Here's. The thing saving money with Geico was almost better than playing pick up basketball, because there's always that guy joint, your game, ever passes. The rock he constantly Rex theories and who completely happy when put his hands up and say no foul, no foul with Geico, it's easy to switch save on car insurance. No need Fagin Ankle sprain, because you're absolutely exhausted, so which, in save with back it's almost better than sports find a new way forward. When suddenly, you have two ready or not, maybe or relocating or in your first baby or leaving relationship just starting or just starting over, road to somewhere, we talk about all of it, getting really honest and we definitely laugh our way through it. That's the beauty, this journey, I'm LISA and I'm Joe Herzog join us as we navigate our own big life changes honour, podcast, the road to somewhere, listen to the road to some

on the eye, radio, app an apple podcast or wherever you get. Your butt Ass continue. You missed in history has looks like I am. I would welcome to. The fund can learn Tommy frying Andrei Phoebe, Wilson, entry, we talk a little bit about military history and its world were to specifically, and even though this particular peace that were discussing is in fact, military history. If there were a bit history of ingenuity or sleight of hand. I think of history. Would be one of the big events on that time line, so we're going to the? U S, ghost army, which was a topsecret group that was assembled to create confusion, in and mislead access forces and its really amazing story. Stars ingenuity and bravado assertive the the main elements of the peace

when the idea of military deception was, of course not new to world were to everyone has heard of with the Trojan horse, for example, and deceit, is a tactic, is part of Sun sues ART of war, almost

culture and history that found itself at war with another culture use some type of trickery trying to outsmart the enemy, because this sort of a vital part of getting the upper hand in a conflict is is misleading so that you can kind of swooping with your forces. But this group really went to some pretty extraordinary measures to achieve their goals and they did some really fascinating and cool things, and so- and it is classified for a long time and then when it came to light. So we're gonna talk about it today, as it is really cool. So to start out at the beginning, like we normally do the twenty third headquarters special shapes the was the one and only deception, outfit that the U S Army had ever authorized. The goal was to corral a group of creative thinkers to approach warfare in new ways, and this sort of trickery focused effort, was inspired by the success.

Operation Bertram, in which our forces used dummy tanks and camouflage to trick Ramos forces into an incorrect assessment of the allies position and strength during the second battle of Ella mean in North Africa and also bolstering this case, reduce it unit was the? U S: success in misleading german intelligence, leading up to the battle of Tunisia. They realise this was working and they thought, let's just have a unit that focused on this. The idea of forming a unit dedicated justice is attributed to captain Ralph Ingersoll. Before the war, he had been a celebrity journalists and even working with great Britain on deception techniques to mislead the Germans or the time leading up to date. On Christmas, Eve of nineteen forty, three, a memo to the assistant chief of staff for operations. War department in Washington DC officially requested the creation of a unit with a mission quote to stimulate a core of two in,

three, the visions and one armor divisions and core installations; rail had dumps, etc. So, beginning in nineteen, forty for more than one thousand young men were recruited and they were recent art, school graduates or add agency creatives, and they were handpicked for this assignment recruits were sent to Camp Forest until a homo Tennessee to train within the twenty. Third. Were several companies for the two hundred and forty four signal company worked on radio Counter intelligence, the thirty one. Thirty second Signal service company, which has actually trained at Pine Camp New York, works to develop sonic deception techniques. The forest fixed engineer, combat company worked on the big construction projects and was in charge of security and often you'll hear this effort mentioned link when people say: oh, they go sorry. They used inflatable tanks to deceive the Germans, and that is partially true, but

