Welcome decision, three episode: twenty one of the Jordan we Pearson Podcast, Mikhail Peters, joins daughter, hope you enjoy this episode of maps of meaning six store. In medicine, Tory Party you guys have check it out. I watched Jocker Wheelings podcast with Dad recently it wasn't a reason podcast anyway, it was really fun and informative. It had some nice stories, my dad shared about working on the railway that I think you might enjoy. I highly recommend watching it also, if you haven't heard of nickel arbour and you are in need of some laughs, I would recommend watching some of her videos, she's extremely funny and very sharp. I hope you're doing well aid for by nature. Everyone now about the risks of driving drunk. You could get in a crash. People get hurt or killed, but let's take a moment to look at some surprising sit sticks, almost twenty nine people in the United States die every day and alcohol impaired vehicle crashes.

One person every fifty minutes, even though drunk driving fate These have fallen by a third in the last three decades. Drunk driving crashes still claim more than ten thousand lives each year. Drunk driving can have a big impact on your wallet till you get arrested and incur huge legal expenses. You could possibly lose your job. So what can you do to prevent drunk driving, planet safe ride home before you start drinking designate, a sober driver call a cab. If someone you know, has been drinking, take their keys and arrange for them to get a sober ride home. We all know the consequences of driving drunk, but one thing is for sure you're wrong. If you think it's no big deal, Dr Sober or get pulled over Season three episode: twenty one maps of meaning ports, six story and met a story. Part Jordan, be Petersen Lecture. So I the case that I was making last time, at least in part, was that you're one of

one way of conceptualizing the fundamental problem that human beings face is to conceptualize it as ongoing struggle with complexity and complexity. Emerges as a consequence of a finite bounded newness of individual consciousness agenda credible, excessive. The unbounded everywhere everywhere else, even including underneath that consciousness, because course you're individual consciousness depends on the function or is related to the function of things that are so complex. You can't even understand it. So there you are surrounded by some things that you understand in an in a nose. Things that you don't understand at all and including things about yourself

and it's not obvious at all- how people solve that problem, because in some sense, It's not solvable the fact that you don't have the cognitive resources or the conceptual risk is to understand everything that you need to understand in order to properly orient yourself in the world now, obviously, partly the way we deal with. That is that we cooperate with other people and so that radically multiplies our resources and credibly multiplies our resources. So and that's all it's something to consider always win. You know. So much of the political dialogue that surrounds us now consists of a critique of of cooperative societies and an analysis of their oppressive nature. And, of course that's.

Because any cooperative system it specifies a certain in point and produces a value hierarchy of some sort, also simultaneously forces things into that value system and then ran quarters people according to the values structure. And so there is an impressive element to it, but compared to being naked in chaos. Generally, it's better now, it doesn't always have to be because it can get odorous, but, generally speaking, well, look we're social animals. It doesn't matter. Our evolutionary pathway has already taken us here and so we're in vigils, but we're unbelievably social, and so that's that so far as I can tell, we'd have to be completely different creatures, not to fall not to take advantage of an fall prey to the problems with social being a right. So I think the

that the problem of complexity has been solved, and this is the best argument I know of for the truth of the Darwin, notion of evolution. Now I dont think that our models of evolution are complete by any stretch of the imagination, I I know they're not partly because of recent work done. An epigenetic would suggest that you can acquire you can inherit, acquired traits right and when I went to university when I started going to university in the nineteen eighties, that was heresy really like no, you cannot inherent acquired traits, but actually you can inherit acquired traits, that's the field of epigenetic studies that and that that's a radical shift in perspective, because we also don't know exactly what that means across any length of time and when you're thinking about evolutionary links,

time, you're thinking about three and a half billion years, does that's the span of time over which life evolved, and so even things that didn't don't have a overwhelmingly market potent for one generation can be unbelievably powerful across time and then there's also issues of sexual sexual selection? Because you know you here Darwinism continually describe the world and the evolutionary world as a place of randomness, and that's not true- and I dont know why they make that statement. Mutations our random or cause? I random, because we don't understand mutations that well yet either and most mutations are deadly right. Most mutations are deadly, there's a set of them that are harmful, but not deadly, and then there's a tiny, tiny proportion that could principal produce, some benefit to the next generation, assuming environmental environmental shift say in the direction of the mutation so

and that's there's a randomness element that we know, that of being part of the reason that you mutate or yourselves mutate. Your dna mutates is because of background levels of radio activity. In the lot of that's a consequence of solar activity, So cosmic rays comes zipping through the atmosphere and they nail your dna and produce minor alterations and that's a mutation. And if you crank up the background radiation rate like say around Chernobyl than the meat mutation rate rises and there is definitely a random element to that end, its necessary for there to be a random element, because, as far as and tell the only way you can beat array the environment is by producing random changes right. So you know the idea, basically, the the environment isn't static, place that selecting for higher and higher levels of fitness or not in any, not in any its. May not doing that in any static way, and so it's shifting round randomly and then you know you have a structure that

been your species has a structure. That's a consequence of this immense evolutionary journey, its moderating itself randomly within certain parameters, the parameters being that most mutations will kill? You like alterations in your fundamental form generally tend to kill you so their incremental so the mutations are random and they match. Hopefully they rach them randomness in the environmental shift, and so you can more or less keep up that way. But then there's additional complicating factors and they're, not trivial and one of them is whatever epigenetic does we don't know anything about that yet, but the second one is sexual selection and sexual select. Is no joke. It could be the primary certainly one of the primary things, that's driven human evolution, and I think you can say that you think about the environment again, let's think about the environment, so you have a dominance hierarchy and that's really own old structure. The dominance harking three hundred million years old because it emerged pretty much whenever there was whenever there was a nervous system, emergent, nervous system and

ever animals had occupied the same territory, the automatically organised themselves into something approximating dominance hierarchy. So it's a very very very, very old structure, its older than trees, its older than flowers, its old and as far real goes from darwinian sense, permanent, is real? And so, when you can say. Well, you know our burial ancestors adapted themselves to trees and so the tree was a long look around long enough to be a feature of the environment, but the dominance he has been around a lot longer than trees and you can think of the dominant turkey, both as an added. Asian to the environment, because you time to think about the dominant turkey as a cultural construct, but if a cultural construct lasts long enough, then it becomes part of the environment and so the dominant, Turkey's part of the environment and what seems to happen roughly speaking, this is an oversight.

Location, but we'll go with it. Is that males have adore Turkey and there's a relatively small number of males that are relatively successful and those six as for males, have preferential access to female reproductive capacity either, because the females actively choose the more dominant mails, which is very, very common orbit. The more dominant males chase, all the less dominant, males away so that, even if the females don't exercise choice which they often do, then the only males left and that can serve as reasonable mating partners are the more powerful ones and so- Thank you to really radical determinants evolution as a consequence of that one is that each I'm not talking about female dominance hark is at the moment and talk about them, but that's why this is an oversimplification simplification. But what happens? Is that-

the males obviously are selected for their ability to move up dominant Turkey's. Obviously because the ones that are at the top of the dominant turkey reproduce preferentially in so that. He's the male dominance. Hierarchy becomes a method of selection, but then. Allied with that is the female proclivity for choice whatever dimension. The dominance hark he happens to be arranged in so then female sexual selection also becomes a radical non random selector of of of what what genetic material is going to move into the next generation and so Ike. I fail See how any of that can be separated from the emergence of complex nervous systems and mind over the course of evolution, because people aren't creatures aren't making random choices throughout random at all. So we the nose such things like magic, peacocks, tail and its covered with eyes, which is quite interesting because eyes

worse, attract attention and lots of animals have evolved. I like markets, like monsters, MOSS that when the unfolding they have to big eyes on the back of the man. That's keep birds from eating them right, because the birds don't like being stared at so they stay away from the moss, but so a peacock tales, nothing but eyes, and so it's very attractive and shimmers and there's something about it. That's beautiful, which is quite interesting to the sea, have obviously been selecting the male peep cop peacocks for beauty they have. Insane tail, while so they have Missionary biologists have thought, while what possibly utility could that tail b? Is it just? Maybe the females got fixated on tail so to speak, and you know You gotta Boldwood effect loop going there in the mail. Peacocks just got bigger and bigger tales and is just like an evolutionary dead at its. You know: it's a positive feedback list system, that's gone out of control, but they have done things that, like look at the symmetry and and and bread say or

the tree and size and overall quality of the male peacocks tail as a marker for physical health, so reduce parasite load, for example, it does turn out that they healthier male peacocks have better tail display, and so the wit, what the female seem to be doing is using some marker or some set of markers as a proxy indicator for four for health, and I think I think you could say with with reasonable. You could say reasonable that reasonably that female human beings do the same thing, They all human beings and there's some about vice versa, too, like we evaluate each other, for example, for symmetry, which is one of the elements of beauty, because healthier people tend to be more symmetrical and lots of animals, you symmetry butterflies. If butterflies won't mate with another butterfly.

Deviates from cemetery by the tiniest amounts you can imagine so symmetry is a marker and there's other markers like shoulder with to waste, which is one in waste with two hip with another. That's usually what males use that to evaluate females in part, so there's lots of markers of health but it also looks to me like that. The data worldwide seems to indicate that women so imagine that women, made across dormant to Turkey's end up socio, economically speaking, and on average across cultures. Women go for men who are about forty five years older. You know it varies the scandinavian countries that shrunk a little bit, but not that much and in other cultures is bigger. I wouldn't that depends to some degree on difficulty of establishing economic independence right because in richer countries it's easier to have enough economic independence, if you're a male to be to be a useful participant in the process of having children,

but it doesn't matter cross culturally. It still across an up where men made to cross and down they don't care much about socio economic status doesn't seem to be part of their selection method. Generally speaking, so so. I think that party. That is also that the ability of women to select for for male health, it's something like that before it. Isn't that only that, because if you are healthy and energetic you're, much more likely to be successful, because it's very hard to be successful if you're ill, obviously me so because the competitions just too high and both both genders, both sexes select each other for attractiveness, both select for intelligence, both select for personality, although that the different there are differences there in terms of what's what stressed, but so so so I think you can derive a couple of things out of out of this, and this is where

I think people are different and then other animals importantly different. Is that so imagine that this tremendous selection pressure to towards the production say of men who are going to climbing male dominates Harkin's or are climbing the mayor. Dominance hierarchy, but the thing that so interesting about people is that we ve multiple our dominance hierarchies. You know, if you taken out well, that's gotta rather static behavioral pattern than theirs. The single hierarchy. Elephant seals are a good example of that. So elephant seals, the males are absolutely massive, their way way bigger than the females and they basically have herons, roughly speaking, and they they use physical process as their marker of

status. Essentially and obviously size is a huge part of that, because otherwise, the male elephant seals wouldn't be as their massive. These things are absolutely enormous, and so it's just power, slash health. You know, maybe aggression, something like that. It's whatever makes them more suitable for the kind of physical combat that elephant seals, engage it so, and the degree to which power is associated with dominance status in those sorts of situation seems too. Associated with this size differential between males and females. So the more power is an issue with regards to male competence, the larger the males are compared to the females and the more likely the males are going a harem relationship with the females, and you see that a little bit in human beings because men are bigger than women they're. Not overwhelmingly bigger that sexual dimorphism. There's some men that are smaller than some women, but on average men are tolerant there. They have more upper body, strength and so forth,

there is a power element to male competition, but it's not as extended as it would among animals say like like elephant seals, so in the elephant seal. You see, maybe there's one stable set of traits, that's being selected, for that makes the males likely to reproduce, but human beings were very weird creatures because we're so conceptually flexible and so what seems to have happened? Maybe we started male started, selecting each other for dont, endorsements competitions for something like cognitive, flexibility and and conscientiousness, something like that. So that would be eighty two abstractly represent the world and then the ability operate effectively within it to represent yourself. Socially and away and then to carry through with that, because that enables people to trust you. So it's something like that, and so that produced cortical expansion, and then women were selecting men who were good. That did not produce cortical expansion and then

There's an arms race between women and men with regards to intelligence, so the women kept up, or they certainly kept up with with with intelligence, as as the evolutionary cycle continued one of the consequences of selection for cortical expansion and increase cognitive flexibility. That the number of dominance hierarchies that human beings could produce started to multiply right, because that's all Ports are ways that you can be successful. If you think about how many ways you can be successful in a modern culture and and can be successful in dimensions that aren't really even associated with each other. So you can be success. Socially, that that's what an extrovert would do, you could be successful in terms of intimate relationships. That's what agreeable person would do. A disagreeable person would be more successful with regard

to competition person whose high introduces and would be would be trying to protect themselves and to establish some sort of security and open person would be looking for a flexible, creative environment, and so there's this multiplicity of of ways that you can establish a dominance hierarchy and be success Well, then, if your creative, you can come up with your own, damn dominance, hierarchy, which is exact what you're doing, if your created right you, you spend up a game, that's your game and then use. You make the rules and that's hard, because if you make a new game with new rules, it's hard to monetize it. But you can be the best at playing that game, and so that's a huge advantage to being creative. If you can pull it off. So then you think what what's happened among human beings is the multiplication of the set of possible dominance hierarchies since become very broad and they you could say what what's what's driving selection now is the ability to be successful across multiple sets of dominance hierarchies, and that accounts, at least in part, for our cognitive flexibility.

