By her Mars, the newest resort in the Bahamas, a short flight from the? U S, fifteen minutes from the airport for an easy family vacation kids will be entertained at the explorers kids club, while parents explore the casino golf course spot in over forty restaurants, pours enlarges kids under five eat. Free and select restaurants to book winter specials, including up to thirty five percent savings on your stay visit, Baja more Dotcom, that's Ba, H, H, M A are dot. Com My name is Sebastian man, Escargot cordiality, and this is the peak and Sebastian pod catches is a show two guys comedian, P Coralie, and I will leave this. Comedy Goal

I write? Pleasant repeated Sebastian Show Iheart Radio at Apple podcast wherever you eat your path will continue stuff. You missed in history class from house dot, com, hello and welcome the podcast. I'm Wilson We have another ring. What we frequently requested. Epithet lots and lots of people have asked us to talk about. The destruction of black was green.

ACT while three, with a nickname for Greenwood, which will eventually a suburb of alpha Uclaf, Boma, which was destroyed and erase riot and nineteen twenty one. So the name Blackwell Street makes it sound kind of like it was a business district. But Greenwood was really a vibrant neighbourhood of businesses and homes and schools. It even had its own hospital and race riot also makes it sounded. It was a fine instigated by people of more than one race, but while Greenwood destruction was definitely the product of racial tensions, the actual of a whole lot more. One sided, then, that this all happened during a period of extreme racial tension in the United States, race riots and lynchings and vigilante justice were really widespread and the tells the race for I was one of the deadliest an most.

Fucking events from this era, and yet a lot of people knew nothing about it until maybe twenty or thirty years ago, if it got brushed under the rug for a long time and to set the scene the economy have Tulsa Oklahoma, really boomed during the nineteen teens, thanks to the discovery of oil in the area and the population in area of Oklahoma grew very quickly, including an influx of african Americans, many of whom, leaving the deep south in the hope that they can build a life in a less press of environment and sir tells us. Population actually grew ten fold in the space of ten years. Also growing during this time, and also where crime and lawlessness a federal agent actually conducted an undercover investigation in April of nineteen, twenty one and found quote

bowling bootlegging in prostitution. Very much in evidence at the leading hotels in roominghouse as the bellhops importers or pimping for women, and also selling views regarding VI. Nations of the law, prostitutes and pimps solicit without any fear of the police, as they invariably remind you that you are safe and these houses and that's where the quote ends, and in addition to that automobile fact was so common that insurance companies started just cancelling all their policies Elsa and, at the same time, the suburb of Greenwood rules really flourishing by nineteen twenty one. There were about ten thousand african Americans living in the Tulsa area and the vast majority of them really in Greenwood. They fell all along the economic spectrum, so you had everyone from doctors and investors worth hundreds of thousands of dollars to families there

living in extremely modest homes along dirt, roads Greenwood itself was simultaneously the product of segregation and of black entrepreneurship, o w girly and Davy Stratford were two prominent african american investors, who really get a lot of credit for making found what it was in. The early nineteen hundreds girly, who was a real real estate, developer, bosomed land, plotting real real estate, developer, bosomed land, plotted it out and then sold it to other African Americans Stratford built a fifty four room hotel that was also home to a restaurant, a banquet hall and other amenities as drivers. Hotel was one of the largest black own business. Businesses became the thieves of a really robust community that was also deeply segregated from the rest of Tulsa it in a way and a lot of ways was really self sufficient and had two newspapers, the Tulsa STAR in the Oklahoma son. It also had its own

very branch, schools, a hospital, theatres and lots of small businesses that were owned and operated by the black community. There are also many many churches. But most of its residents, while they were living in conducting almost all their business in Greenwood, worked for white employers elsewhere in the city, and this was the case for a man important to our story by the name of Dick Roland dick Roland with a young black man who worked in downtown building shining shoes restrooms at this point, we're segregated and his workplace didn't have a black, a bathroom for black bull, so his employer had arranged for him to use one that was on the top floor of the nearby dreadful building. Farrah page was a young white woman who ran the dreadful buildings elevator an incident passed between Rollin page on May thirtieth of nineteen twenty one. Exactly. What have