We mention in breaking down these different companies within the twenty. Third. It was a whole lot more than that, I feel like the tanks, get the big like kind of bud speedy headlines. Which is understandable, there's really cool video that exists like where you can see them rolling over these inflated tanks. Any dear. I don't know that ever heard any audio recordings- and I don't think I've ever seen- anyone reference them online, so you can see where the tanks get all the attention, but I was not otherwise. For instance, audio work sometimes referred to as sonic deception was a huge piece of the ghost army puzzle you they would make these huge speakers to project elaborate. Sounds gapes and radio plays that route were created by the thirty one. Thirty second Signal service company and these men had recorded tanks and trucks and artillery unit

and they sound engineered them into a number of different soundtracks, and these recordings would include, sounds of the move or military construction, and they would even have things like vehicle sputtering and they basically a mass This really amazing sound catalogue of basically every military vehicle that they had access to doing everything those machines could do so they could kind of peace them together and create unique and specific radio dramas. Basically, so if you to broadcast a battalion vehicles starting up in the distance and moving closer. They could create that with their Ass Library of recordings, complete with idiosyncratic Jim noises for specific vehicles and kind of mimic that distance to fly moving forward. Nearness that you would hear if he were in one position with an actual troop going by. I like to imagine this is an extremely high tech

in following King Arthur around banging cocoanut together. It was very high tech. Even for the time I mean they were really kind of on the advanced edge of technology and how they were using sound there. Let's move like these, that kind of sound work happens in movies and tv and things like that. All the time now, like that's me, sort of how work, so this is a different use for that. In addition to the three companies created with new recruits, another company was loop them to this one thirty headquarters special troops, and that was the sixth or third engineer, camouflage battalion the men of the six. A third had been working on, camouflage were a couple of years already, so they brought their expertise to a group already at a fairly polish state. They had already managed impressive accomplishment that, by disguising the plant, involves more aware, be twenty six farmers were assembled,

in the event that access forces wished to look for the plant. What they would see when they flew over was just a regular rural area and before we get to how the twenty third trained and then made their way to Europe, even a pause for a moment for a word from a sponsored. Yes, I do you pay packets nurse have you ever wanted to share a love story with someone, but you may be wanted to do it in a really unique in interesting way or you were struggling to get the exact rate words in place. Will you don't know to worry about that, you can put it into a book, and that is where love book comes in love, books, help customers express their sentiments that there working hard to make their own unique thing, and each book is completely customizable. Most customers use them to list the reasons why they love someone. But you can you all kinds of things you can create characters, it look like yourself and the recipient, radon outfits and accessories you can pay

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so during the spring of nineteen. Forty four, the men of the twenty third, were training that they were training and skills. That seemed in many ways more appropriate for a touring theatre company than for a group of soldiers. So they built prototype. Prop vehicles burst out of wood and burlap and then out of rubber. The rubber versions licked incredibly realistic, but they weighed less than a hundred. The peace. The men would also train with dummy artillery and other proper equipment. They practice sending it their fake radio messages, and they learn just enough about the other different outfits that they could impersonate them. Their as individuals or as a group and men couldn't so had to learn because they were gonna have to quickly alter their uniforms and switch out patches as they sort of performed. These presto changes masquerades

in May the majority of the twenty third of boarded the? U S: S Henry given in New York bound for Great Britain. They spent about a month near Stratford, I'm Avon, while they trained, although by all accounts there was also quite a bit of partying here. This sounds like really a lovely time that they have well. They were in Britain for the first wave of men from the twenty third shipped out to free just following D day, and this was a small platoon. It was just fifteen men. They landed at almost Omaha Beach on June, fourteenth so just add a week ago, or a nurses actually flew with them, so that they could tend to the wounded. They were waiting there on the beach going from a month in the idyllic reddish countryside having what was kind of a party s atmosphere into the reality of war in France was, of course, something of a shock knowing that they were there. Draw fires. Some of the men thought that the twenty third was really a suicide outfit.

They had been trained in different sort of arts and deception. So much in actual combat. So they really did. Some of them really did think at that point, like other just sending us there to die and take the heat of the real soldiers, but The course of the next two months, the rest of the twenty third joined their fellows in France, leading up to their first big mission, which was operation. Elephant about half of the man in the unit were involved in operation elephant during which they pretended to be the army. Second, armoured division in the real second armoured division was on the moon, while the twenty third after the appearances you're enough sort of a theme of their their missions throughout, and while this sham did indeed work near by german troops held their position. Rather, following the real second armoured division, because they did believe they were still there. This is also a pretty big learning experience,

this particular operation. It was revealed that if the inflatable tanks at the twenty third used lost even a small amount of air. The cannons would droop the whole thing away. They really there are some paintings that can find online and documentaries. For you see sort of this droopy cannon proclaiming it really does look comical. It's an inherently comical image year: their tanks, not made the fire into the ground. It looked very. Very silly While they were not discover, ignore theatrical stirring operation elephant, it also became apparent that setting up an entire, This division was gonna, be better executed in the dark of night. They had not waited until really late. They use in daylight hours to do it.

