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Really been seeing them see you now available wherever you get pie, guests continue stuff. You missed in his reply from Housetop works. Tat come along and I welcome Tracy question opera I would like to like opera, Ray. What I love opera, but I'm always a little bit reticence, I that people that know a lot about opera, because what often happens is that their them like accept turn off at a gallop wanting to talk about like different performances- and you know some very technical names and I'm kind of like no. I just like to listen to it, but I'm not really what you would call an office collar even on the most mild degree,

But really enjoy it and there are a lot of aspects of opera that are actually in our daily lives and we don't even know about, and today we're gonna talk about. A very famous opera house that has a legacy that touches probably on hearing. This is life whether they realize it or not. If you grew up watching bugs by me, if you grew up watching tell in her film. You have heard some of the work that came out of this sort of hotbed of you know really amazing cultural development. I will make a brief aside about how one of them I'll do my wedding sort of when we get to that part? We're going out the Le Scholar Opera House, the tap her Alice scholar, which is one of the most renown opera houses in all the world. It is ITALY's Crown jewel of the arts really. What are? They and even if you only have a passing knowledge of opera or really you don't You have any knowledge of opera odds. Are you know anymore, to connected to the history of this legendary place, because It's one of those amazing icon that really actually touches and sort of tat,

together a lot of different pieces of history on the timeline? So there are things that you may not associate with opera that we cannot get connected here, so we will start with how it got built in the first place on February, twenty six, seventeen, seventy six, the royal to count Theatre burned to the ground in a fire Since the theatre had really been the heart of opera in MILAN, they needed to build a replacement, and at the time oil house of Austria was actually ruling over MILAN and imprisoned Maria Theresa Sphere, headed this plan to replace this loss cultural landmark in again to place. Teresa in context she was the mother of the famed queen of France, Marie Antoinette, as well as the the holy roman Emperor Leopold. The second should many many other children and really can of populate

lot of royal houses throughout Europe, so that the first person whose kind of connected to this that you might not have known about the architect chosen for the task of designing the new opera house was Giuseppe he marini pay. Marini is now considered one of the great neoclassical architects and he was no stranger to high profile gigs. He had also worked on the Royal Palace of MILAN, as well as the Maria Theresa Hall of the Breton, see national library, also in MILAN, and the cost of concern Jim for this new theater was funded by the people, who had actually already owned private boxes in the destroyed the cow theatre by their return, he's, donors got renewed ownership of their boxes soon, the new theatre. They would once again have a box as well as per ownership of the land where the theater was built and prior to the theatre going up, the church of Santa Maria Alice Scala had, standing on land and had to be demolished to make way for the new facility,

the name less Karla was retain is a way to kind of honour that church it took a little more than two years to build the new building and on August third, seventeen. Seventy eight MILAN new Opera House, they auto oil, a scholar which translates to the theatre at the stairway, opened its doors the first opera performed, there was Antonio salaries. Europa revealed Matthew ever Ivy Bertha Libretto, which centres on the story of Zeus's former lover Europa. The plot begins with Europa being kidnapped, but just before her wedding and forced into marriage with the king of Crete, after lots of dramatic twists and turns Europa is placed on the throne of tyre. Although she quickly turns over the seat of power to sail in his new love,

PAMELA after she performed their marriage and so with scarlet continued to offer operatic performances too great success for many years. So again that was late. Seventeen hundreds, when it re, opened its doors or when it opened its doors, to the previous theater, but then in the early eighteen hundreds. There were several developments that happen. There really sort of change the complexion of LE scholars, artistic opera offerings in their focus. First in eighteen, twelve, an opera by Jo Aquino Rossini they bid and it was called the touchstone. It was the story of love tested by multiple suitors, whether libretto that was written by Luigi Roman Ellie. This work to move to what's called opera, Syria or serious opera and the style focuses more on the solo voice and Bell Canto or beautiful singing other. That's not what it was called until a whole out later to explain. Why can't I will quote New York Times music rider, Anthony Thomas Fini, who wrote the following in two thousand and eight

and its narrowest sense. Bell. Canto opera refers to the early decades of nineteenth century italian opera when Rossini, Bellini and done as Eddie dominated the field, but the overall concept of Bell Canter started much earlier with a consensus among opera enthusiasts that there was nothing more ravishing than a beautiful voice, singing a beautiful melodic line beautifully, especially melodic line, driven by sensitive musical setting of a pie Eric unthinkable text. This episode is brought to you by the only twenty twenty Forward explorer Tracy. I know that you have been thinking about an interesting thing lately, which is why your pic would be for the greatest exploration vehicle of all time. Yeah gotta go with the research vessel petrol that was owned by the late Paul Alan found, so many shipwrecks which our listeners love, that we started to make jokes about it like we were like, and this is a shipwreck that wasn't found by.