So that's really what a human being is. A human being is a creature that has high potential for succeeding. A very wide range of potential human dominance hierarchies, and so that gives us our transformative psyche. That's the niche that that's the niche that we've both produced and occupy, and I think it's out of that. The hero mythology, is fundamentally because I think what the hero is. The mythological hero is a record integration of that part of the psyche, that's particularly good. At being so zestful across sets of dominance hierarchies, that's a very varied biological way of thinking about it, and I thought about this for a long time. I can't see any way that that just can't be the case in how else how else could it were? If we had a fixed behavioral pattern like beavers, you know you were the most successful beaver. If you build the best, damn

like five men, you know what's going to be selected for, but that isn't what people are like and its also, why we're so multi purpose? You know we have hands what what's a hand for what's the evolutionary function of a hand, while you, you can't spell to find out. You could say it's something like well hand is useful for doing a whole bunch of different things with well and mouth tongue, same thing, but her words for while it's the same thing, therefore very here for communicating a very wide range of information at something like that sword where these weird general purpose animals. You know we're not great at any one thing but we can swim better than most terrestrial animals. You know we can run faster than most animals. We can certainly run longer like a human being and run a horse to death over the course of a week, if they're in good shape, so like we're really good at being multi purpose entity like a rat, you know we're

they call rats weedy species because they can be anywhere. They don't have a specific niche likes you know, there's animals down and in the Amazon that their specialised like one tree, you know or one type of, in one tiny little area, that's not what human beings like us we're we're like cockroaches, a rat's which nasty comparison but we can go anywhere and thrive, and so and so being particularly good at that, in particularly good at being able to go anywhere in thrive, also seems to me to be economical element of the hero mythology. So so ok, all right now I started to introduce all those topics because I was trying to address the you of how it is that we ve come to deal with the fact that things are so complex that we can deal with them and

A huge part of the answer to that is the darwinian answers. One is, while you keep up with things you can't keep up with by changing unpredictably, so there's here's an example sometimes if you're driving down the road and there's a deer on the road, maybe into a little instead of jumping out of the way it sort of jumps randomly and then you run into it, you think. Well, that's a pretty stupid strategy is like natural selection that work there, but it turns out dear jump, randomly win, wolves or chasing them. Well. Why would you do that, while tissue can predict right? if, if something horrible is after you, acting unpredictably is actually a pretty good strategy and that's basically what mutation does means the horrible thing, after you always is the rapid transformation of the environment, and the only thing you can do we do in that in the case in that case, is capitalize on chance. Ok, so that's one thing, so that's partly The darwinian story, I think, has to be right because the arm does move unpredictably.

And the only way you can keep up with something. That's unpredictable degenerate variants and hope that one of them has drawn the lucky lottery card, but then there's these additional issues, which is that were also we also seem to be tightly selected for the capacity to cooperate and compete. So that multiplies our cognitive ability, that's a huge part of it, and then we are also. We also seem to have constructive ourselves so to speak through sexual choice into these general problem general purpose problem solving creatures, and so we ve internalized some of the darwinian process. So you think well most end. Will produce variants of themselves physically and then most of those variants die. But human beings have built a lance built up mechanism but say that's like a game engine. I think that's a really good. You know how There are game engines now that people have devised there, you're computational devices

and you can take a game engine and you can generate games with it. Like computer games so- the game engine, is a mechanism for producing games or that's what our brains are like. Our brains are game in for producing games, and so what happens. Is that when you thank you produce it the of yourself, you produce sectional world and that that avatar and habits- and maybe you produce multiple. Worlds and multiple avatars. That's the you that be tomorrow, which is what you're doing when you're planning and you walk the avatar through its potential routes and those that look couldn't you keep and those that don't look at you kill and soul. You can, then you can embody the ideas that you keep an act, those out and hopefully the ideas that, when you in them you're successful and you dont get killed And so we're select, we ve also so that when we ve been selecting each other for cognitive prowess,

We ve been selecting ourselves for the ability to generate avatars out of ourselves and kill them instead of dying its unbelievably brilliant and that's really akin to the human discovery of the future. The future is a place where variants if you could exist, if something like that and other animals, don't seem to be able to do that, so we're very sneaky and well so far it doesn't seem to be working too badly. Although we haven't been around for very long right, I mean human beings of our particular sub species, but a hundred and fifty thousand years, something like that, which is from an evolutionary timeframe. It's like nothing. You know two thousand eighty year old man, it's not very long. You know, if you think about it, Ok, so now what I want to do is draw a relationship between that developmental process that evolutionary process and the emergence of these underlying motivational systems

thing like this, so imagine go back in time to the emergence of the development of nervous systems. So there's yourselves that creatures use to to produce motor output and their cells that creatures use to map patterns around them onto themselves, and so those there's that sensory, that's the sensory layer. So to speak, imagine sensory layer, nervous layer, motor layer in simpler animals. You just have sensory motor cells, then they diversify sensory layer, nervous layer, motor layer. In fact, that's actually what you consist of when you first developing in utero after the last to cite stage when yourselves differentiate. That's the differentiation, three layer, nervous layer motorway. So then you think there's a century later. What's sensory layer doing think about the world. S consists consisting of patterns

of all sorts, like. Maybe there's an animal in the ocean and its being subjected to waive motion, and so its sensory systems map the wave motion onto the motor output? So if you look at a sponge, for example, sponges are good examples cause there for the past unicellular animals and half multi sell your animals. You can take a sponge and run it through a colander and said Wait it out into sells it see in salt, water. And it'll assemble itself back into a sponge. So it's sort of that yeah Musingly, it's kind of what you do in utero? that the cells somehow know enough to communicate with one another to one another, to organise themselves into an organism believe what we have. No idea how people do that, because, when you're in the initial form blast to cite form, although cells are identical genetically and then all of a sudden, I do and cheered, and they moved to the places they're supposed to go. We have now idea how that cod do not happen. These cells are all identical, except for their position So there are obviously communicating with one

other in some unbelievably complicated way and saying: well, you you're this sort of solid and soon going to differentiate. That way, God only knows, but anyway, Punches can do this now. A sponge isn't com Ok enough to have the sensory layer and nervous layer and the motor layer. It's just, and remote ourselves, if I remember correctly, but what the sponge is trying to figure out if it wants to get water through its horse inside because that's how it eat, and so there's wave motion constantly So what's happening is the wave motion is a pattern sponges reacting to that in a pattern way. That's really it's really useful to think about what your response to us patterns instead of objects, because we think we react objects, but objects are actually a specific sub category of pattern and so It also helps to explain perception. It's like what does it mean Are you to see something? Well, it means a bunch of things but

one of the things that means is when I look at that thing, it manifests itself to me as a cripple object. Mean that that's built into the way. I see it. So if he, if you think about the way that you see that on the surface there, you can tell that separate from the surface, because it has a bit of a shadow and it's a different color and obviously shaped for a hand, and so that thing tells you when you look at it, then disagreeable object, what's its hand shaped like a stone tools would be, and so and the things around you in the world manifest themselves as patterns of utility that that's the appropriate way to think about. You say: well, what does This thing mean because that's a hard question well. One of the things that your eyes do. Psych. Imagine you ve got this representational surface at the back of your retina made out of pixels, roughly speaking right, those of the cells and what it does is map that pattern.

Onto your retinal pattern and then the retinal pattern propagates itself as a nervous pattern, long you're, optic nerve and then that a fast itself as a neurological pattern. That neurological, a pattern manifests itself as an action pattern and so the meaning of the object is the action pattern that is mapped onto the onto the perception. And so what does this mean? This is what it think this is appears Eddie, Knobs evasions like one or many one right, I'm acting like it's one. But if I do this, then many why one to write their separately, manipulable entities and so the concept of number is. In fact predicated at least in part, on the idea of

singular usability but you're mapping, it's like. While what is this? It's a key? Well, what does that mean? Well, I mapping that shaped into this motion for that action say: well, it's not just two key, it's a weapon right, and so that's because I've mapped it onto a it. Nope put pattern, but if you think about perception as the matching of patterns onto patterns it makes it breaks way more sense. You can really start thinking about how perception works, because then you can also start thinking about unconscious perception. So you know them the blind I'd. Experiments show that, for example, that is, if you had quarter damage. So you, you think you're blind you see objects anymore, but I show you a picture of a frightened face. You'll show, since skin conducting risk what do you think we're how they cannot happen? It's, like, I to see the face in order to Third, the emotion in order to have the reaction is like? No, you don't you that at all, you need a pattern. Recognition system that man,

that right onto a Mig, delicate output that produces physiological readiness, you don't need the perceptible entity, because you know you think you see something and then you think about the thing. And then you evaluate the thing and then you act like you do do that. But there are parts of you that don't do that at all way: faster parts, more primordial parts and so now example, would be Darwin's trick with the snake that I told you about. He goes museum that had a cobra, wineglass cage and the cobra he put his face up to the glass cage and a cobra would strike, Let me go like this and there is no way he could control that, while it's because the pie of him that saw the snake. Wasn't the part that was doing this there's a part of does this too snakes, that's what it does and it's it's way faster than the poor figure to see the snake, you have to do image is obviously the image. The pattern is,

portrayed on the red not propagates backwards to see it? It has to be elaborated up through a very complex set of neurological connections. That takes time so you're dead, while the thing that snake means this that's like three neurons super fast. And so what is a snake at that level of representation? It's like a snake is: that which makes you do this and then you can. To say that at that level of representation, everything that makes you do. This is the same thing. Because the same would be defined and by the pattern that you manifest in response to that entity. So then, you're nervous system is layered. Very, very that's sensory layer, neurological layer, motor layer. As you become more complex, the sensory layer differentiates into the different sensory systems. And the neurological level multiplies in terms of its potent,

number of connections. So what happens is that you can map patterns that manifest themselves in multiple in different ways in multiple different ways to multiple motor outputs. So you start with a fixed action pattern, which is just like this: this, the sponge reflex. What's the world Hu, a sponge. The world is what makes you go like this or like that. That's it the whole world the sponge has compressed entire world into pours. Open ports closed, that's that's it to states and then, once the nervous system gets differentiated I'm the senses get differentiated, so their specialised kinds of cells, then you can detect more forms of patterns, you can produce more patterned output to that, but even more interesting way, and this is where the nervous system starts to come into play: the Damn capping of the pattern onto the output is no longer one to one. You can use this

pattern roughly speaking to british all sorts of different outputs, better context dependent because you might say well so ok, I picked it up, you say: well, he picked out up. It's ok! Well, what about that You think picked it up, while yeah yeah. I did except up the path. Musculature that I used to do this is by no means identical to the pattern of musculature that I used to do that right I mean the fact that the orientation is different is actually extraordinarily important. So so, while my point is that with sufficient nervous complexity, you can take the same thing so to speak and map at all sorts of different ways and human beings, or unbelievably good at that

so now go back to win. Things were simple, so this single celled organisms will say and then they start to differentiate to some degree and they start to propagate, and so then there's then the environment starts to shift because the fact of the the lives of all of these competitors means the end it isn't exactly the same as it was when that system first evolved new problems urge, and so then, there's selection pressure on those creatures to diversify to some degree and then the diversified, produces a transformation in the environment and then in this pressure on those new entities today, versify, some more, and so you get this we're boats dropping process. Maybe the environment, is one thing when there's ten of you, but a completely different thing. When there's a thousand of you write so just sheer multiplication, going to transform the environment and so then the because the environment has now become more complex than it was their selection pressure to produce diversification in underlying organisms and that took a long time to get off the

like there were single celled organisms for a huge span of history, I mean, if you look at evolutionary history, the amount of time that there were single celled organisms is far longer than the time that there is being since there were multi celled organisms. It's like it's like Moors law in all the law that governs the the increase in computational power. You can trace that back to about the year fourteen hundred something like that. So it's been going on for a very long time and maybe you can make the same from an evolutionary perspective, it's like the flat part of the curve is really long. But once it starts to move up, it starts to move up a really fast and obviously that's the position that we are in now. So single celled organisms for a long time. They started to diversify, and then you could imagine well. From the single cell organism, you start getting multi cellular organism and then it and ends up with this tripartite structure. Sensory nervous layer, motor layer and then that starts to differentiate and

every time there is a differentiation, that's conserved and that's these systems. The motivational systems emerged a long long time ago, as urgent solutions to emerging problems and you ve conserved. All of them. I mean you ve conserved, you're, snakily, flax, which like three neurons long. That's really really primordial, but you ve conserved, you ve conserved function at almost every temporal level, so there's parts of you there quickly dirty and parts of you that are slow and sophisticated, and a lot of the contents of consciousness is slow and sophisticated. So it can't help your emergency, but can do or consciousness seems to do, is take your structure analyzed the world's for fur. Let's say mismatch between wheel up what you want and what's happening, and it s either helps you alter the world. So those mismatches go away or it

turns inward and more modifies the structures that you're using. So if you're playing the piano you ve got, this automaton routine has very little to do with consciousness. If you ve practiced enough- and you make a mistake, you stop, you know the mistake, you stop and then you slow it down. And then you re, you practice the the new thing many speeded up than you beat it up. Then you speeded up doing that. The neural representation shrinks until you ve developed little specialised machine, and then you run that a few times, and now you can ignore it. You can look at the notes and just play and the way you go and that's kind of what consciousness is doing the time you're laying out an automaton routine and then, if, if that doesn't produced the intended outcome, you stop. You become conscious, really caused nothing like an error.

