Getting on the bosses. Good side is just you giving yourself positive affirmations. You never have to fake laugh at the bosses. Lamed jokes, because your hilarious, an awkward chit chat with the boss, would just be awkward. Chit chat with yourself because you are a small business owner born to be your own boss and annex can help with funding solutions for eligible business customers. So you can keep doing what you were made to do. The powerful backing of American Express dont do business without it terms, apply, learn more american, Express Dotcom, slash business will continue stuff. You missed in history class from hast up works, tat com, how low and welcome to the part time Tracy Veal, open, hardly fry today's path of coming out on Christmas Eve, twenty eight team, though they like a good time to take a look at three,

creative works that have become staples of the Christmas season. All three of them have played a huge part in how people observe and celebrate Christmas and parts of the world, and they all happens. I have milestone birthdays this year, so a Christmas care by Charles Dickens turned a hundred and said The five on December nineteenth, the pole, a visit from Saint Nicholas turned a hundred ninety five on December. Twenty. Third, probably we're gonna talk a little bit about that, too and then the song still Knox or so night is turning two hundred on the day that this episode comes out I'll tell you that if you had asked me before any of this research land into my hand, I would have reversed the order that I believed they were in terms of age. You would have, but the would have it silent night as the youngest one yeah I don't know why, but in my brain it seems They were, I dont know why. I think I bet

Did you a perception that I always see a Christmas Carol, or I have often seen a Christmas Carol played out in timing, costumes, and that has always been the case with the other two. So in my head. Those must thus must be the younger ones. I think that's what it is. We are going to start with the youngest of these three works, and that is Charles Dickens is a Christmas Carol, improves being a ghost story of Christmas first published by Chapman, and all on December nineteenth eighteen, forty three and this novella begins with the authors. Note quote: have endeavoured in this ghostly little book to raise the guy, of an idea which shall put my readers out of humour with themselves with each other with the season or with meme may at haunt their houses plus. Lee and no one wish to let their faithful friend and servant c d, today's readers may miss the double meaning of to lay it, which meant both too late. Look down and to lay the ghost dickens was raising to rest, then,

the black lives onto the relatively on Christmassy. Opening line of Marley was dead. To begin with, there is no doubt whatsoever about that. Then it entreaty Ebeneezer Scrooge quote a tight fisted hand at the grindstone, a squeezing wrenching grasping, scraping, clutching covetous old centre. There's off his jolly and kind hearted nephew Fred is ill treated. Employee, Bob Cratchit, Cratchit son, tiny TIM ghosts of Marley in the Spirit of Christmas past present and yet to come. The story, of course follow suit Does he becomes a kinder and more generous person through the intervention of all these spirits? God bless us everyone a Christmas Carol. Is commonly maimed as one of the best selling books of all time, though, because its age. That's actually pretty tricky to confirm and this There are also hundreds and hundreds of adaptations across many genres and many types of media. You can see Flickr

of it in everything from it's a wonderful life to how the Grinch till Christmas None of this colossal popularity is new when it was first published in it forty three, its first round of sixpence, and copy sold out in just a week. And within two months of its debut eight different dramatic versions were already being staged, but Charles Dickens didn't originally set out to write a book when he wrote a Christmas Carol, His original and tat was a pamphlet earlier in eighteen, forty three, he had read a report on child labour in Britain and he had also visited what he described as a ragged school the urbanization, industrial innovation and the eighteen. Thirty four poor laws had all combined to create a system of really devastating poverty and nineteenth century England

conditions at a lot of the factories. We're just appalling and children employed in the factories frequently did exhausting and dangerous work. This whole system was also set up so that the poor were forced to go work and work houses, but the conditions at those work houses were so terrible and dehumanizing that people would do anything rather than to go. There Dickens S, thoughts so on. All of this were certainly influenced by his own lived experience when was a child. His father was placed in a debtors prison over an unpaid bakery bill Dickens. We ve school and work in a boot. Blacking factory, throw dickens, wanted do something about all of this, then he initially planned a pamphlet called an appeal the people of England on behalf of the poor man's child, but he quickly too I did that a work of fiction might do a better job of getting his point across ban a pamphlet. Would he also had a prank

