This up a sort of stuff they don't want, you to know was brought. You buy diner trap, safe, silent and simple. It's a flying, insect trap that captures and kills mosquitos and other flying insects. The diner trap insect trap. Let you take back your yard without using chemicals, pesticides or propane its engineered for three way: protection against mosquitos and other flying insects, but don't take our word for it for twenty percent of all products visit, diner, trap, dot com today and enter the promo code, DD pod. Twenty, that's de T, P, o d to zero, brought to you by IBM nice days, can come of the hidden cost, seasonal allergies. So the weather channel is using IBM, lots and predict local allergy risk up to fifteen days out, get out to incite Watson on the weather, Channel app and whether dot com,

from you at those two psychic power. Since government conspiracies history is riddled with unexplained events. You can turn back now or learn this stuff. They don't want you to know. Back to the show my name is met and we're gonna paused just there first. Because our super producer, nor the Madman Brown is not in the studio with us today. No, but he is doing something very important that we cannot talk about yet but we are sure you it's a secret mission, and I'm then, yes, you me are you: are you this stuff? They want you to know, but it's not just at nine studio. Today, ladies and gentlemen, we are threats to have a returning guess for innovation. The shoes famous, Sir infamous lore, vocal. Ah, yes, hi,

you have, whichever which have one you want today. It's a Wednesday I'd, say just regular famous on Wednesday, regular familiar with you, you may learn from all of the places around how stuff works, everything from forward thinking the brain stuff to house of works now to what the stuff think their seven or eight more. Essentially, everything at any time that I can move furniture fer a show. That's basically what I do. Yes also writing in auditing and research and perform it s idea your passion. There really is furniture moving related re. Absolutely it makes sense because you know any time that you can get the ninety eight pound girl on the town has a moving heavy things that also that it should also be noted that you have mastered the art of the teleprompter. I have attempted to do this on several occasions and I we order than it looks you guys, it had great videogame.

I'm gonna learn a minute becoming a breadth of Seattle. Little did a background before we get in today's episode this. This might be interesting to some of you. So amidst the video writers here, Lord and I are half of the video writing team. We have this. Everybody in in a job, every group has some has some task. That is no one's favorite right, whether its take out the garbage move, the furniture for us it tell a man it's has depending upon the host or whom your group operating this, for it can be real where family It can be a real pain in the took a skeleton He knows The aim in the nose knows my favorites, but substitute if you're trying to clean the smell of the pain in the nose are favourable substitute! Ok, so I'm gonna be collecting, so our choice quotes from this morning.

Clear before we got on the air. You had said might get angry about some things today. Why you guys. Only invite me to talk about their anger me an paraphrasing. I get it I sat at I'm eating really give me a satisfactory answer aside from its fun. It makes for a better podcast it really does. Is there a reason that you get upset about this topic, Should we just bring that up later? First, we should do the shout out quarter. Oh that's true! Now, I dont get angry about shudder, corners, good she asked rightly so little monitors the return of our shoutout corner for those of you unfamiliar with this recently we have resurrected the practice of shouts just a way to have have of your fellow listeners, say hello to all at once, and it's pretty simple. We can't shudder,

everybody. So we can keep it down like three people, but if you're one of the first three to write to us on Facebook, Twitter, email or find me on the street or in the back of a bar there, just ask for a shout and who knows you may get one just like Joshua Wolsey from Facebook wrote to us and said: hey damaged out here. Got out to you, Joshua and another thing that happens. If we don't get enough people that want an actual shout out, what we're gonna do is call out people who are just cool on earth. And face like that's what I'm doing around you know right now, I'm calling out Casper parks in hue, lame, trinket vice or onward. Yes, at a stroke, or one for sending cattle mutilation. Little images comic book excerpts We are talking about with cows. Fun things any one of them was saying it was the cat returning home to the rancher into saying: hey man, it's ok, rural world back and rugged. Failure to worry too noisy Gary Larsson was that was not the other ones carriers and

sounds like so much fun. I'll do one too. So so shout out to judge your goodness. That's at J M D are agee you and ass. I am I apologise, but should your name for suggesting the obvious and looked angle that perhaps cattle mutilation occurs as a result of turf wars. Overgrazing zones and that this is all ultimate Cowan cow violence completely miss that, unlike ass, we did we try our best, but we don't always get everything right were only human, most of us eyes. Speaking of human things, that I shall corner lazy. Gentlemen of course, right to us, if you, if you would like to participate, we get a question here. I wanted check with you guys before we get into today's topic, which also oddly enough has a running with livestock. What is the sickest you ve ever been? Who ever ever like ever ah

am I the only one I can think of is the most recent time that I was very sick and I gotta I got some kind. Material infection and it lasted for like a month was when I had just moved into a new place, so I am sure they had all kinds of like new stuff floating around I'm allergic to cats. My remit as two cats, hilarious backstory. But so far, so there lots of going on my main system, but essentially I was just in case of moving my own objects further Tire month, because I just couldn't I just couldn't. I can get out of bed the Agnes you feel when you're yeah through the yeah. There's someone action. Is you are about moving furniture? It has to be mutually painful as well right. I did the toll that it took on me metaphysically, I think as the one that cannot be ignored, while at science

Well, what about you met? You wanna, go you what meeting I have a story to talk about here, but is not necessarily about me is about my grandfather. Would that would then be ok, yet the attitude so my grandfather back in, I guess it was late. Twenty twelve early, twenty thirty he was living my parents at their house in coming and he fell and broke his hip just one night. He gave you the bathroom so he had to go out surgery and they replaced his hip it really well. The doctors were worried about the procedure itself because you know, and almost ninety old man doing their kind of as of surgery, is a little dangerous issue, but it turned out fine, an end that went really The problem was He needed rehabilitation and are family. Couldn't afford You know in home services stuff like that, the more expensive things that you can get for that so we go to a rehabilitation centres and why There are one of the thing He was having a problem. Doing is getting up and going to the bathroom something we

