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stumbling torone the world said. I've spent two decades on the move. He chased my friends from me exiled my age mates set my family far, so that I never see her face. I now Father mother, brothers or friend reach a high level that doesnt heartbreaking poem and it makes you wonder who is the poet wherewith he exiled from an why with the exiled any simple answer to? Why is the re con keystone, my friends? So let's talk about that a little bit more in the early eighth century, most of the Iberian Peninsula was occupied by moors or a spanish Muslims, and before the invading Muslims from North Africa came through, most of the peninsula had been catholic, although we should also mention that there was a very strong jewish community on the peninsula. Yeah in business it was pretty multi ethnic, though with Jews and Muslims and Christians are well represented, but you shouldn't think it was this golden age for religious freedom than either as there are still some oppression, yeah

it was a golden age for sciences and art in the Jews, Christians did have a very prominent place in society, even though they were minorities, they weren't just shuttle to the side, but around seven eighteen, new movement came into being the raking keystone or the reconquest or recapturing, depending on how you translate it I'm, but it wasn't until the eleventh century that it became a formidable beast that it would end up being and if you're wondering, whose recapturing what it was the Christian

tempting to recapture the peninsula, from the Muslims and by the eleventh century. It with an opportune time to be trying to do that, because the Muslims head fractured into different facts and Spain was divided into the city state and as we learned and a lot of our Pakistan him city states are easier to take down, then a big, unified country. So if there was gonna be a crusade, now is the time for a tap and- and there are plenty of people who wanted a crusade, christian fervour was growing and pilgrims travelled to the shrine of Saint James Accomplished, Stella to pray for them

taking of Spain, the Pope was selling indulgences to raise money, Christians and nights all around Europe became involved and in ten eighty five the peninsula was about half Christian occupied and half Muslim, but by twelve fifty two Christians had everything but Granada, this rich area on the southern coast, but then in the fourteenth century. There's this turning point natural disasters and sue. There's the black flag and the population is terrified, and there are looking for someone to blame because, of course, things like this happen for reason riot. It cannot just be an unfortunate unfortunate set of circumstances and they turn to the Jews. The Jews were to blame for all of these disasters, the following them and a friend

Specifically accuse them of blood libel, which was using the blood of christian children in their religious rituals, though the Christians rioted and at the end of it all there was a massacre of one hundred thousand Jews. It's called the massacre of thirteen ninety one and the motto of the whole thing with converge or die, and that wasn't the end of persecution for Jews on the Iberian peninsula either isabel I made sure of that, and that is is about luck. Illegal queen of castile in Aragon, and, as maybe you picked up by your name ass, she was wholly behind the rake on key stop believing it just and wholly a lot of her efforts concentrated on the juice of the peninsula, some work suspected Jews who had converted to Christianity officially at least bet. It was believed that

we're still following their religion in private and during the spanish inquisition, which of course, she established her chief inquisitor torque Mata, burned thousands of people at the stake. This is a pretty famous point in history and her in her husband Ferdinand. Other efforts were aimed at Islam and their attempts to conquer Granada, the last hold out of the spanish Muslim community began and fourteen eighty two and will continue for a decade. According to legend, she swore to wear the same clothes until they were all conquered and to finance these wars. Castilleia piggy Bank was completely drained and she and Ferdinand tax. The people heavily and lavish money and artillery on boats and supplies, but why was Granada so special, we'll Granada was a cultural centre for Muslims than it, with the centre for arts and sciences and learning it had all of these amazing buildings and decorative scenes and art

I mean it was really kind of up the place to be for a lot of people and it had been by the nice red who have taken in charge since about twelve thirty. Eight, though quite some time by the time we read Isabella here, they didn't have the Comest

Rule though there were a christian armies continuously stirring up trouble, exerting pressure on them for several centuries. They were forced to pay tribute, and you know the they suffered from that to a certain extent, but managed to stay standing for hundreds of years, and perhaps the greatest contribution of the Nazi rulers to the world was building and decorating the Alhambra, which is also known as the Red Castle. The Alhambra gets eight thousand visitors a year and its considered the best example of spanish Moorish architecture in the world and its gorgeous, and if you ve never heard of it, it's what's left of a citadel, a palace of kings and officials quarters it was built between twelve thirty and thirteen ecstasy on a hell overlooking Granada, and you should really google images because yeah, it's lovely I've been setting new pictures about lots of picture. You want them in your inbox and not bringing to go through third of a list of what you would see a few Google images.