oh motivation to write a book instead of a pamphlet. He flat out the money he had just come. From a tour of the. U S where he had been treated like a celebrity but be earned very much, so he needed to write a work that would sell, and that meant a book, not a pamphlet. He cranked out Christmas Carol over just a couple months of writing, while also working on the life and adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit as a cereal and he's described as basically the most famous writer living at that moment, and so he went on this whole tour of the. U S and Canada and was just hailed everywhere that he went but did not earned putting up with it A Christmas Carol really emphasise as a law that was going on at the time that it was written, there's the victorian fascination with ghosts and the supernatural the heart poverty and morality, the carrot

of Ebeneezer Scrooge, really embodies commonly held attitudes towards the poor, seeing them as a burden on society who just deserve the cruelties and degradation of the workhouse. This liberation of Christmas in Britain was also shifting during this time Christmas tree, he's Turkey, dinners decorating with evergreens gifts in greeting cards were all becoming more and more popular, so occur Carol, both reflected and reinforced. The Victoria, idea of how to celebrate Christmas. It's also credit. With popularizing, merry Christmas as a Christmas greeting and with the idea that there be snow. At Christmas Eve though a Christmas Carol, was an instant best seller, Dickens Didn, make merely of much money with it, as he hoped- and this was mostly because of his own decisions. He wanted. This look to be really nice with fancy gilded bindings that woodcuts and edgings and extravagant lettering all that stuff cost money.

He even made a last minute changes to the title and M pages of the books, because he wasn't satisfied with the original versions. All of this was very expensive and cut very deeply into his profits that entire first thing only netted two hundred thirty pounds, and that was a fraction of the thousand pounds that he had hoped to make offer this book. In its first year, a Christmas Carol sold fifth thousand copies any after that? You still was not anywhere close to that thousand pound mark. So he made a business manager to explain like how the balance of of profit works and while the book was not a financial success at all, it was incredibly well received. It was nicknamed new gospel, William make Peace Thackeray described it, as quote a national benefit, and to every man and woman who reads it. A personal kindness, it also appears

we have inspired exactly the kind of charitable mindset that Dickens had tat it would when he decided to write it the following spur, in gentleman's magazine, reported quote more extensive. Kindness has been dispensed to those who are in want at the present season than at any proceeding one later on. Robert Louis Stevenson wrote to a friend that, after reading this book, he wanted to quote, go out and comfort, some one and he insisted in the same letter that the idea of not handing out money to people who needed it was just nonsense on top of all them Christmas Carol launched the genre of Christmas books. It also, popularized, the genre of Christmas ghost stories, although the british tradition of telling go stories around a fire in winter, definitely predates dickens as work taken faces. Disparity We now have book was received and how much money he made off of it with a lot of frustration, he's summed up his

chagrin in a letter. Saying quote what a wonderful thing it is that such a great success should occasion me such intolerable anxiety and disappointment. It took him in ten years after the spring came out to really get on stable financial footing. At the same time, though he was genuinely glad that it inspired such a wave of seasonal goodwill and really spread the idea that employee we had a duty not to be completely horrible to their employees. I dont know why that tickles me, but it does Today, Dickens is original. Handwritten manuscript of Christmas Carol is at the morgue and library and Museum in New York City, and they put it on display their every Christmas season. I don't I have been at the morgue in at exactly that when their showing it. But when I realized tat I was like do I need to go to New York between the end of the year. I dont think I do we will get Since you are next little piece of culture after a quick sponsor break,

This episode is brought to you by the all new twenty twenty Forward explorer Tracy. I know that you have been thinking about an interesting thing lily, which is why your pic would be for the greatest exploration vehicle of all time. Yeah I'm gonna go with the research vessel petrol that was owned by the late Paul element bound. So many shipwrecks, which are the listeners love that we started to make jokes got it like. We were like, and this is a ship FUCK that wasn't found by that vessel well be all new twenty twenty four explorer is the greatest exploration vehicle of all time. There are a lot of places that have been explored by other vehicles, but this We call the fort explorer is going to take you to places that you might not think of as explorations, but really and be, for example, Maybe you can navigate your life and you have to get around town, which can be a whole big problem, especially if you live in a city like Atlanta were trafficked, tends to be congested. Maybe you just want to go on a great vacation in writing in a perfect vehicle makes it.

