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I love sports and I love my wife. I will destroy you. We haven't even started you if you're the tape, a fan who loved to debate Jordan versus the bronze Lambeau versus soldier field, or even the sand lot verses. Major league. You will love listening to our past the greatest we ask some of our favorite comedian friend and celebrities to come and constructively argue everything within the world of sport. With my commuting and sportsmen edit wife, Megan gaily and my hilarious writer and comedian husband, see J, tell it on our so listen follow the greatest. I heard radio apple pie, curse or wherever you listen to punch. Welcome to stuff, you missed in history class from therefore start com. Welcome to the part caused. I'm Katy and unfair daddy and I've been sending Katy picture, but Egypt or weaker than our picture of an eye, but an ancient term

a man give than it point. I even got distracted and drew a laser. I best in Microsoft. Painter was a high of may weaken our luck but usually does action during podcast research is not a good thing in case. I'm gonna say the Spirit of Napoleon Savant who themselves were kings of embracing distraction. And we ve already giving you some background on Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, the battle of the pyramids, the devastating defeat at the battle of obscure Bay, things get worse for France, as the army has to face a triple threat: the Turks, the Brits and LA past or the leg, and the result is a major military failure and terrible violence and destruction in Egypt. Fortunately, this episode is dedicated to the french expedition that did not feel it was an intellectual expedition that shaped the science,

archaeology, it launched Egypt a mania and it eventually on earth the key to the secret history of the fair growth which will get too pretty thin. So first, you have to wonder why Napoleon brought these servants with him, and there are a few reasons why it pays to bring a cadre of intellectuals along for the war and to break it. Down. Simply will give you a four points here one who knows what Egypt will be like? The army will need man who can survey, who can find water and who can make maps men who can observe and invent and manufacture on the fly exactly and will also need men who are diplomatic and the perfect ambassadors of french culture and democracy to a conquered land. And in what a conquered land it is. Young servants will help record and make sense of what they see in Egypt and stuff the loop

felt very impressive natural history collections and bring Egypt back to France and finally, perhaps most importantly, They'Ll- make Napoleon look good. It sounds like something his hero, Alexander, the great would do absolutely plus napoleon we ve gotta, give him For this he really like science is the sort of honorary member of the French Institute, but he takes it really seriously. He signs it himself. First, as a member of the French Institute, he loves science so as Napoleon plans his secret mission to Egypt, he authorizes three men to create his commission of Science his and arts and they argue spar more. She whose very good at math closed loop delay whose economist and Joseph Korea another mathematician and there's a round up his little crew of surveillance. The commission's total comes to one hundred and

fifty one and some are well established in their fields. But many are fresh out of school. Thirty. Six of them are students there median age is twenty five and bumper bomb thirty one will die. We're just saying that, because these guys do I know what they're getting into about, because they're going with Napoleon. They think it's gonna be really great. It's not it could have been, and maybe, if you're not one of not, I would add one. So they probably get a taste of just how it venturous this expedition is going to be on the boat ride from France. The established scientists burst with, sir and attended salons on Napoleon's on flagships having these very Hetty discussions you what, Dreams mean what is the ideal form of government, but these students, with the lowest of the soldiers and sailors they see SEC, they're getting their blankets, stolen,

I have to imagine getting pinched in the thought, the shoulder hey, Poindexter, ten hours, a Maggie exactly so they're not having the best trap, but I guess there's still excited and the four hundred shut flotilla final Verizon, Alexandria on July, first, seventeen, ninety eight, and In our earlier episode, we we already know what happens to most of the army and navy from here. Fortunately, for the seventh. Most of them are spared that gruelling desert in March and the battle the pyramid, they stay in Alexandria and rules that are which is even nicer than Alexandria until Napoleon secures Kyra bigoted travel by boat instead of foot that doesn't they do have that one devastating event, though the ship that held nearly all of their equipment sank. So that's kind of a big in your explanatory here after the battle the pyramids and the flight of the

mama, Luke leader, Murad Bay, Napoleon secures Cairo. We we ve covered this part, but with the city in his pocket Napoleon decides that he wants to form a something like the French National Institute, a collection of all these learned men where they can meet. They can pitch their theories in their ideas and discuss, have have intellectual conversations. It's an official. Club that will also conveniently tackle some of his most pressing question. So motion fertilize scout the city for suitable quarters because its buildings gotta be huge. It's going to hold labs a museum, library and observatory, a printing press, a zoo everything. These events will need fair, really wants to go and they find a complex of recently vacated Mameluk palaces,