And they also realised that they really needed till. I tighten up their disguising came of large game if they wanted to ensure future success. The entire twenty third was then tasked with operation breast, which was named for the nearby french port city. That was an August nineteen. Forty four, the sonic unit, was the last to arrive in France. So breast was the first time that the twenty third had their all arsenal of tricks. Suppose all and the goal was to create the impression of an existing tank unit having far greater power than it actually did, with the hopes that they would trick. The jury into a surrender, and so the twenty third used a mix of fuel tanks and dummies, flash canisters to sort of fake tanks, firing and sound mixing decree this really convincing illusion of a huge tank division.

The main bravado move of this mission came in the delivery of some of these sounds scapes that they had mixed so late at night. Members of the twenty third would actually sort of Crete forward with their sound equipment. They would within about five hundred yards of the enemy line, and they would play sounds of what sounded like officers issuing orders and people. Yet counter orders and even like fake situate, of arguments where there would be accidents that were staged in there, sing at these imaginary errors, they are all doing, is really close to enemy lines, pretty to think about what that must have been like sitting there in that with your speaker playing these things. Knowing how very closely were its sobering to think about it was effective, so effective that it confused

were units positioned about a mile away, and while it didn't get the Germans under General, Herman be VON ramp get to turn tail, it did keep them from going anywhere. This was a good things that was an estimated thirty. Eight thousand. And tribes- and that was almost double what the allies initially estimated if they had not been tricked into holding their line against this perceived threat from this puffed up, half faked thank battalion. They might have got on the offensive in and really damaged the, I'd forces and, throughout the rest of nineteen, forty four and on forty five, the twenty third continued to run these military masquerade games and with ever

mission. They would come regroup and refine their playbook and see what had worked in what hen and they just got better and better and better. They learned how to stage and set dress their fate camps more and more often, to clearly on the fact. You, like, I said that weird they learned how to stage and set dress their fate camps more and more authentic Lee and they started hand painting patches to mimic those of existing units. Are they if they can get ahold of real ones? Then they would stage fake headquarters to give out fake promotion, so low rate Man would look like generals and other officers creating the full illusion of real operations and then late at night. They would, you know, go call in inflate their full vehicles and artillery under cover of darkness, so that window team. It would appear as though a huge surge of troops had arrived in the area and energy.

To providing this false image of battle ready army troops were. There was really only a line of fake vehicles in prerecorded noise, the twenty third, the bill it seemed to appear out of thin air and vanished justice quickly, actually had a real, unnerving effect on the enemy, so the german army, calling them the Phantom Army. Other tricks included the ongoing burning of fires that camps that were deserted in different ways to create fake tank tracks. In addition to the inflatable tanks and trucks, they also use dummy planes and buildings. They could mix bake radio transmissions within with the real ones to confuse the enemy and they mounted fake parachute drop them, put up signs directing our vehicles that were never actually coming, but this elaborate spectacle also included a whole lot of acting on the part of the troops. Knowing that any, U S, troops were always being watched by german soldiers or spies, or sometimes they were french people. Working

Germans as informants the boys of the twenty third would really y all manner of ruses. They would change out their unit insignia, as we mention on uniforms as well as on vehicles. They would do quick stenzel work to change everything up and they would make sure that they were seen about town wherever they were and of drinking and hanging out, and if they were asked what unit they were part of the make up names, a reference, a unit that they were covering four and so even with a sort of mount these, these fake little tab lower. They would fain drunkenness and blab false information and public play is so, this sort of became this ongoing game of misinformation and subterfuge where they were just sort of always acting as will completely flawless there. Sometimes there where mistakes than problems on occasion, a dummy tank would me and waded facing the wrong direction, because all of these set up parts are being done at night with easy enough.

