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the mission to reclaim Harlem and the american dream by any means necessary Godfather of Harlem airing Sundays. Only on epics get the channel or get the app. You can see where standing near the head right here is the head, and the front legs. Extending off to the east aim trunk of the body is extending northwards away from us, then the rear legs are extending also off to the E. What Hearing is the description of a giant mound in the shape of a bear made of dirt and covered in grass there sounds like these all over the Midwest and many are effigies of animals. Dirt effigy Mounds national monument in Iowa, the mounds are shaped like bears and birds, but uh places in the country have snakes and turtles

the method you mounds, national monument, Jim Napster, the first sounds. We visited are called the marching bear Group from above they look like a long line of bears walking south along the bluff next to the misses. You're ever so I mean this is You know literally close to one hundred foot long animals that spend sculpted on to the earth by bringing basket after basket after bass, earth and piling it all up. I mean there's the equivalent of Does tons of dump truck loads of earth that were moved and placed in order to create just this one mound right here and what's under this month. Well, In many cases we don't know there have been very few excavations here in the marching, bear Group What we do know is that nearly all

effigy mounds do contain burials this. Appears to be a place associated with ceremony I just in The forest can't quite see it with all the vegetation here, but there's the ruts of, what's known as the military trail, tracer that old road actually helps explain. You know why the tribes are no longer present here in Iowa. A lot of people wonder why you've got all of these spect, ocular, my name, is that were obviously built by American Indians. You know, where are the American Indians in Northeast Iowa they're all gone? Why is that? Well, you know it's because the federal government removed them. You know back in the back in the 1830s and 40s literally pack them up and move them on to

to distant reservations and so on. This military road passing right near this mound group Again is an artifact of that era. White, there is moved into the area and started plowing the fields and sometimes plowing down anything that got in the way up to eighty percent of the mounds and any remains inside them were ground up into the fields yeah and that's, You know that was the fate of many of the. The mountains I mean there were thousands of mounts throughout southern Wisconsin n E Iowa Se Minnesota in Northwest Illinois. You know many of them like the amounts that we're seeing here, animal shapes bird shapes, you know all things, all kinds of other shapes thousands and thousands of them: dotting the landscape, but

the rugged nature of the landscape here. The fact that it wasn't ideally suited for agriculture is what protected a lot of the mounts in what eventually became an effigy mounds national. In nineteen. Forty nine Harry true and signed a presidential proclamation making effigy mounds in Iowa. A national monument and stating that the mounds held quote great scientific interest in nineteen. Fifty one the first archaeologist was assigned to quote reveal the mysteries of archaeology and the resources of the park, which really meant king into the mountains, to see what was inside and often putting it on display. The native rights movement are if that the scientific community needed to tree. Native american remains with respect. Nineteen, seventy one- a highway- can kitchen crew uncovered an old cemetery in Iowa.

The remains of twenty eight people were dug up, including me, native american woman and a child. The twenty six white people were put in new caskets and re buried at the local cemetery. But the native american woman and child were boxed up and sent to the state archaeologist stories like this started to make national News by one thousand nine hundred and eighty nine Smithsonian reach an agreement with tribes to return some of their collection open to any descendants they could identify. They said when you face a college. And between human rights and scientific study, science, civic values have to take second place, and then in nineteen. Ninety Congress acknowledged that native american remains were not being treated appropriately and pasta. Requiring institutions to turn, their remains it's commonly referred to as knack bra,

ok. That's the native Americans, grave protection and repatriate mission ACT and it allowed indian tribes to repatriate remains sacred objects and patrimony allow objects. This is Pat Murphy. He worked The tribal representative on NAGPRA matters for the Iowa tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. His job way to help remove, remains from museums across the country and ensure their reburial. We are charged with taking care of the anybody, That cannot take care of themselves, the little ones the elders and we're also supposed to take care of the ones that were dug up and their Spirit journey was interrupted in his

rule is a Nagpur representative, Pat Murphy, Ville did effigy mounds in the early 2000s. He worked with the other tribe that were descendants from the area and they return. And re buried. Two sets of remains so we didn't even all the bad things that went on here, the bad things that happened in effigy mounds. New construction had been completely reckless trenches and postholes damaged burial sites are utility shed, was built right On top of the head and mount a you know, one side investigation concluded. It was very, very clear that things had this park. It kind of straight away from the straight and narrow, and very few things were done appropriately here. Tribal groups were furious. The superintendent was removed.

