As a child. The first words out of your mouth were you're, not the boss of me, boss, move are the only moves you make and you never have to worry about the boss approving a vacation since wait what vacation. Europe a business owner born to be your own boss and Amex can help with finance options for eligible business customers, so you can keep doing what you were made to do the power backing of American Express, don't do business without it terms, apply, learn more american, Express Dotcom, slash business, everybody happy Saturday coming up next week on the show we are going to talk about a famous concert pianist and make an appearance in that episode brief. But important is France list. So it seemed like a great time to revisit one of our favorite past episodes about some nineteenth century fan, though that is listed mania. Just a quick note. If this episode sounds a little,

different. Do you from how're episodes have been sounding it's just from an earlier era that was recorded been produced that a slightly equality level, joy will continue a few missed in history class from how support dot, com, allowing well anyway Phoebe. Well, then, I'm Holly frying. I have a confession to make up a long holdings elevate, then, would be quite a while. I have always been jealous of fairer and Billina. Having already covered the right of spring riots on our part and whole story is the weird they already covered it back and twenty eleven. So I've had my out for some other kind of weird musical story to cover, as like a bad constellation

rise. This is not a bad consolation prize is actually awesome. It is about a musical mass hysteria that is from the midnight century, and that is list or media yeah. It's delightful. I mean there's no way around it. I feel kind of story for the guy. At the same time, it's pretty great. So before start as often happens, I'm you will note so today. The word mania definitely has psychological connotations right. It's used to describe excessively elevated mood or really hyperactive mental state, and I can also extended Belike physical hyperactivity and other behaviors, and usually it's used and sway in the context of like bipolar disorder. Other mental and emotional disorders, and there are definitely folksy- would really prefer that the word mania not be used to describe more generally to being really excited or busy, but at the time

word list Armenia was coined. The word mania was really a physical description. It was not a psychological one and so list. Romania was considered to be a frantic and dangerous physiology our response to being around Franz Liszt and so on, we use the word mania in today's showed. That is the context that we are talking about. All I can think of is, although shots of the women in the crowd is the landed in America. That's very well and, to be honest, I saw the the Boston Symphony. The Boston pots specifically do a whole night of the Beatles and is amazing, as I was really they are seen. John admin do: what's it called there? The introductions orchestra for young people, oh yeah, not that yet it with weariness- and there was a there- was narration through the whole thing that talked about, among other things,

Romania and I had to memorize like what. If we did up I'd cast on Beatlemania, I can't figure out a way to make that feel. Legitimate, so this field of our more legitimate and also very fun So, to give you a little bit a background and set this up. Franz Liszt was born and debauchery on Hungary, which has now rating Austria, although still referred to as debauchery on. If you become carrying on October. Twenty second of eighteen eleven and the very on at the time was rather small. It was basically a market town and most of the people who live there were both german speaking and ethnically hungarian or meagre List with the only child of Adam List,

Anna Maria logger analysed worked as a clerk for prints, Nicholas Esterhazy, who was a musical patron and at lists Father was also an amateur musician who could play several this different instruments, including the cello and the piano frowns lists Father, had also spent two years in the Frances can order. So France grew into a religiously pretty devoted child list already showed a really distinct love of music by the age of six and his father started to give him music lessons. France was just mostly talented, and he really progressed in his musical study extremely quickly. By the time he was nine. He was giving public performances as a concert pianist and after his first performance local bigwigs actually donated money to fund the next several years of his musical education. Soon his prodigious ability outstripped the resources,

that were available in the borri. On so lists, Father asked for an extended leave of absence from his employer and take France to Vienna there. He studied piano with caught Carl Journey. He himself had studied with Ludwig Van Beethoven list, also studied competition with Antonio salutary, who was much more famous for his relationship with an rivalry with Mozart. Both of these two teachers were so impressed with less tell it, but they refused to be paid for their work with him. Frances first public performance in Vienna was in eighteen, twenty two, so he would have been about eleven years old. At this time I am, he was described, as quote a little Hercules fallen from the clouds. He started writing his own compositions that same year, the next year, France met lid, Wigwam Beethoven for the first time and according to one possibly apocryphal account Beethoven, with, though charmed that he kissed him on the floor.