that will do the trick. I'm picturing it like apartment shopping lever, rents, yeah, walking into Mama good, lad middle class here instead of my midtown apartment, so their first me is in late August, seventeen ninety eight and its held in the harem room, which I imagine is not like our conference room. Apparently, it's sort of a quiet, nicest room and in these old buildings there I guess it makes sense to set up shop there, but Napoleon starts them off with really practical projects like. How can we make better of then, Can we treat the Nile water? How can we make beer without hot? And you know they are? They are practical questions and the servants do get to work on them, but soon there they are more interested in all of the amazing new things there seeing it

for the first time mom gets into studying mirage is the naturalist, a change of loss, Anti Lair gets into these prato darwinian theories and virtually starts studying the nature and that's used to preserve mummies really cool, stuff and major advances in their fields to chemistry and and all that, though, the Institute of Egypt, I can't ever quite function like it's best to which is, of course communicate. With the French Institute back home. They would share knowledge and be able to feed off of each other. This doesn't happen, obviously, because after the french defeat at other care bay, the British can intercept all their messages, though you. Dont have supplies any more, but you also don't have communication with France unless it's bad news,

they were. They were sent them. The lonely, sad letters about how having missed their own. That's so embarrassing for the list of anti other they're, sending letters back home to the institute and to their families like. Why haven't we heard from you really miss you so much? Egypt is not quite what I hoped it would be in the british intercept these and publicized them, and just thirty use them to mark this. The balance there are some other setbacks. There's this Cairo up saying where several of the scholars are killed because their lovely institute palace is a mile away from all the soldiers who it takes them quite a long time to get there. So their work is is already dangerous and hard, and then, when Napoleon start sending his scholars on missions, it gets even harder so we mention that thirty six of the men are just student. Some of them are really really young in there in their team and in late October they take their final, which interesting way

is around the same time their their fellow students, special or take emails, I don't they all pass and they sort of achieve a more equal footing than they have, but that thirty six more guys that Napoleon consent on his craziest mission, because he doesn't just want these people have cultural ambassadors. He wants them as engineers to scout the land to find the water. All of that the really important stuff. Now it's time to pick what they want to do and they have the choice of joining the military engineers or the core of bridges and roads and You can imagine that would be a little disappointing, you'd rather beyond the core of pyramid you house, or of mummies the engine their put to work at mapping and hydrology, because the main exist egyptian map had serious even done by a guy from his chair. So he's just exerted an mare and drawing out Egypt tea things together, but this job is is dangerous.

You go out and do all this mapping? They required escorts, it's very hot thee. Better winds are on the attack or part of the issue is by this point. The french military has started a policy of seizing camels that the seventh or nicer than buyer- your camel from you, but the French are getting a pretty bad reputation in Egypt by this point and the servants are suffering because of it. There other mean project is trying to if they could possibly build a canal at Suez is Canada's, and so the danger of checking calculations twice leads to some errors, because it's difficult to keep going out on these dangerous forays into the does

unless they ve lost their their modern tools. There were lying on whatever they can, they do what they can and its determined incorrectly that the Red Sea is higher than the Mediterranean. So that is what happens when you can't matter twice the they don't want a flood Egypt with salt water, but not everything is so terrible before we make this sound like the worst possible big whenever the court does fine the Rosato stone in July seventeen. Ninety nine near an old crusader for it we may have, we may be mention the four in one of our crusader podcasting earth, though there is that a stone, Canada.

