This episode is brought to you by mulatto cookies. Look sometimes that long, Zen yoga class is just not in the cards, so maybe a cookie is peppered farm. Olano believes you should make some time for you at once. In a while, I I have a particular space in my sewing room that I like to just take a few minutes. Every day I sit there. I think about things, it's kind of like meditation and munching at the same time being it that yummy beautiful cookie flavour, it makes it luxurious and delightful and I always feel recharge. Mulatto cookies are truly a treat worthy of your me time, their delicate and crispy, with luxuriously rich chocolate in the middle. You really want to keep these just for you, so remember to save something for yourself with peppered farm Olano, how old bunnies this is our marine. You may know me from Chelsea lately or as Regina Sinclair unattainable. I want to tell you about my car

podcast. Will you accept this rose, which is new to the eye heart radio broadcasts network? We re cap every season at the bachelor franchise, including the bachelor, the bachelor at an bachelor in Paradise. We bring in bachelor super funds, including last bass, Nicky Glaser, Debbie, Ryan and more listen to will you accept this rose on the Iheart radio, app apple pocket wherever you get, your broadcasts. Welcome to stuff you missed in history class from has suffered Stockholm allowing welcomes the Pike ass. I'm editor Davis government find stuff right, urging we got an email from one of our favorite listeners named Shiro and he is full of so many wonderful ideas for the pod cast and one of the ideas he suggested to Why's that now the hook

who talkers and I got really excited about sharers idea out to buy as as did Jane, and so we thought well, that's it we're going to do it. So you very well be the next lucky person whose idea get podcast it about so email us at podcast at how stuff works, dot, com and now on with the now. The hose is right end during contacts we of the idea that codes in war are very important, because the Japanese and Robert too, were able to basically tap into communications between our forces and intercept these communications. There sometimes able to take issue false commands, even unlike organise ambushes on allied troops and so on, sleep, the allies had to come up with codes that were inevitably broken by the Japanese. A Japanese were so good a code breaking that they would break every Oh, that the allies came up with, and this is so frustrating. The Japanese had even sent their man to United States to study the language than you, English perfectly. They could imitate the accents and

Germans, who the Navajo CO talkers, didn't really have to interact with we're still a major force in world war. Two, they sense their men over to native american reservations and the United States to pose as art dealers and other you now anthropology, so that they could pick up on native I can languages because the United States was known to have used. Chocks ha other as many as I think. Eighteen tribes influences from their languages and world war. One. Unless one thing I hadn't heard about was the use of the american languages and will be one in its interesting that idea, Hitler who had had these anthropologist go over, that he had the foresight to at least try to understand these languages to break any said. The Americans would come up with, and so with a monumental task and because worldwide tourists doc did over us have islands that were thousands of miles apart. In some instances, the United States had to have if sending messages that the Japanese would not interpret, and it was

we sort of a lost cause until Philip John Stan, who was raised on another. Her reservation with his missionary parents went to it station in LOS Angeles and said I idea the now language is a virtual unknown to any more than forty nine now the hose it's almost impossible to understand. It's completely oral, its name written down. I think that this my really work the tray, and it also was a great advantage because it was so fast to to use as a code codes before that took hours to send and decode message sent through among our troops and the machines. At the very least, we take thirty minutes and commit this to about twenty seconds that it took never hope to code in code. A message wind Johnston had them demonstrated a wishlist while the similarity with which they worked and not just that the speed but the accuracy to and Johnson really was

getting for now the hose language to be used because the Navajo had been educated in May. Schools, and let give you guys a look at the background on death than other whose work print isolated and the south western stage day they had their home between what they called the four sacred mountains and to their languages. Very, consolidated within this area, and language is essential to their culture. They believe that universe and language were sort of created, untanned on the first before words being light, earth, water an error, and it's very precise language, to indifferent in flight. Since indifferent turnout convey entirely different meanings, so The Navajo were within this, this corner of the United States within the four sacred mountains and gradually. They began to be pushed out. First by Spain. Traders and then by the United States and General Sherman of civil war. Fame is very well known for discussing what are the Navajo problem and beginning the process.

Education, and he was even quoted as saying that their attempts at civilization are ridiculous, and so the Navajo were pushed other reservation and they were they were made to go, live in New Mexico until eighteen, sixty when a leader in bargains here negotiated for the Navajo turned their land and in exchange their children would be raised in. U S, schools and completely give up their culture, and it got her point where children who spoken out, a language, moreover heard were were beaten or punished in their mouths were washed out. So essentially, the Navajo culture had been somewhat annihilated and completely brushed aside and none. It rose back up into question again the great and thank goodness that it wasn't eradicated completely because it ended up save battle. Saving lives in old were too and some not a whole recount that when they heard the news a pro harbour, there were as many as a hundred man who went to enable station to report for duty

they even brought their weapons in some cases, because now that culture is very much rooted in the idea of protecting the homeland, even the homeland that had spurned them. So long right and not all never hose were co talkers, but many of them were decimated between three hundred five in about, four twenty never hose served as co talkers and do you know how the code actually worked, because the language itself was very complex. Only about thirty non never hose actually spoke the language in the world like on the planet, but the added extra twist, so the code that it even more difficult- and that was even if you related all these never host later never heard words into English correctly. It was still sound like a random tune of words and that because what you're supposed to do when you got the message, was only take the first letter of the english translation and put those too to make an understandable message and of what made it so unique was that there were plenty of military.