And that's when Jim Knapp said, was brought in and asked to fix everything you know effigy mounds was in turmoil. I knew it was in turmoil, it's clear as day that the the pot, It was in the wrong. So I wasn't about to come in here, and try to minimize the seriousness of what happened. So I thought you know I'm just going going there, I'm going to all things as I see him, I'm going to be extreme, open and transparent and that was easy enough for the first few months and then when it seem like the situation at effigy mounds. National monument could not possibly get any worse gym. I learned that the remains of forty one native Americans were missing and no one any idea where they could be I'm Phoebe judge. This is

criminal and when Did you first suspect or discover that something was off at effigy mountains? The only thing I can tell you is it to me it was the old ones, We need to do something I didn't know what it didn't. I didn't hear voices or anything like that. It was just a feeling that it will isn't complete up there and so so I started checking into it. In two thousand and Eleven Pat Murphy in his role. This tribal representative asked for inventory of the remains in the parks collection he went to a park in fully named sherron greener. She had The inventories and

ask her to show him the reports from the 90s and early 2000s. It took her a few days to find them when she did, she didn't give them to Pat Murphy. Instead, she went straight to the new superintendent, Jim Knapstad, and she put this report done on my desk. Just popped it on my desk and she said you need to read this and then she just walked out of the room, and the report is about an inch thick. It's a big report, but It's organized in such a way that, after just five minutes or so of leafing through it. I was seeing all these references time and time again. About remains that had been sent. After the office of the state archaeologist in Iowa City to be studied in one thousand nine hundred and eighty six, they returned to the park.

One thousand nine hundred and eighty seven and they have now disappeared, and we don't know where they are, and so time and time again you know Remains- were studied in eighty six return at eighty seven and disappeared soon after Ann no one of my first questions is: did anybody So the tribes about this Jim Knapp said started making calls to anybody He had been around before his time, who might know something, but nobody knew where they were and they would all shrug their shoulders and say. Look a lot of smart people have looked into this over the years and nobody's been able to find him you're not going to find him, and so I just thought. Well, I'm going to have to come for them the nonetheless I'm going to let our travel partners know that there. That they're missing. So I started drafting the letter to notify the tribes. Formally I mean you must have thought at this

give me a break. I cannot I know that yeah in all honesty- and I knew the situation was bad here, but I I had no idea that the park had this kind of a neck problem and there there were some big, lumps under the carpet that were suddenly being revealed. The park its own force, an officer Bob Palmer. He been in the job for more than twenty years. He said he remember something funny about the parks, old superintendent, Tom Munson, taking home a box of animal bones, Bob offered to go to Tom Munson's house and check it out, they'd known each other for along time. Tom looked around but said he couldn't find anything an unexpectedly, though the net today the the phone

bring some Bob's office in his time, Munson. And Tom said well, you know I've got this box, you might want Over and look at it so Bob goes over and Munson produces this box out of his garage and it has little catalog numbers and Bob took that box back to the park and had them sitting on his desk called me over to his office and said Jimmy need to come over here and I walked in and opening the plastic bag and peering inside there's. I mean it's just one of these things that you just never ever forget it just burned into the retinas of your eyes into the plastic bag and there's this human cranium staring out at me. You know

early, looking out from the from the from the bag, I mean it just it haunts you. I mean it's almost like this persons inside this bag saying help Jim NAPS Bob Palmer. Just for someone from the state archaeologist office to come up and study the boxes. Contents, actually, a few weeks later, You got a final report, but now you don't have all of the missing remains you've got you know one slash three to one slash, two of them. Jim naps, called and outside experts, and they went through every single box in filing cabinet at the park ten is of thousands of records to make sure that every item on paper actually existed in the building it's obvious, that the remains are not scroll anywhere in our collection or anywhere else in the park. They are not here. They are truly in, certifiably now unaccounted for.