I have already done an episode on it, but of course it's the eventual key to unlocking the language of the gods before its founding Dakota people didn't even know how all the egyptian civilization was. They didn't know who the gods were, what the Egyptians dead just imagine its heads in the desert buried in fan that has no meaning attached to it. So this discovery is something the soldiers and civilians can all be happy out and share with France another their big fabulous thing that they did, and the commission member contain, makes some prince of the stone to send back to Paris and amazingly, they make it through, but it's their last contact for two years so that the more doom for you, but

to backtrack a little bare in and give you a little more information about these cool antiquities in the ruins, and things like that that people associate with this mission. So whenever savant, who hasn't been to Cairo in the past, or has instead been trailing Mameluk, Murad Bay, all around upper Egypt. There remember how, after we talked about the battle, the pyramids mere I'd Bay Head, south and trails this group of the french Army behind for nine months, just leading I'm on a wild goose chase essentially will Dominique Vivandiere nor desire to join the general leading this mission in his pursuit of mere at bay, and he ends of getting the grand tour of upper Egypt before anyone else does. It sounds like a good trip aside from the terrible under no yeah, because people already knew what was in Alexandria. They knew about the pyramids and this things, but they didn't really

a good idea about all of the other things out there. The temples the valley of the king's Denon gets to fly through Thebes, Karnak and finally, because of course, they're chasing this. This rebel, your leg for fifteen minutes to something and to say the general say: okay, fifteen minutes, and then we will have three gets his quick sketches, but that's about it and his impressions of ancient Egypt are the first thing that the people back home see so heap. He starts off this craze for all things jumped, but when he runs into a group of the young engineers, you're out doing their hydrographic survey and may seventeen ninety nine, he shows them some of his sketches and tells them about, and DORA Zodiac

and gives them the idea. Maybe if we could decode the Zodiac, we might figure out how old the ancient egyptian civilization really is. So these young engineers they persuade their superiors to let them spend more time surveying the temples. You know we finished her are hydrology work. Let us go These things- and this is real drafting- not just sketching like Denon dead and they spend the summer of seven I mean I'm doing it and they are systematic about it. They use a grid system and they risk falling into scary holes running into bath and Andorra. I had actually been used as a storage, essentially for fatuously executed body through its creepy place, they so critical, pretty cool so meaning I dunno has returned to Cairo and shown Napoleon his sketches and Napoleon authorizes to antiquities commissions to venture into upper Egypt

when the commission's arrived in September, seventeen ninety nine everyone gets to work, recording every thing like real archaeologist. Would this chinaware archaeology started here? They even form these women chains to make sure there they're going over every little piece of ground and of course they do have to fend off. That's what they're doing it. As you mentioned, the terrible thought this this project is is the prize. It is the best of the asked from estonian colleague the golden age for this mission. Definitely but things things don't really get that much better after this. In fact, they get a lot worse because after authorizing the antiquity, commission about the last thing Napoleon does in Egypt before he leave secretly just like he came an admittedly, he has had a very bad year than that naval disaster albacore bay. There was the Cairo uprising. There was a really bloody varied,

stir being seen at Java and a never ending failed. Fidget occur against a guy named the butcher fell back. If you put a formidable enemy, should I less the plague and the play was so bad on the battlefield that it's a rumor Napoleon may have ordered his own soldiers euthanize. He denies its others say. It happened, You have now been having a moral degraded out at first. The news from home isn't very good either and likewise that the British are letting the bad NEWS get to Napoleon, just not letting any. Nor, exchange of letters get through, though he finds out France's at war with Austria again, and the french forces have been kicked out of Germany and ITALY and the rectory clearly is not gonna last much longer and Napoleon. A very ambitious man obviously wants to be in France, for whatever happens next, and he takes of his servants with him there to lay Marge and denial and denials.

Arrival at home, allows him to publishes sketches of upper Egypt, which becomes a best seller and, while the We are happy that Napoleon's back the Seville answer, Javert stated that he's laughed and he's left general in charge general Jean Baptiste Klaiber, and he wants to conclude the war, but he's gotten permission to keep this advance as long as their useful and he wants to put just like a sea, so they're not going home any time soon or at least not until they ve finish their project as best they can quickly, not until everyone goes home, but Klaiber makes very fast prof progress on getting the French out of Egypt Napoleon thing. If things don't get better within a year, you can start negotiating, Cleaver starts negotiating and for a month and she's, ready to to work out a surrender and he ends up forming the convention all arranged with the ottomans. It

