This episode is brought to you by mulatto cookies. Look sometimes that long, Zen yoga classes, just not in the cards, so maybe a cookie, is peppered farm. Olano believes you should make some time for you at once in a while. I I have a particular space in my sewing room that I like to just take a few minutes. Every day I sit there. I think about things, it's kind of like meditation and munching at the same time being it that yummy beautiful cookie flavour, it makes it luxurious and delightful and I always feel recharge. Mulatto cookies are truly a treat worthy of your me time, their delicate and crispy, with luxuriously rich chocolate in the middle. You really want to keep these just for you, so remember to save something for self, with peppered farm Olano, I'm Shane Bacon, joined by my good Friend Mass homer, and we are launching get a grip with maximum shame bake in a pot gas. It will give you a true look. What professional Gulf is all about?

but the most honest voices between the ropes that is. Seeing honesty. The journey will take you from wide a pebble, Augusta Asia and everywhere that allows max at tea time and a free players buffeting free food remains undefeated dinner. MAX Solomon, Kane Bacon from yours February. Third, you can listen and follow on the Iheart radio. App apple podcast ever. You listen, podcast feminist industry has that works and welcomed the magna I'm how we fried so. I've been through a lot a museum a lot of to be totally there have been in the United States and when that I found Pollyanna know if this is your experience as well, but

I met and exhibit, but is specifically about slavery or race. There's a lot of weird sleight of hand that goes on with slavery, absolutely museums. Dont want to turn off potential museum goers by engaging in a really difficult topic, sometimes get so. Yes, I've antics so tat, the American civil war that really focus on the battles and make almost no mention of the slaves that the war was pretty much fought over. There are descriptions of the horrors of slavery that are kind of weirdly compartmentalize. Does this thing that happened in the past, where we were much less enlightened and it doesn't really explore how having built a nation on that practice continues to affect people,

every raised today. It's it's kind of odd and I'm not society about the museums of United States. Most of the other museums that I have been to you are in the Caribbean and they also just let the focus away from the roles that these islands played in slavery and vice versa, and instead of two things like beautiful shorelines and birds and like shipwrecks. So this is not the case at the Saint Kitts, National Museum and bass. Tear Saint Kitts, the National Museum is an old treasury building, which was

we built in eighteen? Ninety four and it's easy walk from the crew sport, which is how I got there with so many other museum is theirs, is weird jet our mind track about? Does focusing your attention somewhere else, besides slavery, but is not how they do it at the Saint Kitts National Museum there it is more like have a seat. The culture of Saint Kitts comes from two places: the native peoples who used to live here an hour, waved african ancestors if literally the only time, I've been through a museum that was just like the National Museum, not like a museum that was devoted specifically just slavery or just the civil rights are just a race. About up front of an approach about it. So now We, even though I was there on vacation. I came away with things doc about on the show today, so we're just gonna jump right into that Saint Kitts, which is sometimes called

Christopher is part of the leeward islands, which is the northwest arm of the lesser Antilles in the Caribbean, see exactly which other islands are part of the leeward islands depends a little bit on who is drawing the map? What time period were talking about and whether there looking at things from a geological or a cultural and historical perspective, regardless Saint Kitts, nearest neighbor, is Nevis and Saint Kitts and Nevis together are one country as the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, and this is the smallest country in the western hemisphere and nevis- is actually tried to separate into its own country a couple of times and the smaller island of the two of them, if you're still having a hard time visualizing exactly where we're talking about Saint Kitts and Nevis, is east of Porter Ego and North of Venezuela think it has been in but it almost continually for about five thousand years that we now have when Christopher Columbus.

Cited the island on his second voyage and fourteen ninety three, its inhabitants, where the care of and the airlock people's unfortunate We don't really know much about either of these cultures as they existed on Saint kids. They were all killed through violence or disease or move. Other nearby islands, as Europeans, colonized think it's in the sixteen hundred. This is actually true of many other populations of the care of, and the airlock people's they did not fair at all. Well, as Europeans moved in Saint Kitts as a volcanic island, and that meant that the soil was very good for growing sugar once the rainforests was cleared away to make way for the sugar plantation, So, by the end of the seventeenth century, the sugar industry dominated the island and the overwhelming majority of the people living there were enslaved Africans, although both France and Britain colonizing