Ideal ride, or even just mundane things like going to the grocery store. Sometimes that is a true feet to achieve. If you buy groceries the way I do what you can do all of this and more with the all new twenty twenty four explorer. That's all you, twenty twenty four to explore the greatest exports vehicle of all time. People may know our next subject, which is the poem a visit from Saint Nicholas by another name. The night before Christmas, a visit from Saint Nicholas, sometimes also called an account of a visit from St Nicholas, and it was first published in the Troy Sentinel of Troy New York on December 23rd, one thousand eight hundred and twenty three. This is the one that starts twas the night before Christmas. When all through the house, not a creature, was stirring, not even a mouse.

The narrator and his wife in the story are settling in for bed when Saint Nicholas arrives in a miniature sleigh pulled by eight tiny reindeer in the first. Printing, they were named Asher dancer, Prince her vixen comment, Cupid Dunder and bleak. Some, not listen, Saint Nicholas and not honour is described as chubby and plump right, Jolly old else, he comes down the chimney with a bound. He fills all the stockings with presence, and then he goes back up the chimney before flying away. Exclaiming Happy Chris to all and all a good night. We the how a Christmas Carol really reinforced and spread the way that the Victorians were celebrating Christmas. This poem had a huge effect on how people think about Christmas, especially Saint Nick among other things, a visit from Saint Nicholas really cemented Jolly old Saint Nick as this rotund and laughing person with twinkling eyes and a sleigh pulled by eight reindeer who comes into people's homes.

By sliding down the chimney, but that's not the first ever up Europe of sliding down the chimney, but it did really popularize all of that, and then there are also the sugar plums which went on to become a prominent part of the Nutcracker sweet in eighteen. Ninety, two after that, first appearance The poem in eighteen, twenty three, the toy Sentinel reprinted. A visit from Saint Nicholas every year, still anonymously. Over the years. It went through various edits, mostly related to changes in spelling, for example, in earlier editions of the poem the narrator sprung from the bed. But later he sprang Of course, dunder and Black some became Dunder Michelin. No I'm kidding became Donner and blitz him. The poem was picked up in other publications as well as poem grew in popularity. People started writing into the Troy sentinel to talk about or to ask about who author, wise and eighteen

whence he nine the paper printed, that they could only say that it was some one quote by birth and residence to the city of New York and that he is I am for men of more merit as a scholar and a writer than many of more noisy pretensions, then and AIDS, thirty seven, Charles Fellow Hoffman, published a book called New York Book of poetry, in which he named the author of a visit from Saint Nicholas as his friend Clement Clark. More more, was a scholar and a professor at the general theological seminary in New York City, where he taught subjects the hebrew and greek literature is otherwise, included a two volume Compendious Lexicon of the hebrew language at first more didn't really acknowledge. Hoffman claim that he had written a visit from Saint Nicholas, but an eighteen for he included the work in an anthology of his poetry,

said that he had written it for his children back in eighteen, twenty two and that he had never intended for it to be made public outside their family at all them common explanation for how it came to be in the pages of the toy. Sentinel within a family friend, name Sera. Harriet butler had visited that Christmas of eighteen twenty two and taken a copy of this, family Poem home with her and then sent it to the centre all the following year, without telling more about it in eighteen, due to the librarian of the New York. Historical society asked more. A hand rate a copy of it for their collections, and he did the scale of an online at the New York, historical society, museum and library website at the time societies librarian noted that when they were discussing this request for a manuscript, more said, his inspiration for his depiction of Saint Nick was quote a portly rubicund The Dutchman living in the neighborhood he rode out other copies

poem on request as well. However, there is also a impeding claim to the authorship of a visit from Saint Nicholas Descent, and of major Henry Livingston Junior had said that he not more was the one who wrote the poem all the way back in roughly eighteen o eight a few years after the aid forty, four and of Moors poetry came out the Livingston learned about it and various members of the family started writing to each other about how more was taking credit for their father or grandfathers poem, depending on who was doing the writing but they didn't really go public. What their allegations until the early nineteen hundred's. By that why are they really have to go on with this claim? Was their family law family members who had said they had personal memories of it, had all died and then Livingston himself had been dead for sixteen years. When more biology came out, so even when that anthology came out, they could not just go. Ask him: hey! Is this the poem that you wrote that