If one and turn it around, but if it was already daylight when they realise the problem they are going to have to do it with really careful timings. So as not to be noticed at one point, several vehicles that had been inflated in the night were warmed so much. The sun came up with the air expanding inside them, cause them to pop loudly as they sprang leaks, and why, while this sort of sounds hilarious, it was happening during a war zone all of these accidents, but the men involved at serious risk and all in all, there were twenty one missions mounted by the twenty third and before we get a sort of the biggest one that they undertook to do a quick word from a sponsor. Let's do this episode of stuff you, MRS history, glasses brought. You buy Norton three sixty with lifelong. Let's just say yours,

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Norton DOT, com, slash history, that's Norton, Dotcom, slash history for twenty five percent of the only ways through a new podcast impact. Shit with our radio under join us. As we hear from the world's greatest athletes. Cultures pack train. Isn't there guess how they utilised training competition recovery and this innovations if it is to improve their performance, air pushed through their personal, physical and mental challenge, Here's Canadian had, sadly Georgia anywhere. You can practise every day because you're working on things like you might so something down exaggerate another thing, but when you're competing you're going as hard as you can for Even that short amount of time. It's a lot of intense It's a lot of physical powers. A mental power. I think that's why so draining and to shift gears after every event. Like I just round the hurdles now have to think of a hydra. How do I get as high up in the ears I can after I just tried to run as fast as I can giving that much

as the in such contracting events can can be really be difficult listen to the only way is through available now on the radio or wherever you get your pockets, so the biggest it What is arguably the most successful of the twenty third missions was operation fearsome, and this took place near the wars and relatively It wasn't right at the end, but it was in March of nineteen forty five and this basically launched a big, visible decoy mission to once again cover the movements of other troops, while parts of the ninth army were moving north to quietly crossed the Rhine. The twenty third was making a big show of pretending to be those troops farther south. They masqueraded as the ninth and ran practice and training maneuvers for a crossing it. And trust publicly enough to draw lots of attention, and this was really a massive effort, so they set up the medical and engineering facilities,

they had trucks and Santa Cruz cruise greeting the illusion of convoys moving supplies, one point there. Just having trucks loaded upwards be driving them back and forth, and they would put two guys at the very back. So it looks like it was full of troops, but in fact there are only two guys at the back. They re everything perfectly so that an aerial recognizance taking pick This would have no idea that the entire thing was a hoax, the one of the reasons he's artist city could conceptually visualize like how things would look for multiple angles, even when they didn't have those angles available to them, so they really mean

loathing beautifully realistic, even though it was in fact our hoax. When their real ninth crossed the Rhine. The Germans are taken totally by surprise those german troops that could resist them more disorganized and unprepared. So U S. Casualties are very few. The twenty third received, the commendation from the ninth army commander, William Simpson, for their effort, a later estimate by Simpson and placed the number of troops that were saved by this deception at ten thousands, and it ended up being the twenty third last mission of the war and in September of nineteen forty five, the twenty third was completely shut down. So one of the inherent dangers of being in a ghost army designed to draw attention

is that it also draws fire. So it's easy to think of others. Pageantry and strategic sleight of hand is really fun and fascinating, but it really put the men involved at great risk at one point. They were actually set up in best stone and they actually miss the start of the battle of the bold by about four hours they had pulled out around midnight of December sixteenth, and this is its point. Nineteen forty four in the fighting started around four a m so those men than trap there with their phony equipment. They would have been an incredibly dire straits and unable to defend themselves during the battle of the balls, the twenty third returned to Luxembourg City, where they had already spent a lot of time and fired from the rooftops that the incoming liftoff aircraft. This is the only time they ever really for real, fired at the enemy yeah. I was there when their one time that actually got to. Warm actual combat activities