gets that eventually became british territory, and today's story is about what happened after the british Empire abolish slavery, which is what we're going to talk about after a brief break forward from a sponsor Hey partners. Listeners have you ever wanted to share a love story with someone, but you may be wanted to do it in a really unique in interesting way, or you were struggling to get the exact rate words in place. Will you don't know to worry about that. You can put it into a book, and that is where love book comes in love books, help customers express their sentiments that there working hard to make their own unique thing, and each book is completely cut. Miserable most customers use them to list the reasons why they love someone, but you can you all kinds of things Who can create characters? It look like yourself and the recipient, radon outfits and accessories. You can personalize each page as much want, but you also have the option of what they call the express option, which will create a complete book with just a few clicks

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look just like yourself in the person you're sending the book to you all the way down to outfits and accessories, and then you have the option to personalize every single page as much as you want, or if that sounds like a little too much. There's an express option that create the whole book in just a few clicks. Love book is the perfect gift for Valentine's day, which is hang up soon, but also a membership programme, we'll save immediately on your purchase today and also receive fifty percent off any future purchases. You can visit love book online dot com, slash I heart to receive special twenty percent discount only for our listeners. Once again, that is, love book online dot com, Slash Iheart, to receive a special twenty percent discount only for our listeners. Slavery was abolished in England in one seventy two in the british parliament passed the act some of the slave Trade ACT in eighteen, o seven, but while that

abolish the buying and selling of human beings. It didn't actually do anything people who are already of slaved elsewhere in the empire in August of eighteen, thirty, three after decades of activity by Britain's abolitionist movement as well as by slaves themselves, parliament passed, they slavery, abolition act, which was for which was going to free all slaves in the british empire. There were some exceptions, though, that included, for example, the territories in possession of the EAST envy accompany and most places this law was going to free all enslaved people over the age of six on August. First, eighteen, thirty, four: here's how the act starts quote whereas diverse persons are hold it in slavery within diverse and his majesty's colonies, and it is just an expedient that all such person should be manumitted and set free

that a reasonable compensation should be made to the persons hitherto entitled to the services of such slaves for the loss which they will incur by being deprived of their right to such services, and whereas it is also expedient, the provision should be made for promoting the industry and securing the good conduct of the persons to be monument it for a limited yet after such their manumission and whereas it is necessary the laws now in force. In the said several colonies should forthwith, be adapted to the new state and relations of society. Therein will follow upon such general manumission as aforesaid of the said slaves, and that, in order to afford the necessary time for such adaptation of the settlers, was a short interval should elapse before such manumission should take effect and then

to outline all the specific provisions in the act and how this is going to happen. So what that basically says is that slave should be set free and that slave owners should be compensated for the loss of their slave, There should be some kind of buffer in place of the people who rely on slave labour, didn't immediately lose or have to start paying their laborers. The rationale behind all this was, for the most part, the end is that relied on slavery and we're still using slave labour needed a lot of labour to continue running. So if suddenly, there were no more slaves that would be a hindrance on the continuation of history, so in other words, when we say the word abolished, it really goes in the airports there. Emancipate was not immediate. In most places, slaves had to continue to work for a settlement

time without pay before they could be freed. The british West Indies, enslaved people over the age of six were turned into apprentices and apprentices we'd have to work. Forty five hours per week for between four and six years earn their freedom that forty five hours a week for between four and six years was also without pay. Meanwhile, the plantation owners and the brute and the British West Indies and elsewhere were giving grants from the government as compensation for the loss of their slaves. The government actually earmarked twenty million pounds sterling for that purpose. Obviously there are a number of problems with the idea of quote freeing slaves by making them continue to work for free, although this tactic was really not the least bit unique to the british empire. But let's put that aside for just a second, because there were some other complications going on here as well.

Because they were not going to be paid for their forty five hours of work per week, apprentices would have to be extra work to make any money to support themselves or to try to prepare for a life as an actual free person. They need to Their higher themselves out as labour or grow crops to sell on a personal plot or make items that could be sold for money or some other way of making a living and that their time to do any of that started after their forty five hours per week of work in bed That's some plantations this forty five. Our schedule was dull, thou as nine hours a day for five days, so that people can go to the Saturday markets and sell the things that they made are grown in their spare time and then be able to go to church on Sunday.