Fresno original handwritten copy of a visit from St Nicholas from one thousand eight hundred and eight or one thousand eight hundred and twenty two, the live in family said they had a manuscript with handwritten notes, but that it was destroyed, in a fire around eighteen, fifty nine, so this hesper the debate over who should actually get credit moors. Supporters have point: out that the choice that no described the poet as a scholar from New York City? More was a scholar and was born in New York City, and when this poem was first published, he was living in an estate in Chelsea Manhattan. Look. Then, on the other hand, was neither a scholar nor from New York City. It was short a gentleman farmer living in Poughkeepsie roughly eighty miles, or a hundred and twenty nine kilometers north of New York City. More Supporters also question: why more would take credit for the poem if he didn't write it going so far as to write out copies for historical collections, especially since I see,

kind of embarrassed that it has even been published in the first place. More is that Actors, on the other hand, have contended that he was too preachy and cranky. You have written such a light, hearted poem and also that he hated children. They ve also note that Moors family member escape three completely different stories about what inspired him to write it, one was that it was written to cheer up assign after he was thrown from a horse and broke his leg. Another. Was it. He wrote it after having to go out on Christmas Eve to find a turkey after the butcher didn't deliver theirs, and the last was that it was written hearing the bells jingling on his horse while travelling to his Chelsea estate by sleigh. So they point to the existence of these three desperate story of ever find that none of them are true. Some of spelling changes made to the poem over the years have also been brought up as evidence that more did right. It especially dunder and black. Some two donner and blitz in

dunder and bleak. Some is supposedly derived from the dutch words for thunder, enlightening and Livingston spoke Dutch. However, More spoke German and Donner and Blitz is german for thunder and lightning get thunder. And daughter are really the words for thunder, neither bleak them nor blitz in is exactly the word for lightning its cloves and there's two languages moors detract We have also brought up a hand written note on the title page of a book, but he donated to the New York historical society. The note says by climate, see Four a m. This book is that Translation of another work and wars detractors say that this is evidence that he made a habit of just taking credit for other people's work, but his support. There's counter that this note is not even in his hand, writing and that probably not him trying to say I translated this book, but it's just that

rotation written by someone else at the historical society too much who donated the book today. Instant supporters, include Donald Foster, a Vassar College who wrote the unknown on the trail of Anonymous and Mcdonald P Jackson. Of the University of Auckland, author of who wrote the night before Christmas. The living the Clement Clark, more versus Henry Livingston question, both Mr M Jackson ground their arguments in linguistic forensics with Jackson's book having such chapter titles as the evidence, of meter. Stick nickel interlude. Phony pairs, definite and indifference. Articles and favorite expressions and corks of style of these men, argue that the poem uses language in a way that makes it more likely to be livingstons than moors, and actions. Analysis. The most important part is quote. The frequency of common words, such as

de on as add to that, would and some locations Tasmania and in vain and phony pairs comprised of the last phonetic symbol on in one word in the first in the next Jackson goes to state that these elements of language are not easy to imitate and are outside the conscious control of a writer after fosters. But author unknown was published historic document dealer Seth Keller published a point by point Ro bubble of the various claims against climate more as author of a visit from Saint Nicholas, including fosters forensic analysis when it comes to the more subjective claims of things like Moors Temperament Keller's report, this sort of no, he wasn't jerky pedant, who hated kids here, are examples, but when it came to the linguistic analysis collar contended that foster cherry pick, the evidence that supported the idea that live and was the author wildly

carding everything that did not support his idea. Keller conclude unequivocally that more wrote the poem Mcdonald, P Jackson, look just came out in April of twenty six team, so it is really knew and there are really have not been a lot of scrutiny. Into whether his analysis holds up. I found one blog post on that subject and nothing in any Peer review journal or anything like that. The book author unknown as much older. So there has been a lot more writing about whether those conclusions are valid. However, its important. To note that there is a debate about whether linguistic forensics can reliably and conclusively identify the author of a work at all, especially as the field stands right now. The field itself is kind of divided over this issue of can linguistic forensics conclusively identify the author unknown work, and several of you,