take for granted every day, so he required a catheter and through this catheter or through some other urine. Negation method, he developed an infection and when he got this infection at first it was it's kind of standard when you're in hospitals like that to get a small infection or something It happens all the time. Problem. Is it wasn't going away? My mom spoke to the nurse and the nurse said specifically. We think this may be a super bug. We think It's not responding to any of the antibiotics. There were giving him and it may be resistant. Well, unfortunately, the infection did take his life and he on May twenty third twenty thirteen, but he was my first run in personally with something like this, and I didn't think that it was possible in the United States

a good facility where he was that this could even occur. Yeah, and I really can't open my eyes to this topic and scare me Lopez. It's it's a sobering thought. This is our topic for today. Ladies and gentlemen, we are going to talk about something that you have probably up in the news and probably wondered, is that alarm ism is this stir up boy for more clicks, are more viewers on the part of mainstream media and unfortunate It is not yet completely true here. This is too for two of you guys inviting me on for something that is actually not a conspiracy at all. It's just it's just people sucking. Will it conspiracy theory, but there are there. I will submit to lure Vogel Bob that there are a couple of conspiracies afoot evolved in this agreement. Those boilers, I let's talk

disease. You guys are before we die of one. I will start with the story about the black death, the black plague you ve heard of it before I, if you have ever you have just heard of it. Either you have history. Yes, if you have history, that's perfect. I wanna go ahead and say that I'm gonna ignore any spoiler warnings on this happen. While ago, thirteen hundreds, I think, Roman, we can, we can talk about safe, good. Ok, I just wanted a gacek with you guys boy. The ancient world was terrible and brutal place I think so, yeah aside from like that, the clothes and maybe the military, I would not have wanted to live in the past year I think we watch bill and TED sometime in our childhood and then say: hey time, travel is fine. It's probably not we'll get into some statistics later, but is it is difficult The vast majority of the US to imagine just how filthy

Living conditions were how poor through our understanding of quota, unquote, medicine was just how much easier was to die from what these days would be a kind of trivial infection small little things, because you may be walking around in feces all day when you're trying to get from one place to the other on the streets, because you probably are yet again and animal feed these human feeling yeah all kinds of eyes. So the black plague, as commonly called in English describes instead a wave of three separate incidences instead, CS, I guess moving from a plague reservoir somewhere in the Caspian Sea area, Central Asia Westward and followed shipping routes. The black death is generally thought to have arrived by ship in Europe in October of thirteen forty seven when twelve, from Genoa, docked at the sicilian port of Messina and that's all after going through the Black Sea's

This is it. This is a spooky story to tell in the dark you know, because this ship would it hits the docks it's full of dead people, people who were either dead or in the process. Of and those who are still alive, reaches overcome with fever, their throwing up their hallucinating delirious from the pain, and that wasn't all was it: oh, no, it gets aggressor yeah, you are also covered in these blue the that used blood and pass, and and- and that is where we get the name- the black death from yet in Sicily that the government of Sicily ordered the fleet. Out of the harbour. You know back to genoa with you will never mind you never mind, and I think I d cable in they probably thought they were safe. We got rid of this problem, we're ok now, but that was true. There were, unfortunately very wrong over the next five years. This thing that we come to know as the black death would

more than twenty million people in Europe at the time that was almost one third of the continent's pie, relations? So if we work Europe The three of us in this room right now one of us would die yeah, which is which is a big easy thing. People didn't know what was going on. Was it a punishment from God? Was it were in her words from the US. Literally hordes from among a whore gag IBM. We wouldn't have germ theory for the next two few centuries, and so people had no concept of what disease transmission meant. Yeah. How are you getting it? That's a crazy things, not know from living. Wanting sinful life on a single mean at the time may be that one time I danced too much yeah the time that yes, the dance in public, I think, is where we can trace this back to that were a bacteria that was, there was proven to be the cause of the play as recently as two

and ten were dna studies that confirmed some they ve been suspected for, while a thing called your senior pesticides, and is it common to fleas that live on rats or rodents. Excuse me from western Asia Kurdistan of India and oddly enough, Uganda me effects Sir, are seen today according to story and Philip Day leader quote forty five to fifty percent of the year P in population died during a four year period. A fair amount of geographic variation. However, in Tyrrhenian Europe areas such as ITALY, the South of France and Spain, where plague ran for about four years consecutively. It was probably closer to seventy five to eighty percent of the population that huge as in Germany in England, though, he was probably closer to only twenty percent rate in over

old, you'll notice, folks that there are some differences in the statistics already because, just above it said roughly a third of the population than you hear, forty to fifty percent. Worse working out how many people actually died. That's how mass of this was in many situations. There was no one there to count the debt yeah yeah. You had to know exactly how many people died, but also who died. Of what I mean, how are you going to prove that they died of this and not selling starvation, because there was food left and centre right away the. I guess the site consequences or the ripple effect overall you'll hear number with a great rage right, they'll, say: seventy five to two hundred million people across Eurasia died a result of this, but there is one positive thing I literally hard theirs positive thing about the black death yeah. I know it sounds weird:

that I felt silver blacktop lining yes of like that lighting. So there's a book the weave mentioned on the air before I think called in the wake of the plague by an author named Norman Canter, and this is I learned that the disease the play may be responsible for aid. Heavy resistance in some european populations, in northern european fascinating. We're the area of spreading the other day about how Wermin stations and Viking populations were responsible were a gene that now causes emphysema. So strange, how like, like light like, like resistance to worm infestations, led to a genetic variant that basically causes and empathy methode, so it's great how these ripple effect

less great for people with emphasis Emma obviously than people with HIV Resistance, like that's the model that he would, rather with super power reactors and affliction, but but nonetheless, out that that's genetically great yeah. It's it's strange. What happens when any population of living things is put through? an environmental ringer. No, someone. Some of you may might be saying, like Matt WAR and then also no one spirit. Why are you guys talking about the black that was so long ago, move guys. This is just a grisly historical side. No we'll sit tight for he had it all we'll get to that end. First, let's talk about these bug is backed you wait. What do we mean what we say a burger super buck. Aren't you guys here travel with us for a moment close your eyes. You're driving, don't closer. I sorry sorry, just