But at other plantations it was to be six seven and a half hour days and only Sundays were given off. There were no provisions for how that sixty week would allow people to get to the market or buy or sell these things that they needed. There no provisions for the care or education of children under the age of six who were to be freed immediately. On top of all of that was this very basic issue of food enslaved people in the british, caribbean territory, were allotted a certain amount of food. It was effectively rations, but even before the abolition, of slavery. Many planters on theirs if owners had trouble affording the food that they needed to supply that amount of food, this was also a spy really true after the price of sugar plummeted at the end of the napoleonic wars in eighteen fifteen. So there were some pretty serious doubt that plantation owners would be willing to, or even able to provide enough food for all of these apprentices and even if they were able to do so.

Those ration amounts really were enough to stay healthy, especial given how much manual labor was gonna, be involved for many of these slaves and back to that big ugly truth that we put aside just a minute ago, a man The painting people by require them to work for free for a bunch more years is not the same thing is actually emancipating them and the slave living on Saint Kitts understood that there was this huge, huge resistance, the idea that they were going to be quote free but still have to work for the same people in the same jobs without earning anything, was obvious that this whole apprentice, the situation was bogus and according to the accounts of a number of missionaries in Saint Kitts at the time, the slaves were also really pretty justifiably suspicious of the idea that if they only worked without pay for several years, they would afterwards we free forever.

In the words of Wesleyan Missionary James Cox, quote all my attempts to show that the apprenticeship was apart payment for absolute unconditional freedom or, in some cases unsatisfactory. I am fully persuaded, therefore, that had that had the term slavery been retained with the modification of the present system, it would have been productive of far less confusion almost as soon as word reached the island of exactly when and how the so called emancipation was going to come slave on play, I don't think it's started to resist and their first tactic was basically to slow down their production. That initial slowdown was kind of temporary, though the lieutenant governor, Of the island stand Nixon commanded, the patient owners, afterward or their quote. Good management and getting production back on course quote without coercion

White abolition is something kick started, advocating resistance in the hope that true emancipation might come earlier. There was some precedent here after close vote on the nearby island of Antigua so close. In fact, the deciding vote was cast by the speaker of the house. All of the slaves there were freed immediately, but abolition, as were by far not the only people encouraging these enslaved people to resist at this point about seven percent. The population on Saint Kitts were white, but eleven percent were cast classified as free colored. Some of the most prominent of the free people of color started to vocally an advocate for the abolition of slavery. Now not after four or six years of so called apprenticeship. One of these was Ralph Cleghorn, who owned a store, and he was so vocal uneasy.

Planters actually started forbidding their employees to shop there and at some point along the line, people got the idea that he was going to England to pick up papers from the king that we're going to declare all of the inflamed persons on think it's to be free. And while this trip really was because he was hoping to be appointed Provost Marshal of Saint Kitts, the fact that people thought there was a different purpose to his visit continued to increase the tensions between the slaves. The government Planters who own slaves this also lets. You were rumour that the king really had freed all the slaves, but that the planters of Saint Kitts specifically we're just withholding their freedom.

In addition to all of that, there were several prominent slaveowners on think it's who did decide to go ahead and emancipate their own slaves totally before the law went into effect of all these things together, really stokes the fires of resistance among the enslaved population as the August First eighteen, thirty four date for emancipate and drew closer. It was clear to everyone involved that the enslaved people of Saint Kitts, we're not going to peacefully go from being slaves to being so called apprentices who were then required to work for free perhaps the last straw, was when the lieutenant governor suggested that even if they were freed without being apprenticed first, the former slaves of Saint KIT would still be compelled to work thanks to other clauses of the law. In fact about exactly what happened when the August first day arrived after. Another brief word from a sponsor

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So as the date of emancipation arrived on Saint Kitts on the last day of July, so the last day they were technically still slaves. The slaves who did fieldwork on about a dozen of Saint Kitts is largest sugar plantations, dropped their tools near the homes of the plantation managers and then walked away. The ones who worked with livestock stopped their duties. A couple of days later on Saturday August. The second, although not all the plantations were involved there. More than one hundred operations of various sizes on island, for the ones that were Virtually all of the apprentices stopped their work and on many this wasn't just a work stop. It was also a full protest. In the words, William Wilson quote on the five or six large There is not a single apprentice at work, Grange would leave and bore. Are very obstinate on these states. There are nearly eight hundred people and all in a riotous way too.