clay and means the Turks will pay France's way home. France will get to keep all their arms, but they'll get out of Egypt. I get out of Cairo fortunately, the British won't honour this agreement that the French have made with the Turks fact too bad for the French, the Turks still on claiming Cairo in ten days, so they're getting their side of the bargain, but they don't feel the French, aren't getting their french or are between a rock and a hard place, and they have to keep fighting the Turks. Instead of working out this agreement with the Turks pay for them to go home, they just keep on fighting. It seems like it will never end. It has end for Kleiber his staff by a fanatic, and that's a major, alas, for the surveillance, because most of the military has an ever been to Gung HO about the scientists and about why they are there in the first place. This is very avatars

look. I'm university there are going out on these two days is the missions to collect bugs and to collect birds and stuff like that, the soldiers think the scientists might be hoarding treasure. If, if it's not just stuffed animals in there, packages, but the new guy in charge really really hate the seven and it shows he is General Jacques Francois swallowed them who has converted to Islam changed his name. And married an egyptian wife but, most importantly, he's a colonialist who thinks France can hold to Egypt. And, of course, we know this is impossible. In the fall of eighteen hundred, the french Army hasn't gotten pay. The Arabs are revolting their turkish french skirmishes all the time and the British are secretly preparing

a land assaults which I mean come on. That they'll be the is not going to happen so by the time the Turks advance on Kyra, the French are forced to surrender because there are being hit by plague again, our these are stuck in Cairo. They, they ve been rounded up from all over each at when it seemed like Cleaver with actually gonna get them home, even in Cairo, they dont have their nice mameluk. Harem room digs anymore they're just in limbo, so it's amazing Amid this chaos, they keep on holding institute meeting than the final institute meeting is on March twenty. Second, eighteen o one and five layer talked about crocodiles, and this is an unfortunate episode in the history he's just giving a lecture about crocodiles, but the British get their hands on the report and they start doing cartoons and stuff like he was trying to train the crocodile than you can actually see. One of the cartoons he's getting

buyer so embarrassing for the French. Finally, the scholars are ordered to Alexandria and they risk sickness, death and war to go and rescue their papers before you're, not a Cairo get which made me think of the bombardment of Baltimore, and by this point the french soldier. Are more dangerous to the servants than the English Yuther they're, trying to steal their stuff there really blaming them by this point, for they think they're. The reason why there in Egypt and why everything is so terrible and are trying to steal the treasure they think this, the votes have and finally, the scholars get into Alexandria it's under siege, there's no food, amazingly some are still working under it, conditions. Saunter layer actually is coming up with his pretty darwinian ideas at this point, because I guess thinking so broadly by this point- that he is able to come up with these ideas and, at this point,

as the Sarah said, maneuver becomes. Are Savannah roller during their last month in Egypt? He toys with the scholars he tells them, they can't leave and ok they can leave if they leave everything with him all the research on them their maps and maybe, if they promise they won't, speak a sea no word of that mission. When they go back to France. All he really wants is the Rosetta stone and he's taken it already. So these are just psychological game keep than in his tent there's something, though in July, eighteen o one the servants. Finally, board a ship your last we're going back to France. No, we have our colleague enough. They wait on the ship for one month until finally thought aware and others rowed ashore to beg my new. Please let us go home for days after that meeting the french ship list Anchor.

Starts to seal off and then they get to cannon shots from a nearby english vessel and two cannon. Shots are a warning: stop dont, go any further or will think you, then things even worse. They get word from manoeuvre that he will think airship. Think the french bode if they dont go. Damned do a damned intact. Lays out for you actually rose to the British to plead to let them leave Benchley the British persuade manoeuvre to let his own countrymen dock in Alexandria. Again, that's the so magnanimous, even everything you ridiculous! That August thirty first menu capitulated. The breadth, of course, want all of the good booty the collection, but many new offers them the whole thing. Yeah, he says, take every note every stuff

Third, whatever ITALY artifact yeah have at all, and the English are surprised by how good this work actually looks when they examined at in their thinking. Well, this is a nice win for us and decide. Maybe, since some of these frenchmen spent so much time assembling these collections, we could bring some of them back to England and they could help us interpret thumb and manage the collection. The french want no part of this. After all, they ve been away from home for years. They are ready to go back to France, though the scholars approach menu in their pleading for their collection. Like please try to work out some sort of agreement with the british. He writes the british beef, the snark e letter. Imagine wall so so pretend I'm a new here. I have just been informed that several among our collection make