pretend there's an overly on your windscreen bucket Hugo. Imagine your body peaceful eyes, hopefully two years nice of leave as an admin with gets down. There now imagine that this body, is an entire civilization, a city, perhaps even a planet, of its own filled with bacteria in you around you they're all living inside the city wholly smokes it crowded in their ok, cellphone fact, here: there are more bacterial cells that are side of you than there are yourselves seriously here? Here's the good they're much much smaller than yourselves, and the statistic has recently been contested and not in peer reviewed research? So we can't taken for for certain yet, but but suffice it to say that we host a lot

of my many more than you would think or want to believe and their way smaller than the human cells that make up your body. So it's not. Although are covered in living things, interest inundated with them, we're still Euro by volume. There's more of us than there are that here there we go to tell you mentioned this, that the sea are they part of us now tat. We have created this ecosystem together. How absolutely yeah a lot of them are, are harmless. Working kind of you know, just side, Oliver normal bodily processes and a lot of them, are even helpful, yeah the they just food, they will fight of the bad bacteria. For you, if it's a good day, we all have these strange ecosystems are micro, biomes and our guts, and you can

very interesting pie cast by some of our peers are colleagues about the so called fecal transplants, which our real thing area as it turns out. The microbes and our guts have a lot to do with our mental health. With our immune system, with all kinds of systems that you'd he wouldn't expect got bacteria to be influencing. Today's episode is brought you buy, I am for businesses around the world today is an a restart. It's a rethink. That's why they're partnering with IBM retailers are keeping their systems as millions of orders move on mine hunters are using IBM Watson to manage an influx of customer questions with a sigh and solution. Built on the IBM cloud are helping doctors care for patients remotely today were rethinking how business moved forward. So, let's get to it, let's put smart towards

Is it I be under com, slash smart to learn more below. This is wrong. Burgundy and you were listening to my voice, which commands trust and respect. Guess what my pod gases back and that's a wind for every one may, for me because of the money, but also because I love to hear myself doc and so do you, and if you are thinking it's time for a change in your insurance plan b, it automobile or home insurance think no further than state farm. You know the one with the catchy jingle like a good neighbour state firm as their stay farmers bid in the insurance gave her more years than any one on earth can remember. They aren't some fly by night operation, offering suspect savings. They offer real service for classy people who want to be confident in what they are buying. I call it the state farm difference. I don't know what they call it. I don't even know runs the company. Maybe I should run the company. I would keep the jingles like a good neighbour state farmers there, but I would change the tune like

good neighbour states argues that that was better right, who guys really quick one factor learn from having a baby. I didn't have the baby, but from having a baby, we're like you were like a producer circular sorts yeah, so when, when you were a baby in your being breastfed, the substance that you are fed price To actually getting milk is, is this stuff that creates in coats side of your lining. It creates you're a basically we'll biome of bacteria that lives inside of you, because you're getting it from your parent from your mother, which is kind of cool we know we are to think about activity of transferring at external transfer ads on purpose, and we have to do it or else there or issues their bad things, and there is also research into how babies born via is very inception, are missing out on some valuable microbe. I am style, and so so researchers are starting to just kind of just kind of swab that right on the Bay

at her borne by syrian section, therefore giving these amazing, like lifesaving lifelong than of its benefits, Clearly, the exterior spectres understands of like that worries us fastening. So we are taking pains course votes to show that back there not all bad. It gets a bad rap, it's all bad, but it is responsible forts, so as we have agreed that video about it ends on and oddly philosophical, no word, psycho Not really you farting, it's all this stuff inside of you that's producing this, which makes you think like who are we farting inside of you know what I mean where, if we're the bacteria anyway, check it out. If you want it's free on Youtube, but I see because it's time for us to take a turn, we ve talked about the good bacteria. What about the

yeah, there's, there's a lot of pathogenic a a disease producing bacteria. Cause infections, anywhere in your body that you have body parts, basically an out here which will get more important as we go deeper into this conversation about how tricky it is to fight off harmful bacteria. Species of bacteria don't fall into two. Bull, binary categories of pathogenic verses, nonsense, genetic, and we know because we ve seen bacteria species that were previously harmless turn pathogens. Inside of a host? So it's an honor which, in each individual bacterium that depends a number of factors that the conditions in the host Andy health and welfare of the rest of the colony, primarily, to put it simply and also kind of scarcely bacteria that have the capacity to be patent? I can live dormant what I imagined when, when you're saying this, is that there are these tiny little

microscopic sleeper cells of of terrorists. Of think these. These bacterium terrorists that are just waiting to be activated when they get the call their there. There opportunistic it's, it's really incredible from a evolution, standpoint and really terrifying from a human person walking around with these, like the hypothetical ticking time bombs, kind of standpoint, o end, in addition to a bacteria colonies pathogenic state. You ve also got another qualifiers that you can apply here and that's the colonies virulence, which is how rigged up the calling The colony is about making you sick so where pathogenicity is whether bacteria make you sick or not. Virulence is how sick pathogenic bacteria make you Ok, I see soon like a sore throat or pneumonia sheriff I'm picking up throughout the air. For the sake of argument, I

amazing that we have, as a species, survived long enough to learn so much about this this agent supervillain, really there with our species, he's been in a war now. We know that back to also pulled a Benedict Arnold at times and switch sides. Doesnt benefit them to kill us off, so it It really is really a genetic flying bacteria. If they're killing us will they probably not meters, all, because the israeli than other animals as well, especially if there are other bacteria that it is helpful when Stu dies that there can be movement or something and then that's it while that doesn't make any sense when I think about, but there are so many other things that take advantage of a being when it dies and in broken down and how much food is created. Their opportunistic is probably the word of the wind for our podcast here. So, let's sweet. I thought the good. We talked about the bad

talk about the ugly I in the early nineties, hundreds we really have any any ethical? she is effective, medicines against things like common germs though there were traditional treatments that we can talk about, but their their affairs see was not. Nowhere near the pills that your doctor will give you today, even though body. Has this great immune system that can fight off infections sometimes the germs or some serious heavyweights write a word gets frightened instead takes here too right before about x. You had a very good chance of dying if you got something like bacterial meningitis ninety percent of the children who got it died in those children who lived most of them had some kind of long lasting effects, anything from different disabilities.