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thing. Saving money with Geico was almost better than playing pick up basketball. Is always that guy who joined your game He never passes the rock he instantly bricks theories and who can we have you and then put his hands up and say no foul, no foul with Geico its ease. The switch and save on car insurance, no, need fake, an ankle sprain because you're absolutely exhausted so which in save with back it's almost better than sports, so, whereas prior operas had really

who did more chorus an orchestra elements, this style kind of put those in the background it favoured a single exquisite voice for pieces of performance and receive opera was instantly successful and it was performed dozens of times over the course of its run with opera theory. At now, at the forefront of my opera culture receiving have lots of additional works perform that was valid over the next thirteen years. These included ill Turco in Italian or the Turk in ITALY. His version of send a relay. Barbarian civilians or the barber of Seville, which you are familiar with. If you watch locked, the bucks, bunny and tallow, among others, so reef aside, I will tell you that the rabbit Seville, as my absolute favorite, bugs Bunny cartoon of all time. I also love. What's opera doc been an opera arena. The rabbit Seville just works for me, largely because of all the great Charlie Chaplin callbacks they do so much so that is still from that cartoon is what was on my wedding invitations, some say:

So I am a little bit too Rossini there, the other significant, What my fullest scholar during this time was the staging of several ballets by the Torah, Vigo and Carlo Glossy and legally shifted the focus away to a narrative style with his choreography. In this case the dance told a story: three in one arc, rather than just being a series of sort of well staged movements, his curio drama, as it came to be called been developed a Vienna before He D, viewed it to italian audiences and once key started. Having showings, it was it became very, very popular and handed of working at the famous opera house for more than fifteen years, and during time, while he was there, he staged, among others, hotel dollar lover style, which is the vessel virgin and each attorney, which is the titans Harlow Glassy, with a dancer and a student of big. No, and in addition to continuing this narrative tradition of his mentor choreography, he was also rigorous insight.

The mining, the technique of valet. He performed all over the world as a dancer, and he wrote his first treatise on dance while working in MILAN, worthless scholar in eighteen, twenty, his most famous riding on the art, was the code of trips agree and, in addition to advancing belly technic. Lastly, also promote the idea that artists could be cultured and familiar with all of the arts not just their own. Yet he really kind of fostered. This idea that any dancers who were working with him needed to also be reading literature. They knew to be studying music. They needed to be really well rounded kind of rent

People in that regard the work of both of you gonna end lassie established the scarlet in the world about way, as well as the world of opera, where it had already been succeeding in a sort of built, its reputation as a theatre, we're just excellence, prevailed amongst all manner of the arts. So during that time to particular composers became just prolific ATLAS Scala. The first was gay Tata done his Eddie and he premier and his opera. She era a thorough fino in October of eighteen, twenty two, the libretto was by Felice Romani, because the work had just been rushed due to all kinds of problems and with those among the production members. The reception was mediocre, in spite of that, he continued to produce work for low Scala, as well as for many other opera houses for years afterward, including an opera entitled the creature Borgia, he continued

to serve the popularity of the Bell canto style. Since I know we have a Borgia fans in listening audience and make sure they knew the third opera about the The other important composer from this time is Vincenzo Bellini and he D viewed his opera, improper or the pirates in eighteen, twenty seven, it was our and believe me, sing her was really his amazing talent for writing. Vocal melody, that's been characterized as both pure and sensuous, and his influence is apparent. Throughout the world of opera following him, nor to many other famous composers, including Bognor Chopin and list, so that while the entirety of Le Scala is very influential, he in particular influence several composers. It came after him. Like done is very. He was another artist who is linked to the Bell canto style. Although Billina is

really believed to be the more gifted of the two in the area of vocal harmonies Yosemite. His work is really beautiful to listen to and, like I said, I ve, no mine, knowledge of music, fury and opera is very limited, but I still just him always struck by how absolutely beautiful some of these pieces and then there is- and we get to a time when another really huge name, that everyone will probably recognise that we attach so a scholar can emerges- is in eighteen, thirty, nine or better still contain de San Boniface YO the count of some benefits. You they viewed scholar- and this was the first work of Giuseppe, Giuseppe Verity. To do so in a kick off a very long time. For him and many years of day views by the composer at the famed MILAN Opera House and in fact