Twenty third, after that was very quickly move to their done so in part, the I wanted to maintain the secrecy of the ghost Army and, in another part they realise that this blow dummy artillery, was not to be any good in a fight, so they just want to clear them out, and the men ended up spending Christmas in Verdun, while the group had been extraordinarily lucky about their time. They're, like finally ran out in the spring of nineteen forty five on March twelfth while impersonating the Eightieth Infantry, the twenty third drew german artillery fire two of their men were killed and fifteen others were wounded. This was really their worst day in spite of having been an incredibly dangerous areas. Many times they kept up false appearances, all through the war and one of the problems that comes up when discussing

the twenty third and their effectiveness and sort of assessing what they were able to achieve lies in the fact that so much of their work with secret and often it fooled allied forces as well as the enemy like the ally forces, didn't even really know what was going on with them a lot of the time they thought they were just another unit after the war or most of the men stayed quiet about. The amazing works are deceptive, argue that they had been part of the work was classified so in the event that the? U S, found itself at war again having a ghost army would be a really valuable asset, so the middle. Very didn't wanna tippets hand and reveal this resource, but finally, and ninety ninety six. So, almost nineteen years ago, from when we're recording this, the work of the twenty third was declared

the fight and the men who had only been able to give cagey answers to their families about what they had done in the war were now free to speak of their incredible efforts. One of the truly significant aspects of the twenty third and the work that they did is the fact that an entire division of creative people with successfully managed within the structure of the military. Yet this is the things that people often go like, but these were all artists in a totally were able to work together in this. This effort- and I dont know if that speaks to their level of commitment or independence. You know it's one of those things that often likes to get bandied about dignity when your time modern business like oh, it's hard to manage creative people. Take these guys vanish in the arguments from scary, stuff yeah. I think it also speaks to the like perpetual mythology, rising of creative work as some kind of extraordinary thing when in a lot of cases,

It is work which is to say the way. Creative inspiration isn't really fabulous and cool and unique in many ways, but I just I find that to be a really interesting when they do mythologies working with creative types- and I say this as a creative person married to an artist as well Lake. The did take it can be. Anybody can be managed right, sort of effort that can be put together without you know, using assets and another really incredible legacy is the artwork that one of these men were doing while they were deployed a little bit more about that in a minute. Yes, really, no surprise that a lot of the men who were involved in is effectively doing art for the army went onto careers and arts. So, for example, Bilbil ass of course went on sport, a fashion empire. It act even sketching women's clothing during the war yeah, there was one interview that I saw with

one of the other members of the twenty third of he was saying- and I dont know a few serious or not that they'll blast would read vote magazine in foxholes, but I have no idea, but I loved it. Our team of course became a very well known. Hard refer his photo entitled a greedy in Harlem, which was taken in nineteen. Fifty eight featured fifty seven prominent jazz musicians. Don't considered one of the most important images of jazz history and he also took a lot credible, celebrity portraits, and he was the photographer for the one and only Delorean magazine, add to ever run. Ellsworth Kelly made a career as a painter in a sculptor and became known for use of really bright, color and very hard edges Arthur singer became an illustrator and he really became known for his incredibly detail bird illustrations. So if you have ever looked at

was treated burning field guy. The odds are really good that you ve seen his work. Has it been in everything? Jack Macy went onto the sign backdrops for the state Department. Eventually he designed the kitchen said that was these for the Knicks increasing, they of nineteen, fifty nine and there's a really wonderful documentary called the ghost army that I highly recommend for people that want to hear accounts some of the surviving members of the twenty third and one of the reasons I really loved it to you is that it be Visual media. There able to show a lot about our work that these we're doing while they were in France and in practice, no, it's amazing maneuvers and one of them Something like you know. We were in all these crazy circumstances that we can always find time or the place to duck away and do a quick watercolor What do you think is a super terminally think they we're all artists at heart, even though they were part of this amazing war effort

A documentary is, as of this recording in early twenty fifteen is available on Netflix It's a little longer than an hour, and you get to see a lot of this rule raising our interest interviews with these guys in it deals a little bit more with with them as individuals, rather than like. What we ve covered is so much of sort of the bigger kind of broad strokes of the whole unit, but this really focuses on some of the different men and has interviews with them that are really quite charming and touching and really really entertaining so. I highly recommend man and then ass. The ghost army, which is just such a the whole thing, is so cool and I'm surprised, even though it does pop ups and in lake in a realistic goals. Online people don't really know about it. Like it's another one, things were, I thought, oh everyone's heard about this. We ve had a few request for it, but then, when I mention it to people they