is completely unclear. Her story changed at various points in there seems to be no. Testimony on record of Dick Rowlands, however, Work and clothing store in the dreadful building thought he heard a scream and he saw Dick Roland hurrying out of the building and he called the police. The story that spread through Tulsa was the Dick Rowan. He had either raped or tried to rape there, a page in broad daylight in elevator rollin, was arrested the next morning and held on the top floor of the tells the court house. The tells the Tribune, which was an afternoon paper, covered his arrest on the thirty first and reported his crime as a physical attack, quote scratching her hands and faith and tearing her clothes. The paper also reportedly published an editorial calling for Roland to be lynched

However, no original copies of these articles exist. There are pieces torn out of the bound copies of the paper that were kept on record. The text of the story, reporting Rowlands arrest, is reprinted from a nineteen, for six masters thesis here. There are multiple. I witnessed testimonies of people who you saw these articles in the newspaper, but the actual copies of the notes of the newspaper no longer exist before we talk about how this turn the the scene at the court house to one of a mob. Seen let's take a brief moment, A word from a sponsor here's, the thing saving money with Geico was almost better than playing pick up: basketball is always that guy who joined your game, he never passes the rock. He instantly bricks theories and who can We have you and then put his hands up and say no foul, no foul, with Geico its ease the switch and save on car insurance, known

The vacant fake, an ankle sprain because you're absolutely exhausted. So which in save with Geiger it's almost better than sports. This episode stuff you missed in history, glasses brought you buy Norton three sixty with lifelong. Let's just say your shopping online with your smartphone. I do it all the time they sure feels like your personal info is right there in your hand, but that's not all the case, because as soon as you hit submit, your personal formation could start going other places. In fact, when you shop, bank or browse online, your personal info can get out of your control, which can leave you vulnerable to cyber criminals. More threats demand more protection. That's Norton and Lifelong are now part of one company Norton, three, six he would. Lifelong is an all in one membership for your cyber safety that gives you device security, identity theft, protection and of e for online privacy, no one and prevent all cyber crime and identity theft, but Norton three sixty with life lock, is your ally in today's connected world, because your it oh is out there sign up, for

three sixty with lifelong today and save twenty five percent or more of your first year go to Norton Dotcom, slash history, that's Norton, Dotcom, Slash hissed. For twenty five percent off by seven thirty in the evening on May the thirty first, a Lynch MOB had started to gather outside the Tulsa courthouse and the mob was demanding that Roland be turned over to them. The sheriff refused to do this and word spread to the Greenwood District about what was going on. People were positive. That role and was going to be, There have been thirty three recorded lynchings in Oklahoma between the time it had been declared his estate in nineteen o, seven and nineteen twenty and twenty seven of the victims of those lynchings. Black. They also had ample reason to doubt that the court House was a secure place to keep Roland safe. There had been a couple of

Less dramatic fail breaks from the court house in the months leading up to this event, and the black community was quite positive, that, as they did not protect Roland, no one would and that he was going to be Lynn. So with all of that in mind about twenty five african american residents, many of whom were veterans of road where one armed themselves and went from Greenwood to the courthouse to offer their assistance in defending him. The sheriff refused and insisted that Roland with safe, and so the men went back to Greece when, however, the arrival of twenty five armed black men on the scene really stirred up a lot of fear and anger among the White MOB outside the courthouse word got two major James ABLE the National Guard that things are starting to look really ugly we know the sheriff told him. Things were. Ok. He quietly sent word to the other national guardsmen in the area to come down to the armory. This was fortunate because some of them off from the court house then went to the armoury

try to get rifles and ammunition for themselves and they were stopped by that No guard members that major Bell had summoned tensions continued to grow for another couple of hours, the crowded the courthouse got, bigger and bigger small groups of Greenwood resident started patrolling the street armed both as recon and to try to show the Greenwood was not entirely defenceless and the white community began to fear that an uprising was imminent. Soon. Rumour reared its head again Adam Ten p m were got back to Greenwood that a lunch mob was breaking into the courthouse, and so this time it was about seventy I've armed african american men, who made their way there to once again offer their aid. Keeping rollin safe. So again the sheriff refused their help and as they turned to go back to Greenwood