Or if you, if you visited it, even better feathers, this open court, surrounded by halls and chambers, their ornamented walls and feelings. There's marble and alabaster glazed tile carved woods. All these sumptuous materials used, there's stucco stalactites vaulting, which sounds like the best feeling treatment. I can imagine so pretty. There's water everywhere throughout the complex filigreed windows is gorgeous gardens, ornamental arabic script, that in poetry and passages from the Koran and offer isms and there's color color color everywhere. So catcher get your mental picture ready and then there's a fort right. There is afforded the alcohol by the citadel which, as the oldest part,

the Alhambra and also the worst preserved. It was a red castle used for defensive purposes in the ninth and tenth century. So this isn't really the part the people you re talking about when I talked about, but I lacked eighth, probably now, and we ve also got like some some tiny examples. The more famous parts resort of Earth castle, for he has at its financing over at the court of the lions, is possibly the most famous room in the Alhambra built by nostril Sultan Mohammed, the faith and in the middle. What you'll see is the fountain of lions. It's a basin made of alabaster with twelve white marble, lions holding it up and back in the day it was some sort of clock with each of the lions representing an hour, but Christians after the re confused. I took it apart to see how it works and were able to figure how to put it back together again could happen sometimes take then she must

brain might have got to know it for now share, and some say it was a gift from a jewish leader. As though the lions represent the twelve tribes of Israel. Then there is the hall of kings with paintings on a leather feeling showing the lives of royal than almost all of the other art in the complex is free from figures. The disparities in the headlines, into their lie and softly and their lives in this room were pretty while this is where the parties and orgies were held, and there is even a story that dozens of princes were be headed in the room in their heads were left there after one of them was accused of touching the soul.

Since favourite and instead of just settling the matter with the guy who did the touching sultan, took care of all of them. I think that's a lesson. There is also the hall of the two sisters, which has this beautiful honeycomb, dome and colored tiles that inspired the art of empty Asher, and we ve got the Sala dealers Ben Sarah, hey swear, supposedly art Sultan Bull Abdel, who will talk about in just a minute, invited some powerful chiefs of the events, are a family and then killed them all and we also have be court of the window grill, which is served the ultimate in. If your imagining, what moorish architecture looks like Washington, Having stayed here in eighteen, twenty nine, when donkeys rammed around here he started the tale of the Alhambra here with Mister Bennet Firing sign, began round his impressive architecture and there's a quote from has the Alhambra by Moonlight

on such heavenly nights. I would sit for hours at my window and hailing the sweetness of the garden and musing on the chequered fortunes of those whose history was dimly shadowed out in the elegant memorials around, but you would think sociable for building would have been well. Ten dead, no Sarah much loved her enemies, centuries does have enemies. One of them is the earth itself. It has survived an earthquake and another is Napoleon who tried to blow it up in eighteen, twelve, fortunately fish soldier, cut the fuse and saved this beautiful. I don't like to mind his own business now and we have found the holy roman emperor, Charles, the fifth didn't think the nozzle palaces were quite good enough for him, so he built one in the renaissance style right in the middle of everything. So you picture this.

Beautiful moorish architecture and with a similarly beautiful but ridiculously out of play very strange for italian palace in the center Michelangelo's didn't Pedro much you got built it. So picture. Something Michelangelo ask in the middle of this this red Castle with you notice, ornate, arabic, scrap they just the two things. Just don't go together very odd looking and we ve, given you all these described. To sort of give you the best idea we can of what life was like before Isabella arrived. You know what life was like for this dynasty of Thornton Andrews some of this stuff.

