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the goal of all time. I love sports and I love my wife. I will destroy you. We haven't even started you if you're the type, a fan who loved to debate Jordan versus Leubronn, Lambeau versus soldier field, or even the sand lot verses. Major league. You will love listening to our podcast, the greatest. We have some of our favour: comedian, friendless liberties, to come and constructively argue everything within the world of sport, with my canadian and sports frenetic wife, Megan gaily and my hilarious writer and comedian husband see J till it on out to listen and follow the greatest. I heard radio apple pie, curse or wherever you listen to pledge. Welcome to stuff you missed in history class from Hasta for Stockholm,

hello and walk into the pot caused an elaborate joined by Sarah Dowdy hurries greatly area. You won't be his great waste. We start talking about what we're talking about, which was a listener. Requests Jamie from DC, wanted to hear all about John Snow and the cholera outbreak in Victoria in London. I don't I'm kind of a fan of flemish Torreon, London, so I think I'm gonna enjoy this when John Snow born in eighteen, thirteen in Yorkshire, England and actually, the son of a collyer laborer by quickly get in the medical field of fourteen when he starts three consecutive apprenticeships and first counters cholera, not that long after what misery. All minors Ten thirty one he gets his first exposure to contagious disease, he doesn't began- has formal medical education until eighteen, thirty six, but he gets his empty and eighteen forty four from the University of London and body,

in forty nine. He has a licence specialist of the Royal College of Physicians of London, which was a really elite organization. Yeah. This guy gets big fast. He kind of entered the room, of what today we protocol a celebrity doktor, especially when he treats Queen Victoria. That's because he learned about ether used in America but pioneered how it was dispensed right. So he helps Queen Victoria who childbirth on the birth of princely uphold and Princess Beatrice and makes the public mind. King of the process. Now Torreon into whether it's Christmas trees are big, white weddings are either the thing to transfer Victoria, but we don't think of today for his work and anesthesia. We think about him for his pioneering work and germ theory and to do that will give a little background first about Victorian London, which

was really disgustingly nerdy. The life expectancy for a gentleman and victory in London was forty five. But if you are a tradesman, it was your mid twenty is so I would be killed off by now and so what you and lunch really really stinky known worldwide for being stinky. It was the biggest city in the world, but soon just piled up everywhere, its drained into basement suspect. So there would just be piles and piles of sewage in your basement, thinking to high Heaven and the that four flashed into the river, if they were cleaned, which, of course, where everyone got their water. Maybe you can see where this is coming so, needless to say, London, overcrowded dirty stinky, a good place for diseases to spread at the time it was thought of that diseases from my asthma or bad air, decayed organic matter, so that

smells meant disease and when the entire city stinks people thought you were getting sick from the suit. There is also a moral element to the home asthma theory that stinky people were you know I'm clean and more prone to deceive, not just because reporting, destitute and living in overcrowded hovels. They were morally and found since you bad for you poor people Ryan London everyone's. Let your illness was around darn fault, no doesn't die this though he thinks that, diseases are caused by some agent, not by a smile right, so they started, calling that germ theory. And so we ve got. These two philosophies that are kind of going had had an they go had had fruit for decades Surprisingly enough to to us

asthma sounds like such a bad idea, but people are quick to buy germ theory. And a few outbreaks of cholera in London and the eighteen, forty eighteen, forty nine cholera outbreak killed. Fifty thousand people- and this is where on snow wants to figure out how this is happening. Collar is not a pretty disease. You die from, basically diet that's unstoppable and various digestive ails. You die from dehydration because your body doesn't have any who had laughed. You can dive really quickly like within a day, so John Snow, wants to figure out the star. Theory and see if he can prove it, but in that particular outbreak there won't be public death records Couldn't figure out giving water to which households. So this wasn't a good test case for him and in the summer of eighteen, fifty four another cholera outbreak happen. Seven hundred people are dead and two weeks, and this is

and he starts his experimentation and runs around testing water and interviewing people and trying to figure out where this is coming from, so we can stop it and he performed to class pyramids during this eighteen fifty four outbreak. The first was the broad street pump outbreak. Experiment, which is my favorite he's like Sherlock Holmes of Madame, then I mean is TAT S pretty amazing. So up in so her District of London. What where he is based his medical officer actually based? There is a third the case of cholera, seventy tallies within a twenty four hour period, most of em within five square blocks, and all of these two are based around the broad pump, which is a free water pump for the poor. It dry the water from a well underneath the golden Square which

of London's poorest, most overcrowded people. So in a streak of August eighteen, fifty four, all the residents of Golden Square start dying and it starts with an upset stomach and then go vomiting and severe cramps and got and then to diarrhea and thirst and then, like we said, Jasper, hydrogen and it's free. To kill some people are dying within twelve hours under it starts and its really fast spread. So the man The authorities are pretty quick to identify. This is cholera, snow moves than to start studying what's happening and he takes really multi discipline approach. He looks that way. Samples and sees you know what he can find in the water, but he also Looking at the map of London, dad earned the weekly statistics about his dying of color and London. Looking for geography go patterns and he draws a map that showed

a correlation between cholera cases in this neighbourhood and the broad street pump. Basically, if you lived within walking distance of the broad street, if that was your nearest water source. You were very likely to come down, cholera and really intense, you can find a bunch of them online of the ghost maps, but they're just black lines everywhere. Showing people live there Very disturbing little stocks of black lines and you'll see the pump station and the houses immediately adjacent to the pump just have these huge the black lines coming from them as part of the reason he is called for modern epidemiology and demonstrate here, though, after about a week, he goes the local board of Guardians of Saint James perish with his findings with this, this map and can

