When your hosting friends and family you wanna have a perfect appetizers, the perfect chocolate deserves and the perfect cocktail smirnoff is the perfect choice. Fear bars, you could enjoy your cocktails from the comfort of your own, cosy home and for us we're living in our new hope for the holidays, and we love to have our friends and neighbors over Forgave knights, and they can be pretty impromptu. So we need to be ready or it's perfect. When we have friends over to watch football on Sundays, it's a cocktail that everyone can enjoy. We have a small bottle on our bar cranberry in the fridge and were ready to go speedy peppermint twist tastes like the holidays. Peppermint grand spreads and its gluten free, the bottle, look specified on top of our bar and it is scratch and stiff its infused with a candid peppermint flavour and provides a cool, Menteith Finnish and did I mention its gluten. Free here is how you make a peppermint crane spritz one bottle of Sweden peppermint twist a half a bottle of cranberry juice. Eight

is orange le coeur top with club soda to taste and fresh cranberries for not so silent, knights to spin off, please it responsibly only share or those twenty. Let us welcome this. A few minutes and history class. The production of I hurt radios. How stuff works hello among upon cast I'm highly fry and I'm Tracy reopened If you listen, do her recent episode on the new harmony, utopian societies, human Recall, Billy reference to group of scientists and educators, it were recruited for the second of those communities there was make named load of knowledge and eyeing but able to stop thinking about the boat load of knowledge. So much so that even I have actually been working on research in writing for a completely different topic that I was planning to have a talk about this week. I moved over to reading about the boat loaders and then I was like. Oh so

now. It's just an episode about the boat load will go get back to that of one in and I'll have a head start on it, but I just you know sometimes the brain obsesses over a thing so for basic framing. Just in case you did not listen to the live. Show that I just referenced. When Rob Oh in founded his own, I community, in new harmony in eighteen, twenty five, and that was in Indiana. He wanted to have the best minds than he could find running the education system there and for bad. He recruited William Liqueur, who also gave a substantial financial contribution to the community and also in turn, brought many great minds with him and the boat that brought them to the community was named the boat load of knowledge will talk about how it got that nickname in its journey to new harmony was pretty fascinating, so today were kind of time out things in an maybe an odd order. We're gonna talk about

boat, load itself and its journey, and then we'll start talking about individual people, including getting into a little bit of detail. I'm a clearer and will name a few of the other intellectuals that were involved in this trip and in this project, although they won't get as much detail and then finally, we're gonna talk, bit about how the schools that they designed worked and what the group's legacy was so the keel boat that carried he's luminaries of intellect left from the harbor at Pittsburgh at two p m on December eighth, eighteen, twenty five there were just a forty people aboard and that included a crew of eleven and the conveyance. The philanthropists that was with a t, not a th, was eighty five feet long. That's about twenty six meters by fourteen feet wide! That's four point: two meters and the group was.

Opposed to travel by steamer, but the Ohio River was too low at the time for a steamer to make the trip the philanthropist had four sections. The front area was for the crew, the next with the men. The third was for the women and the fourth was for the children and they were all kind of like dormitories with a group living, this was definitely downgrade from the original plan and a lot of passengers were pretty dismayed by these arrangements. Robert Dale Owen, the son of the robber Owen, who had catalyze this whole project, wrote that quote. Some of the Ladys of our party appear already quite impatient and dissatisfied the more so since they almost cannot do anything for themselves. He was worry that there would be an uprising of the passengers. Would worse, the boat, to turn around and go back to Philadelphia. Some were driven to the breaking point and they just cried openly, and this might sound really really silly. But I want you to keep in mind that these people were expecting too,

participating in a well funded utopian experiment and already at this point there. First interaction with the project was well below expectations, based on what they had been told that they could hit disobeyed. So this prize, Billy shook their confidence in the whole thing, there are moving away from their homes to this new community and it was from the onset completely not what they had been told to expect, but once every one got used to these alternate sort of last minute array man on the keel boat, which word gonna, be their home for a month and a half that it took to make the journey, although they didn't know, would be quite that long. They

settle, em and by most reports they even managed to have quite a bit of fun. I just a few days into the trip, though the philanthropist ran aground. That happened just sixty miles down the Ohio. They could not get the boat free and, coincidentally, this happened just seven miles away from economy, Pennsylvania, and that was the new town that had been established by the rabbi community that had built new harmony. Initially Mcclure Owen son and the two other men made the track on lands to ask if their habits could help them Six men were sent out from economy, they managed to get the boat free and, what's even funnier, is that in Robert they'll Owens assessment of these rescuers he didn't find them to be particularly smart or engaging witches given their great success at the very type of endeavour that he and his father were trying to do. Although there were also achieving commerce the class yeah. He was like all they were kind of stuff

did not entertaining but I've just I wanted, There's another time where I want the time travel machines, I can go back and shake him and go dude. They built a successful communal living experiment. They just moved on to another place. This you haven't proven yourself yet champion, maybe don't be so judging so the day after the keel boat was shifted into a better position. The passengers visited economy, they had been invited to spend the day there at the invitation of Rapid leader George RAP and they We have had a really lovely time. This was the ass time that Robert Owen Senior, the one who started this whole new community, as spent with the boat passengers, he left from economy to travel to Pittsburgh on business. He had some some final arrangements to make in terms of lake the legalities