Terms of another whose didn't have words for it all said something like Honey bird would refer to a fighter plane and a dive bomber would be. I chicken hawk this added layer of mystery and even when they thought that the enemy might be getting too close to figuring out what the word stood for, they would take them ay and come up with three different English they can be derived from accidents rates? Are they mix it up and, like you say not all over, it has to be spelled out letter by letter. They had those. Words? They worry were still shrouded in a level of mystery, so the high point of the Navajo Code- after the demonstration that Johnston conducted for General Clayton, Vogel and that's when Jane mentioned. He demonstrated that a message that could take as much as thirty minutes to transmit via a critic. Or other machine took twenty seconds, but not a hose and the three hundred the second platoon coding unit was formed and recruiter. From the Marines went to different reservations to get not a hose and they hadn't out of response, and

some of the men light on their application because they were too young to go, and at least one lied because he was too old to go and they went camp, just like any other recruit and then they were taken the camp to develop their code and who was never ever ever written down and involved two hundred eleven two four hundred eleven and thou. Who were a lot of creative freedom and developing the code on their own rate and think about how complex the code was, even when Nava, who soldier who was actually not trained in the code. This the soldier was not trained, but he understood another language when he was captured in Baton by the excess troops. They ordered him to try to translate it and he never understood what the message was because of the attic complexity of the code, that sort of gave rise to the premises on which that Nicholas Cage Navy when talkers is based and that's the idea for every, not a hooker talker. In the field there was a secret bodyguard. He followed him and mistrust com. If he were captured, said he couldn't you

code, and we don't know for sure if that was actually a component of another hooker talker equation the military's not confirming or denying it. But it's sort of interesting to think about it and entered twisted the story right and one of them great closer I found about their significance to the war in General was from the battle of the regime. There is a major Howard Connor who can offer sir there, and he had six now who co talkers are working around the clock during the battle and he said later on. Were it not for the neighbourhood the Marines would have never taken. You would do my yeah uneasy, Regina. It was amazing we're talking about on the stand. Thirty six day on on that all with about forty, eight straight hours of coding and translating and decoding about eight hundred messages were signed without a single mistake behind it is incredible, and the irony is that when the who co talkers. They were the first twenty nine one of the thirty that were originally recruited on the drop down after after training twenty nine Tuesday

hi twenty seven went over to the battlefields on they were at first, because people weren't sure they could really trust them in the thick of battle. They thought that trips might be too out of a military, maneuvers really need their codes and Sarah took allowed to build trust. One another host be used for their intended purpose there. It is useful running messages, they were runners and others where you know handed weapons in and told them. Little did they know little did they are now in the marine raiders were the group that really put them to the task and they proved themselves. Ashley, I'm at five hand one group of I was being bombed by their own man and they didn't now and they have turned a radio to say, stop start. This is, as you know, and finally, they were able to say. Have you got a now who code talker there and Is there not a hooker talkers and the message these were friendly trips at their firing on the firing immediately ceased sound p are they howled with just a measurable? And what sad is there after your was taken

After you know, the the bombs were dropped Japan and the war was innocent over the Navajo her talkers were discharged and they couldn't really talk about what their contribution to the war out and no matter how great it was because it saw the the Marines wanted to keep a whole on it to using. In future battles are or what have you and Sherman classified until at least nineteen sixty eight, which is using it can think of like thing avoid contribution you made to the country that you know has betrayed your people in the past and has done so much great work and you home, and you can't talk about it and made it difficult for the co talkers who wrote the reservations and those who went out to seek jobs because they couldn't account for what they ve been doing with the past couple of years of their lives, and they couldn't say they'd been doing, I you know how to other fabricate stories are or keep silent, and we know that today plenty of soldiers who are coming home and in a day

Have these dreams and awful memories and and psychological reckoning there there dealing with after all that they would in war and erigena, especially we're talking about a volcano where the Japanese were lucky enough to have dug trenches. But the Americans were fighting on top covered, a volcanic dust being slaughtered on the Japanese, had orders to call at least ten Americans and the now, how to come home and how these memories they couldn't talk about them. They couldn't share them. They had nowhere really get help for dealing with the after effects of war here, and so when the information was declassified and they were finally honoured for their service. We see that, in on this There are still coming up the Navajo CO, talkers you're, still talking about the memories that they have, and it is I mean it's testament to how well it worked the marine so wanted to use it, because it's true, the Japanese never broke it and meant to how effective they were and how we're great soldiers they were and sound. Finally,

either they were paid homage back in two thousand one for the five living original. Twenty nine were with congressional gold medals and others that went in succession after the first twenty nine, they were given congressional silver metal smell time. About time, definitely say if you want to read more about the not a hose and about how Kurd breakers work be sure to check out our articles on house of work done for moral, miss and thousands of other topics present how stuff works, dot com, the future is closer than you think. And it all- starts in the palm of your hand. You may have heard the news. Five g is coming in this new Iheart series. This time tomorrow, presented by team above a bit join me as well ocean. Am I cursed Kara price as we walk you through?

the true revolution in mobility that will check the way we interact with the world around us join us, and here, just how close we are getting to a more connected This time tomorrow is now available on the eye, hot radio up or wherever you listen to port costs. I'm broke through, I'm America's number one gossip colonies. I tell you about my new celebrity podcast naughty but nice Rob shooter every Monday, three thursday I'll be joined by some of my fellow gossip reporters and maybe even a celebrity or two to serve up the freshest tee listen. I'm subscribe on the eye, hot radio, up apple podcast or where ever you get your favorite show.