Again quote Westley and Missionary James Cox Quote: they only wanted perfect personal liberty and wages and preposterously hoped that they may be obtained by passive disobedience and However, in the plantations that no longer had a workforce, enters and managers tried to figure out what to do. The sugar harvest was done for the season, and it was time for the fields to be prepared for the next season. So taking care of the animals was a much bigger concern. These are working animals in the sugar industry was going to suffer if these beasts of burdens or died of thirst, some They resorted to letting their cattle Greece on sugar plot spots and sugar cane is a perennial grass doing this pretty much destroyed. That plot for the following seasons, harvest

August forth, the governor announced that martial law was going to be declared if the apprentices did not return to their posts by the six. So two days later, in the meantime, ringleaders of the strike were found and they were publicly last as both the punishment and a threat to the people who had walked off of the plantations, but for about the next three weeks, Most of the striking apprentices did not go back to work. They hid in the remaining rain forests on the slopes, amount, misery which is Criss crossed by ravines, and these made for really good hiding places. Fellow found and joined up with a man known as markets. King of the woods he was a you had run away some years before and who. Living in the woods. For several years before the emancipation became began, he became kind of a folk hero and thank you As a side note, this is actually not the first time of Mount. Misery no knows now known as lie, and weaker was the site

rising in In thirty nine slaves fled their and established a camp from which to conduct raids on the plantations. The governor of Saint Kitts gather, five hundred armed men and went into the woods to put down the rebellion. That was an extremely bloody event with many of the slaves killed in the fighting and others drawn and quartered once it was over It was also the first documented slave rebellion in the eastern Caribbean, fail to get back to eighteen, thirty, four to try and get the apprentices back to work. The government brought in troops burned the apprentices huts as punishment lashed people and formed a skirmish lion to work, work their way, through the woods to look for runaways, and it was really all of those threats combined that encourage a lot of those who had joined the strike to eventually go back to the plan.

Asians martial law was ended on Monday August Eighteenth with an amnesty for anyone who had not been sentenced for any crime related to the revolt there weren't any casualties reported with this revolt. However, sixteen of the protesters were tried for submission and mutiny, as well as inciting a rebellion. Five of them were banished to Bermuda and six of them were lashed. Some of them were also jailed and the Five were apparently not punished. The apprentices of Saint Kitts were freed for real in eighteen, thirty, eight after four years of this working as apprentices with no pay and afterwards, for the most part, the people in Saint Kitts doing the same work as they were doing before. But this time for pay either in money or in kind compensation like housing and food. The sugar industry containing

to be the major industry on the island until two thousand and five, and at that point, beach, sugar grown in Europe had become cheaper than cane sugar, grown in the caribbean and increasingly processed foods. Reason, corn, syrups than others. Nurse instead of sugar, so the sugar industry in Saint Kitts by that point, couldn't make ends meet anymore. Although the government of Saint Kitts took a number of steps to try to diversify its economy in the face of shutting down this major industry, more than four percent of the population lost their jobs simultaneously. The last crop of sugar cane came in on July, first, two thousand and five and after that point the government shut down the whole industry. A train that was built in the nineteen twenties try to bring more efficiently Sugar production is still the air, and now it's a tourist attraction, but actually started two years before the sugar industry was shut down. Now

agriculture, tourism and manufacturing, or the major industries on Saint Kitts. Unemployment of this recording on Saint Kitts is six point three percent. However, nearly twenty four percent of the population actually live in poverty. I have trouble finding lately exact numbers of how that shutting down The sugar industry affected the unemployment rate. I am under the impression that it basically jumped from five percent to nine percent and then over the last decade since then has dropped back down closer to where it was before. The sugar industry was shut down forever and Saint Kitts go to the museum. It's a pre autumn. Do you, my dear, have a bit of listener? Reawaken listened. He was well why you