Eighteen, twenty three was also the year that list moved to Paris. This move was in one that was made so that he could continue his studies with other musical masters and while the Paris conservatory declined to admit him on the grounds that he was not french composer Anton Russia and italian composer. Fernando prayer taught him privately. In addition to his studies, he put on extensive public performer, is any really started to develop quite a following, however, in eighteen, twenty six, when he was fifteen years old, Frances Father died suddenly of typhoid his father had really been as primary source of support during all of this musical training in performing plus the boy with only. Ten years old. He had not always had good health up into this point, and this whole series of touring of studying had been really fatiguing after

father's death France had to share a one bedroom apartment with his mother and grieving unexhausted. He turned to teaching piano to try to make a living. He actually fell in love with love. Is students is going to set a trend for his later life when her father forced him to end their relationship, he became so ill that newspapers printed obituaries for him afterward. He retreated from public performance for almost or years than he spent most of this I'm reading and teaching music. He started to compose music again in eighteen, thirty following July Revolution in which King Charles, the tenth was overthrown and succeeded by Louis Fleet. In his mother's words quote the cannons cured him and afterward. He met several more famous names in the musical world, including Hector Berlioz, Niccolo, Paganini and Frederick Chopin List met the married Comtesse married that go in eighteen. Thirty, three

He was twenty two years old in spite of her being married, he fell in love with her and they were to be together for twelve years. They eventually had three children together to avoid the scorn of per even society. Over this affair. With a married woman, they laughed and spent the next four years travelling through Europe, including for Finland, ITALY and other non Paris, part of France, his travels and his love for her started to inspire him to compose, and he wrote a set of sweets were so low piano, which became be highly praised, a name the pillar ignores over the next few years lists reputation as a musician. Grew just dramatically. He gave tours

performances and really made a name for himself is a virtuoso composer in pianist and as well as an extremely charismatic and very expressive performer. He also became known for being quite generous with his music. In his time he often hot people and also accepted official posts for free. So we don't do this without pay and then he would donate the proceeds. From his concerts to charity. He also developed a different reputation thanks to his behaviour off stage, James Hookers night, however, by our graffiti in chapter two, which is called aspects of his art and character, begins lists, and the Ladys like this is like the heading. So it's like one list and the lady S at the feminine friendships, Franz Liszt gained for him as much notoriety as his music making to the average public. He was a compound of causes.

Byron and Gerda, and to this mixture, could have been added the name of stand. How lists lovers! there's lists children, lists perilous, escaped from daggers pistols and poisons where the subjects of conversation in Europe, three quarters of assent, really go as earlier: Byron was both hero and black sheep. In the current gossip of his time, let us add to the subjects of conversation right now that he was also extremely attractive, like I'm. Having trouble picking out with extremely attractive picture of Franz Liszt should accompany our blog post in our show notes and an episode itself, because there are many- and he looks like he looks like that, why your high school, he was very sensitive and skilful and wrote terrible poetry and made all of the girls think that he was just so tragically attractive like that. That's what he looked like

yeah. He looks like every guy in every movie about he forlornness as well that, like he so beautiful, no one will ever understand him yet have not. Yet it is a pretty thing. Everybody's exterior beautiful, so basically, this all meant that France list with the nineteenth century or to also piano rock star? And that's where this mania comes? Then you're going to talk about? After a brief word from a sponsor this episode of stuff you missed in history classes brought to you Norton three sixty with life lock. You know there are some real Grinch is out there, but they aren't green. They dont living caves, the tiny dog I'm talking about cyber criminals and identity thieves than they would love nothing more than to steal your happy holidays, because the timing, We can do a lot more online shopping and browsing and booking travel, and we might not always

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I fail to understand this mania that erupted around pants list but star by talking about what he was like. A concert here is a description written by HANS Christian Andersen of all people have lived sap before the piano. The first impression of his personality was derived from the appearance of strong passions and his wound face so that he seems to me a demon nailed fast, the instrument whence his tones streamed forth. They came from his blood from his thoughts. He was a demon. He would liberate his soul from the thralldom. He was on the right his blood flowed and his nerves trembled, but ass he continued to play so the demon vanished. I saw that pale face, assume a nobler and brighter expression. The divine soul show

From his eyes from every feature, he became as beauty is, as only spirit and enthusiasm can make their worshippers. Really list had been breaking new ground in his concert performance is. It was not at this point common for just a man and appear to have a whole stage to himself, but less did basically invent this recital as a performance format and definitely wasn't common for someone to play the p. Like a demon turned divine, the whole performance was so enormously expressive. An emotive and the audience tended to really just get caught up in it. On top of that list played with the piano in profile so that people can see his face. While you wait and he would whip his kind of long is here around ass. He was playing which was very striking. He also played Oliver music from memory, which a lot of other musicians of the day thought was extremely rare.

Especially when you were playing work that someone else had written, which could make people think that you had actually written it yourself. On December, twenty seventh of eighteen, forty one Franz Liszt, played the first concert in what would be a ten weak tour of Germany and the audience was overcome women, shrieked and swooned, and there was a general my sphere of rapturous chaos and from the men jealousy, weirder from their people, started wearing lockets in Bruges that had its base on them, which is not that weird means not that much different from having a t shirt with your favorite boy ban, face on it. Women, however, started carrying vials with them. Encase Franz Liszt walked away from some night, not quite empty cup of coffee, so they could like spirit away the unconsumed dregs of his car.