One of the white men tried to disarm one of the black man and in the ensuing scuffle a shot was fired. It was this spark that started the riot in earnest. More shots were fired in front of the court house with as many as a dozen people being killed there and as the dust settled, the black men who were vastly outnumbered began falling back to Greenwood in a fighting retreat with the white mob. In pursuit once the men were back in Greenwood, things continued to get worse, car loads of white men started driving through black neighborhoods, just shooting indiscriminately into houses and people on the street white vigilantes also broke into downtown Tulsa sporting goods stores to steal guns and ammunition. Others went to some of the white neighborhoods all night cafes.

Started a plan to invade Greenwood the next morning. The law enforcement action at this point and tells her was to begin deputizing people, including members of the original Lynch MOB. Soon the National Guard was, but to a local authorities, they did this by setting up Perimeter around the northern edge of tolls, his white neighbourhood, to defended against a counter attack, a counter attack which never actually happened. People started setting fires in Greenwood at about one a m and then the mob prevented the fire department for trying to put the fires out, so the fire spread really rapidly throughout the night, but the NASH art and local law enforcement wound up responding to false reports of shots fired by black people in white neighborhoods. All over tools.

And they were doing this rather than responding to the real reports of violence and arson that were going on in Greenwood at one thirty, six, a m, the chief of police, sent a telegram to the state capital which read race riot developed here. Several killed, unable handle situation, request that National Guard forces be sent by special train situation. Serious this telegram was signed by the chief of police, the sheriff and a district adds. A train was scheduled to leave Oklahoma City bound for Tulsa at five p m that morning carry about one hundred additional national guard troops. During the night a lot of Greenwood residents stayed behind to try to defend their homes and businesses, but many others lead. They took cards, taxis and other transportation, nor out of the city, Greenwood was on the northern side of tells us of this method. They didn't have to go back through, tells them to try to get away.

People were able to take refuge with their employers or other compassionate citizens on the Tulsa side of town. But, alas, People were really left mostly defenceless. Before the sun came up on June. First, an armed mob had gathered around the fringes of green. Some of them were carrying weapons that had been provided to them by public officials, in addition to the deputies, members of the Lynch MOB. Some of this crowd were uniformed police officers and members of the National Guard there also multiple eye: witness reports of aeroplanes in the skies over Greenwood as the riot went on, although exactly what was done from aeroplanes of a little harder to substantiate. There are reports that bombs are dropped that there's not clear evidence to support that. It's pretty likely that there were definitely people firing their guns from there

Planes, though the train carrying the additional National guard troops got two Tulsa around nine fifteen. A m these out of town troops became known as the state troops, and this helps differentiate. From the local national guard. There were part of the rioting, but by that point, most Greenwood had already been burned to the ground. Martial law was declared at all twenty nine a m wondering first, although by then the riot had really mostly run its course. Once martial law was declared, the state troops moved through Greenwood, putting out five Is this arming the rioters who were still there and forcing them to go back to tat? Sir order was restored around eight p m on June. First, the state troops also took custody of african Americans who had been imprisoned by vigilantes during the riot, but this was not exactly a rescue. The state troops took every black person. They could find into custody in a mass arrest. People who had fled this

you were detained when they returned. It was supposedly for people's own protection, but a clear part of the motivation was the white communities ongoing fear of a black uprising in the end about six thousand african Americans were held at the convention. How and when they ran out of room there at the fair grounds and the ball field. Some black citizens were held for more than a week. No one was released until a white person could vouch for them and also take responsibility for their future behaviour. So before we talk about the aftermath of this riot, Let's take another brief moment for a word from a sponsor about homer, is the newest resort destination in the Bahamas, comprises three ocean front hotels. We in Height less in rosewood, the resort sits at the heart of beautiful, cable beach, it's a short flight from the. U S, and just fifteen minutes from the airport, making it an incredibly easy family, getaway anytime, you there's something.