Verde is usually the most famous composer associated with the scholar everyone sort of recognizes his name, even if they couldn't maybe pull one of his tunes out of their memory. Verity endless Scala became deeply, thanks to a degree beyond that of any other composer. While work on his first opera, he lost his infant daughter and the second baby that he had with his life. A sun died roughly a year after the debate you of a bear to it said that when verities wife died, while he was working on his second opera and the work in your no direct, no or king for a day was not well received, it was the manager of a skull at the time who urged him to continue composing

and to find solace in his work instead of quitting which he had threatened to do. Yes, so in that regard, Bartolomeo merrily, who was the them? The manager of the theatre, time really kind of saved the creative life poverty. An impact at him in a sort of reciprocal awaited the way that many of these composers were impacting the opera house, because it quit are, we had been robbed some beautiful stuff and, while that second opera Jonah deeply no or king free day didn't go so well. His third work that he did after that now Bhutto debuted in eighteen. Forty two- and this is really like the moment where he sort of rocketed to start em, and that may sound like a weird phrase that I mean that this point, particularly in ITALY, in Europe in general, but ITALY, especially composers, were kindly rockstar swimming. They were basically the celebrities of the day and so his career really just

kind of shot on almost vertical trajectory. At this point and as a consequence, his career with Le Scala lasted more than fifty years. He did retire for a little bit in the towards the end of it He ended up work in the last couple of pieces of collaboration with another composer, but he soon became famous and unstayed famous for decades. Working with Scala, perhaps as most famous opera, which was the tale of enslaved ethiopian princess Aida, was rare in that it didn't Premier ATLAS Scala. It was first presented at the Cairo Opera House in eighteen. Seventy one and then Premier de LA scholars, shortly afterward yeah, there's a story that he did. Attend. The Cairo opera House, Premier But what he heard about how it had gone did not really delight him. It was mostly dignitaries and invite only in kind of higher echelons of society, and he really, you know, appreciated that opera was one.

Things that could be appreciated by anyone, and so he really certain consider the Le Scala Premier, the premier, because there were people from all layers of society, not only their me sort of wealthy and famous and privileged among the famous pieces that Verde did did you at least During his fifty year run. There were Giovanni dont go Othello and Falstaff, which is the last one, and he wrote more than two dozen operas during his career. So when you think about a fifty year career, that's an opera every couple of years, which is really quite busy I can't I suddenly came about doing it, but that would be like an author reading, a book every two years which some deal but very few keep up. The pace often mentioned a second only to very among its Halligan composers pertaining emerged, as the composer celeb was Scala of the eighty hundreds were ending, but he is responsible for one of the most famous, if not the most pro

incidents at the theatre in December of nineteen o four Giacomo Porcine did. You'd, Madame a butterfly, although the Opening night was really something of a fiasco and the word fiasco gets used almost every time. Someone writes about this particular event is right, famous tail among opera enthusiasts and opera fans, because it's just so crazy am Albertini was brimming with care but in regarding the quality of this particular work. The production itself was pleased with problems, as the upper was only recently completed when patina arrived in MILAN for rehearsals, the fingers got their parts. Only a few is that a time on top of that music was not allowed to leave the theatre and the press was not allowed to sit on rehearsals, which was a privilege they had enjoyed for a long time. This only serves to make critics angry and predisposed to dislike the peace

and while the crowd on opening night, according to at least some witnesses, was hostile from the Gatt go. The entrance of butterfly is really when things herded did just go south in a hurry and remember that opera, huge in ITALY at the time, crowds very fond you're with the work of famous composers and so a portion of the melody that she sang sounded to some people similar to an element from proteins. Previous work, Lobo EM and some members of the crew started to call out what they thought was lazy, composing and they started yelling during the performance. Boy am boy I am these. They returned a point out that he was sort of plagiarized himself. At this point, the crowd became polarize between supporters, industry and detractors and it and he started yelling at each other in the stage. So much that no one can

singing and during the Intermezzo, when performers had been placed around the theatre with bird whistles. To create this realistic, sound scape of dawn breaking, there is in the audience, saw. Disburd song is their cue to make other animal noises, so they you know, started, do all kinds of other bizarre and rude noises, and just basically kind of having their own little heyday with things and the entire opera went on this way within the crowd, basically bent on ruining the d in there's some debate over sort of what really cause the sort of rabble rousing there are. Sorry to say that the rivals sort of we're working prior to this debut really train a lake jab at the critics and point out how poorly they