And then carry it around with them in that vital people, scavenge to old coffee grounds and cigar, but also there's even one story of a lady in waiting having one of his discarded cigar butts encased in a lock it that had his initials and jewels on the front. I love it, are. We now makes perfect sense to me. You remember exactly and Billy Bob Thornton we're walking around with piles of one another's blood. Yes, it was like that. I get it women with literally attack list when this mania was going on, so they would tear off parts of his clothes, they would try to sniff pieces of his hair and they would fight one another for their spoils. Heathrow loves and handkerchiefs into the audience after performances and the scene would evolve into fisticuffs, sometimes with the article That people were fighting over being torn to bits in the process, his manner of playing,

piano was also very prone to breaking strings and women with scavenge there's broken springs, also and then make them into bracelets, which is one of the less weird of all. I love that I love a little craft. He found them and yes These are wondering there are reports of women throwing their garments onto the stage, including their undergarments. Although this is this, viewed as to whether or not its factor fancy. So, although most of the list Romania behaviour is attributed the women. Men definitely did get on. The action some of them in their own excitement and some of them in the form of fighting one another. In fits of jealousy, it was poet and journalists Heinrich Heiner who the word lists Domine. On April twenty fifth eighteen, forty four at which point list had actually moved on to Paris and at First Hyena actually thought this whole phenomenon was a result of social legal expectations in Germany, it was cultural,

more reserved than parents with more stringent law enforcement. So his supposition that people were taking this opportunity to legally blow off steam where they could then friendless came to Paris where people were allowed freer and was a landmark. Also, wriggle room. The exact same thing happened, and he rode quite a lot about it, we're not going to read all of it, but we are going to read kind of a link. The bit of China's description, which goes strange, thought I these per reasons you have seen Napoleon who had to win one battle after another to hold their attention. Now they are our Franz Liszt. And what a climate was a veritable insanity, one unheard of in the annals of your

What is the reason of this phenomenon? The solution of this question belongs to the domain of the path ology, rather than that of aesthetics, a physician who specialities female diseases and whom I asked to explain the magic our list exerted upon his public smiled in the strangest manner and, at the same time said all sorts of things about magnetism, Galvin, ISM, electricity of the contagion of a close hall with helpless, wax light and several hundred perfumed and perspiring human beings of historical epilepsy, of the phenomenon of tickling of musical can thrive and other gabarus things which I believe have reference to the mysteries of the bonus data. Perhaps the solution of the question is not buried in such a venture steps, but floats on a very precise exercises,

It seems to me at times that all this source we may be explained by the fact that no one on earth knows knows so well how to organise his successes or raise their means answer as our Franz Liszt. In this art he is a genius As we said at the top of the show, the medical establishment thought this was a contagious, dangerous physical syndrome that could actually pat the path for one overwrought lady to another. They feared an epidemic. So basically people have been nowadays in young women being really excited about music for almost a hundred and seventy five years. That wasn't me with the Beatles. No new with any boy ban since then know all the way back to Franz Liszt, maybe even before it's possible that there were similar stories and other cultures, of their resources. I have at my disposal were about like the western musical tradition, yeah, so

actually this whole thing friend of plagued Franz Liszt. Other musicians were absolutely appalled at the audiences behaviour, including really famous names like Chopin and Schuman, Mendelson. A lot of people in the musical world really started to dislike Franz Liszt, based on what they five. This vulgar. Needless hero, worship, that was unblock, arrest and dangerous. Enlist own correspondent sounds Bigley bath old at this pattern I mean he was obviously doing some things to encourage it like on purpose, throwing gloves and handkerchiefs into audience, but he really is didn't seem to quite fathom the extent of everybody's intensity, but just like Beatlemania space girl mania and Bieber fever, eventually subsided. We're going to talk about that some or after we have a quick word from one of our fabulous sponsors. This episode,

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a car, whether your grocery shopping, your work, your kids are at school. You just need the eighty go up, which has a handy s button. This episode was brought to you by eighty tee. So, to get to the end of wisdom, mania and the end of public life in eighteen, forty seven list met Princess Carolines, you son, Wittgenstein, and he met her in Kiev and they started a relationship and see like his previous long term, love air with married. The princess wanted him to stop touring and settle down and focus on teaching and composing instead, and so well. He and the previous his previous live interest. The Comtesse habited to escape Paris and scandal. Instead list was installed in the princesses estates. His last paying concert was, in September of that year,

