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seeing them see you now available. Where ever you get. My guests welcomes stuff. You missed in history class from house of works, dot com low and welcomes the pine cast, I'm clean and Britain, and I'm very daddy- and you know how much we love talking about things like and writers and the mysteries of history. But you can't have history without some battles we re thing in our own history classes, it's funny, but the curriculum didn't strongly emphasised battles even took ass on the revolutionary war, with much more focused on the events leading up to the war than the actual battle. I am one exception, but that's because I grew up for a time Manassas Virginia and I feel like all- we ever talked about where the battles of Manassas. But this

I was when we hadn't, even heard of until we started researching, and that is the battle between King poorest and Alexander, the great the battle of the head ass. These so called is King poorest, human not have heard of him he's also known as Roger Piranha, but we're going to go with the greek names throughout this tide. Cast me. Most of the information we have about this battle was written by a greek historian into area in so came pouring was a great ruler in Punjab region, specifically the region between the high DAS bees, which today is J, Lamb and the assassinations. Today, Knob Rivers, capital may have been Lahore, which today is in Pakistan, so King poorest, thought Alexander. The great in the battle of the head. Ass piece, which was the fourth and last battle fought by Alexander during his campaign of asian Conquest and poorest, is out ACT in this battle by Alexander's, cavalry archers and maneuvering, but his skill and bravery so impress Alexander that, even though he loses the battle

final outcome is a little bit more unexpected and it's also a turning point for Alexander. This bottle is, after his conquest of the persian Empire and before the army starts heading home from ass Dounia. So it's the end of that onwards, press to reach the end of the world and the outer c, and it's a real a final point for Alexander, because Alexander has been on a conquest role for a while. Now he's torn through Syria, Egypt, Babylonia and Persia and thinks he's pretty much invincible. Yeah, he started rearing royal clothes. Then he likes the persian customer prostration, which is not ok with the Greek, the Macedonians. They think that for a God only not for their ruler and he's literally and away with murder. He killed a trusted commander in it. Can bra and got away with it by having in charge with past Miss treason.

Vivian. Here. I'll figure is really on a roll going enter into this time and he's only about twenty nine years old and its with this mindset that he ventures into the unknown Indy in the early summer of three twenty seven Bc Alexander leaves Bactria, which today is Afghanistan to take a stand in his back a stand with a reinforced army under reorganized command and he's heading to India and his cut down the army. He led through Persia, because India is a different climate and and his first order of business is too in all the extra persian Woody that has been flowing them down, and the second is to dismiss a lot of his soldiers and add several thousand persian cavalryman turns out Persian. Cavalry men are really good when you're fighting elephants, so they re crossed and do cash and by spring of three twenty six. They crossed the Indus River and entered tax Scylla, which is in the public

region and Alexander and his troops are welcomed there, the ruler so he's even gives him elephants and troops and decides to accompany him into battle. He already he finds out that not all railways and the planned job region are gonna, be a family and he gets win that poorer through its textiles. Enemy is on the other side of the high Daphne's river, preventing him from passing or fighting him if he does try to pass- and this is Big deal because died ass. These runs really heavily in the late spring, which is this is around May at this point, and that's because the heavy rains from the monsoon and the melting snow from the mountains really feels that during the winter it for it a ball in lots of places that during the summer, you would have to if you're being blocked at one of the places where you can get across too bad okay. So there's going to be a fight at the river it's going down and the need to cross by boat, so Alexander