You conscious, then you do our high resolution analysis of the space in which the error emerged. You remove sure, motor output, your perceptions and all of that to make that error go away in a way you go, and so your consciousness is continually your cards. This seems to be continually building your unconscious. You're procedural unconscious and so to some degree the purpose of consciousness is to make you functional, unconsciously right, because that's way better, you don't want to be conscious of most things, because it's just what you gonna do be conscious of your digestive processes. No, if, if you're good at something you hardly have to be conscious of it at all, so consciousness is something like an error, detection and rectification system. Something like that, and so you can say what you could practice being conscious, because what that means in some senses, you're always attending to your errors, not seems to be a really intelligent thing to do. If you don't take it to foreign collapse yourself,

because, if you're always attending to your errors, you're always proving year, automated adaptability, something like that pay attention, see if things are working out, the way that you want them to an if they're not modify you're you're you're approach perceptions, So you ve conserved these systems the systems emerge to to solve them, of emergent complexity and you end up at birth with all of these conserved systems, and so those would be proclivities that would enable you to man fast necessary realm of behaviors in the social now brought human environment, something like that, so your basically prepared for that- and I told we went through what those where last time and you can break them down into self maintenance, motivations and self propagation motivation. Something like that so ok! Now the question is: how do those manifest themselves and that's where we get that's where we can make a ship

save from evolutionary ideas and biological ideas to narrative ideas, so I made the case for you that you, exist within within this thing. I've never figured out exactly what to call it, because you can call it a game or you can call it a frame of reference, pretty good one or you can call it a story. Or you can call it a unit of perception. But if that's not exactly right cause it's more than perception. It's really this It's a really what it is: a micro personality. It's it's your! It's your purse, reality as it manifests itself added at the highest possible resolution. That's what this is, and so, if I will say I set myself the past of moving those from there to hear so my my perceptual frame is its this thing. I think well, what's the world, everything can be ignored. I need to

make an object. Out of my hand, these keys that tiny spot on the table- and- and my goal is to transform this pattern into that pattern and it's a pattern because it maintains itself across time it's not like smoke or class did it persists so there it is there. It is there. It is there. It is. That's a pattern its extending across time, so I have this goal, which is the transformation of this into that and that goal. So that would be roughly speaking. The goal is Point B, but you can't just think about. This is something that's a goal because it isn't just a goal: it there's a goal which is the end. What which is the end state of this entire process? The end state is I've moved the thing from here to hear I've.

Hence form this into this and I've done it using action, and that's so that's a useful thing to know too. I have an abstract notion. That's my decision that I going to get the world to manifest this pattern. Instead of this one so that gives me my target. That's an abstraction when I actually do the transformation. That's not an abstraction, because now I'm using actual action, actual behaviour, and so I take this abstract micro personality. This is the path that's operating on this tiny little section of the world. I make the transformation and as soon as I do that another thing happens, which is, I don't need that anymore right. I move to the next one of those. Whatever happens to be one of the things were going to have to figure out is what is the real asian ship between these things cause you're, always in one of them and their scalable slight, when you're doing a specific,

Action is really high resolution and that's kind of You don't want to be operating when you what you're doing that's where you want to be operating roughly speaking when you trying to do something new, but its scalable, and so does the framework which is constructed in part from these motivational systems that emerged over evolutionary history. The framework specifies the condition the desired condition and and the behavioral manifestations that are necessary to make the transformation, and so you can think of It has a drive because its instincts were often thought about us tries or, as a goal is not correct, because the thing actually sermons your perceptions, it determines what objects manifest themselves to you in the world or what patterns. That's another way of thinking about he's like when I'm looking at this issue to watch your own perceptions. But when I'm looking at this, I really I can see

that chair. But if I didn't know it was a chair I wouldn't bill to tell by looking by by my visual input. I can I want to see this one, although I really can't tell what color it is that, when slightly here- this is pretty blurry here. I can't see my fingers if I'm looking at the keys, I can see my fingers unless they move. And I'm very very focused on that. So what happens? Is that All the rest of the world turns into a low resolution, representation that vanishes on its periphery the rest Lucian increases, as as I move words, the central part of my visual field and he sharp enough so that I can actually see the letters on that key. So so my desire which I'm indicating, by the point of my eyes, specifying the objects that I see and specifying their level of resolution. So you can't just call that a driver, a goal. It's it's! That's not right! It's it's! The mechanism that makes the world manifest itself to you,

Oh that's, that's unbelievably. Crazy thing is that the world manifests itself to you in keeping with your goals. Now that doesn't mean it. You can make the world do any old thing because it pushes back right. It objects to so, but still it's it's very strange thing. So fine, so it specifies you're perceptions, your target, the current reality. And the likely procedure that you're going to use to make all of that inter related, but it does more than that. So, let's we're we're gonna, look at it from a couple of different perspective, so the classic and archaic way of thinking about perception, the world's full of objects? You see the objects, you think about them, you evaluate them, then you act on them. It's like! No, that isn't how it works. First of all, the world is not made out of objects. The world is made out of. I think the world is made out of tools and obstacles and its because You can't not perceived the world in relationship to you, what you proceeded

we are the meaning of objects precedes the patterns, Tool is something like a meaningful pattern or useful pattern in something like that and so lucky look again, you look if I might say. To someone described this room now, you're gonna pick you're gonna pick a level of description. That's very particular, You're gonna pick one that other human beings could understand. So it's gonna be predicated on your size, for example, until you to be predicated on your knowledge that that prison, is a lot like you and has allowed if the same underlined structures and motivations. So that's an implicit predicated. Your guest So, let us say: well, it's kind of an ordinary classroom. It's got twenty rows of tables that chapter? Five chairs at it, and each of its does has I've chairs their supposed that hold them up. There's a couple of speakers

there's a podium there's a screen or some additional chairs, there's the scattering of people there, some electronic equipment and so You know, of course, that there is an infinite number of things I could be describing in this room. Right like I could be describing theirs, lot of color variation in that tile. So if I look at it, I can see that it unlike the other tiles, because the light is reflecting off it. So it's gotta, shiny white element is about God only knows, Amelia indifferent, scratches and at each which are unique. I can't even really tell what color it is kind of looks like an off grayish green, If I was painting it to get a reasonable representation. I'd have to have to have at least six seven shades of green, ranging from quite dark to almost white, and that's only if I look at it from here- if I look at it from here well, then you get the point right I mean

there's an infinite number of details in this room. There's an infinite number of facts in this room. That's also why I dont believe that you can derive and ought from it is, like you know, that's the old human issue right. You cannot derive ethical guidelines from factual knowledge and I think the reason for that is which facts are gonna pick. How are you going to select them? There's there's an inn, in a number of them even in the constrained situation, so merely by attending to some and not attending to others. Already using an ethic, because you can't attend to what thing and not another without being ensconced in one of these values structures, because the value structures, what determines the direction of your attention, so you can't make the argument that you're, using their

The infinite number of facts that are available at your disposal to govern how you're, looking at the facts, you you're, not that isn't what you're doing it's not possible to do that. So what do you do? Well, you described the things in the room that would be relevant to other people you gonna bore them to death or they're, going to think you're insane and also or an art, maybe because an artist might do the kind of concentration on a detailed that I just described, but he's all these. They are she's, obviously trying to paint the thing I represent it somehow. So it's still tool like well Why do you want to know that their tables while because you said at the, why do you want I was their chairs cause, you sit in them. No, what both the screen or the camera equipment, while they're all usable tools, and so that's why You described described the world at the level of usable tool, or you might also say you know, look out for that girl whose third in the third row she's trouble and

you might call out someone if you're describing the room, because there is so Where, in that room that, if you go you're going to get into trouble and so and so those are sort of the things that seem to me to be relevant, there are tools. Move you along your way, facilitators! That's another way of thinking about them and there are obstacles to get in your way and there's a tiny set of those. Otherwise, you, Overwhelmed you're not gonna, go anywhere where it's all obstacles right. You don't even more you want to be in that place. You want to be in a place where it's mostly this and then then The biggest category, though this is what's cool, This is- and this is so important- is the biggest perceptual category is that which is not relevant at this time, because it contains every You know like when you, when you're writing on this on this path. You assume the entire world around. You was constant and therefore you can ignore it. It's everything out there.

All the transformations that are taking place you, two zero and you just focus on. Maybe this That's occupied by a single letter, the whole world shrinks down to just that single letter and everything health is ignored. What what happens? something goes wrong. This is the thing. This is why this is so important. What happens if something goes wrong? An indeterminate set of those irrelevant entities has now become relevant. That's the problem is the invisibility disappears and so, for example, you're all true. In each other in this room right now as a normal entities. Roughly speaking, you could all be blobs from a perceptual perspective, and if you look at how you see the room except for the person that your guessing on. Everyone else is a blog, and some of them are virtually invisible blocks and that's fine because there are adequate.

They represented as a blog about less you do something that disturbs the ongoing flow of gold erected. Action just like the gorilla think right so, The damn guerrilla was invisible because it didn't get in the way, even though you think of course, you'll see a gorilla Everything that doesn't get in the way is invisible, except for that small fraction of things that you can use for your purpose and that's how you perceive so it's so mindboggling that, because it puts perception into the realm of ethics, it isn't what you would expect You see what you are aiming at and you know that you know that you're standing on a street corner and you look up and soon there's ten. Advanced, chimpanzees, like you right beside you looking up to see what the hell is, that you aiming at they assume, just by watching you that, if you're focusing your perception on something and and you're fixated dormant, that its relative an important it's tool like or maybe obstacle like its relevant for some reason, and so

we live in a landscape of relevance and that's a mind to me. That's an apple, thirdly, mind boggling idea, because that is way different, that living in a landscape of facts. It is not the same thing even a little bit and philosophers who pursued that idea quite well, I would say to quite incredible degree: Heidegger is probably the one who's done that more than anyone else, but then the nineteenth century pragmatists, we're very interested in that as well, but the because you think in older, the classic scientific idea, something like you perceive a universe of facts and derive conclusions and act like no. You don't You perceive a line landscape of pre, categorized relevance, that's dependent on your ethic Jesus, it's so peculiar that, and so that brings up real questions like what ethic best structures your perceptions. Well, that is an interest that is the interesting idea as far as I'm concerned. Ok, so so

we can make this a little bit more interesting, I think, is the right way of thinking about it. Ok! Well so you ve got tools and obstacles, but they're not dead. That's the other thing because we're in an ethical landscape, because we're demotivated landscape, whether something the a tool or an obstacle, actually matters to you, and we can act define matter matters a weird word, because there are there's matter and then there's the things that matter, and you could say that old is made out of matter or you could say that old is made out of things that matter and I would say you act like the world is made out of things. That matter, you might say, I believe that I believe it's made out of matter, but no you don't, because that's not how we act. It might be you say you do, but it is not what you do So why do things matter well, first of all irrelevant things, don't matter, and thank God for that right, because if everything mattered its while you're, either you're either in the midst of an lsd trip,

yours gets a frantic or you're in real serious trouble. So you want most things the irrelevant now that's kind of dull and takes the glory in the glamour out of the world, but from a cognitive perspective. It's definitely an advantage. So irrelevancy, man, that's critical on a huge amount of what you have is learned irrelevance. Athletes basis of your cognitive, now just learned irrelevant what to ignore. Ok, fine! So that's zeros things out you to turn most of the world into zero. Well, then you have the small subset of things that are beneficial to you, that you can use for the purposes of your current operation, which will define in more detail can use that for the purposes of your colonel, your current, indeed, and then you have obstacles, and so, for example,

if I may, if I'm late for class, so I mean a particular state of mind. And I walked in here, and I see that I'm gonna get a little burst of negative emotion, its irritation. And the reason for that is that is not a recycling been then it's an article that some dim wit left there just to annoy me- and I mean, you do. You know what I mean. That's how you react to the world in a situation like that, it's like it's, not a recycling, been if it's here and I dont want to stand there. Then it's a recycling bit if it's there, it's an obstacle. And as soon as I look at it that I see it and then get annoyed. It's that annoyance is part of the perception because it's an obstacle in my pathway than the amount Shouldn't comes along with the perception. It's not laden. On top of that, it's not oh! That's! I don't think that's a recycling,