Agnes do even mental mental retardation, which to me would be a fate worse than death. Honestly, you know I can't imagine having a kid and having it These were they say your child survive, but no longer be able to hear you even understand who you are is that living shadow, no strength through ice? struck thrown all the time when I ok do disease. Did you guys are stripped through or infections, suffer your objections I had I'm out like one year. Yeah we're not suited for time travel unless we have some sort of protective gear. I think the bubble boy suit yeah earnest spacesuit from NASA They won't sell those two civilians. They gave it. They gave one. They gave one kid: actually did have to live in a bubble because of this terrible immune disorder. They gave him the space you, but they wore you can email, if you won't, have you been Emily them? I did he mail them before our. It asked the they said. No, but

there's nothing wrong with shrine. Here's the single you're infections. If we were to travel back into the past you weren't, you met. No, are you listeners? We all went back in the past for some kind of time travel party we got an ear infection, didn't have any treatment for it. It could spread from the ear. True, your brain, yeah lights, that's terrible and the other. In. Let's not forget, the series infections are still around their sole tuberculosis, pneumonia, whooping cough and their cause by bacteria. Or on? Like Lord said earlier, the Riviera once reproduce an extraordinary pace and can easily well will make you very sick, they could also plausibly just cause. You die came over man. Ok, so let's talk about bacteria for little bit guides us get unknown These are people, they are kind of vilified here. What are they like? Well, If you look at a bacteria Ben lesson,

given that there are real estate agents for them. It's all about location, location, location. They just need to find a place where they can do. They can eat more. They can report and guess what they're not doing any kind of a A sexually oh yeah senior dear God, is not full love, a bunch of tiny creatures, better had us sexual Congress. Inside of you making love no money, Syria anywhere not ituri anyway. Yeah, that's true vigour produce very very quickly, though the bacteria get in there. Conditions A warm moist place. Bacteria can reproduce like every twenty minutes, which means you start with one in an hour. You could have eight scale across the thousands and millions of creatures. I am bacteria can of course damage you in a number of ways: poisoning your food entering your body through the air and animal by an awkward high five.

No seriously skin diskin contact causing as well to or not well well, tat touching adorn urban having either a cut on your skin immediately putting your dirty dirty hand against one of your mucus membranes. Don't do it don't do that people? that is probably more than you would think Agnelli here. I was judged and then the restroom- and I hear them. Leave without washing their hands. I know to some degree it's just this ritual eyes thing we all. We have all as a society's convinced us we will make people safer and it's better than nothing, but still I judge you Why? If I don't hear the injustice, like run your hand? Yes, if I don't even here, the water turn on Ben Judgment is coming here. What? Luckily, even if you do wash your hands because you're some, I dont, know weird thing in your past

We have something else. It can help you. It's a nifty group of substances called antibiotics, Michael Jordan, medicine due to do yes, What are these were well? What's the deal with antibiotics will deserve chemical substances you may heard of one of the most popular penicillin which is dry. From fungus or some other micro organisms, and when their administered in dilute solutions, you guys these things are able to destroy other micro organisms, which is extremely helpful. Our targets, in this case bacteria we're gonna, be technical guys. The best group discreet, for. These things would be Anti microbial, though the term about is used most often hey. What's the difference, you may be asking great question. Well. Anti microbial can describe a variety of things. There are it. I subjects that supply to living tissue to prevent infection, often during a surgery, rape, others distant

their disinfectants like bleach, oh yeah, which just nonsense. If we kill all the things the years not living substance is to prevent the spread of action and finally, the heroes. Our story, antibiotics which kill ass, you micro organisms inside your body ones. On a time. This term was only used to describe you, know the natural stuff, the mouldy bread. That nowadays is also used to describe synthetic antibiotics. Let's say for the discovery of antibiotics: we have some myths to bust or yes, depending on your age. In the country of your origin, you ve probably heard all kinds of fun myths about how antibiotics came about, especially from when you're in schools visually young age school western Europeans were for a long time thought to be credited with the discovery of antibiotics. Yet, however, yeah. Well, it may be true, the various civilizations, including

Western Europe discovered these substances independently, it is credibly, difficult, eminent double down, actually see it is impossible to reach. Kneel down through discovered. Why, first, why? Because only are antibiotics, one of the most effective medicines in human history they're. Also one of the oldest super all we have no idea. Traces of stuff, like Tetra Cycling, have been found in human skeletal remains in the ancient sudanese Nubia, dating back to three hundred fifty two five hundred and fifty c e y yeah and like away before penicillin that is so rotten you're. So that's before There was even really a calendar that would apply to us we could understand. Oh yeah, yeah yeah increases. The same substance were found in bones from the doktor oasis in Egypt, and we we know, we can find this substance touches.

Easier than any other ancient bioethics because it has unique structure, but despite the fact that that's our ban that's our smoking gun. Those are solid proof there's so much other stuff theory. There is strong evidence. The ancient civilizations across the world independently. SK covered some sort of local antibiotic. I heard something about, though the red soil in Jordan. Yes still in use today, it's a cheaper alternative than a pharmacy. And and some kind of herb that was used in ancient China, yeah yeah, art and listening to its I'm, not gonna, try to butcher the demanding for it, but it was use for thousands of years. It also as antibiotic properties, and we know the ink Antibiotic use has affected the genetic structure of human beings. Tat sounds crazy. I know you mean everyone. We know you listening everyone you know, probably in some way affected are out genes, are like gum, our genes

curated, yeah yeah? That's the perfect word. So we usually associate. We live now in India, later part of the age of antibiotics, currently and we usually associate beginning this with two people, primarily Paul AIR and Alexander Fleming. Now this was also before Helen, but not so much before penicillin, not so much before so heralds idea of this magic bullet that selectively targets only he's disease, causing microbes and did not. The host itself was based on this observation that aniline synthetic dies which first became available around that time could stain specific microbes, but not some of the others, and that's that pretty huge discovery and he said well what about these chemical compounds? Could we synthesize something that would be able to exert their this full action? elusively on a parasite harbouring within an organism,