He was thirty five. At the age of thirty seven, he accepted the permanent posts of capital Meister. Basically, the person in charge of music for the grand duke of I'm are this position. With a royal benefactor, Carl Alexander, to be his patron, so he had to financial, and social backing to discontinue his own work. Let's move Hu I am are, and the princess later joined him there in addition to his ongoing teaching and composition and lists, started, trying to create new musical forms, the most famous of these with the symphonic poem, which is a musical beast. It's meant to evoke or illustrate a story he's a visual art. These competitions were really groundbreaking and they attracted more music students who wanted to learn from him. He dedicated most of his music around this time to the princess, Caroline, and, while in rhyme list, robots considered to be his most accomplished, symphonic work I found symphony or Faust Symphony

this is essentially a series of Interconnected Symphonic, poems based on Johann Wolfgang VON gift as tragic play, Faust tat an Schiller had both lived in my and Liz drew musical, inspiring from their literary work. His post is Cappel also meant that this was responsible for combating the Weimar Castro, and in doing so he really revolutionized what it meant sickened, backed up until that point, the conductor was basically a human metric, He made sure that all of the orchestra played in time with one another and that nobody, MR cues, but list added gestures and expressions and an emotive physical presence, a guide what the orchestra should sound like in the shape of the playing itself- and this is pretty much taken for granted in the field of conducting an orchestra. Today, that's how it works at the end of the eighteen fifties, life became more

difficult for list, he resigned his posting Weimar in eighteen, fifty nine and at that point two of his children also died one in that same year that he resigned and then another a few years later in eighteen, sixty two. He also got caught up in a musical feud known as the war of the romantic and this period, the more romantically inclined musicians list and Richard Bognor against the more conservative classically inclined traditionalist faction of Robert Schuman, Felix Mendelson in your Highness Brahms. This was basically Butte between the more avant garde, musical seen and the composer pursued through their influence from past masters. Like Bach Mozart and Beethoven, This association with Lardner also meant that less developed, a reputation for

anti semitic views, but their significant dispute about whether quotations there were attributed to him in this area of thought were accurate or they were not yet. This point Bognor is kind of notoriously anti semitic in his views that I had a hard time confirming exactly what lists views were so as its whole musical schism was going on list moves to Rome where the princess Caroline had gone, to try to get her previous marriage, annulled by the Pope, shameless

hopes to get married, but her enormous did not go through, so they did not. And if this pointless turned away from a lot of the world in eighteen, sixty three, he moved to an apartment at a monastery outside of Rome in two years later in eighteen, sixty five, he caught his hair and a taunt you're. So that's the shaping of the middle part of the scalp that leaves a ring of hair around it. At this point, he took holy orders that same year and he pursued in extensive the theology, with the hope of joining the clergy, and although he was never ordained, he did become an abbot any produced. A number of religiously themed musical works in eighteen. Seventy list returns. Hungary to visit, and while he was away from Rome, Victor Emmanuel, a second attempted to unify all the italian state and essentially laid siege to Rome since he couldn't returned,

list remained in Hungary and accepted a post at the Royal National Hungarian Academy of Music in Budapest, and today this is the Franz Cadmium music. For the last fifteen years of his life list divided his time among Budapest, Weimar and Rome, he continued to teach extensive, and cultivated the idea of a master class and that's an idea. That's continued to be part of musical and other artistic education. Today he taught these demonstration base classes, he being the master of course for free. He struggled with pressure and failing health toward the end of his life and he died in Germany on July thirty, first eighteen, eighty six by then he hid composed about fourteen hundred works,

although these pretty universally recognised as a virtue of subpoena player, as well as for his contribution to the art of conducting in the idea of some funding poems, there are still people that argue that his skill is a composer was all hype tat. I found several articles that were like five list with he really any good. I don't think There is always the case with avant garde folks. They re like, even though Where are the case with excessively pretty sulphur looking people, you acquire an overly excited base of bans that, like the scream alone, Right I mean you can see that if any person in the arts or nothing really where like if they have really rapid fans theirs, it's gonna be a kick back of lake. Now.

They're not worth all of that, even though they are super. Talented and amazing right people say that about the Beatles whom there is like, there's plenty of arguments he can make about the Beatles and whether influences are whether this employment should have gotten more attention and whether all of their work is really great, but really seriously specifically geared to dismiss the entirety of the Beatles, because Ladys were screaming about them. Yeah. So fair also, this whole phenomenon spawned a weird rock opera about from Lisbon. The nineteen seventeen that was called was Romania, and there is also a song an album by the Ban Phoenix that became very popular more much more recently. If you want to leave all kinds of pride

resources about prompt Franz Liszt, the Library of Congress has a whole bunch of a bunch of em are on the web. Pretty off. Who all? Thank you so much for joint action on this Saturday. If you have heard an email address or a facebook url or something similar over the course of today's Epizootic, since it is from the archive that might be out of date. Now you can email us at history, podcast at how stuff works, dot com and you can- and it's all over social media at missed in history, and you can subscribe to our shadow on Apple podcast, Google Podcast, the eye radio app and wherever else, he wasn't the gown

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