taking over the land and he left the science and educators, along with his son, Robert Dale, on their own for the rest of the journey. They didn't get very far, though, as they reached the station called Safe Harbour, which is just about eight miles from where they had run aground. They got iced in a philanthropist stayed there stuck of eyes were for full weeks. The group didn't extricate the boat until January night, which was twenty eight days after they had been first iced in and during that time there had been just a number of mistakes: including people who fell through the ice, but survived one passenger who fell and hit his head on a log while our hunting, which caused a delirium and fever he eventually did recover, though there were also a number of people who opted to leave the boat and shelter elsewhere or travel overly and before ultimately regrouping with everyone else yeah,

When I was first researching this, and they were saying like somebody will just left the photos, but they all managed to hook back up with every, but they didn't just wander out into the snowy wilderness and perish or meet some bad end. This whole thing comes off as a kind of comical, because this is about full of smart people that keeps running into problems. But it's more of an indication of how difficult travel wise, I feel like it- was like the them. The micro causes version of how their entire commune played out. Being re, just wasn't planned as well as it should have been right and they didn't know enough about travel. Hang by boat down a river, no, but there are some Your writings, where they're like we don't know as the captive as bad. It is job or if it is really bad situation, gems and it's like they just had no idea what they were doing well and it's just the wrong time to be taking a steamer down a river that

these, as over lake, were made. It even have a steamer and they're gonna kill, boat Leocadia Steamer may have wiggled through, but the keel bow was leg. Know me. While they were ice bound, though some passengers sketched and played games and they explored the river banks, they had assess their situation and agreed that to make everything work, they were just gonna eat to meals a day both to stretch their supplies and to prevent someone from having to take on the load of of making three meals a day, while they were in this odd situation, they so organise themselves to be able to relieve eight of the crew members on a rotating schedule. They travelled by land eight miles south to the town of Beaver from time to time to get some supplies and socialize on one of these occasions, Robert they'll Owen got into a discussion with the Methodist Minister, who he wrote, quote reasoned with quite good temper and some talent, but has the most incorrect

ideas Robert Ale, o, unlike his father, believed that religion was more of a problem than a source of good yeah. The Owen its whole thing was that religion was useless and that you just needed to raise people right to make a better world with good education, but yeah. It's sort of one of those. Every time I am reading anything the Robber, Dale Owen Rights, just like he talked about the rapids being not very smart or interesting and, like you are not, you seem like a person whose intentions are good and makes a lot of foolish judge. The group also incidental took them several additional passengers just a few days before they were able to move on from the ice and when the ice started to break the sound of it scared them all so much that they were convinced that the boat was sinking again kind of evidence that they may be weren't fully prepared for this trip, but after they vacuum and carded all of their trunks and luggage ashore. They realize things that were ok

and even good, because I met the ice, is breaking up and then they had to haul everything back onto the boat and make preparations to get under way. To that end, they are cut a pathway in the remaining eyes to get the keel but moving, and they were soon once again headed to their new utopia. They made a stop at first evening insight when Bill, Ohio and took on another passenger, which was the son of Judge, Benjamin Tappan, who wanted to have his child educated in new harmony. They stopped at other towns along the way. Most notable Cincinnati where several of the boat loaders toward the Museum of Natural history when they got to Louisville Kentucky They once again grew in numbers as Joseph Nif, who was an education or former joined up with them, along with his wife and after will the philanthropists made its way to Mount Vernon Indiana and there they made lamb to start the final leg of the journey.

So most of them at that point travelled the final fifteen miles to new harmony by wagon arriving on January, twenty third and about which they had been in transit for forty seven days Small handful of them, however, remained on the keel boat and they travelled farther south on the Ohio River before linking up with the Wabash River and turning north into it to make their way to new harmony. So the origin for the nickname, boat load of knowledge came from a speech by Robert Owen, while the keel vote that the scientists and educators were odd made its way down the Ohio oh and had travelled ahead by land than he started, telling the new harmony residents who were setting up their new utopia about Mcclure is really fantastic group. He gave a speech to this new community in which he commented on the vast amount of knowledge that was contained in this one vote,

continuing quote not latin and greek and other languages, but real substantial knowledge. From that point, people's recalling the philanthropists the boat load of knowledge. I love that Mcbay, so Edge Owen had called the educators aboard quote some of the ablest instructors of use. It could be found in the U S or perhaps the world, and all of that knowledge and ability had been gathered by a man named William Mcclure, who is often called Owens partner in his utopian enterprise. Is we'll get into bucklers life after we pause for a quick sponsor break getting on the bosses. Good side is just you giving yourself positive affirmations. You never have to fake laugh at the bosses. Lame jokes, because your whole Larry's, an awkward chit chat with the boss would just be awkward. Chit chat with yourself, because you are a small business owner born to be your own boss and Amex can help with solutions for eligible business customers, so you can keep doing what you were made to do the powerful by

of American Express dont do business without it terms, apply, learn more american, Express Dotcom, slash business as a child. The first words. Out of your mouth were you're, not the boss of me. Boss moves are the moves you make an you, never have to worry about the boss, approving a vacation since wait what vacation euros a business owner born to be your own boss and Amex can help with financed options for eligible business customers. So you can keep doing what you were made to do the powerful back, of American. Express, don't do business without it terms, apply, learn more american, Express Dotcom, slash business,