So they did. This large scale. Screening programme in nineteen o four and it was so grossly- were trying to find a cure for syphilis, which was a deal as other problem is still like, not a vacation, I'm sure sure, but it was a much bigger problem at that time. Certainly and treatment for it at the time was. Pretty crummy, it was either would treat you with inorganic mercury, solves a terrible side effects and it didn't work that well, it was just get get still probably go insane and then die right. Yes, you it was, it was it Nietzsche syphilis I mean. Probably there were a figures that either on the surface or under the table had syphilis sir. His laboratory together with some other chemist, Erlich Cynthia. As hundreds of derivatives of this highly toxic drug called a toxin in of creativity, tested in rabbits that were affected

syphilis over and over and over again hundreds and hundreds times. I dont think I realized until right this very moment that rabbits could get syphilis and I'm so I don't even like rabbits and I'm so sad for rabbits right now. It's strange there's some animals. They can get diseases that humans have like leprosy is big for humans armadillos that always do now. I know they have enough of a tough time I was, It was strange that humans use rabbits for testing, but yeah makes a lot of sense when you look at what they can and cannot get compared to you yeah there's similarities that are good for testing. If not, if not ethical, does a question: how many rabbits you're willing to kill to save well. In this case it was hundreds. Yes in this case was hundreds right now, let's go to night Jeanne. Oh nine.

Thank you better start the same without no, I know where is he I hope he gets back from that secret mission soon. Maybe he'll like find this. There were reading and in some we won't even know it's true. I guess we're gonna time travelling early Ok, everybody, let's, let's right now in the middle of the podcast, but everyone clapped their hands. No don't do that snap your no don't do that what was your eyes again? No, they don't. Why don't we think a single, I think, as a single, I would have ok lowest level tediously on three everybody wake a single eye, and hopefully that will make nor put something right here: one two are we did it?

you have to save our egos great reorganise good. So now that we're in nineteen o nine- you guys, ok, these girls came about this compound in the six hundred series of testing on these rabbits, thus numbered so six which cured syphilis, infected rabbits and showed significant province, promised for the treatment of patients with venereal disease syphilis in limited trials on human or so not all, Did the rabbits go hey? This worked on many thanks, guys rat rabbit noise, and then the humans. I mean it's incredible: it worked on rights and is working on humans and despair. The despite the fact that it was a pain in the Turkish there. We see there was a tremendous need for this strike and it became the most frequently prescribed drugs under the name. Sir her sad sway better than eight dollars I am really it was that it was the number one was the king of the hill drug cells wise until

rival of penicillin in the nineteen forties, we Millions of lives San people stood on what they call the mode of action were not red million percent, sure how it works ages- You just have tight what a lucky lucky break Penicillin, though, is now penicillin is like the main it's the imo in just a minute, pre eminence pretty big news he proudly heard of it. When he saw it in the nineteen twenties british scientists and Alexander Fleming, which we ve done. Some shows I'm for stuff a genius, maybe maybe with you ve heard about it on a few of our other pure podcast. He was working lab in Saint marries, win discovered a naturally growing substance? They could attack certain bacteria, so there was mould growing on the same later. Peach tree

as a colony of something called Staphylococcus, Orpheus bacteria. Mrs these guys, you jerks super jerks, not nice, not nice at all the temples might be there you got boils. Maybe then Pneumonia meningitis We then the raft she does tat long elections exactly so he found This mould made a substance that could dissolve this bacteria and call penicillin named after the penicillin moulds that made this substance over the next two decades. They experimented with this penicillin and tried to get it in the most efficient form, and they did and if it works essentially by creating holes in a bacterium outer membrane Pennell, letting all of its insides leak out and thereby Killin it dead. If it's not quite micro, tapping, though, that the penicillin prevents bacteria from replenishing theirselves

so as a breaking down, they just don't get any more membrane raising and then and then all of a sudden like parents, that's the noise at it makes embrasure driving their. Turkey are very small yeah. Other antibiotics can can work similar to that or they can interfere with bacterium production of other necessary sub cellular structures or can even prevent bacteria from multiplying. So, yes, we have conquered, at least in theory. We have the substance now that can attack and conquer these bacterium that have just been ravening humanity other animal life for here. Yeah decades and centuries, perfect millennium were go awry outlets coat everything in it all the time, so So that's what we're doing so here we are the modern world. Let's like about some statistics, you ve, probably heard of the outfit call d c d c, the centre for Disease Control here in Atlanta Georgia, where we record the show.

Some sobering statistics worse in one year, two hundred sixty two point: five Million courses of antibiotics are written in the out in setting what that means is that you go see a doctor, you say hey and feel weird. They say I don't know what you're symptoms are yours and penicillin, and you know why, God be with you this number tunas The two point: five million- equates to more than five prescriptions: each year for every six people in the: U S, so did you guys get then about it prescription in twenty fifteen. Yet did you I don't know, I have not passed his cattle. Blur. I actually did not. It was the first year long time where I did not have a dose of antibiotics on and weak like three

infection I was like you know. I think I'm gonna see a doctor about their most the great thing about drugs when you're, like that sick yeah, when you're like my ears, might explode right out of my head. Let's, let's go see a doctor about this thing ray it's, it's a good drug and it's not just its not just for people either right in antibiotic and help it with the. Totally legitimate name of union of concerned scientist being somewhat sarcastic. I leave it to you to check the sources, of course the They had some of the highest estimates for these numbers them and bowed to them were about export Other. So every year they say livestock producers in the? U S use twenty four point: six million pounds of anti microbial, get this India some disease for non therapeutic purposes. That's ten point: three million pounds and pigs Temple million pounds in the chickens and poultry and three point: seven million pounds in cattle and would be

even higher if they measured the anti used therapeutically. The one actually medicine for these right and in the distinction here is really important, because that the non therapeutic purposes includes just like low level pre treatment of animals that aren't sick at all. That could be said that could get sick some day because of a few studies that we're done, which will go into later. But yes it. So it's a huge number of our food animals that are being treated with the stuff, and this means that According to some of the higher estimates, you'll see anywhere from forty percent to ninety percent of antibiotics used in the. U, s are actually for livestock and not for people and even super low, even if it is forty percent, which is so pretty high. That still, why I mean we're talking about life, forms that report