been that's in the wrong place now it's in my way. I should be annoyed that isn't what happens? Is the annoyance, my suspicion are that the damn annoyances faster than no object perception, because it's a more primordial circuit. So you actually that's now. There's a great book if you're interested in this sort of thing is a great book called an ecological approach to this, will perception, which was written by a guy named Gibson back in the seventies and it's brilliant he. His fundamental conclusion is, I think, wrong, but it doesn't matter the book is not only brilliant because see he was the guy that came up with the idea of affords an affordable, says something that affords some utility in

can be positive or negative, and he thought about the world as being full of furniture, roughly speaking, something like that and then what you saw, what you perceived directly was the affords, and so he mentioned the visual cliff experiment. So say I put a piece of glass over top of this: the space between these two tables no chair there. I take a duck- and I put the dark here in the dock walks out on the glass. The duck doesn't care it'll just walk out on the glass while it's an aquatic animal, and so, if there's depth underneath it, it doesn't really bother a duck. But if you put a here, the instant on their old enough to crawl the human said will look over and that's not going on that glass. I'd say: well, what is it see and you could say it sees a space between the two tables and in furs that it might fall, but it's like eight months old, What the hell's insincerity not know it's not. It sees a place to fall off up and that's that's Gibsons fundamental point is that you don't see a cliff. You see a falling off

ice. And, of course, why? Wouldn't you see that? Because, if that is What you saw you wouldn't be here because one of you- dopey ancestors would have wandered off the cliff and died the ones saw a falling off place. They just stay away from that and you know if you vertical? And even if you don't, if Europe, on this thirty fifth floor of an apartment building and you walk out onto the balcony- it's real interesting to notice your perception, because you might think. While you see the the space and you become fraid. It's like. No, you don't. You are closer to it in your body, your you. See the damn thing with your body, and you can also see it, but you perceive it with your body. It's like don't go there don't go, closer their whole There's an automatic mapping of that place onto do this go away from there and that's underneath. Faster than the of the actual quote, conscious object perception so anyways

everything about Gibsons book that I love is. He is so clear that guy such a good writer, because it takes you through a very complex argument, but just a prestige example of reasoning. It's the whole book is reasoning. It's brilliant, brilliant anyway. So if you want some background on that idea, the idea of perception of Utility- let's say that's a great place to look, but it's also worth Thinking about it from a biological perspective because a bloody while of course, you're going to see the world as what matters because you're the sort of creature that cares about what matters mostly because you don't want to die so you can't remove the fact that you don't want to I from your perceptions, while if you did when you can imagine what would happen if you did, you know you, you do something like under off a falling off place, and that would be the end of you. So it's built into your damn perceptions, and so it's built into the facts that you see because there's an inn

a number of facts, and so even just selecting the facts. That's an ethical issue, so it's actually matters practically too, because one of the things that I have To understand about political arguments is well say people say well, they the the person on the other side of the ideological, logical continuum has different opinions than I do. It's like? No, they don't or maybe they do but they don't see the same facts because the filter they used to select, among the infinite number of available facts, preference,

Lee presents them with the facts that are relevant to them and that's already built into their ethic, and so one of the horrible things about political discussions is that you actually having a discussion about what the facts argue say what the facts are the same for everyone's like yeah, it's like saying, I have an infinite library of books and you can come into it. It's like what you gonna pick out. The same book seems highly improbable and that's the problem with facts is like this. Just a lot of them. You know we try to do something, let like untangle the Israel, Palestine conflict being one of them. Things you just start with his like. Ok, how far back you didn't go. Well, I would say depends more argument. You want to make you know if you want to make argument able back a hundred years, if you wanna make argued Beagle back three thousand years and then I have an argument about which timescale you should use, but it's not like it's obvious in always ten years is it one years that six months is like? Is it's not three things?

yours is a two thousand nine hundred and ninety nine years like where the borders of relevancy when you're lying the landscape of the argument. God only knows it's intractable. And you know partly the way you're temperament solve that problem, because, does it say: wild creature creature, like you with your temperament, preferentially attempts to this set of facts and not a word because attending to that sort of facts, likely to produce a reasonable outcome for you in most circumstances and its away that you simplify the world and make a tremendous the relevant a priori filters get good. Now the next cool thing. What happens when you it all you're happy what happens when you see an obstacle you're unhappy, And they are now, you understand, emotions and that's all that that doesn't take months. That's once you ve got this initial for

markets like ok. Well, what's an emotion for positive move forward, negative, get away! Indeterminate! Stop! That's anxiety! Stop you dont know you're. Not where do you think you are your map isn't producing the desired outcome? It's wrong. What did you do you don't know star because if you don't know where to go no point going anywhere and then what prepare that's anxiety, stop prepare while people hate that, because, while for obvious reasons prepare for what everything? Yeah very very demanding cycle physiologically and It's also something that's really worth knowing its like anxiety you're, just a psychological state. That's unpleasant! It's like your revved up.

And you're burden resources like mad and you're in a biochemical state such that that's optimized, for quick action, but that's toxic if you inhabited for any length of time so not knowing what to do. That is not good, and it isn't just that it makes you feel bad. It hurts you with damages. You can kill you it'll make you age, it'll make you fat it'll give you die beat it'll suppress your immune system, so you're more likely to develop cancer. It'll dammit your brain, your hippocampus. It will increase the probability that you have Alzheimer's. It's like It's no joke that! it's your running, your machinery faster than you can replenish it. So it's not a state that you can be in it. It's not a state. You can tolerate, because its anxious anxiety, its banks, but is also not a state. You can live it and so I dont know where I am means everything's relevant and I,

after ramp up my capacity for action to deal with that bad people do not like that. We do not like not to be Where we think we are, we really really really don't like that and we structure almost over environments constantly, so that never happened, no role rest the same with tiny, tiny variations. You know we all the same traffic laws, everybody's behaving according to the proper code in this room and everyone in this building is doing the same thing. It's like we're doing. Everything we can to make sure Everyone knows exactly where they are and what you're doing all the time and that's because when we're in that state, we can advance cautiously using positive things and maintain a modicum of positive emotion. That's what we're break basically trying to do. Ok, so you want to set up your world so that you are surrounded by Is that move you along your way that the obstacles are minimized in that almost

Nothing can be ignored. Okay, so emotion, positive emotion, that's dopamine Ergic, that's enough, to reward. You experience it in relationship to a goal because, most of the time when you talk to behavioral psychologist tell you rewarding reward is association. Consequence, your hungry. You get a piece of food, that's reward like that's! That's consumer! Tory reward. That shuts down the motivational system. Its satiating. It makes you satisfied that The same is incentive reward incentives, Lord says: come this way come this way. Good things are over here. Good things are over here, that's dopamine Ergic and that's the kind of reward people really like we live for that so when you talk about positive meaning in your life, is an over simplified but a tremendous amount of that is incentive reward you're in a goal directed structure to value structures, let's say its fairly well device, because you're sophisticated everything you

Who is linked to something else? You move ahead, it works, guess you move ahead. It works yes and it's that constant, moving ahead and the validation of the frame that makes your life meaningful, and so that also means your value system. No positive, emotion,. Which is another thing that so much worth knowing you know the postman. Ernest complain about value systems constantly and they say while the with a value system is that it includes some people winners and excludes other people losers. Sick. Yes, that's true what's the answer flag and a value system, so there's no losers. Fine, no winners either and if there is no the value system is flat. There's no point be what they are. We going to do, where's your positive emotion, you're, nuts, Did you wander around being happy that the value systems flat it's like no you're, not

because, when you flat no value systems, you dont get rid of suffering, because you can't all you get rid of is the possibility of pause. Motion and that is not a good solution. So then you leave people with nothing, but negative, emotion. It's so naive, ok, good. So now we know you're going from point a to point B. Doing that with an action. If, if things are working out, you see facilitators along the way that you can utilise your poet. You gonna kick a positive emotion, you know when you can, you can even see that calibrated like let's say you do better than expected on a test. Yes, it's like That's better than doing as well as you expected, because what the messages, not only in my moving towards my desired goal, but I'm moving along faster and with less effort than I thought. Psych, bang, positive reinforcement. Yes, that's it! That's meaning! That's a big chunk

meaning and saw a really meaningful event is one that gets you to the next step. And simultaneously increases the probability that you're going to get to all the steps. After that, that's like absolutely meaningful event. So you know you get Tom you're. Putting an envelope about whether not you got into medical school like you're, go on like this right. Why? Why are you shaking an envelope? No, it's! Not it's! A portal right, it's a portal and what's in that envelope easier puts you that way into one world or that way into another, and you think you're, looking at it Well, that's an envelope! It's like your bodies in thinking that not for a bloody second, it knows perfectly well that that's a portal and the opening up its like collapse. The whole. What would you call it that whole avatar related future discos ashes or

Bang, it springs into reality perceive that and not you perceive all of that almost instantaneously and that produces that radical transformation and emotion, not reacting to the Philip or maybe the envelope isn't what you think it is, or maybe the envelope isn't what you see and that's more accurate. That's way more. Accurate. The envelope is way more than what you see. Ok, good, let's break for fifty minutes, ok and then will we'll go ahead with the next part of this. While so that's it. The transformation of the previous diagram while you're moving around long from what is to what should be will say as long

things are working out. Well then your mildly happy and if they don't work out well, then your doubts that that's another problem. You see these are different sizes. There is reason for that, and that's because negative emotion has more potency unit for unit than positive emotion does, and so what that means is that pay? are more reactive, people hate a small lost more than they like an equivalent gained, and so we're tilted to some degree towards a biased for negative emotion, and that is also dependent on

temperament because somebody who's very, very low in neurotic autism. That's basically anxiety and emotional pain susceptibility, something like that. So that would be the threshold for experiencing a certain level of anxiety or emotional pain, but also the length of time it would take to recover it. Something like that and so, but for this standard, human being lost heard more than gain rewards, and so well, it's useful to know that, because it helps you x, it helps you understand yourself in and other human beings, even if you're trying to motivate someone to do something, loss avoidance is often a powerful motivation as well as gate, so prevention, fundamentally, ok. So now here is another way of thinking about this, and this is a more abstract way of thinking about it. So we talked about the idea that the world might be divided into tools and and and obstacles

irrelevant thinks most of which and irrelevant things. That's a huge category and it's the one you don't wanna have disrupted and also that the mystical category produces more emotion than the tool category. But here is another way of thinking about it, and this is thinking about it more from a purely emotional perspective when, when you think about the world s tools, it's it's practical and it sort of ground in the idea of motor usage and in some sense, but you can, you can think in an illogical fashion, about the same system in a slightly different matter. You're in this situation that you're in right now and that's not good enough, and so that's another thing that kind of interesting about people is chronically dissatisfied with the way things are well. That's! Ok because you wouldn't be motivated to move forward. If you weren't chronically dissatisfied,

the ways that things are, but it's kind of annoying. You know cuz, you might think we'll. Why aren't you just happy with what you have and answer that is generally cuz? I don't know if it's going to last and so that's part of it, and the other is well. If the situation shifted a bit me. They have more options, and some of that would be, it would last longer be more stable, would be more promising So you can say, while you should be satisfied with what you have the kind of really stupid thing in some sense, to tell human beings, because no matter what you have it isn't going to solve your fundamental problem so the problem isn't going away, and you can't just pull yourself into saying. Well what I have his great you could say I could have a hell of a lot less and now be bad and most people have a lot less than me, and I should be grateful for what I have. That's fine, that's perfectly reasonable, but you're stuck in this you're stuck with this chronic sense of unfinished business and the reason for

that is why your permanently vulnerable. So how else would you how? How could it be otherwise and if you ve got your problem solved, then there's three or four people in your family that by no means have got their problem solved. So the problem of problems never goes away. That's an existence! I that's got a good thing to know existentialist too, because it helps you calibre your life properly, because you might be thinking well. If I just got everything together, you know I'd hit some plateau of association, instability in and then I would just be there No, that's never going to happen. It's never going to happen, so you might as well just forget about that. What you can it's a sisyphus issue. You know the guy who pushes the rock up the road and it up the hill, and it rolls back down with nature, who said we must presume Is it to be happy something like that? What made me want to push your damn rock up a hill. You know, what's going to roll down again psych what you gonna do just sit there by the rock it's ok to be active, even even

the problem you are trying to solve is not fundamentally solvable. That doesn't mean it isn't worth trying to solve, for, although people can despair about it- and it's not surprising, ok, so another way that I should really said instead of predicted, come here. This is like an old model. This would be a model that derive from work that was done at least initially in the sixties, aren't even in the forties, and that still underlies the thinking up. I've, I would say the vast majority of psychologists. It isn't that you're, predicting outcomes and and and failing it's not that it's that you desire outcome and sometimes you get an undesirable outcome and it's really important to get that distinction. Correct, because if you're thinking about expectation is just a cold cognitive model, psycho national model. I know the world, I understand its relationships. I can predict what's going to happen next, if it and that's what I'm trying to was predicted. It's like no you're, not you're, not trying to predicted you're trying to get what you want from it.