stirs. Other attempts to use forensic linguistics in criminal investigations have been completely wrong. This includes falsely implicating the wrong man in the September. Twenty eleven anthrax attacks in the United States, which led to a massive defamation suit Keller jacks and foster, are just the latest round of people to weigh in on this topic. It's been the sub the ongoing debates about nineteen twenty, and, at this point we'll find the poem attributed in a lot of different ways. Encyclopaedia Britannica His entry on the poem, a tribute to neither man but acknowledges the issue of its authorship in a paragraph, the EC me of american poets lists more as the author, as do various publications from the? U S, library of Congress, the poetry foundation confusingly has the poem on two different pages on its website. One. Attributed to more and the other attributed the Livingston Livingstons

I agree. The poetry foundation lists him unequivocally as the author, while Moors points out the lack of concrete evidence in livingstons claim before saying scholars today, the credit to Livingston. I don't know it scholarships about what I am not a linguist, I am not a forensic scientist. But as a poet I find idea that you can conclusively determined But who would the author was of a five hundred in something word poem with some computer analysis. I find that specious having a conversation with somebody about this yesterday and I I think that a forensic linguistics has the potential to some day beast. Of like finger printing in terms of identifying people. But at this point lot more, like four analogy, so that's my

I read a lot of very frustrating charts of words in their use: indifferent works by climate, more and And living thin and I'd, I found it out here, frustrating and other side note. This is happy only. He said she said back and forth about the authorship of Christmas Classic Medford Matthew, It's the Van Georgia to cities I cannot think of Morgan, Went from one another have both claimed to be Place where James Pierpont Route Dingle bells. But even have their own plaque about it. Each city having a plaque saying this is where where he wrote, Dingle bells overlap, couple years. There has been a whole other argument raised about that author or that location of where it was written, which is that it might not be either of them. They might both be wrong. Both cities, how feel extremely passionately about? It?

and we are going to move on to something that that has a much clearer authorship after another quick break This episode of stuff you missed in history class, is brought to you by eighty tea. Would you like at the latest innovation and smart home security, combined with twenty four seven monitoring from the most trusted name in homes, security. If so Eighty is for you. Eighty has a team of professionals that will design and install a secure, smart home just for you and there seen thousand employees safeguarding you is connection to first responders. You'll get the nations number one: smart, home security provider and you'll get a secure, smart home with everything from video, doorbells indoor, an outdoor cameras, smart locks and lights all controlled from the aid. Eighty app or using the sound of your voice, and you can. Professionally monitored carbon monoxide and smoke, detection, which I know is a huge factor and safety for a lot of families you lost,

a system that is custom design just for your home, and the great thing is that all of this safety can be taken on the go. Whether a car whether your grocery shopping, your work, your kids, School, you just need the eighty go up, which has a handy s, o s button. This happened. It was brought to you by eighty tee. The still I knocked known in English is silent night. Our silent might homely night was created, in the seem teams, infants, member Holly, nor I speak German. We do not want to traumatized people with a leg priest Where is the attempt to read lyrics in German? Instead? Here is the beginning of the song from a nineteen fourteen,

recording sung by Julia COPE. The most common english translation of this sort is by a pistol priest, John Freeman Young, who was born in pits the meme and later became Bishop of Florida.

Eighteen, fifty nine version starts silent night wholly night, always I'm always bright round virgin mother and child wholly infants, tender and mild sleep in heavenly peace, sleep in heavenly peace, the original german lyrics to still enact were written by Joseph, more more, have been born into poverty and Salzburg, and on December 11th, one thousand seven hundred and ninety two, and when he was still a child, a local priest started. Turning him and saw that he had it. For music. This priest helped him education, including studying music IDA, Benedictine Monastery, more also attended the Lyceum School in Salzburg in eighteen, even more entered seminary, something that he had to get a special dispensation to do, because his parents had not been married he was ordained in one thousand, eight hundred and fifteen, and in one thousand eight hundred and sixteen he moved to the town of Marriott and Lindau in the Austrian Alps for his