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They are dot com. This episode of stuff you missed in history class is brought to you by W W, formerly wait. Watchers they have launched a new might be to be programme as their most groundbreaking and customize programme. Ever I joined Debbie W because I was really looking for something that was going to help encourage me to make healthier eating choices. They have really done that when you joined them W W program, you will take a personal assessment. It asked questions about your eating habits and your behaviour is not scientifically matches you up with which planets

to be the best for you, I'm on the blue plan, and it has made such a big difference or me in terms of encouraging means, eat healthy foods, join W W, formerly wait. Watchers unlock your customize weight loss plan that can make losing weight easier for you had gone over to Debbie Debbie dot com, that's w w dot com to joint Debbie Debbie today, with a limited time offer so in this riot, Greenwood was virtually destroyed. Thirty five city blocks were burned to the ground and at least eight hundred people sustained injuries that had to be treated. One thousand two hundred fifty six homes were destroyed, plus the hospital, the library some of the school and both of the newspapers offices. A couple of weeks after the riot, the nation reported that the damages totalled one point: five million dollars, although more recent estimates are multiple times higher than that,

from the Tulsa Daily world. The next day is this quote: personal belongings and household goods had been removed. Many homes and piled in the streets on the steps of a few houses that remain sat, feeble And gray negro men and women, and occasionally a small child, the look in their eyes was one of dejection and supplication. Judging from their attitude, it was not of material consequence to them whether they lived or died harmless themselves. They apparently could not conceive the brutality and fiendish nests of men who would deliberately set fire to the homes of their friends and neighbors and justice deliberately shoot them in their tracks. Doktor Robert Bridgewater in his wife, Mattie or two of the fortunate few to have had their homes spared by the fire, but they

You it's a fine, but their possessions had all been destroyed. Doktor Bridgewater wrote quote: I found my piano and all of my elegant furniture piled in the street. My faith had been broken open. All of my money stolen. Also, my silverware cut glass, all of the family clay and everything of value had been removed. Even my family Bible, my electric light pictures were broke in all of the window, lights and glass and the doors were broken. The floors were covered literally speaking with glass. Even the phone was torn from the wall and there is actually a photo. That's part of the historical record of this event, and it shows massive columns of smoke. Rising Greenwood District written across it. An misspelled is running the Negro out of Tulsa a photo of the charter of one of the victims was also used as a postcard at the time official estimates, but the death toll at nine white people and twenty six

people, but pretty much immediately. Everyone knew that there's numbers were away too low Who really know the official number, because birth records at the time are incomplete and many of the African Americans who were killed were buried an unmarked mass graves or third into the Arkansas River? funeral home records report burials of many people identified. Only ass quote unknown negro in the days after the riot. More recent investigation suggest that more like three hundred people work. With the overwhelming majority of them being African American and the riot forced most have tosses african american population into homelessness. The city and its residents made things hard on those who lost their homes and the hopes of forcing people to resettle elsewhere. They even passed a fire ordinance. Civically designed to keep people from rebuilding, although it was overturned, is unconstitutional about four years later, even so, Tellson black community set to work, rabies,

Greenwood, but it was a slow process. So many of them spent the file winter living in tents, with the exception of the Red Cross and white residents of surrounding communities, the black community got very little help in its rebuilding efforts. The city of tells them, as we mentioned, actively discourage the rebuilding effort. On the legal end of things, Dick Rural lives charges were ultimately dismissed, a grand jury convened to investigate what had happened and they found the practices. Population responsible for the riot about seventy black men were charged with inciting the riot, although none of them were ultimately convicted. Jamie Stratford was one he flew

oh go home for Illinois, eventually building a law practice in Chicago. He died in nineteen, thirty, five and ninety ninety six. Following his family's fight to clear his name, he was finally cleared of all charges. No white person was ever tried or any of the murders or arsons that take place or with any other. When a lack associated with the riot immediately after the riot. The event was international news in the weeks that followed papers across the: U S, publish scathing it Orioles condemning what had happened. Journalist called at both a disgrace and horror, but then it really fell from view for pretty much everyone who did not directly live through it history books that were published in Oklahoma made no mention of it for more than twenty years, and even then it was very brief and glossed over. People began to investigate and write about this riot following the civil rights movement Although the first people to blaze, this trail were really met with threats of violence.