Is it just a mirror, it's. Where are these kinds of things? This is ok, somebody is really seriously playing with us. Somebody is broken the law. This needs be investigated? Jim called Dave Aborlan miles a special agent for the park system, whatever felony occurs on park service property, whether it's a common. Crime, people on people, murder, sexual assault, all the way to cultural resource crimes, natural resource crimes, Those are all what I do David Brown MILES is crisscrossing country an leaving, no stone unturned. You know going through the dozens of pages of documents and so on. Yeah I'm interview people that have moved from effigy mounds, and now they they work in Atlanta. They work Washington DC there out on the.

You know they're all over the the country, some of them are retired, live up in Minnesota. Some of them are out in Olympic National Park Washington. So I'm interviewing people all over the place. David interviewed all the parks, employee these, including sherron greener, who put the report on Joe upsets desk. In the first place he actually interviewed her twice the first time she said she thought the parks remains have been transferred to the state geologist in Iowa City but David barland miles had already checked that it wasn't true, so he went back for a second interview and her story changed, and she finally told me that in D read she remove. The human remains from the museum. Lock drawers of the park unit put them into two moving boxes, she create

did the report of survey all under the orders of Thomas johnson- and she picked up a box Thomas Monson picked up a box. They walked him up. The stairs out of the basement of the visitors center walked through the visitor center of effigy mounds out front door out into the parking lot and put them in the trunk Thomas Monson's, Ford, Taurus, an he drove them away from effigy mounds, national monument and she did not know where he was taking them. David said that conversation was sherron. Greener was one of the most important moments of his career, the very next day David. To Tom Munson's house, this time, Tom So if Linda was there too have a really beautiful Home in Prairie, Duchene Kind of a restored, victorian home,

and it was a gorgeous spring day, and I walked up to the front door and Tom was at the front door, and he let me in I had never met his wife Linda personally, so I was reduced to her Ann and we sat at kind of a dining room table and they sat together. On one end of the dining room table and I sat at my end. It was browned, I think so. We were just really across from each other, and I spread out all the information. I had in my case file and the documents I felt were pertinent to the investigation and I started by skin Tomlinson, to talk to me about what he thinks happened here. David says the Tom offered three different explanations that he

sent the remains to the state archaeologist that he sent them an archaeological center in Nebraska and that he had gotten unusual directive from the National Office in DC for each explanation, David produced documents to prove I'm wrong. Eventually turn to Tom and said. I don't think you're telling this young man the truth and turn back to me and said: well, what do you think happened and these munsons clearly love each other very, very much and somehow she either leave me or just realize that I'm not going to leave their house until they kick me out David pulled, it can say to search form from his briefcase and put it in front of them Linda, signed and

we got up, and I followed Linda out the back door of the house across the small lawn to a detached garage. She opened up adore the garage and we stepped into it, and then she opened up the garage doors. Let all the light in and she turned to her left and looked at an area in front of a white minivan that they had par dinner, and she cuz. I wonder if that's it and she to this cardboard box that but frankly, out of place her garage everything else about the garage was pretty tidy in Deaton newer and there was a soul, their cardboard box, and she pulled it slightly out from the wall opened up. The flaps of the cardboard box and under the flaps was a partially opened kind of black garbage bag and I picked over shoulder and I could see the

head of a femur, and I knew that that was what I was looking for and she backed away from it and and I said stay here, I'm going to go. Get my camera David took phone, graphs put the box in the passenger seat of his car and texted Jim. I remember just being shocked when he texted me. You know, found the second box you know need to get back into the museum collection. Can you can you meet me out at the park? What emotions were very high with me and Jim, was just? oh shot that we did it that we figured it out and we felt

both sad and happy at the same time, did you immediately, lock them up absolutely Yes, we even prepared a special place to put them as both returning them home, but also, as strangely evidence of crime. Jim now, stud and David Barland miles told tribe, representatives what it happened right away. Sandra Massie of the SAC and Fox nation. We're seeing the pictures that David took of the box in the garage. Then you see the trash bags. And yeah, that was really it hurt I was very angry, but it also hurt because the thing is we in the SAC and Fox nation still do our ceremonies.