Not even the just what heading than what life looked like before Isabella arrived, and what's the last king of Granada Ble Abdel was fighting for when he ultimately had to surrender so going back to Granada. It wasn't just christian pressure pressure from his christian armies. There was a problem within the nursery dynasty Mohammed. The eleventh, also known as Bull Abdel, who have mentioned twice now, was the last nostril sultan and he became ruler and fourteen eighty two after his mother convinced him to rebel against his father, and this began a succession struggle that weakens the muslim community in Spain considerably because it split into factions, people who were for Bob Dylan people who are for his father and further complicating things was the fact that his father wouldn't pay tribute to castilleia their splitting themselves. Isabel forces

that, have to do it right or them Ferdinand and Isabella are starting their theme of Granada, which started in fourteen anyone, and so the final Nazareth Sultan had no other choice but to surrender in fourteen ninety two, so the surrender ended. The reckon keys diet also ended about eight hundred years of muslim rule Interestingly Isabella chooses probably the feast day of the epiphany to enter the city Victoria. You can just imagine this scene of the great catholic Queen entering her conquered land, and the story goes that in both Abdel is watching. This happen from maybe a hell outside the city watching them all and her, and he sighs the moors. Last sigh and east began crying and supposedly his mother, the one who had convinced and fight US father said to him. We like a woman for what you couldn't defend like a man and then he was exiled,

your mom crab by Isabel on Ferdinand and Isabella Ferdinand interesting. We owe their known for for their inquisitions and their religious intolerance is listing that initially at least they promise that Muslims could keep their religion, but in March fourteen ninety two. They issued the edict of expulsion that was against the Jews. The Jews had three months to convert or to get out of the country. A hundred thousand of them fled Spain and the rest converted, Christianity, somewhere stall secret, practising their religion, and many of those people were found out and tortured and killed during the inquisition. So by the early. Sixteen hundred there just aren't that many places left in Europe for the Jews to go, but the muslim repression

start for about seven years. So I mean that's what I find sort of odd about this, that there was even that delay seems like something Isabella and Fernand would have done immediately. They banned arabic and many were forced to convert. Many Muslims were forced to convert and muslim converts to Christianity were known as Maurice goes somewhere and genuine converts and somewhere crypto Muslims and practise their religion and private, but in sixteen o nine they were exiled altogether and most went to North Africa and pleaded for help from the ottomans, but it was help that they didn't get and work on. The Alhambra tourists.

Began in eighteen, twenty eight and today it and it's garden center relief, Ara UNESCO World Heritage sites, but the story of are persecuted, Jews and Muslims. On the iberian peninsula. On the poem we began, this podcast with a jewish doctor and tell it to Robin L, who left pain in one thousand five hundred and three, the will pick up with our conversos and are exiled and another ever we have. That brings us. We received a lot of mail about the Macbeth curve, so large, a male again. Many of us we mention the sinner last had cast, but we do realize the planet Lincoln went to see was not Macbeth. It was our american cousin spoken tat. We have that's another can call emails about other things? You can add to that? The curses rap she our first

from sherry and cheer up. I have an anecdote about that Scottish play nothing tragic, but my friends and I think it's funny- I was in a play once not Macbeth in one of the lead actors. Scoffed at the curse, constantly saying that bastard, stage and even working. The word into one of the songs during the show. Well, his character aid a lot on stage and it was usually soft, easy to eat food. He proceeded to bite into a bread stick while on during a performance and promptly broke a tooth. He doesn't. Fun of it anywhere bumper. Ok, I have one from abroad

When I was younger, I was cast us Malcolm and production of Macbeth and from the very beginning of the week, hersel people began to talk about the curse. All we were allowed to say back stage for the scottish play and if ever the fatal title would slip out of someone's mouth cast would crush them. Needless to say, this got tired after some time and I never believed in the curse. Until on opening night, an actress playing one of the witches began to scream out Macbeth as loud. Is she could this of course, freaked out the caste and people began to worry over what might happen not, but a minute later, this same actress came screening in the dressing room. Apparently she had sliced open her hand on set, and the cut was so deep that she was not able to go on that night, but rather had to make her way to the emergency room. The show one off without a hitch and there were no more instances of real blood. But no one spoke the meaning of the play again. We ve got a few more. We do this one is from,

