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coming in this new. I hot series this time tomorrow presented my team above a business. Join me as well. I shouldn am I cursed car price as we walk you through the true revolution in mobility. That will change the way we interact with the world around us join us, and here, just how close we are getting to a more connected. This time tomorrow is now available on the eye, hot radio up or wherever you listen to port costs. Welcome to stuff you missed in history class from Housetop works, dot, com, hello and welcomed the Pied cast Iron, Katy Lambert and I'm very daddy, and this makes me feel pretty victorian. I wanna let everybody now that I have been to have news this shell before and I think Katy. You upset yeah back in college, Jack and college easier. The show I went to within the jam and the hypnotist. You know

out from the audience we did some of em out and then supposedly hypnotized the rest and It was tat I mean I didn't do anything that they would be only a shame to have. There is actually chickens, the length flapped all around the silicon, clucking, Brittany, spirits. Damn thing I wanted, I now without being hypnotized and faith in lake slumping in your seat. There is definitely no looking with needles or shooting of or knives under fingernails, which I'm really glad of, because I think that would have made me very uncomfortable to see at college perform, and now I want my money is worth cash. Well, ok! It's finally almost Halloween. We ve been talking about these spooky topics for the past month, We're gonna bring our theories to a close, with a little discussion of hypnosis, coming civically, its predecessor mesmerism, which, if you ve ever heard of it, it's probably relations,

word mesmerized, it's pretty weird spooky on its own, but it's also connected to so many famous names at a threshing pretty interesting, especially for US history lovers, Thea string people connected to it. Don't always have all that much in combat an illustrious list. It is very ass, and when you look at some of the literature of the time, it becomes really here that, regardless of whether people thought it was a scammer nodded, had a big influence on the public consciousness. During the enlightenment and then again during the victorian era, which is what I always connected to his while definitely are a foe, Katy get him a time. Mesmerized are throwing a start with friends on time. Mesmer who You know hypnosis had been around for a long time, obviously connected the sorcery and magic in medicine, but its scientific history started with this mesmer guy

He was born in what is now Germany and seventeen thirty four and a he attended the University of Vienna and in seventeen sixty six, he wrote his dissertation on animal gravitation and that sounds not at all like what it is that his idea partly inspired by this british position, Richard need, but measures idea was that we all had this invisible fluid inside of us and in fact everything in nature had this invisible fluid and the fluid. Controlled by the gravitational attraction of the planet felt like the moon. Untied exactly felt like you have internal tides inside your body and in seventeen seventy three. He met patient Fraulein Austerlitz, who had some physical problems and so I decided to put his theories to the task. Let's see, if her title fuck, you

Missions are out of balance. So he trying to create this Fischler tied in sight of her by having her swallow in iron solution, which sounds terrible but remaining. There is iron and my cereal sprinkle at an he'd ever do that highschool chemistry experiment. Then he put magnets stomach and legs, and she said she felt this occult force this fluid in her body and began to feel better and eventually she completely recover after a few treatment, though, obviously, word gets around about something like that, happening and overtime. Smart tweaked, his theory and rename it animal magnetism which again doesn't family It is an he considered that the fluid far the laws of magnetism. So it's weird, but at this point everything starting to feel a little more legitimate and scientifically some vague sigh of our laws, but it also got worse

we're in more ritual listing and that's partly because of the rituals mesmer himself attached to it. He figured that disease was the result of fluid blockages or some sort of death. Equal library m of these internal tides and the operator so the mean what we would consider the hypnotist today the mesmer mesmerist could help risk. Were that balance by acting as a conduit to the greater world of magnetic fluid that you couldn't access that magnetic fluid just alone, but somebody else could do it for shower for operator and this was done- with a magnetized object or by the passing of hands over the patient called magnetic passes, and eventually the patient would experience. What he called a crisis which was a trance times ending in convulsions and delirium. We are. We found this all a bit suggestive, fierce justice, especially when you consider that most of the patients