Eventually and ninety ninety seven, the state of Oklahoma, formed a commission that was meant to investigate what had happened and to create clear documentation of the riot. The commission was also to make a recommendation of whether writ reparations should be paid to the survivors and their descendants calls for reparations had actually, started almost immediately after the riot was over in nineteen twenty one June. Oil, J, Martin, who had been the mayor, said quote: Tulsa can only redeem herself from country, wide, shame and humiliation into which is today plunged by complete restitution and rehabilitation of the destroyed black belt. The rest of the United States must know that the real citizenship of Tulsa weeps at this unspeakable crime and will make good the damage so far as it can be done to the last penny. The report of the Oak Homer Commission to study the tells the race Riot of nineteen twenty one called the event quote.

It's a big, acknowledged and still to be repaired, and the commission's report argued really strongly in favour of reparations, including direct reparations paid to the survivors who were still living and their descendants. At this point, though, many of the people who have lived through the riot had died when the commission put out its final report. The riot was almost eighty years in the past, but still alive where the children and grandchildren of the people who had survived the riot of some people who had been killed. The state legislature establish scholarships a memorial and an economic development initiative for Greenwood, but it declined to make actual reparations to survivors and their descendants at sort of Islam. Note. A lot of articles about the Tulsa race Riot and about the destruction of what was known as Black Wall Street say that the right was a result of clan activity and while the coup Klux plan had been re established in Atlanta,

Nineteen fifteen and it was definitely growing all around the United States. There is not really evidence to suggest that you close clan specifically with active, entails a or was part of the riot. However, one of the consequences or the ramifications after the riot was that the clan really started to flourish in Oklahoma once the riot was over, we ve had so many people request this particular subject and its one that, unsurprisingly, based on having learnt that it was, though conscientiously not discussed for so many years. That is one that I was not really familiar with before doing research on it. You and I have had several episodes where we had to stop recording because the material was upsetting and we needed to take a minute, and this is one where I had to stop researching, because the material was upsetting and I needed to take like a step away from mid year. It's it's hard

I mean it. I had to stop earlier earlier. Recording I know you and I have been talking about it. While you are researching new message me. One point we're like: I can't handle this right now, it's a lot to take in its hard to think about sort of the the mob mentality and how hurtful and sort of dispassionate these situations become, where people stop thinking about other people as people, and they just get in a mood of lake

Violence right, why there's also a lot of ongoing controversy about the idea of reparations and when a government should pay reparations and how long is too long- and this seems like a case where there was a really clear case or reparation argued really strongly in the commission's report, because it it wasn't just this happened- people's homes were destroyed. There is also the part where the people who were meant to be protecting the population were instead taking part in this violent activity. People's insurance claims were not able to be paid out because most insurance claims, dull or most insurance companies don't offer coverage in the case of civil unrest, which this counted as so, I think the thing of it shocked me most about it was in the face

I'd evidence. The final decision was still that that direct reparations would not be paid to the survivors and their descendants in Pepe. Your news: do you have mail for us the kind of end on a more of beet note I do and this in a way it is in a way. This is from France, IE and fancy says I'm not sure I can adequately describe how much. I am truly enjoy your podcast, and this is my favorite and makes my grilling. Can you actually quite enjoyable? in writing today, because I recently listen to your episode about the growth park in immediately park that when hearing Tracy mentioned her grandmother had spent time out of tuberculosis asylum in Black Mountain North Carolina, while I'm fairly certain There was only one tv asylum in black mountain, the towns, not that big and if so, then,

former asylum would eventually leaving converted into the grounds of a girl's summer camp here Merrimac, where I spent nearly every summer of my childhood. The big house, as we call the camps main building, was once the asylums primary facility. In my day it has the dining hall, the infirmary and the cats offices. Besides being a creepy name for a building in the South, Merrimac Big House. Still had some features of a four, medical facility, making it all the more eerie. I particularly remember the buzzer's along the walls as well as one night that I spent in the infirmary with a nasty cold. I felt the whole time like I was in some old war movie with the long hospital ward room lined by old fashioned metal framed beds, Merrimac Obligatory Camp GO story is rooted in its history. Is it colossus asylum- as I remember the story, is about a young woman named Myrtle, who was in love with the young man, but either her family or his are both were against the match, and so, although she wasn't fix them,