and treated in not being allowed into rehearsals unkind of stirring the pot, but others too sailing there. There was just this general sense of distrust of the whole thing in part because of that, and because nobody had heard the music. This was again a time when it was so popular that sheet music would be sold kinder to the job public to consume. Much the same way, you would, by an album of the band that you are going to see before the concert happened, and none of that was allowed, since the music have been held so tightly so was kind of justice perfect storm of people being grumpy of beheld. The privy here of Madame a butterfly, I feel like it's like spider man unlock the dark up to the best of my knowledge, no died in terrible stunts. Now they are to be guided by demand, but there were some injuries rate, so the reviews were terrible, but porcine always thought that butterfly with his best work and when he states that the fund

year and the northern italian city of Brescia people created it much more warmly, it's really come to be recognised as the amazing work that it is a sort of transcended that horrible opening any even despite the butterfly incident, it was really much loved by ITALY and when he died from him later in eighteen, twenty four, while he was working on his final opera touring DOE, the entire country really morn suddenly been described this as a morning that went on for a couple of years. They really felt the loss of this artist, so we ve talked a lot about composers up to this point, but there have been other figures. You had a significant impact on the debate. And direction of Le Scala. Through the years, Arturo Toscanini was appointed artistic director of Moscow in eighteen. Ninety eight, so as universities that was wrapping up and proceeding was coming in,

Toscanini was renown as a conductor. He said to have stepped in, to conduct the performance of I eat at the Rio De Janeiro Opera House. As a last minute fill in. When he was only nineteen and he performed the entire Opera from memory me and a wonderful memory that early, served him very well as he got older because he lost his eyesight. Enhanced are conducting exclusively from memory, but in terms of his, leadership role. It left scour. He completely organize the entire structure of the theatre. Both from an artistic in an administrative perspectives,

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users and his interpretations, a reinvigorated alot of pieces for the public ear, you said to have been able to pull the finest playing from the orchestra. He also brought the performance of symphonic works until a scholars performance calendar which allowed the orchestra to be the star instead of the singers yes similar to how you knew the choreographers had kind of expanded LE scholars repertoire to include ballet. He really expanded it by not only seeking offers, but also just huge symphonies and then, in more recent years, LE scholar has had some off stage drama to contend with at the end of two thousand one, the theatre concluded its run of Othello and it temporarily closed its doors for a poor. Eighty six.

We can't renovation so from two thousand to January two thousand and two to late. Two thousand for this major construction project was under way and there were really a lot of fierce among Italians Even worldwide, among people that were just huge fans and recognise the historic and important nature was scholar. That modernizing this facility was going to destroy some of the buildings heritage. Despite the concerns this entirely rebuilt stage, let the theatre perform three different shows in a single day, and the sound quality of the venue was improved when the heavy hallway carpets were taken away. Feeding capacity was expanded to two thousand one hundred five seats from one thousand eight hundred and during the restoration a while they were fireplace, was found in one of the boxes along the second level.

The boxes which used to be privately owned were all refurbished, yet they tried to even though they were modernizing a lot of stuff. They did sort of some complete kind of historical restoration taped to correct some of the boxes. In December, festive two thousand for the New York Times reported that Le Scala had opened exactly on time, just a little bit over budget and with fantastic new acoustics. So this all sounded great. This is the iter opened with the staging of the same opera, which had run when it first opened its doors in seventeen. Seventy eight Sally areas, Roper, reconsider and tickets for this performance, ran into the

thousands of dollars range people were very excited to be part of this new reopening. By just a year later, the BBC ran a story that seem to suggest a gloomy future for the opera house. Budgets for the arts in ITALY were being splashed endless. Valets future really didn't seem all that secure and the month preceding that article, the head of the theatre had been fired and the can, after fifteen years, Ricardo Meeting quit yeah look. There was a while, where there was a lot of head shaking in no sort of glory. Some people really thinking that LE scholar had finally been you know after two hundred years kind of run into the ground, but in fact thankfully, the theatre, his weather, the storm, Ino Threesome, some strong leadership and some really devoted staff. It's been able to kind of get through those rough times and put together

business plan, that's kept going it's about to have a plan change of leadership this year this coming October, I once too fond listener who has been there for a while is gonna leave his position, he's going to the Paris opera and Alexander Pereira is gonna. Take over the position he comes from, I believe, an opera house in Germany, in addition to its the ethical upper productions, let's go are also still houses, its ballet company, a ballet school and a voice school, while the theatre still does get a government subsidies. The operating costs are also covered by Tipp ticket sales and municipal tax. Sad is still, thankfully, going strong and it's one of the things I wanted to cover, because it is the the artist that were sort of supported by this together. Were I've been so impact fallen.