system to shut down the broad street prompted take the literally take the hand all off the pumps and people can't you that they are not totally into it. Where are they now there's still thinking about the whole, my asthma thing. So their engaged in this pursuit to Bread lie all over the streets. Gazelle kill the smell of the matter, oiling that will kill it, but they decide. Ok, go the condemned. So let's go ahead and take the pump handle off and surprise surprise the outbreak ends, but what's so great about, experiment here, as he doesn't just look at the overwhelming evidence on the side of, if you you know, this water, you very well, might get sick. He looks that kind of that statistical outliers, yes, is, the thorough I love this year. He isn't school children who don't live near the pomp who dying. Yes is they passed by the pump on their way to school and my favor-

there's a widow and west and Hampstead, and her knees and island ten and they got sick, but neither of them had been anywhere near, so how so he did so stationed some interviewing and discover. The widow had once lived on broad street and liked the taste of the well water. So much that she had a servant go to so hope. Every and bring her back a bottle of it to drink. It's like when you. The floor there, South Georgia and you're gonna bring your lan surfer so yeah He actually finds the last bottle of water that the widow had gotten with from August thirty first, which is the start of the epidemic, so bad bad timing. There, there. Also an army officer living in Saint John Words, who dies after dining in wider street. Where are you a glass of water from the broad street, well

He also in his threaten s, looks at the people who didn't get sick, so the people at the Poland Street Workhouse or just around the corner from the broad street palm. So I mean, if you think about it, they should have been sick, but they weren't. And so he went and looked into that- and that's because the workhouse had its very on water source, they weren't using a broad street and that's also a good case against the magma theory at these people are in the work, has their dirty. There are more likely to be morally several caresses area, but here they are safe from cholera, the broad street brewery which right the street from the pomp death, because the workers are given a daily beer allowance, so they don't need a drink of water as a lesson in there, somewhere from over heels has the help of Reverend Henry Whitehead who's the vicar of Saint Luke's church and

it actually wasn't originally on his side. He thought the outbreak was caused by a godsend, luncheon, and he started a report. Prove it, but it really only ended up confirming Johns New study, but man enough said Do it it's a snow and admit you know, my research is the same as yours and he actually helps no track The source of the local outbreak of six child at number, forty broad street right near the pump, had had diapers, washed and the water was dumped into assessed for only a few way from the well and after that died. No more diaper pale water had been dropped in that says TAT, so people start getting sick so later in the year. Our Sherlock Holmes John Snow conducts a grand experiment and impairs the London neighborhoods who are receiving water from two different companies and

Company uses water that comes from the upper tens and the other uses water that comes from the heart of London. Interestingly, parliament had actually require the metropolitan water companies to improve the quality their intake, but not all of them had complied and, of course, it is being dumped entered the town. The sanitation commissioner named had been Chadwick, believed in the Mai Asthma thing, and he thought that if you sewage and wherever you are keeping barrier away from people. So he thought what he was doing was actually really good. But of course- he's dumping sewage into water. That's then getting turn and drinking water, dual water company thing conifers, then the perfect opportunity for an experiment for snow because the company were rivals and it had a one point competed head to head. So some had means from one company were

their next door, neighbor had a main from the other companies. Essentially, you had this control experiment- everything I was the same in this neighborhood, except for the her where they got their water. From an It turned out for people who the London sourced water. They had a much higher chance of contracting cholera snow is overjoyed because he thinks, while he's finally proved at the ratio of people who die from one source of water versus the other was sending ridiculous at seventy five to five, and if that's not proof, you know what it is and he suggests interventions, strategies to control epidemics and his thinks that he's proven Emanated water is like gets people, but it didn't seem too no people are still stuck. Got my asthma theory and its not, sadly, it's not really until the eighteen. Eighty, when germ theory is a golden people, people go with that,

When the causative organism of cholera, vibrio cholera, actually finally understood so when John Snow died in eighteen, fifty eight people still thought it was my asthma and no one accepted all the things he worked so hard and Chadwick was still suggesting. Ridiculous things at one point he was quoted as saying all smell is, if it be intense, immediate acute disease, enemy, He nineties, he suggests bringing down the fresh air from places like the Eiffel Tower and distributing it till you were discussing how that would actually be done, big. How have you cut the air and then distributed Iranian? I can't ask Mr Chadwick the great stink eighteen. Fifty eight, which is my favorite name of anything that has ever happened ever is it starts, change things because this summer,

Incredibly hot and sewage was everywhere in London, flash, toilets or overflying the patient suspense, which are going into the street drains, and I mean it was so bad. No one wanted to be in the city, it was so far. All the people in the House of Commons, where it draping their curtains and soaking them in chloride of lime. Just so they wouldn't be smelling was soon and so a committee was set up to figure out how to fix the stink, and this is where the modernization of the sewage system in London started to happen. Was set up to figure out how to fix the stink, and this is where the modernization of the sewage system in London problem in a lot of places in the world and color is actually still causing a lot of death, Diary is one of the leading causes of death for kids and the developing world news, a treatment for it today or I'll rehydration thoughts which basically keep you from

of dehydration in twelve hours twenty four hours, and it proved its estimated that its profits, said forty million deaths since nineteen seventy eight. So today we like give thanks to John Snow and his amazing investigative work, and we recommend the book. The ghost if you haven't picked it up like to learn more about infectious diseases and think water supply come to your house stuff works and also check out the blog on our homepage. W W W W stuff works stock Furthermore, on this and thousands of other topics, does it how stuff works dot com? Let us know what you think: send an email to podcast, Housetop Worth Stockholm and be sure to check out the stuff. You missed in history, glass, blood on the House of lords to come home.

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