Simon as an assistant priest, This area was also where his father's family was from, and it was where he wrote that poem. That would become the lyrics too silent might in eighteen. Sixteen, he never described a special. Big inspiration for the poem but Maria Far tray of late to Marries parish had been the spiritual and at heart of the lingo region for centuries, and it had all really really struggled in the wake of the napoleonic wars and had been occupied. I'd buy bavarian troops and those troops were finally withdrawing at about the same time that more started working there. So it makes a lot of sense that all of this would come together to inspire a poem about the birth of Christ. That prominently featured the themes of peace, love, salvation work. As an assistant priest required more to move from place to place than by eighteen eighteen, he had arrived in open doors by solves

roughly eighty miles sets about a hundred thirty kilometers northwest of Maria on the austrian border, unlike Maria far This region had been through its share of turmoil, starting in the thirty century. It had been part of a state that was ruled by the Prince archbishops. The city of Salzburg, but an eighty three. It had been forced to secularize there. After the napoleonic wars, the Congress of Vienna drew a new border through a region and what had been its own entity was divided up and absorbed into Austria and Bavaria. Part of this boat. Builders, who made up most of the population of open door for really struggling after the new border was drawn. A parish was established at open door by sea. The east side of the river and Laughin Bavaria on the West, the war had also affected the salt trade, which is a major part of the local economy, so laborers than boat builders, who made up most of the population of open door for really struggling

the new border was drawn. A parish was established at open door by Salzburg at the Church of Saint Nicholas is where more became assistant priest in eighteen, eighteen as us, no more did not get along with the parish priest there who accused him of, among other things, singing eggs, which do not edify outside of his regular studies at first Gruber went into the family linen business, but when he turned eighteen, his father gave. Born born on November twenty fifth, seventeen, eighty seven and his parents were linen weavers, but Real interest was in music and his teacher encouraged this internship and gave him some music lessons outside of his regular studies, o seven the Gruber went into the family linen business, but when he turned eighteen, his father gave him permission to find work, as a teacher Gruber hope the teaching would let him keep pursuing music. It was pretty common for teachers to also work as church organist

He found an internship with another organist and he got his first job as a teacher in eighteen, o, seven and eighty eighteen, he was working as the organist at the Church of Saint Nicholas, along with working as a school teacher, a church caretaker and as organist at another church on Christmas Eve. Eighteen, team. More went to Gruber and asked him to write a melody to go along with that poem. He had written two years earlier, more wanted something suitable for a choir with two soloists, accompanied by a guitar, and it's not totally clear what prompted this request: one, part of is that the church organ was broken. Today. There are a lot of really dramatic explanations for what was wrong with the organ include, A mouse infestation It's really not they instigated anyway, and the fact that the organ was broken is really speculative. Whatever. Reason Gruber

the music and presented it to more on that same day in Gruber, Scribe did as just a simple composition, but more was pleased enough with it that he does added to included as part of that night Christmas Eve. Mass more the tenor, part and plead the guitar and groups saying the base part very little is known about this first performance on Christmas, Eve, eighteen, eighteen, but grew leader, described it as receiving quote general approval by all. So still enough started out as a simple song for Christmas Eve with lire by an assistant priest and a melody by a church organist, because what I really love about this story. They please we're just regular people doing their regular work at their local church, performing for a congregation of labourers and their families. All living at a place that had just come through a war and was struggling economically and in the year.

That followed the song continued to be performed all around us part of Austria. There are surviving copies of the music and lyrics that belong to various teachers, choir directors, vicars and the like by the eight, thirties, the song had started to spread beyond Austria, mostly three travelling groups of family singers. One was the dress, family singers, who perform the song in Leipzig in eighteen. Thirty, two a newspaper go. Promoting the upcoming concert even said that the writer hoped that they would sing stealing knocked meaning that by point. The song performed there before It is not known exactly how and when the song spread beyond Europe, but their Rayner family singer started a north american tour in aid thirty nine and they perform the song on Christmas day of that year. But in the process, copying and passing along this music people had left off the attribution of more and Gruber by the eighteen. Fifty spoke

trying to figure out who had written this song, but at this point had become incredibly popular. Word got back to Gruber about the search it on December thirtieth eighteen, fifty four, he wrote his often take account of the origin of the Christmas Carol, silent night wholly night. Of course, that was real. Titled in German by the turn of the twentieth century, I went night had been performed in one language or another, on almost every continent, too. It has been translated into more than three hundred languages and dialects it also remembered as one of the song sung during the Christmas Eve truce in World WAR, one two thousand and eleven UNESCO designated it as an intangible cultural heritage, Bing Crosby's, one thousand nine hundred and thirty five version is reportedly the number three best selling single of all time. You see that statistic, alas, how they I'm up with. It is a little unclear and, of course,