every twenty minutes. The bacteria in Nigeria, the editor these these bacteria reproduce every twenty minutes, its evolution in fast forward. Luckily, we have antibiotics on our side and boy they swell. I feel sick. Do you you have a sore throat giving your Jim bulbous black sprouting from your skin, we'll take a pill and boom you cured right. Working from home conference calls used on me and John with everything we have going on right now. It's never been more important sleep we need, while they sleep is a natural amused and only the sleep number three sixty smart and sensitive movements at automatically just confidence, appoint on both sides to sleep number setting. So all those other things were doing to stay healthy and happy. Well that work better gyp. Now, during the lowest price of the season, the queen sleep number three sixty C4 sport. That is only twelve nineteen

a port at all. It's only for a limited time to learn more go to sleep number, dotcom lives, boards or cancelled, but the world of rustling is holding strong. Can we talk about that? Yes, please, every week we're talking about all things: wrestling enterprise, gas, kind of fun, I'm Ben Superfine, who knows all the angles and gaiety wrestling insider and filmmaker documenting the world behind them, ropes and no matter what the world of sports looks like this. Always something new happening in the square. The circle from either you two new Japan that the Indian beyond we ve got all the latest wrestling gossiping news wasn't a kind of on free. Only on spot of I hears weary crews. Antibiotics are less effective. In the present day, then they were in the past. We are losing our species ancient war. Against these, my organisms. He gets is the part that is not a conspiracy theory. This is a conspiracy fact of of microbes verses us

right yeah. Over the past decade, scientists across the world have noted the rise of bacteria resistant to one or multiple common antibiotic treatments. This is scary, since two thousand, teen. Our folks at the CDC, announced the antibiotic resistant pathogens in the EU this alone sickened two million people a year and play a role in twenty three thousand deaths annually. At least twenty five thousand people die each year in Europe, from infections due to five specific antibiotic rigs resistant bacteria also in the U S, there's the medicine resistance. Staphylococcus then said earlier. You remember that one Orpheus, yes, that those infections kill nearly nineteen thousand people a year, which is

we're than the number of people who die from aids in this country, I yeah another friend sat in twenty fifteen UK scientists announced the rediscovery of bacteria bearing a gene known as M c r, one that gives bacteria resistance to Palestine, is often used by doctors when other antibiotics fail. This. That's the high like the heavy heavy stuff right right. Yet one of the last line of defence it was discovered in China and then Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Portugal and several other asian and african Countries- We know that this resistance gene is spreading and again I cannot emphasise this enough. Bacteria evolve more quickly than animals of our size ever will one of the big problems, one of the big factors, ruby into this is over proscription. A millions of these antibiotics are consumed annually. In the U S, however, it is estimated that as many as half

unnecessary. I don't know if you guys have ever been in a situation that law. No listeners aware you have where you ve come in the Doktor S office and you have something that maybe it's a virus, but you're still prescribed an antibiotic a you know what this happens with respiratory tract infections, the majority of the time those were caused by something via not another bacterial infection, jelly like eighty percent of them in the antibiotics, do absolutely nothing to combat that type of infection. Yeah yeah day they just wave, MRS on down the highway ethanol, that's going on in the in the city of our bodies. Reason for a long time. This happened because for a long time, we as species with civilization thought harmless to prescribe antibiotics, because you know, what's that, what's the hurry

If it is not helping it certainly not going to hurt you yeah sure, so so, if someone came in and like demanded a pill for what was ailing them than doctors would just Theo toss them, cinema cylinder, whatever we Georgia's. Have. We done. Have antibiotics as medicine that we take with a prescription. Oh yeah yeah there there in all kinds of cleaning products to the sale of antibiotics. Soaps may generate as much as a billion dollars per year in the United States alone, but do do they really work better than regular soaps Probably not fun times, ok for, for example, here a study out of South Korea published in twenty fifteen in the Journal of Anti microbial chemotherapy, looked into soaps me with the common active ingredient trick with them and they but there is no statistical difference in the number of bacteria gotten rid of by regular verses

soaps during normal handwashing in order to see a difference, the researchers had to soap stuff, with microbes in the two soap solutions for nine hours. Nine hours yeah. Ok, we don't don't usually wash our hands for nine hours straight with no, I mean there are special cases sure about a couple all night see that some stressful from them you ve got a baby. We all understand your hands, look really clean. They do you just saying that but even if you're not dealing with the things that man is on a daily basis, these active chemicals last autumn. Nine hours in our drains and our runoff, potentially in our water supply, so either They might not be effective on our bodies. They are almost surely at work work on bacterial populations that are, in our environments, driving their evolution. That is certainly something you don't think about when you're, just at the sink washing her some pursue antibiotic stuff like this.

In their hands advertisers, and so it's a rip now totally her. Oh yeah yeah though the FDA is actually consider right now, whether it should even be legal to market and about a cleaning products at all, based on whether they of any any actual benefits, some common these are already reformulated in anticipation of the FDA, is official word on the matter which is coming in September of twenty. Sixteen. That is really scary because of it In my hand, I got one of these hands sanitize her things that kills. Ninety nine point: ninety nine percent of jobs. You guys that's what it says, what are its sanitizing It's not an antibiotic, so it falls into that we'll kill them all, but you're still you're still like kind of unnecessarily killing off. Bacteria populations, and I'm possibly giving some of the populations that don't die that that point O one percent that

Perhaps I might be giving them that genetic, this yeah yeah and it's not just medicine- it's not just soap. I think we should talk a little bit more about the animals. This is the worst part all right, so so those estimates are really interesting because that that you parted earlier ban are really interesting, because the meat industry does not work pour it on how it uses antibiotics and animals, but, like we said it definitely doesn't use them just when there and in this came into practice Some research, like a few decades ago, found the animals pre treated with low level, antibiotics with general We gain weight like up to three percent more than non treated animals and when when you're dealing with with with pennies per animal of profit, a three percent is pretty huge in in the Bay

meet. There has to be a better way to say that while we are talking about millions and millions of those meets of the walking meets that your creating that have a three percent extra amount of meat on it that yeah yeah, so the recently The problem is, that is that treated animals can harbour resistant strains of that yeah that make people sick like salmonella, for example how like some antibiotic resistant salmonella, guys love it. I'm not doing anything. This weekend is the city. The CDC estimates that every year over four hundred thousand people in the United States alone get sick from resistant, salmonella and Campi Low Baxter, why he's another another? Make you puke kind? I dont know thousand says a lot of people are already on their summits. Skip the so two big already it's too beer, you gotta use early work of using it. I was really owes thing about gonna burrito