Thank you, said there are so many songs that you hear that you don't even realize her by composers that came out of Le Scala, so it's important stuff. Do you also have listener? May I do have a couple pieces of listener meal well, in his former listener Devon, and she was writing- is about. In response to our battle, where Mountain episode Bitches actually rating, as in response to the listener mail- and she says you both mentioned owning some very old- sewing machines and said that relatively little maintenance is required to keep the happy as wondering if either of you could suggest any resources for light maintenance on vintage or antique machines. I have a deluxe precision sewing machine, a clone of the singer. Fifteen may impose forward to Japan and I'm having trouble with that

four thread tension and have yet to find any useful advice. It runs beautifully otherwise and was acquired cheaply, and my understanding is that many many of these machines were made under all kinds of brands, including Macy's and Sears. Minus branded, simply domestic, which I find very amusing, and I would like to be able to you more I would suggest, whereas you are at doing in our four sewing machine service and I would actually shop round make sure you find somebody that is familiar with. He's your exactly right. There are many clones that were made as we talked about in our sewing machine patent episode. Once the combination patent had happened. There were a lot of companies. There were sort of licensing making different pieces evident even making whole machines. They were kind of duplicate to some of these.

Sometimes you get very lucky in you'll, find a sewing machine service man who will do house calls, which is handy when you have one of these bigger older machines. I used havoc here in Atlanta, who was amazing and he withdrew fifteen bucks for any number of machines that your house lakeside like I have these, for they all need some work and it would be the sixty dollars service call in everything worked perfectly when he left and then he retired- and I cried, but that's the scoop. I would look for it. Service person in your area, even though its probably something you do yourself if you're pretty crafty or a new kind of mechanically minded listening. That old. I always like to get a pro involve first, so they can catch me through had a meeting going forward mine. We now need to new belt so that this group, the other one, is from our listener. Catherine, and she sent a selling to an article. I just absolutely love. She's is highly entreaty. I ran in quotes across this article, see what I did. There

about what you might be thought that you might be interested. I believe at least one of you mentioned that you are a runner, maybe I am Tracy has been and how much is running lately, but Molly you have run a half move on together. So in any case, looks like transplants afflicted humans long before the current running Creese, if only they ve been fitted properly for a pair of running shoes and she went to this rate article which isn't runners world, but it is called a case of medieval shins, flints and basically There was an article in Acta orthopedic I, which is a orthopedics trade journal, and these researchers for the University of Athens School of Medicine had studied this skeleton that had been

peace and they found that it had medial, trivial stress syndrome, which we know more commonly. Ish insolence and researchers talk about kind of the the age of the gentlemen. He was between twenty and thirty years old when he died and they estimate his death on the timeline between five hundred and eight hundred years ago and even ocean splintered. Most me no believed to be thought of as exercised induced. Luckily, you know any the result of any kind of repetitive wait bearing activity. So this could have been. You know anything that involved repetitive loading of the lower leg, so it could have been like pushing a plough

The loading of the lower leg, so it could have been like pushing a plough, are doing some other sort of heavy farm work. But it's kind of a fascinating thing and well linked to this article cause. It is it's a short but really fun reed in it links to the idea that Acta orthopedic article, if you want more in depth medical stuff and then they make a Jeff Galloway joke, which, if you're a runner, you appreciate. If you would like to write to us, you can do so at history by gas that house overstock com. You can also connected on Twitter admitted history on Facebook at these butler COM, slashed history last stuff,

Mr history, that tumblr dot com at a pinch start com, Slash missed in history. If you would like to learn more about opera in general and another famous opera, how should go to our parent website, which has taken the word opera in the search bar and you'll, get how the metropolitan opera works? Settle these sort of an american counterpoint to what we talked about? The sort of the important things at the man has done throughout the years. You can also get the rest on our website wish list in history that he would like to just history it up with us or you search. Almost anything your heart can imagine how the bookstore com for more on this and thousands of other topics, Housetop works.

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