I wish to follow their seeds, minerals, birds, butterflies or reptiles, wherever you choose to ship their crates. I do not know we wish to have themselves stuffed for the purpose, but I can assure you that if the idea should appeal to them, I shall not prevent it out. It's pretty coming from your own generals, though, the scholars think that the British want not just not just that they want their color they want to steal their knowledge of their ideas. Three of the nationalist go and lay down an ultimate em, and that's that look. This is this is basic work. These are notes and only we can interpret our own work, it's unfinished without our translations. Without our interpretation, it's not gonna mean anything to you with a follow up that we would rather destroy it than see. You have hell by what violence we were reduced to destroy so many treasures and the British back down ass. I had received such a massive

and vandalism. We will destroy our property, we will disperse it in the libyan fans or we will throw it into the sea. Then we will protest in Europe and tell by what violence we were reduced to destroy how many treasures and the British back down ass. What I had received, such a massive. So by the end of September, they start boarding ships again only this time. It works out there, finally home by the end of eighteen, o one. So what awaits them in France, obviously, A lot of these a lot of these guys who, whenever as boys, have grown up, they are coming back to a different scientific scene and Napoleon has actually done quite well for himself he's a council now in in February. Eighteen o too. He authorizes the publication of a book which will collect all the knowledge from the expedition it takes them. Awhile, though, to actually get the whole book out here, it's not completed until

eighteen, twenty eight, so a lot of them are dead by the time it spanish plan. If you'd like to imagine you're one of the first to get that book. What would these lucky? One thousand first edition subscribers have received twenty three enormous cereal books bound in brown paper. They had a linen pages. Forty three inches tall and eight hundred and thirty seven engravings for which contain invented a special press. Yeah you couldn't. It took so much work to engraved at the cloudless egyptian skies that he invented oppress, where you could just stop it in behind each picture in the bonus.

An egyptian themed case to keep them in that some market. Our definitely frame for the better, though the mass were supposed to be printed first, is to give people a bit of an orientation about Egypt, but because they were considered state secrets, they came out laugh by which point they were pretty outdated. Pictures of the flora and fauna are said to rival, Audubon and, of course, the archaeological site that the drawings of of all these temples and to start this craze for adoption, draft egyptian architecture and artifact collecting. This is the very beginning of the rape of Egypt, but it's difficult, of course, to keep publishing after the restoration of the monarchy. They have to scrub out.

Polio completely from these record, when she can't do you completely exactly because it was Napoleon staying. So we have a good quote from him. If I had not become commander in chief of the army, I would have launched myself into the study of the exact sciences, and since I have always had success and migrate undertakings, I would have become a highly distinguished scientists folk, They're, pretty tall claim is a good opinion of himself, but still there is no denying that his decision to bring a troop of servants to Egypt dramatically affected nineteenth century science as well as nineteenth century, are in culture and I mention this book in the last at the third, but I relied pretty heavily on Nina burly Mirage for information about the servants daily lives and the crocodile in stuff like that and one of her point she made that I really liked a lot with that. The scientists came of age during the age of reason,

they mature during the romantic era and the book that they ultimately produce really shows signs of both its got that this cold. Observations and measurements and calculations combined with advance. In danger and are in a little bit of the gothic too. So that's the final word Nina burly, but of course, we can't give you every time little detail, we'd like from the podcast. So if you'd like to search for how the Rosetta stone works on our home pages, W w dot house works dot com. You can learn a little bit more about that, and that brings us to listen to the French went to Egypt because they wanted to know that the british India. We thought that we would your little indian related listener mail, and this is from even in regard to the top

Mahal every thought he said this morning. I was listening to your pod cast about the time, and you mentioned the legend of intended Black touched according to the documentary and according to a particle collars, now believe that the black ties actually refers to an attack on all pull that once existed in ruins of black market structures. Known as the new light guard. This form and filled with water would have reflected the TAJ Mahal, and that is what is believed. A black TAJ Mahal recall an issue. Have any addition, you'd like to tell the listeners about r pod cop. You can email it with history, podcast at Howstuffworks, dot, com, we're also on Twitter. If you like and follow us at missed in history- and we have a facebook fan page and see, article therefore how the Rosetta stone works can be found on homepage at W. Double w that how stuff works, dot com,

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