there's a you know, maybe he's just never eat again. I think that's where other plea we have some more stats about this as well, but yeah yeah. The CDC also estimates that, as many as twenty percent of resistant infections are caused by transfer from our food or from contact with animals. Banning this sub therapeutic use of antibiotics would absolutely lower. The meat industry is profit margin by you know, making its animals overall smaller end and potentially sicker and less able to kept in, shall we say profit up. Rising conditions, intensive farming, I think, as the current euphemism disgusting, that's horrifying gas, but so do you wanna get really really mad guys yea not even the salmonella things. Ok, excellent well in a report and by the USDA that was published in ninety ninety nine researchers. Estimated the annual cost to consumers of

huge change of banning sub therapeutic use of antibiotics. The annual cost consumers would be between four dollars and eighty four cents. Nine dollars and seventy two cents per capita sleep per person per year, yeah, maybe ten dollars. Five to ten dollars yeah. Ok, so so you know it's just that for inflation from ninety ninety nine and- and I guess, like you know- like check your for your privilege, like you know it's easier for me to absorb twenty dollars- a year difference in my food costs than it is for many other human people, but who ha mad about that the resulting when you think about especially just near them When you look at the reasons that they have to or believe that they need to administer these antibiotics because of the conditions and because of that small increase in meat value than the entire time the clock is ticking

lack of evolution reminds me that game. That was once very popular pandemic together. Remember pendant, our that that yeah. Ok, I'm glad that someone else remembers that, because one of the most difficult places that to get into the lake implant pandemic, you play disease, and you can be a virus. You can be a bacteria, you can be something else of analogue fungus and your is to, in fact the world and to end the age of human beings one place? That is the most difficult to get in. Remember what it is right, if even later more deserted. It's gas, yes search area. Madagascar, in that game has the most paranoid effective government on the planet as soon as someone coughs there like shut down the hospital in every body shut down the ports. I am wine there's this game once and I played a disturbing amount of times, but I see

This is its easy to forget that this is happening in real life, where you live right now, unless you live in a clean room, the clock is ticking and we have these. Methods for antibiotic madness. We have our first line of antibiotics methods. Sullen access, sullen penicillin, a mock Sicilian, but as these bacteria are treated, either under dosed doesn t necessarily they survive. They change and we asked and new ways to combat them. So I have we're happens back we should be talking about Lamby yeah, yes, because ok because, as is all doom and gloom, but we do as a species kind of have a plan b were word developing a plan b that I have a lot of hope for personally, because

We ve learned that using this brute force of antibiotics against bacteria is bad, but but what if we could outsmart bacteria- and this seems like- ludicrous thing to say, because bacteria are literally brainless, they don't even have a cell nucleus, so it seems like it would be that hard, but researchers are just now learning how bacteria are so successful and its partially thanks to a form of communication called quorum. Sensing oh- I think I've- I think I've heard of this- is this: how they build networks is a sort of yeah they can. They can produce release and detect these signal molecules that let them know what's up with activity in the colony and even with other species of bacteria that are in the area. It lets a colony of bacteria synchronize, its Jean expression, fur for better survival. Solar some something's bacteria colonies can do through quorum. Sensing are worked together to produce tough bio films that surface colonies that are especially resistant

Antibiotics they can become more or less virulent and they can toggle their pathogenicity on, and was so so if this were a mob of people, it's swarm. Sensing allows one of to say, hey we're, just hang out why don't we kill somebody yeah? Not only does yeah yeah yeah, it's basically. What happens here is that a bacterium, a single bacteria produces and releases these signal molecules when it finds itself in a particular state. When you know it really likes the play hanging out in or doesn't like it or or whatever, okay and detects a lot of sense molecules from other bacteria around it and when it detects enough of any given type of signal, molecule it switches modes to go with what the group is doing. So, ok, so this assembly we ve, and display be somehow tryin like stop that from,

clear now that we understand that is at the idea of all ok, so because I'm sure that you ve talked before on the show about how governments and military sometimes use signal jamming techniques to prevent unwanted communication, in certain circumstances ya. For numb researchers. Working on the bacterial equivalent of that and there's a few different approaches that are being stated they do use chemicals are enzymes too, to disrupt the product signal molecules or to disrupt the reception of signal molecules or to send out for signals, an animal and any of these the potential to trick bacteria to go into a non pathogenic state, even if conditions are ripe source, this is necessarily killing it does Juliet changing to the nine for where he idea. This is just saying like hate to chill guys, you were, you are, were doing and don't do anything else. Why don't we just hang out- and I hope it works

because otherwise we are looking at a future full of super bugs were the play we talked. Michel Yeah- how it never really goes away raw. It just shows up every so often like some, family curse. Well, if our boy, you're senior pesticides, evolves beyond the reach of antibiotics, we can look at the stunning fatal sequel to the original black death and would have any defence again, plague is not over whether from today two dozen nine, your city, a pesticide bacteria, infected over twenty thousand people worldwide and killed one thousand six hundred and twelve, and and six have traditionally knocked out really fast. You know, early detection and treatment are important, but mostly its deadly. If the infection spreads to lungs, causing, what's known, esteem, demonic, plague, Madagascar, two thousand seven plague samples taken from a boy.