And some of his men back to the Indus to pick up their boats, disassemble them carry them across land and bring them back to the high das bees where they can be reassembled, because that's the only they can get across Alexander's army in camps on the banks of the High DAS, bees and poorest lines, his men and a large line of elephants up on the other side. So you have to picture these two armies on opposite sides of the bank staring each other down and think of some of Alexander's than they probably never seen. Elephants that all before, which I imagine would be somewhat intimidating supports, is watching the power such but he's also sending out guards to other spots on the river that could be forded and Alexander's doing pretty much. The same thing yes, Alex has

main tactics right from the start and one is to create a sense of permanency. He tries to make an obvious to poor is that their interests for the long haul they set up a very permanent looking camp and he's hoping poor soul. Just think that he's not gonna fight him at all. He's gonna wait there through all the summer, through all the fall and finally cross in the winter, when the river is low and poorest couldn't stop them. He even so that reports about this and is also trying to confuse poorer, sending his army in lots of different direction than they're getting a good sense for the land while they're doing this. But Alexander's real motive here is to stage an ambush he's, not gonna wait until the winter, and he knows that he can't cross directly towards poorest his army, because the men would be a salt coming out of the water for this guy's a right on the other side and also with the elephants there. They might frighten Alexander's horses, so they would be. They would

and get out of the water. They beef afraid to climb the banks, so he's going to have to find a way to cross unopposed, which means is going to have to be done in secret. So what he does is pretty tricky. He trains is to ignore noises at night that sound like preparation for battle, so his men, to leave the cavalry across the bank at various points. They make a lot of clatter they're, doing battle, cries and poorest first thinks there attempting across and follow them every single time. But after several nights this he really the noise, doesn't mean anything and stops paying attention and, Alexander by this point, has found a projecting point where the river makes the band and myriad as a wooden island, and he realizes that this is his thought. This is where he's gonna cross, because if he can get the island undercover he's almost to the other bank, it gives them a head start.

Give them that secrecy, which is crucial to his ambush. So he's gonna, be commanding a fast light group of man who will lead the thought at the island crossing and their advantages. Gonna have to be speed and surprise but he leaves in large part of his army at his camp directly across from poor S, and he tell His main guy's name is crater is not to cross the river before poorest moves off with his forces, the key point being there that he would take the elephants with him, craters don't cross the river until the elephants are gone because otherwise this horses are not gonna. Get off also prevents poorest suspicions from being raised that with the, main part of Alexander's army directly across from him he's not gonna realise that a sneaky smaller group is is missing, Alexander

post, sentries along the bank and their noisy like every night, and he post smaller groups between the main camp and the island staggered giving them instructions to cross and detachment from it. As his first island group goes there gradually follow to accompany himself and some other forces Alexander, picks and elite bodyguard, called the companions, and he leads a secret far away from the banks of the High DAS, bees toward the island and the point so poorest can't see what he's doing and that night there's a huge thunder, storm So all the noise from the rain and the thunder drowned now that the noise of Pratt Battle preparation, which ports is actually used to anyways, that their their further protected by the noise. An Alexander's boats and orders are already there waiting for him at the point. They ve then just the same

old and brought a head and hidden in the bush. So Alexander and his men make the cross they go from the point to the island and are almost to the opposite bank before poorest. Sentries, see them and give word, but there a little hitch in this plan, which is that Alexander, is actually landed on a big island and not the mainland. So they have some forwarding to do, but they quickly overcome a small obstacle and make it to the mainland are so we ve got Alexander's light fast army and their whole goal being. There is to surprise porous to draw him and then forced them into a tree. But there's some action almost as soon as they form the the smaller river as poorest man arrive, Alexander engages them a lot of poorest. This matter are I'm chariots which dont opera

very well in the mud from the rain. The night before and and just cause there on a river bank and the son of poorest falls in this in the struggle, but some of the indian horsemen escape from this little skirmish and tell poorest. That Alexander has crossed the river himself with the strongest part of his army, and also that his own son is dead and poorest can't decide what to do because he's hearing this noise that Alexander and the strong part of his army are already. He urges unexpected. That Alexander would be with this. Smaller grew right and then he looking at the larger group right across the river led by crater us on the other side. So where is he supposed to go and poorest? Finally decides to march himself against Alexander they'll go king decaying, but he leaves a few elephants with a small army by the bank too frightened traitorous from coming from crossing