And there's a prediction element to that which is well. You know, I'm gonna pick that up. So that's a prediction and their that work verifying my prediction, but But what's missing, there is, I want to pick them up and you can throw that out of the equation, because sooner he's real motivation out of the equation than you stuck with the mystery of perception rights. How do you organizer perceptions unless you want something? We can't you don't get to get rid of the want and just substitute called expectation. It's a sleight of hand and the cognitive behaviorist do that they must always do that. That's how they well, it's not like a conspiracy. Anything is perfectly reasonable to have a simplified model for the way that people act, but you don't want to throw motivation and emotion out of the equation because, obviously, or embodiment there, so important, okay, so forget, predicted and unprotected think desired. An undesired okay. So I come walking in here and I have

This low level desire, which is to make my way to my podium with the least amount of effort necessary, and I see that that. Chairs in the way and its mildly, annoying, and so there's something undesired there. So the desired outcome produces positive emotion, its promise. What's technically speaking, you could also think about it as hope. Its related to the attainment of a goal. It indicates the potential attainment of go, that's what hope is or what promises hope is. I can probably attain the school promises promises. If something is promising, it indicates to you that you can probably attain the goal or, if someone, makes a promise to you then they're telling you that they're going to facilitate movement towards a goal, and so that's the emotional although the dopamine Ergic system works on again its promise or hope or or technically it's called incentive reward that that's the technical term, but it's the indication that Something good is going to happen while so, when I see a clear pathway, then I know I can

my goal: prettier fish leaned, so it's going produce just a while to produce enough positive emotion to make me walk forward. That's that's the right amount. So, and so it's interesting, so you can actually use this when you're thinking about room, design or house design, like so you're in a room you think, while what am I gonna use this room for, like ok, sort that out well, then you want to make pathways to that use is clear and prestige is as possible. You want to put in some interesting variation just for decoration, but fundamentally what you're trying to do is to set up the environment so that it facilitates the actions you intend to. Pursue their if you go into your room and it's all covered with stacks of paper and they're, all messy, you know, and you know the bad isn't hidden and there's rubbish everywhere by your definition of rubbish, then you're, doing basically is walking into a room of snakes and it's the same system that responding to all

those undone things that would respond to snakes. You know not like a cobra. Right beside you, but it's the same. Damn circuitry, that's the circuitry that responds to chaos. It's the risk, the circuitry that responds to the dragon of chaos that made you uncomfortable in a room like that. It's it's not explored Tori. It's not a place where you can easily see the proper relationship between the tools and the obstacles. It's not a place that you can make things irrelevant, not at all. In fact it's was full of obstacles for how are even be comfortable in room like that. It's full of things that guinea way of your goals you're gonna be nervous in there all the time. So it's like it's the envelopes that you haven't opened and most of them have bad news in you're, not gonna, be comfortable in a room like that. You think why can't you just ignore those envelopes like well, it's a stupid way of looking at it. So promise produces hopes.

Pleasure. Curiosity all the incentive reward, related emotion, sort of fitting that box and then undesired outcomes produce threat their threats and they produce anxiety but that's not even exactly right. That's it a man tree discussion of the all of comparative systems in the brain which will talk about in more detail, the general notion is, is that the violation of an expectation produces anxiety, and that's a pretty good mortal and you it's got some support from the cycle. Physiological pharmacological literature, because if you give animals anti anxiety, agents like benzodiazepines or alcohol or perpetuates they do. Spawned less to the Relation of quote expectancy, it does dampen the response, but. But it's over simplified model and to get understanding.

Human behavior correct, you have to expand it a bit. It isn't precisely that unpredictable come as a threat and it produces anxiety. It's that unpredict outcome makes the irrelevant all and it produces an undifferentiated emotional and motivational state. It's a better way of thinking about, because it isn't just that you, you don't just get anxious, for example, if something goes wrong You could anxious you get angry. You get curious, you get frustrated. You get depressed like whole bursting forward of emotions and motivational states, and that's because when something doesn't work that way it's supposed to even when you just encounter an obstacle, it means that you're the way that you can drawing the landscape is wrong in some manner and you don't

exactly know what you're going to have to do in order to fix out unless it's a very trivial trivial violation- and you know it's one- that you know immediately how to redress like a fine again. So I come around the and I look at the chair and I am annoyed because it's in the way, you might say, Well, how annoyed should I get? An answer should be something like you're. Annoyance should be in proportion to the amount of time and energy. It will take to move that chair right, cause, that's kind of like a proper perception, so slight I should be that annoyed. I should be annoyed enough so that I've indexed doing that, because that

has actually takes some time and energy and that actually has a cost and the fact that I have to pay that costs should be signified by something, because otherwise I wouldn't be sensitive to costs, and so the annoyance, if it's in proportion to the effort, is exactly index property. Now often, unfortunately, you don't know how to index. So you have an old car you driving to work, someone bumps you from behind and then your car doesn't work like well, how annoyed should you get you dont know that's a problem, and so then, all of a sudden, a bunch of things that were irrelevant. Which is the whole damn car poof, become relevant. Plus you have to deal with this person that just read into you and what are they like? Well they're, stupid enough to run into you, so you don't know what else might be wrong with them and maybe they're going to be a bunch of trouble and you have to get their insurance information and now you're on the side of the road and you dont know if you're going to go to work, and so that's when you're on oceans can unravel because they're trying to compute the effort it

and time you're going to have to take in order to rectify this, and this span this that what you'd call domain, that is opening up as a consequence of the problem isn't easy to map, and so you get stressed you go home. Is our distressful stressful day in the person says what happened? Well, someone hit me on the highway. They all that's terrible. They figure that out like. While I was in this little map, it was only this long, but just from here to hear and all of a sudden boom how do you know where I was or how many places I was gonna have to wander around even before I could get that map working again. But the car is an invisible predicate of multiple tension future baths as well right? It's an axiom. You make the map Presuming that you have the car in the car isn't a metal thing with wheels. The car is conveyance for moving you from point a to point b and the fact that you have all the

Maps of moving from point a to b that are predicated on that conveyance means that when it turns into a car instead of a conveyance Poof, all those maps become extremely complicated as well, and so your body goes well, I'm why landscape is way more complex than I thought up goes. The heart rate oppose the cortisol, all of that right and your more paralyzed and you can like, if you're neurotic person, let's say something like that, can just paralyse you you're done. You have to phone, someone for emergency help, which means you're in a map that you cannot put your map back together. You have to call on outside help in order to do it so you might not even know how to do that. So that's another wait! Now! Here's another way of thinking about you, stay inside this little map because its working want to get from point a to point. It will be, and this is good this index.

It's that you are moving forward. That's the first thing it indicates, and the second thing it decades, which is even more important and you'll, never hear this from behavioral psychologists- is that your map is correct so every time you move a little bit forward and something that you want happens, it says all became. I'm is the right gave, and so not only does the reward indicate progress. It indicates that the framework in which progress has been calculated is the right frame, and that's good, because it's the frame that makes things irrelevant and you want them to stay irrelevant- so if you don't move forward and you start to question the frame that's way worse than merely not moving forward, you get about exam great. What do you think? What Am I doing in university anyways, like probably that's, not the first place, you should go with that piece of information and you think we'll why. Why is that worse? Well, as far as I can tell. Your map of you as university student is a comprehensive,

presentation. It tells you what you should do every day kind of tells you where you're going in the future and if something just as in the normally you get worse great than you expected and you blow that whole map. It's like, ok, what have you been doing for the last four years? What kind of high school student were you clueless. Are you about how you arranging your future? What's your eye, Are you going to be if you're not gonna, be a student where you can end up in five years like so it's like that little grey. That bad great is like a portal through which snakes can crawl. That's Actually how you respond to it, especially if you open the door to much will. Maybe this means that I should being university. Well, one of the rules is, don't you wanna? You want to constrain the enormous event to the minimum necessary domain really really important, you want to do that when you are arguing with your partner, which will do all the time we have been arguing. Well, I should never have married you like. No, no, that's not the first response. That's a ban!

response or here's a really good one. You ve always done that sort of thing and you always will strike good great. It's like the only answer to that is the hit someone because, like you're done right, you're you're, like that, you ve always been like that there is a chance that you can be repaired and none of it is acceptable. Psych, the person's going to fight with you right away, because what so they gonna do so you what you want to do as you want to minimize it isn't rationalization. You want to say, ok, this person did something that disrupted our joint map. Ok, what's the smallest possible thing, they could do to put it back together and you have to know well, we need to make a plan. So you don't do again or we need to have a discussion so that you know that it wasn't a good thing to do, but I'm not going to go after your whole character. I'm going to say when I come home. And you re watching tv is coming.

Lord say hello, not don't you love me or something like that. It's like! No, no, you just have to walk to the door and they give me a hunger or something and then that's good enough. And so then the other person might be to tolerate that much corrective information, maybe if you're kind of nice about it- and you also understand that they're probably going have something equally horrible to say about you in the next fifty minutes, because you're going to do something stupid So so you don't wanna. You dont want to open the door so that every possible snake comes crawling through because that's a pathway to depression, and you actually see that happening in depressed people but every small event produces a cascade through their entire value system and they saying: well, that's just another reason that I should jump off the bridge and they really see it that way. It's really awful because they ve got no defences. It's like well, I didn't do so well in this course. It's like I'm gonna get a bad marking the or in the exam gonna get bad marking the course that's going

grew up. My ability to finish my degree are never going to get into the field of my choice. It's just another piece of indication. I'm useless and that life isn't worth while saying I'm going to jump off a bridge and if you're really depressed it's like each of those things hits you with the certainty of truth. It's really not good, and so you want to be careful. You want to be careful about walking down that pathway, When you make a mistake, you think ok, what's the narrowest framework of interpretation within which I can I can understand this there will require minimal behavioral change to decrease the probability that it will happen again. It's mental hygiene. Fundamentally, yes, yeah we'll get to that. We'll get to that. That is the next question. It's because they don't exist in isolation. So that's another thing frequently went when you when you hear behavioral accounts of cognitive processes. They generally only focus on is as if it's an isolated, think not

It exists, scalable. It scalable a bunch of ways. It scalable temporarily because what you do now is associated with what you'll do tomorrow and that with what you'll do next week and so forth. So ass to be scalable temporarily, and its also said noble, socially right. So it has effect on you. That has an effect on your family that has an effect on the community and so forth, and so you don't want to take its very difficult to think through the effect of Iraq all those scale level simultaneously, but but have mechanisms that allow you to do that and will see. I think that the sense of let's assume that you're not line to yourself constantly so your head isn't chaos and garbage, and you have reasonable relationships with people in the world. I think that this is leaping. We head but your sense of meaningful engagement with what you're doing is the cycle. Physic

logical marker that you're, acting in a way that takes all of the stacked representations into account simultaneously because you're we're your you're, like you're, trying to figure out where you are, and you might think what means where I am in this room, but look. This room is not a simple thing right: it's nested, it's it's a sums of the university. That's a subset of society. It's a subset of your life. The room is a complicated thing. Need to figure out where you should be in the room, and you can't do that should surely with perception is all you see is. Me and some of the wall right. It's. You got this little narrow, this little narrow portal and You can't really rely on your perceptions to orient you, but you do or yourself and I think what you do is you it. Its engagement it's like. Does this seem meaningful and deep and engaging yes, then it's an indication that its.