I believe she wrote a few years ago, I was in a production of Harry Potter and the sorceress stone the atropine Voldemort, with amazing, an amateur actor that we had additional. When I was playing around with lace. I went off stage during a large chest. Gained Harry then comes face to face with Voldemort. We have quite a draught of wonderful fight, thin and at the end Harry through Voldemort onstage lying on the floor. Then he would get up and tackle Harry off stage right before we went on. We warn people not to say Macbeth, but to replace it with a scottish play, one after thought. It with all fake and said Macbeth several times all went well into the last seen when Harry through Voldemort onto the floor in a split right into the corner. He got up and tackled em, but collapse or station was carried out as quickly as they could. He got insanely back concussion and we had to postpone the vote.

The show this is true, never say Macbeth, and I never I like the following lines: voldemort too, it is another name. He shall not be job everything I have one from Abigail I majored and acting in college and have experienced several small manifestations of the massacres curse. Most notably, I worked on the production of life is a dream by Pedro called around our Barker, which has often been referred to by dramaturgy, is, as the spanish bath are stage manager mention this one night during where her soul, much to these

ran of all these superstitious members at the production and when we demanded she accept and perform the ritual to undo the curse she laughed at off and a few of us throughout the quote, from Hamlet angels and ministers of grace defend us, which has traditionally what one says that the scottish play is quoted in a theater. No bad fortune occurred until two nights. After we opened plundering of fight seen, one girl had a fingernail ripped off by oil. Another had a chunk of hair ripped out by that same oil and the lead actress was punished in the nose when the other actor misjudged his sister

Of course, we all quickly pointed to the stage managers invocation of the M word and were relieved, nothing worse transpired and the blood spilled, which said to break the curse, wanting to prove us all. Superstitious forms the lighting designers, second to the theatre after the show and yelled macro making him after the performance the very next night and another fight, seeing the lead actor overshot. His mark face planted on the floor and sliced his head open and a wound. So bad. We had to call intermission early just to clean up all the blood on the stage and costumes and, of course, to get him to stop leaving. So let that be a lesson to all that the curse of Macbeth still causes mayhem and theatres, and now, in the twenty first century,

learn my life than this. One is from rice and actor, who performed at a semi professional theatre by kids for kids, and he says I'm usually a pretty reasonable and non superstitious guy. But I refuse to say: Macbeth in real life even were not in the area of production is in writing it. I can do which explains the email and not phone call. This stems from a time when some one said the word and performed a counter curse in the middle of one of the shows. As I was waiting in the wings, I heard a snuff thud from behind me only to look up and see. One of the stage leaves start to fall over in my direction. I quickly grabbed it and held it up frantically, whispering to one of my fellow bewildered actors to go, get the stage manager the leaf almost crushed me and almost hit the other two leaves behind it, which would have droid part at the theatre. This was during the relatively mild mannered MR poppers penguins

other things happening as well, but I can't remember specifically what those things were, and he says to vital parts of the counter curse that you left out is that, after spitting, you must yellow profanity into the air. Sir. I think I would be good at and you can only perform the counter curse outside of theatre grounds. I love that Macbeth brought in both Baltimore, and Mister paupers, penguin stuff combination of I had no idea. So if you would like to send us a meal with similarly fun stories, read history podcast how stuff works. Stockholm, we also have a facebook fan page any twitter, feed and lest in history, and if you'd like to read a little bit more about what we were talking about. We ve got a great article. You search for spanish inquisition on our home W W W that how stuff works, dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics visit

and Mister Paupers Penguin storm combination of I had no idea. So if you would like to send us an email with similarly fun stories, write history pot cast how stuff works. Stockholm we also have a facebook fan page any twitter, feed and list in history, and, if you'd like to read a little bit more about what we were talking about. I am only subversion, man, Escargot Coralie, and this is the Peat and Sebastian POD catches is a show just you guys a comedian, P Coralie, and I believe this is comedy gold right, pleasant, repeated Sebastian show on Iheart radio at Apple Podcast, wherever you eat your pad

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