and then to use a guy, so he even came up with a special tool that he invented for the purpose of treating multiple patients at once called, I think, by k and Surprisingly, he gets famous for his crazy some ice suitors here, antics, Mozart is a follower and he even performs music and mesmerism honour and then So, unsurprisingly, there's a scandal and the viennese positions expose Mesmer the fraud. He leads Austria in disgrace and goes to Paris and seventeen. Seventy eight and he found the pretty willing audience in Paris and partly because the city was already so a wash in all these discussions. And demonstrations of gravity and magnetism and electricity. So this idea about this magnetic force fluid in your body seem to fit more or less, then with the rest of it and he would set the mood for these

illustration playing the instrument: does your, which was Franklin's Glass harmonica to induce deeper trances, and Sarah says you have go here which I haven't. I don't think you can ever could never describe what it sounds like, but I mean it's kind of like a fever. Seen anybody play crystals with water, except there all stocked on top of each other, and it can be played honestly say: you're, not chiming away at it. It's a very uri, mysterious, sound and just sort of a weird side note on the glass harmonica. Eventually, people thought that it was dangerous to your mental health of authority ironic that is being used in conjunction with Are you mesmerism? They thought that listening to the glass harmonica, if you already in a delicate state could possibly calls mental illness. So maybe you shouldn't

into it. Actually, maybe in small those are you ok. So far you ve left, I'm feeling all right. I don't know. I only listen to like a couple youtube. Videos were the Al Chicken with you tomorrow, but Marie twin that really liked mesmer and he was, I think she was just bored at that court. Before we go on us, he was frequently invited to the french court performed for the queen, but that ultimately prove to be his downfall, because Louie, the sixteenth was not so under. This whole thing he's dick. So he put together a commission to investigate mesmerized science could end quote the member. Klute Ben Franklin and one Lavoisier, the Paris marriage on baby, uneven doctors, Doktor Joseph Computer, who knows is behind- Something else I alone am name Abigail weirdly, a few of the commission members meet their fate with do the real deal dont get into pseudoscience Franklin is about

sickly at the time. So this commission works from his house and movement of course enemies. He wants to defend his reputation, he has to defend it, but he also wants to distance himself from the commission. You don't want to go there mass himself and demonstrate periods in your ideas and have it all blow up in your face, especially if you have a suspicion that you might be a bit fry won't work quite right, or maybe the maybe, wouldn't even think that you to think of the commission. Let us get it right. So Mesmer sends an assistant doktor Charles Dublin, two reference and him that way. You know if this guy messes up mesmer can blame it on him, so doesn't demonstrated some of mesmerism techniques for the panel. At one point he magnetized tree and then had this subject. Idea tree that had the most forth and fortunately, the twelve year old, blindfolded boy going in the wrong direction thing. You know, I feel the force increasing

tree a going down a line of trees going further and further away from the ongoing no tree be Makin tv, Imagine the guy watching, listen, you know basin in hand, one then the kid faint yeah not put an end to the demonstration it so few of these, and the commission concludes that there is no scientific evidence behind mesmerism. They publish your poor and that's really that for Mesmer himself in Paris he falls out a favor almost immediately, he dies and obscurity, but he does not fall out of memory. Now he stole back of everyone's heads, one of his main and as our memory shock to Shasta, nay, whose aim Marquis an aristocrat who starts doing Experiments with mesmerism, with the help of a young man on his estate, even before Mesmer, was out of commission and them he would hypnotize the guy and then leave him with no memory, and he came to believe

that the magnetic effects depended on the operators, belief and the report with a patient. So more like the two people vault in it, and the relationship between the two than just I am wearing a yawned math mesmeric. It is right that Mesmer himself was doing and it essential You know the guy who is working with will talk quite openly when he's in this matter I stay. Tell em tell this arrest aquatic master of his things that he wouldn't normally say like. I had a fight with my sister and then after he get some advice on how to deal with that. He has no recollection, but he still acts on the advice. Weird stuff like that. So it's still sounds kind of out there, but the marquise work in seventeen. Eighty four on his experiments are sometimes consider the start of modern psychotherapy. In I mean I can see that to a certain extent, rather talking to each other in train. Drawing running out their answer. Some

tourism some really started to get its second wind in the eighteen, thirties and fortys. It spread to the United States and influenced William James, the psychologist and Henry James and it was simultaneous, supported and just proven in eighteen, forty three by the english doktor James Braid. He concluded that this whole fluid idea was nonsense, but he also decided that these physical so where real and they are produced by a quote- a peculiar condition of the nervous system induced by a fixed and abstracted attention and quote so. This is a The thing you induce it through this through this process and then it does have effects on your nervously has nothing to do with magnetic fluid No internal ties and though trying a distance. This idea trying to distance