Having multiple masters simultaneously, so both make we both socially and also temporarily, and so think the sense of meaning is actually an instinct that orients people in time and space. It's not an app phenomena it's the most fundamental form of perception and that's the only optimistic thought that I've ever been able to derive from psychology is it that actually could be it could be that the sense of meaning is an oriental reflex. And that would be wonderful if it was true, because it would make it real in own, it's one of them. You know that The devastating elements of nihilism is something like one who the hell cares. What you're doing what difference is going to make it a million years? It's like your sense of meeting is just an illusion. You know you're you're, a limited creature in a limited place and nothing you do really matters, psych, that's a powerful argument, especially if you're an object

materialist and a reductionist. It's a killer argument, but it looks to me like it's wrong. It's actually wrong because meaning looks to me like it's. An actual phenomena does say that you're your position properly between chaos in order something like that, it's a real so well so we'll see we're gonna develop that argument, because if, if it's real, you want to know that because it gives you some to stand on an old, maybe it's a real is pain, but it's not pain at something positive, and you need something positive that you can rely on our right, so We're concentrating now on the unpredictable outcome,

when the undesired outcome, because we said well, that's like a portal right it it's a portal through which doubt can poor and it's the thing that makes the irrelevant relevant again, and so that's why I use this little diagram like oh, that's, that's a fear face roughly speaking and I put although Strike Xanadu indicate that it's not just fear its preparation for all sorts of different. For all sorts of different perceptions and all sorts of different motivational state so magic. What happens when something knocked you back on your heels? It's like! Not only does it already prepared, but simultaneously with all that preparation, all sorts of fat. Caesar generated like and what they are. Sort of alternative world. Well. Why did this happen? You go back into your past me Well, here's one wrote what here's another route! Here's another reappears! Another reappears another route, I don't know what I did wrong. I dont know what anybody did wrong, but the something back there that someone did wrong it can take people used to sort that out,

so those fantasies are all generated and then the same thing happens with the future like what what does this mean well could mean as it could mean that it could mean I'm getting divorced, could mean I'm losing. My house could mean I'll, never talk to my kids again. It could mean that my career is going to collapse. Or maybe I'll get be able get out of this stupid job that I've always hated. Something better will happen all this, time. So that's that's the response to a normally and the reason you respond that ways, because you're no longer where you thought you were. Ok, so there is a simple way of looking at it. So what what does and predicted or enormous event mean, and I think this is This may be the most important thing. The most important theme of the entire class might be. What doesn't on predicted or undesired outcome me. The only thing that would be equally important is what should you do about it, but will start with what it means,

answer is what you don't know what it means could mean anything and that's a straw category right. The decay, The glory of enormous events. Contains indefinite possibility, so what they do you do about that, while you prepared, you a variety of things. You can simplify and say. Well, it's half threat because something bad might happen in half promise, because something good might happen Ok, so that's a good way of thinking about it's a portal, all the sudden is The thing being irrelevant, the thing is ambivalent. It contains slice of all possible meanings: positive and negative. Okay, so you're trying to sort that out. That's partly white, so stressful, too and anger is a good response to that, because There is partly a its partly in advance emotion, so it's got a positive motion element, which is why anger can be righteous. You know, gotta negative element to its negative emotion and positive emotion at the same thing same time. So it's like the cat, canonical stress, emotion. So, but it's very hard on people, anger, it's very

cycle physiologically demanding, so I started with that model, and then I developed into this morning, which I like better so you're. Moving from you haven't seen this because it's not in the book. From point a to point b and you're using your actions. They are known actions to get there. Okay and what happens? you run into an anomaly and it's like a whole whole through the map. It's like a whole is burned in it or something like that and the maximum irrelevant, and so what happens? While your positive emotion systems are activated or DIS, inhibited, that's a better way of thinking about it and your negative emotion systems or DIS inhibited. And what might those be well in positive emotion? You have hope and interest in exhilaration of curiosity, confidence in the negative emotional space you of anxiety and fear and hurt and anger and guilt and shame and disappointment and disgust like there's quite a stacking of emotions

and you don't know which of those is gonna, be useful in relevant, and so it all emerges at the same time now one of the questions that was being Begged, let's say by this discussion- was the idea of The relationship between these frames of reference to one another I'm going to describe that relationship, because one of the things that I want to describe to you is how you determine how upset you, be when something anomalous happens, because it's really hard to figure out right. So because, while you see this autumn, especially if you're unsophisticated didn't in dispute settlement with an intimate partner. Every little bump on the relationship is the potential dissolution of the entire relationship. That's actually white people get married, you know just so. You know because this is built into marital bows not leaving ever no matter what psych, ok

all that differently puts a boundary around our arguments? Right because I can't say every time you manifest one of your flaws, which you are likely to do just as often as me. Well enough for this that's horrible manner if your whole life is while every and you get out outline I'm I'm out of here How the hell are you first volley you're not going to admit to ever doing anything wrong? Second you're gonna be on your you like I like scared cat, the entire relationship because well, who knows it could come to an end at any moment. Like you know, People say well, if you're, if the possibility of divorce is open, it makes you free like yeah that you want. You want to be free really really, so you can predict anything, that's what you're. After it's a vow- and it said Look. I know that you're trouble me too. So We won't leave.

No matter what happens. Well, that's a hell of a vile, but that's why it's about right! That's where you take it in front of the bunch of people! That's why it's supposed to be a sacred act like what's the alternative, what's the alternative, everything is mutable changeable at any moment Well, go ahead, you live. We live your life like that and see what you like when your fifty Jesus, it's dismal, two or three divorces, your family's fragmented. You got no continuity of narrative its end, it's not good for the kids, not by any stretch of the imagination, and so it's a form voluntary enslavement. I suppose, but it's also equivalent to the adoption of a responsibility and there's more to it than that. If you can't run away, then you can solve your problems, because it might be ok. Well, I'm stuck with you. So how about we fix things, because the alternative is we're going

in a boxing match for the next forty years. That's the alternative so and you think you're going to fix problems without something like that hanging over your head. There isn't a chance you'll just avoid, because that's what people do it's really hard to solve problems, especially in a relationship we're having a fight find out that its you know, because here you are abused by your uncle when you were five or some goddamn thing. You know it's like it. It's very frequent. That sort of thing happens. You there's the partner, your partners, you know manifest. Some weird anomalous behavior you just can't make heads or tails of it. It doesn't seem related to what you're doing it all. They don't want to talk about it and so ass soon ass, you bring it up, they get mad men. You bring. Began the even get matter, and they tell you that they are not going to talk about that they're going to leave, and so maybe you really really persistent, because you kind of a son of a bitch and then they break down and cry you know, and then they have this horrible memory that comes flooding forward, it's completely, you don't know what to do with that, and then you have to sort it out. So you think you're going to do that.

There's a good reason. You have to know Sort this out and we're gonna be carrying it around for the next forty years, Maybe is enough motivation, so you're actually try hard to solve the problem It's a lot easier to say. Well, sorry, we're not go in there, but then when you will have it every day, every day, every goddamn day for the rest of your life anyways back to this all right. So what's the relationship between your frames of reference? Well, we can. We can well we let's do it. This way could see if I can think of a good of a good example, why you get up this. Ok, why? Why did you want to come to class This glass, ok, so we want to come the serious question. What did you want to come to class.

Tune to get the knowledge that is going to be? That is something I'm going to be tested on. Is there any reason other than the testing that you came to class, it's. Ok, you can start. This is not a trap, I'm you can say whatever you want. I'm just stood there just there just straight questions ok, let's say nor for the time being or not, for reasons that you can immediately bring to mind. Ok, why is the test matter ok. What is why does? Why do you care about the degree Kay decision was that used to the degree that you're taking Europe's ok did your parents have any influence on that? No ok, ok,

what job you, after clinical clinical I call this. Why do you want to do that again? you know, I'm gonna question you till you run out of answers. You will run out of answer. So if this is the time, that's fine, why do you wanted? What do you want? do clinical psychology to help people. Ok, ok, why is that more important than making money? because it helps me how It makes me happy to see you get over there. Ok, ok or good good woman we got you, you have lots of answer. So sometime You can run people out of answers with about three questions, so all right, so small action perception, nested in larger action perception nested in larger action perception all the way out to, while till you run out of answers fundamentally right, so in that's worth it at the edge where you run out of answers. That's where metaphysics takes over.

There's no you're, not an irrational domain anymore. You're. In a metaphor, domain at that point, and so you, implicit assumptions that you don't even know about that are working on on on the fringes and we'll talk about that. Ok, so so, then we can take a category like we'll do a micro analysis. The same way so you're at home and you're telling the baby right, so we're not. First, that's not an abstraction right. There actual baby and your moving your fingers? And so that's not just an abstract conceptualisation. It's it's also where you're consciousness and You're tackling the baby, but you don't know how you doing you don't know the musculature. You dont know how to manipulate the organs and everything you can just do it so bay you're out of the perceptual domain. At that point, it grounds out in voluntary action.

Tackling the baby. What are you doing when you're tackling the baby, while you're making the baby laugh? Ok, that's one way, you're playing with the baby, okay. So fine! That's subset of the activity play with baby and you can play payable. The baby you you can tackle the maybe you can clean the baby, those and all of that can be part of playing. And you might say well what are you doing when you're playing with a baby- and you say well, I'm taking care of my family and fine, then you think well what what are you doing when you're taking care of your family- and you might say well, I'm being a good parent and then you might say what what am I doing when I'm being a good parent, you might say: well, I'm being a good person and then you could say why should you be a good person, but we won't go any further than that sort because you can see that that sort, the in some sense that's an ultimate level of abstraction. Ok, so you can. What do you do that someone comes up to new tickling the baby and you say: well, I'm being a good person what they ask

you do it, I'm being a good person like it's a bit this disjointed it isn't what the person would expect an answer. They expect something more local, but it's still true, and so what's interesting. Is that when you're doing something, that's what I would say worthwhile. That's probably the right way of thinking about it, you're doing a whole bunch of things simultaneously. And you're not really aware of all those things, but you are in some sense. You know because if the person support someone might come along say well, what can you idiot tackles a baby like that? It's like well, what have they

said, while they kind of mail you hear down on micro, tickle level, but their sort of also taking a pretty good crack at this high level system as well. Now and that's a problem so let's say well, good parent is a subset of being a good person, but there's all sorts of other baby. You have to be a good partner, maybe have to be a good daughter. Maybe you have to be a good niece. You know you're you're Your ability to function as a good person is composed of a very large number of hierarchically, nested subsystems, and so when the person goes, only an idiot would tackle the baby like that, and they go after that. You might think. Well, how upset you should should you get an answer is or how what do you think their complaint is so, let's say, maybe only an idiot. What tackle a baby like that, and you happen to be that idiot and so

maybe you're, not a good person, and so what does that mean? It means that the map that consists of all these nested subsystems has now become unreliable and so hops are you gonna get about that? Well, you know maybe had a bad day at work in your kind of hypocrisy making you had too much to drink. Night before, and so someone says, you know, that's not how you take a baby, you idiot and you cry well, why? Well, It's a pretty high level blow, and so it's the sort of You want to do if you want to do. If you want to hurt someone, it's not a good way to teach someone cause, you teach them down at the smallest possible level, the micro! No! No! You don't tickle a baby like that, oh baby, like this, you do a good job on everything else, but if you're gonna take a baby, this is how you go about it in a person thinks well, you know I'm due to fairly good but I've got this little thing I have to work on and maybe

can manage it, and so that works and that without works, and you can have some sympathy for the person at the same time, because you might say well, I used to tickle babies like an idiot too, but you know it's it's fixable Most of you is ok and that's a nice thing to do when you're arguing with someone you say, look. Here is a bunch of things. You're doing right that are related to this. That are important

here is a small thing that maybe you could alter slightly, and it would make me happy and maybe all return the favour at some point they think are well, maybe maybe I'll do that, maybe and then they practice doing it. You can give them a pat on the head and then you're both happy about that. That really works with people. It really works. So so what you see is that these high level abstractions, let's call them ethical abstractions- are related to actions there related, and so you can see that relationship from the good person to doing something like tickled the baby properly, and then you can. You can conceptualize it this way that you have this massive overarching map, which is something like the story of your life, including its extension future, and then it consists of these subordinate maps which can be broken down

down to the level of actions, and so then that explains to you to some degree how you can do the impossible job of calibrating your emotional response, because, roughly speaking, your emotional response should be proportionate to the level of its being salted by the anomaly right, if its way up here, you your euro, your m cap, because you want to go to medical school right, and so now the envelope comes and you're shaking away and the open. And it's like you, got twenty five percent I'll, just like a quarter of the people who take the test. What what does that mean? Well This is serve all blown dale, that's for sure, and so God only knows how many of these things are going to go to. Maybe your study habits really need to be in all. You have to recast

do yourself all the way down to the level of your habits? It can be devastating news now, one of the ways to protect yourself against something like that is like. Don't have one plan right if you're going to stake yourself on something, you should throw a couple of alternative scaffolds up beside you so that you have somewhere to go. You want to be a doctor, ok! Well, you could be it Yes, it's like it's, not a doctor, but it beats cutting your throat you're still doing. Eighty percent of what you wanted to do. So you want it, and you want to think about this during your whole life, then, if you're going to take a high risk, you want to scaffold yourself and other areas so that if it fails, you don't bottom doesn't drop out. You die, and it is also very much worth thinking about with regards to setting up your life in general, it's like. If you concentrate solely on your career, you can get a long way in your career and I would say that that's a strategy

A minority of men preferentially, do that's that's all they do. They works like seventy eight hours a week they go. Flat out under career their staking everything on small probability of exceptional. Artists in a narrow domain, but it's hard on they don't have a life, it's very difficult for them to have a family. They don't how to take any laser activity like they get very one dimensional now it may be that that unit dimensionality is the price you have to pay to be exceptional at one thing right, because if you're going to be something like a genius level mathematician- and you want to do that for or a scientists say- it's like you're in your lab you're in your lab all the time you working seventy hours a week for eighty hours a week, you're smart, you're dedicated unit dimensional and that's how you get to beat all the other people who are doing that it's the only way, but the problem is you don't get a life now