Veal, a form of. Why has this resistant to eight different antibiotics, two thousand for teams police, Madagascar. Overall, hundred cases of plague were confirmed in November. We may be approaching imposed antibiotic age, but hey what about pharmacy? we'll companies right that literally their job when they like to save the world, or at least some of the people on it well to answer that question have a nifty quote for you from our friends at the BBC. Suitable research hasn't kept up with the growing resistance of bacteria turned her no new Ip classes of antibiotics have been discovered for twenty five years strains of bacteria now unharmed by nearly all of the drugs designed to kill them making, fictions by these bacteria, almost untreatable?

experts have warned we are decades behind in the race against the super, bugs we ve already, split, the most obvious naturally occurring antibiotics, soon new ones requires much more time and ingenuity, but currently there little financial incentive to do so. Pharmaceutical companies started chronic illnesses to maximize potential profits from new drugs. Imagine if you will a world in which a common infection, something is insignificant, as a deep cut could kill you, a sore throat could lead to death by his fixation a serious burden would almost certainly be a death sentence. It's like we're way back yards and slightly transported all the way back to three fifty see no, we didn't even have to leave our time line. In a world in which many vital medical procedures that depend on

You mean the immune system like chemo, will be essentially useless because there's no way to prevent these souci a risk of infection. Transplants would be a thing of the past. Tattoos would be dangerous treatments for arthritis. Rheumatism also depend on immunity, oppressors and here in the U S, as well as many other parts of the world worst, coping with high rates of HIV transmission, that the virus, of course, attacks, immune those which leads to autonomy and efficiency syndrome. We would return to brutal pass away. Which five women out of one thousand died and childbirth. One and out of nine died when they got a skin infection. Out of ten folks would get Pneumonia three would die and there are some diseases that we that we dont worry about anymore and in developed countries that are caused by bacterial infections. Typhus, tuberculosis, Gonorrhea, hey

system. Connery, another fund, one right up. There was someone else. What are you doing this weekend again, you know even even the scarier ones, that the men and justice, anthrax and impartial ISM researchers are saying this won't be like the imagined zombie apocalypse, but something a lot more insidious people spending longer in the hospital patients getting sicker having more complex and dying, more often, and what I envisioning is a future, at least at the moment where families are having to move back in goods closer to one another, because they cannot afford to live spread out. The way we kind of have over the past few DEC is especially in this country were now. Everyone is work group together everyone's getting sick together and even sicker and getting better together, add to that. Majority of people across the globe now live in what would be called an urban environment, it's easier to transmit sickness now. So that is our conclusion at this point

We leave you, ladies and gentlemen, at the eye of the storm. I guess, because there is possibly storm coming. Will new antibiotic methods happen? Will form companies overcome the financial disincentives to create new jobs actions. Are we going to have to wait until the storm hits Our food industry actually make some changes to, hopefully better some of this situation If they don't do, and if you're wondering what you can do personally, there's lit there's. There is definitely stuff that you can We want an individual level and- and that includes washing your hands before you eat stuff or other. Touch her mucous membrane, know them love them, don't put bacteria in them. Oh dont use antibacterial hopes their ban times. Don't touch poop China to touch poop Europe.

Distance. Well, sorry, guys, like they ate a time where these are seriously deserve. These are good points and an want one more one more if Europe, if you do get proscribed and our bionic by a doctor, make sure that you take it as it was prescribed to you and don't stop halfway through the treatment, no matter whether you're feeling better were not, let's huge, because that beckoned beckoned led to building resistance of bacteria colonies in your body. So what do you think Ladies and gentlemen, we would love to hear from you will humane be able to turn the tide coming to the next leg: the next theatre of the Super bug war, if you would to write to us, we'd love to hear from you were on Facebook and twitter we're conspiracy stuff, if both of those and Warren. Thank you so much for mean onto the show again. I thank you for making me mad. It's great yeah. We pleasure her speaking of being friends. You

mention something on twitter to us, just as just a phone way to close this out. I think something we live. We talked about the show ban, but I think maybe to your attention? I asked attention this thing called the conspiracy crews, where's where're, Caesar rules like ocean. You says did you read much about it? I know I read like half of a blog post from a lady who is there Zuyder who is like exploring it from the sceptics who is in love with the Harvard law? School is actually a lawyer, yeah yeah, it sounded. I mean it sound great I mean I mean I think we should go. This is not an old secret mission by the wave now he's else ease on much more important mission. Neither this is an important I love to send them on their crews, though, so can we vote while he's not here now? Listen as you can vote as well, everybody wants to signal on the crew say I get along.

I just know yet no wait. I want to go to oh ok go you should go and has no one. I yeah I mean it I think that you need back up. I don't wanna Emil cool we did augur. Well, that's fine, I'll, do gotta go. I think I can cross running water. Well, we'll see what I, if I can pack something they can help you get Oh yeah yeah I've got you don't work, goes Julia coffin, dirt or something yet another cousins on it has Well, on that note, we're gonna the warrant. Where can people find you where they wanna hear more of your work out goodness many many places you know got: go ahead Anne and use that Google thing it's pretty fancy. I look up brain stuff or what the stuff with an exclamation point and also a question mark or more directly, you can look me up under EFTA, be thinking on Twitter, that's at after you, thinking that similar, basically everywhere and and and brain stuff is brain

show or brings damages w and forty essential, because it looks in immediate, slightly more optimistic whale exists on the big questions about the future that we tackle here. I was there much more optimistic way: yeah yeah the M d, Dick sensing research is from forward. Think if you want to hear more about quorum, sensing and the future of everything from space exploration to robots to the animals inside of us for the bacteria inside of us, I then do check out forward thinking. Speaking of the future. This is something we always like to end our show with what future topic should recover. Our

ass. I D has come from you. You can tell us on Facebook, you can tell us on Twitter or, if you think, that's a bunch of rigmarole in who blind unnecessary, brouhaha you, then you can write to us directly. We are conspiracy and how stuff works from one this topic, another unexplained phenomena visit Youtube, Dotcom, slash conspiracy, you can get in touch on twitter at the handle conspiracy stuff, If you're, not cheating did not try hard enough said former Cubs first place been marked raised. This is trick duration, a new weekly pod gas, but deep dies into some of the craziest attempts at deception and sports. I'm your host about Waxman,

Each week, I'll interview, key players and some of the most brazen and bizarre attempts to unravel the playing field, all in the name of winning the war How do you make bear in the world like led, Zeppelin, T shirt or something like that and dark glasses, and I gave the signals to my coaches from Mileski That's former Metz manager Bobby Valentine, telling me about the other and he wore disguise. We could manage, after being rejected frauds, cheats, scam, artists, thirty year old, to forge birth certificates to play high school basketball, we'll talk to them all as we attempt to uncover the crazy and dirty tricks of the train, listen and trick racial on the heart. Radio at people bought gases. Wherever he listened to purchase, Fan Japan

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