They lost my little brother a couple of years ago. We put him away in our traditional way. Anet occur to me that all those people had been buried with that same kind of love you just It's just hard to imagine that anybody could do that. I don't know that I can tell you what a feeling it was Pat Murphy, I guess, would be if your grandmother was dug up and misplaced and her remains were often somebody's garage some place, then that's how you would feel you know violated Tomlinson guilty to one count of embezzling government property.

His sentence was ten consecutive weekends in prison. One year of house arrest, one hundred hours of community service, and he was ordered to pay more than one hundred and eight thousand dollars in restitution. The tribe, We're disappointed when he received community service. I wanted him cleaning out the toilets at effigy mounds. The Little prosecutor for the case said that Munson was being punished as though he'd stolen, a xerox machine. The department of Justice issued a statement that said at all times do his employment Munson was entrusted with purse. Irving in protecting the sacred site. He failed this trust Tom One and had to make a public apology in it. He said please remember me, as you know me, and not for what I've done, why do you think Tom months and did it he'd

I want those God damn Indians to take away his stuff Albert Lebeau who is the cultural resources manager at the park and an enrolled member of the Cheyenne River Sioux tribe? That was the Mattel city of MAC Pro in the 1990s people who had amazing, functions like effigy mounds did, or does you know they were afraid that the the native Americans were income in an repatriate everything you know personally, which was giving bad advice, but underneath it all, I think he was like us, well, I believe how Munson took the remains, because he's fucking races and we thought he was being like a hero he is going to save, is from the Indians and then bring him back Sandra Massey when NAGPRA started, anybody that had our

artifacts or human remains thought that we were going to bring our big trucks and loaded thing up and take it away, and there was sort of a disconnect. There was a distance between them. And earth. He literally admitted in writing that it was because nature was about to pass and and he wanted to protect the funerary objects that some of were on display here in the visitor center gym Nepstad and in his mind. The best way to protect this stuff was to make the remains go away and it We could eventually get people to forget the fact that this stuff was associated with human remains, then, maybe nobody- Bugus enforces to repatriated and so it's very misguided effort on his part, to protect the material.

As I came out of the mountains, but at the cost of you know the remains themselves yeah. This is the last to the better known Jim told me let even though he works at the park. He spends most of his free time here too, and when he's not here, he thinks about it. All the time about why the mounds were built the way they were and about the people who built them moving basket after basket of dirt from the river to the top of the bluffs, but he's ok with never getting the answers they might not be his to know is this your favorite group in the park yeah, it is yeah, there's just

some some kind of order and design here and weather will really ever know what it was you know we'll just have to have to wait and see. You know we, we are definitely working with our travel partners, trying to learn as much as we can, but at the same time you know where, cognizant of the fact that you know maybe there's certain things that were not meant to know. The park hopes to begin reburial of the recovered remains next spring when the ground thaws

criminal is produced by Lawrenceport, Nedeia, Wilson and me, audio mix by Rob buyers are into is Matilda Morpholino Julian Alexander makes original illustrations for each episode of criminal. You can see them at this is dot com. We're on Facebook and twitter at criminal show criminal is Requ, and in the studios of New Carolina public Radio, w you and see where a proud member of radio Topia from Prx a collection of the best podcasts around radio topia from Prx, is supported by the Knight Foundation and special thanks to add search for providing for ad serving platform to radiotopia, I'm Phoebe judge. This is criminal

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