Hence, in family member had her internet that tuberculosis, asylum events Lucy was able to get word to her beloved and they plan on the grounds of the asylum wait one night and then alone together as a story goes, he waited for at the bottom of a stone. Staircase tat was built into the side of the mountain, that's their case, no idea when it was actually built this still part of the summer camp or was when I was there and was called the Myrtle stairs, so he was the bottom of the staircase- and she was at the top- or maybe it was other- went the other way around either way as murder.

Running down or up the stairs to greet her beloved. She tripped on the thirteenth step and fell the rest of the way breaking her neck and dying. Of course, metal is said to haunt the steps to this day. Furthermore, for some reason, maybe it's the supposed anniversary for death July Third was known to be Myrtle Day among the campers and sort of a Halloween type day when Myrtle Spirit with most powerful lots of pranks. The mischief would go on during the night of July. Third, as I remembered so that's the story of mortals ghosts and by random connection to the hosts of my favorite podcast five note. All of this makes me think that the history of american summer camps would be an interesting episode to do one day. No personally, I'm curious to know the history behind summer camp appropriated the names of american indian tribes and incorporating pseudo indian rituals and tradition into camp life. It's weird increase

and also fascinating to me thanks for your time Ladys and keep up the good work fancy. I wanted to read fancy Francis email for two reasons why I love the whole story about how the tuberculosis asylum was turned into a summer camp in part, because where I grew up, the Science museum used to be an insane asylum which made it a very weird place for them to have a haunted house at Halloween time who yeah who say that the most the main part of the sides with museum was actually like a newly built building, but the all the old asylum buildings were still there. The there is that Hollywood. I didn't episode in our previous by gas that was called pop stuff called. Let's go to camp in which we talk about the history of summer camp in the United States

we do talk a little bit about the appropriateness of names that happen in a lot of summer camps around the United States. Yes, that this story this tells us that letter makes me feel like it's the set up for a West Anderson film. It does kind of them like that. Yet I feel that way about a lot of fun stories. You would like to write to us about this or any other subject. You can write to us that history. I guess that half the works that are also on Facebook if they think that harm flash, miss the mystery and on twitter at this industry tunnel, is this administrative tumbled and we are also interests that pensioners that harms the mist in history. If you would like to learn a little more about what we talked about today, you can come to our bureau website which this house that works dot com. You can put the word riots into the fire and you will find how riots work and if you want, you can find shone out and all of our episodes at one giant archive you can come to our

history, dot, com for done more on this and thousands of other topics, Howstuffworks dot, This episode is brought to you by Maloney cookies. Look sometimes that long, Zen yoga classes just not in the cards, so maybe a cookie, is peppered farm. Olano believes you should make some time for yourself once in a while. I know I have a particular space in my sewing room that I like to just take a few minutes every day, sit there. I think about things, it's kind of like meditation and munching. At the same time, being it that yummy, Beautiful cookie flavour, it makes it luxurious and delightful and I always feel recharge, mulatto, cookies

are truly a treat worthy of your me time, their delicate and crispy, with luxuriously rich chocolate in the middle. You really want to keep these just for you so remember to save something for yourself with peppered farm Olano. You guys. The impeachment is happening. The president will be on trial, presided over by the chief justice of the Supreme Court and that's brilliant, while keep up with all the impeachment. Today, a daily podcast featuring me, hey brown world, these reporter and editor adversity news each morning, we'll talk to experts and other porters. To recap the most important news from trumped impeachment in a way that won't leave you dead inside by an impasse, Today, on the I heard, radio apple podcast or wherever you get, your pockets