yeah, so poorest takes all his cavalry all his chariot, two hundred elephants and thirty thousand Infantry man, and he arranged his forces by lining the elephants happened, fried because, hopefully no one is gonna. Try to push through a line of elephants right, but just in case they do oh they're, packed with infantry man immediately behind them and then in small groups that can jump out between the spaces and elephants so that, if you were a bold enough to try to sneak through two elephants, your met with the tree man shoulders shoulder and Zander in the meantime, decides to let his own infantry rest, and he also decides that he's not going to advance against the centre of this scary line of elephants, because clearly, that's just the strongest point, not the best way of going about, So he takes his bigger, cavalry and goes and marches against the left wing of port,

and meanwhile he sent his general seen us with the rest of the cavalry to March against poorest is right, flank and create a sense of disorder among the indian forces and shower than with arrows and seen as even manages to work is way behind poorest man and suddenly point of cavalry is faced with to France. Have to turn and face Alexander on one side and seen us on the other and while their swelling, you can just imagine what disorder it would be. If suddenly, you have your being attacked from two sides, but as their swindling Alexander just plunges that them, and there is mass chaos as

Anders Phalanx attacks, the elephants and the riders. So imagine this whole herd of elephants amid this shower of arrows just starting enjoying, while everyone and travellers can forget the devil and not just in a limp dick event. If no, though, eventually the elephants get hedged in and cooked up in their trampling on everyone, but the fritz. Here the Macedonians are in a sort of a more open space and they are able to dodge thou. Hence better and a lot of the elephants by this point are riderless and there some of them are even injured themselves in their frightened and they're out of control but the Macedonians are better able to dodge them and also they're the ones who are trying to injure the elephants, while the Indians obviously not hurt their own elephants are trained to shell among them and get protection from them. They're really just getting tramped on

Let us then, surely the elephants get tired and again many of them are injured and they start retreat, which is the point we're Alex Anders signals as men to bunch together an advance. So in the meantime, while all this is going on, we have crater is back on the opposite bank. The main camp and kisses Alexander is winning it's time to advance. His men are fresh and they an act, much slaughter on porous. Twenty thousand indian Infantry men are killed. Three thousand cavalryman, two sons of poorest. I all of the elephants are killed her captured, so we are talking a bloody battle here. Beer centres lost deserve fairly high. Some people put it on and a thousand of three hundred is the low. But that's fairly unlikely. That's a lot for a vector right. You would think that, especially with the element of surprise that he would just be able to keep from losing money, man, that's not how it pan out here. The elephants actually do inflict a fairer

damage. But so poorest is presiding over all death and he sees that it's over he's lost, but he doesn't flee the battlefield. He keeps on fighting as long as their other men on the field and at last his way in his right shoulder, which is the only part of his body that was left unprotected by his armor, and at that point he turns his elephant around, begins to retire from the field, and Alexander has been so impressed by poorest at this point that he wants to save his life. So he sends tax sillies after him to give him a message, but poorest has been enemies with taxes for forever, so taxis walks up poorest about to jam with a Java Lang, so tax lilies goods away. Just in time, dodges and Alexander decided to send someone else, someone who's said he is even an old

actually more friendly with poorer and by this point, poorest is dismounted from his Ellison he's taking a drink of water, and he ok take me to Alexander so Ex Ante hears that poorest is on his way and he goes to the front line with the companions Alexander in my area of poorer than not just because of his bravery, but because of his physical presence is described as being five cubits tall and there's some discrepancy and that if you go by certain measurements of what a Cuba is, that's like more than seven feet tall, so unlikely. I think, but another measurement puts it more at about six feet, which is still quite tall compared to the diminutive. Alexander, which I didn't know until you told me actually, but Alexander, is surprised by how brave poorest looks in the face of defeat, because not all of Us Congress have gone this way. Some rules

simply turned around and flatly areas has earned pretty bad reputation, fit up so Alex asks poorest what kind of treatment he would like to receive and poorest says me. Oh Alexander, like a king and Alexander response. From my own sake, thou shall be thus treated, but for thy own sake, do thou demand what is pleasing to tee and poorest says back. Everything is included in that western. We talked a little bit about what that might mean, and we're thinking is everything that ports would want, whether that power or respect or money is all wrapped up in This idea. Has Pierre Alexander really likes this response so much so that he gets porous rule over his own people as that, as a supporter of Alexander, obviously in even gives him more terror,