If you love being a scientist- and you have that kind of focus of mind, but first of all, you're a real person and second you're gonna pay for it, but find more power to you. But but it's it's a risky business. To do that, you sacrifice a lot for it. You know- and I would say most often if speaking about having a healthy life that isn't what you do. You spread yourself out more, so you know you have a family, you have some things that you do outside of work that are meaningful to you and useful you. You have a network of friends of that that those three things loner four things loner plenty to keep you well oriented and then, if one of those things collapses, you know everything doesn't go now the price you pay for that is the more you strive to optimize that balance. The less

Michael, you are to be fantastically successful at any single one of them, but you might have a very you know if you can consider your life as a whole. That might be winning strategy. One of the things Karl. You said I really like this. He thought that men went after perfection and win women went after wholeness, so their different their different value. There did their different there's something different at the top of the veil, hierarchy, so perfection would be stake it all in one thing in and look for radical success. Not ought not that all men do that because they don't. But what we're talking about extremes and, at least with regard to the men, do that a whole new ideas more like well. I want I want it's like but one thing in my life to be a hundred and fifty percent or more Five things in my life to be eighty percent well

there's a lot more richness in a life where you have five things operating at eighty percent, but you're not operating in any of at any of them at a hundred and fifty percent. So, and I really believe this, because I've watched men and women go through their careers now for a long period of time and one of the things that there's lots of things that produce this. But one of the things that I have noticed is that mostly women in their thirties bear bail out of unit dimensional careers. They won't do them, they won't. Put in the eighty hours a week that they would have to put in an order to dominate that particular area, and it isn't the reason that they won't do. It is because they decide it's not worth it and no wonder, because why would that be worth it you have to ask yourself that strike while you wanna be an outstanding scientists, like ok, really rare. Really that's what you want, because that means that Where you do cause you're competing with other people in all their smart, their hard working and if you want to be,

The talk you have to be smarter and work harder than any of them and working hard means working. Long hours mean it also means working diligently, but in the final analysis, it's all also an additive issue. If I'm smart and hard working- and I can crank out for seventy hours a week- and you do it for Thirty- is like in two years, I'm so far ahead of you- you will never ever catch up so anyways. I think partly may be part of the reason to that women are oriented that way more than man. I think there's two reasons as one is: socio economic status does not make women more attractive and the mating market, but does make men more attractive and the second is women's timeframe is compressed right. You guys, We say what I'll have kids later and they can say that till they're like eighty, whereas women, it's like no way man, you got to get it. You got to get it together by the time you're, let's say forty, but really probably by thirty five, but definitely by forty cuz. Otherwise, it ain't happening and that's bloody, dreadful, like

most unhappy people you ever see. No, no what is the common roots to extreme unhappiness is to want children and not have the. I wouldn't recommend that you know you see, couples who were in their thirties. One couple in three over the age of thirty has fertility problems, that's defined as inability to conceive after one year of trying one in three that's worth thinking about, because people are very very unhappy if they want to have kids and then they can't man here in the medical meal for ten years. If that's, if that's what happens to you, so ok, so anyways back to this, I think what I'll do what time it is. Is it because I'd have to open up a whole new can of worms so to speak, to do the next part, so I think actually what I'm gonna do is just recap what we did and then stop, or maybe we

have some questions, or maybe we can call at an early date, okay. So what? What is the fundamental issue here? What did we discussed today, all right so you're in a frame and we ve laid out its characteristics? It has a goal in it. It has a current position and it has rules for operating within it. It governs you're perceptions which is really critical thing to understand and well governing you're perceptions. It's too, it tells you what's useful to you and what gets in your way, but, most importantly, it tells you what you don't have to pay attention to it. As long as your damn frame is functional. You can ignore most of the world, and that means your stress level is way lower than it would normally be. Ok, so perception motivation, all of that integrated into those and then the emotional element comes out in that with it. When you're within a frame things that move forward and validate the framework- different things that get in your way and invalidate the frame our negative and then the next issue, as well.

If your frame is invalidated, exactly what does not mean, and you can answer that without thinking about the hierarchy of frames, because if you're lucky, it just means. Frame needs a minor alteration that would be equivalent to Puget in assimilation in some sense right you stay in the frame me just make a small adjustments. I think the pay, as you have the alien distinction between assimilation and accommodation is technically inaccurate, because it's a continuum right. I mean, if I, if I want to grab your pants I have a little frame that will enable me to do that. You say well, I'm staying within the frame to move that out of the way, but actually I not What I'm doing is doing a very I'm doing a small micro revolution in the frame. Moving that pick that up and so it's, I think, accommodation there's no. Hard distinction between assimilation and accommodation. It's a continuum so you'd say well. If, if the top end of

map gets blown out. That requires accommodation and if it's just a little micro change it Bottom, that's assimilation, but there's no, there's, no real, France between this except for scale- and there is kind of a container scale not an absolute dichotomy. So ok, so anyways back to that back to the emotion. So, thing happens and it isn't what you wanted. What does that mean? Well, it could mean anything. What you do is you start trying to micro, adjust the frame at the highest level of resolution, but then you might find that you can't do that to you have to jump up to the next one.

To jump up to the next one. You have to jump up to the next one and each time you do that. The cycle physiological cost increases, so ok, so so we talked about the cost end of the spectrum, and then we also talked about the engagement end of the spectrum, and so the idea would be well if you're, if you're very much engaged, say in order that again. If you find it very engaging to play with your baby, then you might be doing it in a way. That's in indicating that you're taking good care of your family, that you're being a good parent and that you're being a good person, all symbol Taneously when there's rich, meaning in that and you're the Sith, that orient you with regards to meeting our saying, look, you're doing this micro action in a way that benefits the maintenance and maybe even the expansion of all the frames that exist above it. And that's that's! That's exactly what you want. You want to be doing that all the time.

I miss you cap, and so that implies that you want to delineate out a pretty well developed value systems. That you're not acting at odds with yourself and you also how about integrated within the broader society, so that society is an existing towards you as a continual obstacles and making your life miserable. So ok, good questions. Any of that not makes sense, or do you have any objections to it? It's funny we do. It's funny. I am entering the word matter. You know cuz things are made out of matter or maybe they're made out of what matters, but the word object is the same thing. You could say that the world is made out of objects, or you can say that the world is made out of what object and both of those both of those weirdly enough for e

equally true in some sense question. Yes, when the Nord Serotonin system, in all likelihood so serotonin, seems so. The question was positive: emotions mediated by dopamine when you're advancing towards something say or when you have a cue that something good is about to happen. What is the system? media aids, positive emotion at dissociation, level. Yeah, yeah, ok, ok! Well, let's start with association issue that seems mostly regulated by serotonin. The, albeit issue, is that there are other forms of specific

reward that don't seem to be merely motivated or merely underpinned by doping me and I'll? Be system would be one of those there's an oxytocin system as well So there are other biochemical systems that are involved in more specific forms of reward, but The thing that common among instances that make it appear that moving forward. Is the Doberman Ergic element, roughly speaking, and then one of the things that happens, fear higher in and because you're more dominant, is that you're more satiated all the time? That's why People who are low in the dominance hierarchy with decrease levels of serotonin are more impulsive and also more emotionally disregarded there more impulsive because, hey you take your positive thing. When you can get it.

And so there there more dissatisfied there more looking for anything that will produce a positive outcome and then there are also more likely to experience, diffuse, negative emotion, part because they're serotonin systems are lower, indicating tenuous status in the dominance hierarchy, meaning that everything they do. That's uncertain, is far more dangerous, so This is also why it's very difficult, often when you're trying to treat someone who's depressed, because you could say there's not much difference between being depressed and existing in the biochemical state that being at the bottom of the dominant turkey would produce fact they're the same thing. Well, then, the question is: are you depressed, or are you just at the bottom of a dominant turkey, because those are not that, like the the symptom ontology, is very very similar but the car.

And the cure are not the same. You don't guess you might be at the bottom of the dominant Turkey, because you just everything about your life is rude. So and of course, your suffering. Are you depressed serve? No, not exactly you just have nowhere to go so Other questions yes resuming this ok, so the question is: why don't why do people pursue rewards the dont produced its residents? they don't have a value hierarchy so pleasure, Ireland to good example, those kids that were brought there were lost.

So they didn't, they didn't have any where to go. They didn't have an identity, so they default to local pleasure and that's better than none. Although the problem with local pleasure, while as the narrative made clear, is that you look out if you're impulsive, because it's gonna kick back on you hard and the reason is only considering the immediate timeframe and the problem is that things propagate across all the time frames, and so just because, Something works really well. This second cocaine, for example, does mean that it's a tenable solution to the class of all problems. So I usually often people pursue local pleasure because that's the best they can imagine. It's the best. They ve been taught. They don't see. Another alternative, so could be ignorance. It can They don't want to adopt the responsibility because part of the problem with,

working at every level of the hierarchy simultaneously, is that it's it's well, it's like dancing to a very complex waltz. Let's say you have be paying attention to a very large number of things simultaneously and doing things right, it requires responsibility, and so you know that's it's a pain. Its await part of the reason people drink alcohol is to get rid of their responsibility. I mean that's what lino view here: people drink because they have problems. It's like yeah yeah. I know some people drink because their anxious and alcoholic strength, because therein, withdrawal but young, People drink because they are sick and tired of being responsible, because it's annoying sites so I'll drink enough. I won't care about the medium to long term consequences because alcohol, that's exactly what s called does it doesn't make you endurance of the medium to long term consequences, but it makes you not care about them in part AIDS.

It dampens anxiety, so it dampens anxiety leaves your positive emotion circuits intact. So then you can go don't be stupid, fun things and that's like that's a party really, let's go, do stupid, fun things! That's a party but the medium to learn. Long term consequences are its risky. It doesn't mean you shouldn't do but its risky so yeah they don't know better. That's the answer. I would say so yes, responsibility? There's a guy the person to assert brain dead, that's conservatives, liberals don't get along, because conservatives do bind themselves to a particular frame, their conscientious and low.

Witness and the liberals say: doesnt not just buying due to a particular frame and it's like yeah, that's it does and that's a problem. So yes, where it is within reach tolerance of the unbearable pressing for that to reach the age of that brain, to force a person to see something yes now starts actually where I stop today, because that's that's exactly right. So you're scared, because both questions you asked indicated that you're sorted out the next step in them in the logic process, because you asked about the relationship between these frames with with it. You know in relationship to one another, and that is the next issue. Psych believers possibility and individual responsibility lies

Ok! Well, what are the things? One of the things we are going to talk about in the classes is how you addressed the problem that you just described, which is that this is the Peter PAN Story, roughly speaking, is Peter PAN is this magical boy? Pan means panties the God of everything, roughly speaking right, and so it's not an accident that he has the name pan and he's the boy that won't grow up and these magical well, that's because children, nor magical, they can be anything there. Nothing but potential and Peter PAN doesn't want to give that up. Why? Well? he's got some adults around them, but the main adult is captain HAWK well, who they now wants to grow up to be. Captain Hark, first of all, you ve gotta, Herc Sex, you're a tyrant and third year, chased by the dragon of chaos with the clock in its stomach right. The crocodile it's already got a piece of you. Well, that's what happens when you get older time has already got a piece of EU and eventually it's gotta,

for you and eventually it's going to eat you and so hook, is so traumatized by that that he can't help but be a tyrant, and then Peter PAN looks out traumatized. Herc says: well, no one, not sacrificing my childhood for that! So that's fine except he ends up. Can you lost boys. It. Never land will Neverland, doesn't exist and who the hell wants to be king of the lost boys. He also sacrifices the possibility that help a real relationship with a woman, because that's Wendy, right and she's kind of conservative middle class, London dwelling girl. She wants to grow up and have kids and have a life. She accepts your mortality. She accepts her maturity, Peter PAN, ass, to content himself. Tinker Bell. She doesn't even exist. She's like she's like the fairy of porn. She doesn't exist, she's the substitute for the real thing, and so, but the dichotomy that you're talking

very tricky because there's a sacrificial element and maturation right, you have to sacrifice the poorer potentiality of childhood for the actuality of a frame, and the question is why why would you do that? While one reason is it happens to you, whether you do it or not. You can either chew you're, damn limitation or you can. Let it Take you unaware, when you're thirty or even worse, when you're forty and then that is not a happy day. You see, I see people like this and I think it's more more common in our culture, because people can put off met mature eddie without suffering an immediate penalty. But all that happened is the penalty crews and then, when it, finally, it just wallop Sue, because when you're twenty, you could be an idiot. It's no problem, even when you're out in a job search is like what you don't have any experience and you're kind of clueless. It's here, you are young. You know it's no problem. We can that's what young people

but their full potential. Ok. Well now, you're, the same person at thirty is like people aren't so thrilled about you at that point like what the hell have you been doing for the last ten years. Well, I'm just as close as I was when I was twenty two tat, but you're, not twenty two, you're, an old infant right and that's an ugly thing in all the instant so the real part of the reason you choose your damn sacrifice, because the sacrifices inevitable, but least you get to choose it and then there's something. That's that's even more complex than that in some sense. Is that the problem with being it Is that all you are is potential and its really law resolution. You could be anything but you're, not anything so and you go on you to adopt an apprenticeship roughly speaking, and then you become at least you become something and when you're, something that makes the world open up to you again, if you're, really good plumber, then you and

being far more than a plumber right, you end up being a good employer. Not not the plumbers are not putting plumbers down. It's like more power to explore where's they ve saved more lives than doctors. So hygiene right, so you know it. A really good plumber. Well, then, you have some employers. You run a business, you you, you make you, you train some other people, you enlarge their lives, your kind of a pillar of the community. You you have your family, it's you can. Once you pass through the narrow training period, which

narrows you and constricts you and develops who, at the same time, then you can come out. The other end with a bunch of new possibility at hell at half, and young talked about that. I thought that the proper part of the proper path of development in the last half of life was to rediscover the child that you left behind. As you were apprentices, and so then you get to be something and regain that potential. At the same time, very, very smart. While he was very, very smart. That's very wise, very wise thing to know so. Sacrifice looked we'll talk more about that. To you get to pick your damn sacrifice, that's all you don't get to not make what you're sacrificial whether you want to be or not. That's a good thing to know