more and Gruber both live their own lives after that first performance of silent night and their song becoming so popular. More Brittany from Paris to Paris on various assignments becoming known as a social reformer. In his later work is a parish priest and he died on December. Fourth, one thousand eight hundred and forty eight continued to teach and work as an organism and acquire director. He was married three I'm sorry marrying after the death of his first and second wives. He also had at least of children, but only for live to adult head one of them? his son Felix, followed in his footsteps as a composer and a musician. We were died on June, seventh, eighteen sixty three, the Saint Nicholas It is no longer standing, but today there, chapel on the former site, known as the been dwarf silent Night Chapel, The guitar that more played also still survives and is in a museum. I find that story kind, a lovely just having a little story,

about a simple song that date around for two hundred years. It is very sweet. I also before we and some listener mail. I wanna thank Christopher Huffy Otis, who did some research for this day in history class about the first publication of a Christmas Carol, which became a part of the research for that part of today's episode. So thanks Christopher, so you mentioned Lister mail. Does that mean you have it ready to roll? I knew I have listener mail that is about the cable cars of San Francisco. It is from in and said When you did your research for this episode, you probably noticed that a lot of cable cars systems around the world were developed from San Francisco system. This is before electric street car technology took over you needn't New Zealand was the first city to copy the San Francisco cable cars. It too has a lot of steep streets, one of which Baldwin Street, as in the Guinness Book of World records, were being the world's seepage residential street. Sadly, the system clothes in the nineteen fifty

he's, my hometown of Wellington. New Zealand has a cable car. It originally used a cable system similar to the San Francisco system, but in the late, ten Seventys was re, built as financial or type of cable cars. Like France, then disco, Wellington. Cable car has been kept going when it face competition from other forms of transport because it had become a tourist icon. Sadly, the same could now we said for Wellington, other transport, icon, the trolley bus system, it closed in late. Twenty seventeen spite being the last regular commercial system in Australasia, trial, buses are electric buses which gets their power from overhead wires like street cars, also known as trams. Do Cities around the world are placed their street car systems with trolley buses before, may the switch to diesel bustles for public transport, glass, gas

let has have the third oldest subway system in the world when it was first built. It used cable cars because electric technology was in its infancy and because regular steam locomotives would have filled the tunnels with smoke. And Melbourne. Australia is famous for now having the largest tram or street car in the world. However, the system started out as a cable cars system before being gradually upgraded to electric one guy. I work with on the railroad here in Australia, told me that in his previous role, they were killed, Billy digging up bits of old cable cars system, as they did upgrades to the electric tramp system. Thank you once again, and thank you for this note in I'm just gonna note again, because I always do. I don't sound like an Australian. What I try to say Melbourne, but that's because I'm not an australian whites I in operating under false pretences, you're from Australia. This whole time, though I so weird so. We ve got a number of notes from folks about various street car.

And cable, car and trams system. So thank you so much for sending that we also got. It Austin on Twitter because our tweets about the episode called the same for the school system, the oldest system of its kind. So someone on Twitter also asked what exactly of their kind meant because Lisbon has cable cars that are like San Francisco and a helpful person. Chimed in to note that the sanctions cars are the last manually operated system in the world. The other systems in the world who have a very similar system of underground cables and big wheels that turn the whole thing are automatically operate? rather than manual at this point. So thank you for that. Twitter discussion, if you would like to write to us about this or any other podcast where history podcast stuff works. Dotcom were also all over social media at missed in history. That is where you ll find our Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest UK

Go to our website which, as MR history dot com and find, show notes for the episodes Holly and I have worked on together because of the nature of this episode. It includes linked to be able to read tired of these works you talked about because they are in the public domain name and theirs although a veritable archive of every episode ever, you can do oh, that this than history dot com and you can subscribe to our show on Apple plaid here, asking hurt radio aptly and wherever you get pod count for more on this and thousands of other topics visit, Housetop work, dot, com.

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