for each other conquered territories. So after the battle poorest holds the position of a ruler, but he subordinate to Alexander and he's assassinated after Alexander's death by you deem ass one of Alexander's generals, so we're gonna go. Up to with what Alexander does immediately after this great battle of the head ass, if he fails to city there one is Alexandria next year, which means victory and the other was be subtler, which was name for his horse. Be settlers who died there and discourse was very dear to me Zander. He had written on it in all his battles and was very divided, put out a ransom for at once when it was stolen, and it finally fall that battle if I'd ask these after this battle, Alexander is very anxious to press on, but his army mutinies

you're tired of dealing with the tropical rain, their extremely tired. The battle was really hard and they are adamant, going home and Alexander, says: ok, we'll go back, but not before we erect twelve altered. If twelve olympian and also build a fleet of eight hundred to one thousand ships, which I dont think as a member of a meaning army would take now as a condition but on the other hand, you probably do want to stick with Alexander we'll get to know how the on her five. So they leave Paris and they proceed down the river into the in depth. And it's a really. This is a hard trip home. You would maybe expect that they go back the way they came where they had already conquered everything. You would be wrong. It's a tough march and kill a lot of people. They have a lot of

skirmishes Alexander seriously hurt and it even during the trip they take. A few breaks: Thou Alexander, seeks out indian philosophers and debates the Monfils South commanders, which sounds like a bizarre story until you consider that Alexander Tutor was Aristotle, so maybe that strange after all, and they had to deal with their own disasters on the way out of India. They were still dealing with monsoons and hiking. Through the deserts began. It was really tough July three. Twenty five and turned westward for home. So why is the story of the defeat? However, honourable and noble it? our honourable and noble. It is such an important part of this history. One reason

as Alexander, has gone up against a lot of rulers who didn't behave so honourably, who were he'll, understandably frightened of Alexander, so porpoises record. There really stands out, but another is that it is such a turning point for Alexander and for his campaign, of conquest across not only Asia but his entire campaign. It's the point where they decide to go back, and a lot of that does have to deal with. As you mentioned earlier, the tropical rain and the managers tired by this point they want to go but poorest and his army have given them a good fight. It hasn't been easy winning the battle had asked ease, and they they don't want any more of that. They are ready to start fighting, even though they have skirmishes on the Indus and go back to Macedonia. Alexander himself doesn't live long past. This battle and historians have long wondered what would have happened if he hadn't died,

such a young age, and how much further he would have gone. So I think that about rocks around for Alexander the great and king poorer for Russia poor rather but onto listener,. And our passed on the birth of Frankenstein Sarah and I have made a joke about Vermin, Shelley and always in vat and neutral. But a lot of people didn't seem to understand that that was a joke. So I promise me Mary Shelly wasn't just talking about past unusual. Coming to light. We got one email from Anita and Fort Myers. Who is talking a little bit more about those experiments with spontaneous generation and saying that scientists how to save, put a piece of meat under the glass looking to see if the meat would generate more of itself, but because they didn't understand things about, say, handwashing they would touch the food with their dirty hands and maybe transfer fly large

To it, and then maggots with calm member may say, look spontaneous generation so Thank you for that and Nita insight into science in the old days, and we got another email from David oppressed now who said that, first of all, he lived for our pod costs, which we should enjoy. We entertain him on the treadmill apparently, and he answered a little bit more about those experiments. Talking about the work of Luigi Galvani and Volta Galvani for ample had could include animated a dead frogs legs with an electric jolt which led some people to think that the electricity was inclined to force of light. That gives us all life. If you have something to share with us about king, poor, Alexander or any of the pipe car, you can email at history podcast at how stuff works duck for more or less and thousands of other topics visit

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