I view this is from a listener who signed his email as Mr Hernandez. So that's how I am going to refer to him with Mr Hernandez and Mr Hernandez Rights, their holly and tracing. Thank you so much for doing a pod cast on park, mills and special education. It was also the whole episode it very close to home. For me, I am a hispanic man working in special education for young children with moderate, too severe autism and behavioral issues for a large low income school district, and you too brought up some points that I just want to talk about. From my perspective as an educator. First, I wanted to thank Tracy's bomb for getting into it

special education teachers in adult education get too little credit for the vital impact but work. She must be a great person. I wanted to write about why I got into special education. Maybe it would inspire other people to get into the field originally. I wanted to be a general add upper grades teacher because I wanted to change the world, but I got a chance to work in a classroom pursued in former autism spectrum, and I was hooked. Everything about working in special education is a thing were encouraged to work creatively with innovative technologies and one on one with our students. All of my lessons are individual lives to meet citizens need, for they will have the most success and developing independence. They deserve no day, as ever, the same I've had opportunities to work in general, Ed classrooms, with students who need help with inclusion and miles a moderate classrooms for students who have learning disorders in classrooms were moderate, too severe. Students to give personal ought to give personalized attention to their own emerging voice and even in a home care.

For a child who needed help developing positive behaviors each have been rewarding in itself and fascinating, but I have found my calling in special education for young children with moderate, severe autism because it focuses on working with helping the children and their families to plus you see the greatest growth empowerment in a very short time. I love my job and sometimes I am treated differently because of what I look like I'm a big guy, six but three, and what my wife, fish affectionately, calls barrel tested. Almost everyone has wide eyed alarm when I get introduced as someone who works with small children, men usually domini other lines of work, but this is one job that is, as you pointed out, in a listener. Male overwhelm

we women I found in my personal experience. There are two main preconceptions that hold back men entering into preschool and lower grades teaching, one quote men, art nurturing. When I hear this, I feel disappointed that we have made so many strides strides equalize the sexes, but are still hung up on one out dated cultural norm, but men can't be nurturing because that would imply weakness as a feeling patient and protecting someone makes you week too. Men abuse this terrifying that we so readily stereotypes, something so awful and the reason I know many mail the caters, get quietly encouraged to work and upper grades are high school, where it is less divisive. Most decide to do just that. There's that are left are warned ominously, that, if someone even plot implies something inappropriate, our careers are over and reputations route,

I'm sorry, I had to bring to light harsh realities, but it is something that must be looked at with a critical eye. We can better gender equality and help more qualified people enter into integral parts of education. It would be a detriment to our society if accomplished, people felt unwelcome to any job based on their race or gender. What is great is when I see these we'll get over there misconceptions parents feel relieved when they know more about me and feel comfortable to collaborate in their files needs and how we can address them best. A significant portion of people with autism are boys, and many of them grow up without fathers. It makes me so proud and apparent says they are happy. Their child sees me has more than a teacher, but a role model. I encourage any one who feels like they who feel like they like to see growth and work with people on a personal level to pursue a career and special education and any of its many forms each is essential and rewarding. Thank you again.

Where the informative podcast, Mr Fernandez. He asked you to have more detail on the struggles that lets you behave in any special education pathway. Everything that's that's Tracy's. Also research networks actually gets all the kudos. Now I'm thinking and pay Mr the name s writings, you asked, if you would like who s we're history by gap, but how that works, that common rules on Facebook at Facebook that harms lash miss than history under a twitter. It must history, our tumblr is missed in history DA tumbled out common are also uninterested, penrose dot com, Slash missed in history. We have spread shirt, store, administrators, Redford back and that has led to a research fund pieces.

Like that, you would like to learn more about what we talked about the date and time. So I went back to her figure in the search bar. That is how it works that calm you'll find how sugar works. You can also come to our website, which has just been history, dot com, and you will find an archive of Oliver have ever and shadowed by post cool stuff like that. So you can do all that and a whole lot more stuff works done or miss than his freedom. The more and thousands of other topic House have worked. I'm only subversion, man, Escargot, P Coralie, and this is the peak and Sebastian POD catches a show. Two guys

Hey, I'm comedian, P Coralie, and I will leave this. Comedy gold listen to the repeat, Sebastian Show on Iheart radio at Apple podcast wherever you eat. Your path availed now for my heart, a new series presented by T Mobile for business, the restless ones join me Jonathan Strickland, as I before the coming technological revolution would be restless business leaders who stand right on the cutting edge. They know is a better way to get things done, and they are ready, curious excited for the neck. Technological innovation to unlock their vision of the future in each episode, learn more from the restless ones themselves and dive deep into how the five g revolution could enable their teams to thrive. The restless, It is now available on Iheart radio up or wherever you listen to pod casts