effects of mesmerism from mesmerism itself, which has this shady reputation. Braid coins a few new terms. One of them is hypnotism another's hypnosis any starts to investigate the applications of hypnosis, and paralysis and rheumatism, and no just treating it more or less a possible medical science doctors and scientists follow his lead and by the eighteen. Eighty scientists really start tackling hypnosis. As you know, as a real thing, and at this point we can separate hypnosis from mesmerism, but dont Et Mesmerism went away it just science. I had track and thinking parallel to we're gonna get back that zone, but these modern scientists accepted that you definitely doesn't involve physical forces no fluid. Instead, it had said to do with your mind and Sigmund and actual not really interested in hypnosis and its,

saying that had a very big effect on psychology, even though he abandoned it pretty quickly for Greece as the Asian, it was just too hard to actually get people in translate a single report frightened and they were their wine world were too. We have hypnosis being used on returning soldiers. Then it's not just a sideshow act anymore. It's part of psychology, But, interestingly, we still don't understand what hypnosis really is. There's no generally accepted explanation for networks, yeah but I'm getting go back to mesmerism, which did become a bit of a sideshow act and yet still was considered somewhat his closet a call so between the eighteen, cities and eighteen. Eighty is mesmerism guy completely drawn into this. Both spiritualism I'm in stage demonstration, so it said pop culture head. But if you were a self starting position there is you wouldn't even touch that way?

football knowed ruin your career, but if you were, accurate Mesmer asked you might have a pretty good career of my backup career. You think he could think he could pull it off. Katy, though these We travel around Britain travel around different countries and for me- shows in the show bring in a pang audience, but the main point of them was to try to attract private clients for personal treatment, because they would give you the big backs: fur mesmerizing them and you think it shows. Might sound fine come like the huge yea shows we described at the beginning, but the knife fingernails. I was not making that up. That, unfortunately, of real thing will end and worse, let's see we ve got a pouring acid on the skin, administering electric shocks, putting ammonia and people's mounds firing pistols. Their ear in the weird thing about this. Is it's not just the mesmer ass? You are doing this to try to prove that its real. It's sceptic though people

come to the same as a result fake. I can disprove it by firing by this large, if I may arise, is totally gonna stand. Yes, you would end up with just escalating. Tallies on these poor supposedly mesmerized people, and you know it works to both and if the patient jumped when the gun was fired by her ear, it's a fake. You know we ve exposed it. Nothing happened, then people thought either real or it with such good bakery that it was really really thick and disturbing, and in case, you are wondering about why we titled our podcast. We did that a near at times, article from eighteen, ninety seven and the hell you with the headline has he was killed by mesmerism, exclamation point animation, quiet and I mean when I would. He did it it's about this young.

Spurgeon Young, who died after a few days, illness and quote. It is now claimed that death resulted from injuries receive, while under mesmeric influence at the hands of amateurs in science, corner Bowers has summoned jury and will make a thorough investigation. It's easy to see how somebody could be killed under an amateur mesmerist demonstration. If you read some of these things, they did. Two people were in some people started connecting this. This idea, this no unconscious state with surgery. Thinking Zactly. Maybe this is a good way to get people through something like amputation, mesmer again, anesthesia was used to amputate the leg. At the eye of a forty two year old man named James Womble, who said you didn't feel anything, but it was obviously crowded out before it could get That's why you haven't heard many stories about mesmeric anesthesia and because you know things like ether came into you,

stand which another so strange side net. There. There and nitrous oxide were they originally had applications on the stage before they were thought of for medical purposes really yeah. Canada, A strange it is hard to imagine going to, like the cool ether show in town who know so, with these itinerant performances. These debates, getting amputations on Armas, Merrick, Trance Mesmerism, becomes a very contentious thing and be perfect plot point for aid. Man take or victorian writer to pursue these altered states of You just now into the altered stated council, especially those achieved through opium, but also quite effectively done through hypnosis sleep, walking and transfers. Not every story can have the opium eater anathema to set up plain transit, though. According to this book, Joker and the man who is Dracula. There's a whole.