Let me, like I, don't know what you're talking about and then, when I say a few things they get sort of this lake agog would really what's so clearly. This there's there's some gap in in there in the knowledge about these guys in its they did such amazing things that I think everybody should know at their work was like the also have some listener mail for ass. I do I have never seen before and one is really more and we thank you, but so the first line is from a very young listener and it is so charming that it made me crazy yet so this is from our listener penny. She says, dear stuff, you missed in history class people. I extremely love the pot cast on the curse of Mirth Mary Celeste. Things that the crew breathing the whisky fuse was bad for there. What do you think I run one or two of your pike S every day, but dad makes me run. I would rather just listen to your paragraph alone. We

they came to Colorado and listen to your Pakistan, the car, but we did not have to run. I have a pike. S request about the emperor penguin of and in article as I am a great fan of penguins. In my room is stuffed with them, and this is from our listener. Penny is p s. I love your pack has p s. I am seven years old and home school, I guess you're a lot of helped me and then she drew this amazing picture of penguins and they're holding little flags, and one of them says Tracy and Holly, and I have a kinship with her, because I too have penguins so figure out a way to do something on improving lengthened again. Thank you, penny that was also have actually been hang onto this one for a few months. I just love it so much. I can keep it out at my desk. I find it terribly charming now and came in, and we were both delighted with so cute and the other one is from, and I hope I am pronouncing the name re our listener. Nicole and she sent us this amazing parcel and she wrote a postcard

Ladys I thought you might enjoy these planners. I make a small run of them each year and chose these covers just for you, and this is for me, at year of the calendar, dot com and she said it on a postcard of one of her sheep named uncle honey. Who is Shetland, weather and he's horrible and I love it. His name's uncle Henry Bones and also oh In this you don't even know how you hit the sweet spot with planners. For me, I was so excited when they came I started I am increase either always I was making them. Often there really cool planners state of deliberate sassy, there's a little bit of adult language in them. Which I love to find a way to lay out the year. That's really guys in a really smart and fun way I just I adored it there's so many little extra

little how to draw things within it and its magical. I have such a calendar addiction in such planner addiction, specifically that there was a good and cynical. I can't thank you enough for that. There was an absolute delight to open, then she's, really not exaggerating the call now physically present. In the office when these arrived, she text with me a video of pages, So that is how excited Hollywood suppose the polluter. I love the like all caps, love, I love the their awesome. I all of them, but I have the person, has good intentions about planters every year and I will keep up with the planter for about three days, Well, yeah, no mine is already gonna start no dog here till they drag it everywhere. With me, pathos of come and its did because a good site where I can Turkey and little notes and staff and like if it

little sketch of like a costumer, something that I want to state checking Chauvelin mean there's some good spaces really complained of it again all caps, He would like the right as an email. You can do that in his report, as it has to start com. You can also connect with us on Twitter, at Mister history or at Facebook. Dot com, slash misdemeanours, It also find us on Tumblr. It missed in history that tumblr com at Pinterest outcomes, less missed in history, and I'm hoping we can find them examples of some of the artwork that we talked about today, and I know there are photos of some of these fake tanks and artillery pieces and stuff that, hopefully we'll find him put on papers and you can also visit the mist and Histories Richard Store, which, as MR history about spreadsheet com you can buy missed in history, these two, where or toad around you can put your plan or in one of those or you can get a phone case covered

to learn a little bit more about what we talked about today. You can go to you our appearance. I, after works type in our team of large and you'll, get now military. Camouflage works, smother, camouflage articles about how it works and make sure you can also visit us. It missed in history that com for show, notes and archive of all of our research are currently little goodies and if he would like to do that, we highly encourage you to visit again half the works that com or mr history. More or less thousands of other complex networks. Hey listeners. I wanted to tell you about a new podcast from my heart radio called the women hosted by rose red. It is

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