Well, so, even though its rather you know it's rough thing to figure out, but other questions, ok, that aegis noticing and more and more than twenty years that way the smooth transition Every living thing universities facilitated because you can go to university did not be something instead of going to university to be something and an that's its pleasure, Ireland and the price you pay for it, especially in the U S is dead and you are enticed into it, because the admins

it is, can pick your pocket, so they may rob your future self, while allowing you to pretend that you haven't identity, right, very nasty and you can declare bankruptcy with your student loans in the. U s its indentured servitude, and it is plain, is precisely pleasure, island exactly that, and so tuition fees of shot way out of control and part of the reason that universities don't make more demands on their students and let them get away with all the things they let them get away with his because their basically, why the hell would you these them out there, a hundred thousand dollars or more so they can do whatever they want. As long as you get to sell them to the salt mines right. So when did you know it's not the only reason, because the other thing that's happened is that the rate of technological transformation is so fast now and the rate of turnover of things is that its

it is genuinely harder for people who are say. Eighty, two: twenty, when I was a kid, roughly speaking, the kind of rough patch for four for life is probably fourteen to seventeen, something like that. Now it's I think it's a team to twenty five, something like that, and I think the reason for that is that all the jobs that the bloody hippies complained about being doomed to in the nineteen sixties have now disappeared? Their problem was: oh, my god, I'm going to go, have to work for a corporation and get a salary for the rest of my life in now, and then just end up in it with a pension. That'll be my whole life, so likewise seems like a lot better deal than an endless round of part time. Starbucks jobs.

So you know some of it is that it's it's just it's. It's there's a space now in our culture that that is lacking for people to make that transformation from from adolescence into adulthood, and so it's just it's it's. The cost of that is forestalled stalled. It's not a good thing. It's not a good thing. They're, seeing this person Well, there's a couple of problems with the dead these is that everyone has one that's the first one which so because scarcity matters. Obviously the second thing is that the match between the degree in the workplace is become less and less

self evident in a what should happen when you go to university, as you should learn how to think and formulate arguments, you should learn to think speak and write. That's what the humanities are for there to make you dangerous right, because if you can think and speak and write your sadly, in a complex job, you're exactly what's necessary. But if you dont have that's what the hell good is the degree, so I mean degree in English. Literature doesn't prepare you for a job. It could make you think right and speak which prepares you for any complex job and that's what supposed to happen. But increasingly, I think that doesn't happen. And though employers are waking up to this very rapidly so and there I mean they ve already known that most for most complex positions. They have to train their people. Now there thinking. Well. Why do I have to bother with the degree if I'm going to train them if it isn't bringing anything value? You see this in even fields like law. When I went to do a debate at Queens University three weeks ago, I think they couldn't get it

but he did debate me in all day the guy had to pay play devils advocate. We were talking about Bill C. Sixteen, I thought Jesus, that's so pathetic! I'm talking about legal matters and I'm the one just in one of the greatest universities in the West, in oh, I mean it's in the top two hundred, let's say I couldn't get someone to argue with the stupid psychology professor about law had to get out devils advocate, and so one of the things that was really disheartening. Talking to the students was they told me for Five of them do not. Learning a damn thing in law: it's all social justice, nonsense! So well! Good that'll! Do! the profession is being done in any ways, because lawyers being replaced by automation, and so a lot of what they do is dig up information like well, you can do that on your own and forms are proliferating like mad, so the loss should be teaching you to be a monster you better be, but you MT you're concerned with social welfare, oh god so like while theirs,

nothing to that. It's like you around Are you sure you want to be nice to people? Well, that's nice! Good! You go right ahead. This, like all, go, find someone who can do something and you can go- be nice to people and see how effective that is. So it's a lot of things that are conspiring the same direction. People don't have to get married to have sex. So we have no idea what that's going to do. Although we know one thing, it's done, is the only people get married now, a rich right, which is another thing. That's really comical, because the feminist idea in the sixties was the marriage was an oppressive, pate, oppressive, patriarchal in Tunisia like ok, fine, then, why do only rich women get married? Now. Is that that is the case and sulphur. Poor women, the dissolution of marriage, has been an absolute Catastrophe they are so screwed because they have kids so their work. They have got their ninety our work week, man, that's for sure, they're much less attractive to potential mates, so they,

low quality men, often parasitical and predatory, so they often have like jobs in retail, for example,. Sure just dreadful you don't even know your schedule is going to be you get it hardly anything you know it's really but You know most of the women who who who are outspoken. Feminists are on successful end of these socio economic distribution, their university students or people like that, you don't even know any poor women. So they have no idea what their lives are like an you would never know cause they're at home, working in all their either their horrible job there at home, slaving away with their kids, so sound like they're out there tell you what's wrong with them so so sometimes see my students, a lock of those who fly critical thinking, language is almost among other solution,

this is the best way. The best way to teach people critical thinking is to teach them to write, and I made this little thing that I put on line it's I don't off. Maybe it is it in the site for thirty four website. Do it did I post that rubric for essay writing is it not on for thirty four? Is that not working? Oh. Oh ok, well, there's an essay. I hope. That's too bad, it's not on the site for thirty four website, even because I am needed it anyways. I have this guide to writing this, that, if it isn't on the four hundred and thirty four website, it is definitely on the four hundred and thirty website and get steps. People through the process of because what's happened now, it's very hard to teach people to write does its unbelievably time. Intensive and like writing,

marking a good essay? That's really easy check a Did everything right right marking are bad say? Oh, my god that words are wrong. The phrases are wrong. The senses wrong they're, not ordered rate in the paragraphs. Two paragraphs are coherent and the whole thing makes no sense so trying to tell the purse what they did wrong. It's like me, you did everything wrong. Everything about this I say is wrong. Well, that's not helpful! Either you have to find a few little things. They did half right and you have to teach them what they did wrong. It's really expensive, and so what I did with this rubric was tried it it just that from that production side instead of the grating side. But the best thing you can do is teach people to right, because there is no difference between now, and And one of the things that just blows me away about universities is that no one,

tell students why they should write something psych while you have to do this assignment well, why are you writing? Well, you need the great no. You need to learn to think, because thinking makes you act effectively in the world. Thinking makes you win the battle to undertake in those could be battles for good things. If you can think of and right. You are absolutely deadly, nothing can get in your way. So that's why you learn to right. It's like when. I can't believe that people are just told that it's it's it's like it's, the most powerful but you can possibly provide someone with, and I mean I know, lots of people who have been staggeringly successful and watched them through up my life. For me, those people when I have an argument with them, they'll just flash you into pieces, and not in the malevolent way it's like if you're gonna make your point in their home to make their point. You better have your points or

nice, because otherwise you're gonna look like and be an absolute idiot. We're, not gonna get anywhere, and if you can formulate your arguments coherently and make a presentation, if you can see two people. If you can lay out a proposal, God people give you money. New opportunities. You have influence, that's what you're at university for and so that's what you do. Was not yearning ear in English writer in language. Does anyone sits like yeah t teach people to be arctic? Kill it, because that's the most dangerous thing you can pay simply be so that's motivating. If people know that it's like will why're, you learnt right, cause, you're, here's your sword here's your m16 right, here's your bulletproof vest

you learn how to use them. But it's just it's an endless mystery to me why that isn't made self evident. So that's the sort of thing that can drive you mad, trying to sort out its like people or there's a there's, a conspiracy to bring people into the education system to make them weaker. So I guess that keeps the competition down. Maybe that's one way of thinking about if you're students are stupid, they're not going to challenge you so other quest disagreements. I a pretty harsh indictment of the university system, boys.

Day. Boys. You you have more probability to get to work solutions right now, sources. You will always yes, true, yes in some, yes, yes, Mary, True. Well, you know there used to be before the divorce laws were really liberalize. There were there, you could sue for irreconcilable differences, and sometimes people do find themselves in that situation is like one person wants. Children in the other person doesn't like that's tough one, it's a tough one to negotiate. So I'm I'm certainly not saying that. Just because you

fuck yourself into a like two cats in a barrel that that will make you solve your problem, because problems are hard to solve, and sometimes you can't solve them. I was just pointing out what the cost of leaving the backdoor, what the cost of leaving the back door open it and it's a bit, cost about. You know. One of the things I see too is that people's identities fragment increasingly across time in one of the things that you have as you age, is something like the continuity of your life. You know you, you have someone that you're with you ve tried story together with there's, you have children. Maybe they have children. It's like there's this continual pay off, so to speak in quality that you obtain from staying within that frame, and you can jump out of that and I suppose, to some degree that that provides free but it isn't obvious to me that there does that for people Relations is

you may know, but but but is also the case that sequential relationships are unlikely to be. That saw look, I'm not I'm not make I'm definitely not making a utopian case for marriage so

the letter was review because they really interesting points. But at the same time I think there s relationship with Europe in that's. It then insisting it cannot be the year. Will that's. That's. Definitely the alternative argument and, of course there are strong things to be said on both sides, but see there's some through some additional problems with divorce that people don't really grasp when their young, like the idea that you can be divorced once you have children, that's kind of a stupid idea, because you can't you can you can you can find a limited substance?

for your initial freedom. But if you, if you have kids and you try to get divorced, the probability that that's going to demolish your life is very, very high. First of all, its incredibly expensive, so one or both of you is going to come out of that poor and your market value has declined. Let's say you're the woman who takes the kids. Your market value has declined radically you're going to be poor, the and he's just screwed, because he is now in indentured servants and there is no escape from it. So it's it's not so bad if you can negotiate a peaceful separation and some people can but lots of times, if you have a terrible relationship is not like negotiating a peaceful separation. Is all that easy, but if you're out each other's through

it's good luck to you, I think it's roughly equivalent to having nonfatal cancer. It is not pleasant. It's a ten year process. Fifteen year process will cost you two hundred and fifty thousand dollars and it'll tear a big chunk out of your life and also it will really disrupt your relationship with your kids, and you know you, you bring kids into a step parent family. They do not do as will step. Parents are not as good parents as biological parents and the data on that is clear. Now, obviously, there are exceptions because there are terrible biological parents and there are wonderful step parents. But if you look in aggregate it's not that easy to care for children, you need everything you can binding you to them and if there's someone else's children

mostly they get in the way of the person that you love right. Well, if I'm, let's say you have a child I'll, be right out. I'd say you have a child and I want to go out with you. Every second you spend without child is a second you don't spend with me and and there's gonna be a price for that. I'm not going to be happy about that and if I have child you're gonna feel exactly the same way. You might say: well, no, I love children, it's like yeah, yeah, sure sure you do. I doubt it. You might love your child and then you know it's pretty specific. The way that people of children, So and the rate of abuse for kids in step parent families is way higher than a decent biological families. There is not even any comparison, so anyways If you found this conversation meaningful, you might consider. Picking up. Dad's book maps of meaning the architecture of belief or twelve as for life, an antidote to chaos, if you want

miss simpler to read, I would recommend twelve months for life. Maps of meaning is dance, both of these works dove much deeper into the topics covered in the Jordan, be Petersen, Podcast, see Jordan Peters and dot com for audio e book and tax links or pick up the books, your favorite bookseller, remember to check out Jordan repeaters, not coms, lash personality for information on his personality course. I hope you enjoy this podcast. If you please let her friend no early review touchy next week. Follow me on my: u to Channel Jordan, be Petersen on Twitter at Jordan, be painters on Facebook at Doktor Jordan. Petersen and it Instagram Jordan, Dog, begot Peterson Details on this show acts. To my blog information about tour dates and other events and my the recommended books. Sound or my website, Jordan, Petersen Guard COM, my online writing programmes designed to help you Austria note there passed on stand themselves in the present and developers,

to get a vision and strategy for the future can be found itself authoring, dot, com that self authoring dot com from Westwood one podcast network,