Genre of mesmeric novels that combine gothic elements in a things that where we are familiar with in much earlier fiction with these more money, Scientific idea than we have Daniel Dormer, the Mesmerist Secret, Edward Heron, Alan's the princess, Daphne and obviously brand stokers Dracula, is published a little late in the game for some of this Mesmerist off eighteen. Ninety seven, it was definitely not in any more the fight for now, but it's used to great effect by stoker. Yes, this is one of my favorite books of all time and has a prominent place. Am I bookshelf, but the character of Lucy is often sleep, walking the vampire uses mesmerism to satisfy his blood last and Van Helsing uses it to fight back. It's it's a central point in how every

happens and and observing what someone is like in a trance and what they can do and there in this altered state of consciousness, things against their will, even though famous horror writer to used it pretty great effect that EDGAR Allan POE he became interested in right. I'm after he's attended this lecture by Andrew Jackson, David and his most famous story on mesmerism is the facts in the case of monsieur vowed MAR and the story was so good that people thought it might be true, even though it sounds incredibly age. Just give you like a brief plot outline here. There's this mesmerist and he is interested in the effective hypnosis on a dying person. So he reaches out to this dying friend and he gets his approval to

try to hypnotize him on his death bed, he puts the guy into a state of hypnosis. Another guy starts to talk and says I'm dead and though he turned his state and the guy just remains like in this inert state for months and months without a pulse just in this death trance living half dead and finally, the narrator jostled them out of the trance. By repeatedly dad dead dead and when you come till he immediately rots cause he's been sitting there for my dad and turns into this puddle of. Do, though, I have to read this immediately. I think it. It sounds like a really great youth of mesmerism. It wasn't always use, though, in that that horrifying kind of way people and always rotting in falling huddled. Unfortunately, just with a psychological kind of twist, you had a couple of

buzz. I think, while wild in the picture of joy and gray, and even Walt Whitman in poetry, the sleepers and found myself and Dickens, who is of course, arguably the most famous silly. We earn enough. He was very much influence, pessimism. In fact, he takes a step, on somebody like PO or wild, is actually a mesmerist himself. He per Warm mesmerism on his wife in Pittsburgh worries here and then of course, on this other lady in eighteen, forty, four classic dickens where you and his idle and finish novel. The mystery Edwin Drood is about an evil mesmer as to sexually manipulates women through hypnosis, which I have never heard of that for a really cool hand, as a former co host for Yahoo, remember from way back in the day, she's reading druid by dance and ends, and I was trying to decide it's gonna take off on that. I had to read

unfinished mystery about Andrea. Before seeking, let me now, but that does raise an interesting point. That's mesmerism one we'd brought up earlier that it's pretty sexual to pay cancer narrowly almost always women, something that may have helped that literary success: damsel and early heard its medical reputation too, and there is also that that crime angle of being hypnotizing doing things against your well, which that appears in literature fur way. Hungary is even in you, you'll hear actual defences using aside her literature, I was hypnotized. I don't know what to say we even have theirs and sleep walking murder stories, I wrote an article four though website has devised a comma sleep, walking works and I was reading many differences that people have given my had no de I killed my wife, I'm asleep block altered,

can't you can't wake up everybody because time for listener mail, and today we just have a correction for you and we would say the names of everyone who sent us a male in, but it would take a really long time and we must spoke curse of Macbeth podcast when we had meant to say was that Lincoln was reading a copy of Macbeth days before his assassination, in the passage he was reading was about the witches right and other kings being assassinated by the play he was attending, wasn't meant that it was our american cousin and actually knew that, but read it if you can wait in the outlying, so I apologize We do now that it's not that

any corrections to send us or good ideas for high costs are email addresses history cast at how stuff works. We ve also got a twitter feed a nest in history and face and if you'd like to learn a little bit more about our subject for today, you can type in sleep walking or hypnotism on our homepage, W W w dot how stuff works, dot com, for more openness and thousands of other topics, visit Housetop works, dot com and be sure to check out the step. He missed in history to ass blood on the house to works that count. I'm pretty sure, I'm America's number one gossip colonies. I Tell you about my new celebrity put naughty but nice with Rob. Shooter.

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