William Mcclure was born on October, twenty seven, seventeen sixty three in AIR Scotland, his father, was a merchant and was successful and out that William gotta private education, William first travelled to the. U S at the age of nineteen and after a brief stay, he went to London where he started a job with Miller, heart and company, an american commerce firm and while working there, he was constantly travelling mostly to France and Ireland, but also on occasion to the U S and seventeen. Ninety six Mc Clure move to United States permanently settling in Philadelphia. He also became a U S, citizen. He was already wealthy, but he quickly started adding to his fortune with business interests in Pennsylvania and Virginia by eighteen hundred. He was able to leave work behind and focus on his other interests.

Which were science and education reform full time, and he felt that the way that education had been managed up to that point was catastrophic. Writing quote. I had been long in the habit of considering education, one of the greatest abuses our species were guilty of and, of course, one of the reforms most beneficial to humanity. He saw that society was generally separated and categories of non productive, an predictive classes, governors and the governed, and that the only real thing that kept this system in place was the education at the upper classes were receiving

so he wanted to buck against that ages old arrangement and offer equal knowledge to rich and poor. He believed that when someone was armed with knowledge, they could rise up, so the lower classes that they had education could meet the upper class inequality. He also saw that the young Republic of the United States needed and educated populous. If it was going to survive. He wrote quote power being in the hands of the people through the medium of popular governments renders the diffusion of knowledge necessary to the support of freedom. He looks to the work of swiss education or former Johan, Heinrich Pestilent, see who had built a curriculum plan based on the ideas and John Jack, receives a meal which examined the individual in society and the relationship between the two Mc Clure visited pestilences and a school several times to observe, and it was that model that he sought to emulate when he planned out new harmonies education system.

Mc Clure had tried to convince pestilent, see to move to the: U S and even offered to bank role a new school for him, but pestilence eat turn that offered down, and even as Mc Clure was studying and promoting the latest ideas in education reform. He was also engaged in his own scientific work, specifically in geology in eighteen, oh nine, he offered up a geological map of the United States to the american philosophical society during a lecture, and this is considered to be a breakthrough mo in India, Ology him, it was had put together data that no one else had ever assembled and ass. His fame for his scientific were grew. Mcclure started to spend his time, bouncing from geological tours and surveys to meeting with education experts and setting up schools, because he made a name for himself in the geological sciences when the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

one thousand eight hundred and twelve Mcclure was invited to become a member in one thousand eight hundred and seventeen. He became the organization's president, which was supposed he would hold for more than two decades right up till the end of his life, and it was the connections that made through that organization that really enabled him to assemble an academic dream team for new harmony there. Why is an Owenites society in Philadelphia by one thousand, eight hundred and twenty three a year before Robert Owen bought new harmony. You made that purchase at the end of eighteen, twenty four and members of the Academy of Natural Sciences head Red, Owens essays on communal living as early as the eighteen teens, and they were pretty enthralled by his ideas because exciting and new, and some including Mcclure at even visited Owens Community in New Landmark Scotland, where Owen had focused on improving the conditions for the poor working class that kept his textile mills running and eventually it was

poor that Robert Owen entrusted to design and established the education system and more new harmony, Indiana one of the people that Mcclure worked with closely to get new harmonies children educated was Maria, do close footage you and she was born in France in seventeen eighty three and had married Joseph wet issue as a young woman. Although the exact date their marriage is unknown. The couple had a child name Achilles son, but they live separately, so her husband, Joseph does not seem to have factored very prominently in her life at all. Marie's. First, contact with William Mc Clure took place in eighteen nineteen when he was visiting Paris. Frets issue moved from Paris to Philadelphia in eighteen, twenty wine to set up a pestilence in school. She helps spread. Oh and ideas when she came to North America. She brought some essays that had been published in Europe and students circulating that in discussing it with other members of the Philadelphia science and education communities in a lot of ways. She really seated

victory her school. She later wrote Mc Clure that she and Owen had immediately headed off. They were like old friends from the moment they met. Owens hold her there, I have this exciting essay that I want you to read. People read. It appears that it was actually Freddy, show that convinced Mcclure that he should partner with Owen, although Mc Clure, had written to her after he first visited new landmark any spoke of his timely as the most pleasant of his life. It was her its, but she would never really get to see just how impact for her work could be there. But if she came to new harmony, things would be different because she could work She met Robert Owen in November of eighteen, twenty four when he visited Philadelphia and specifically her school. She later wrote Mc Clure that sea and Owen had immediately headed off. They were like old friends from the moment they met. Owens hold her there they worked on their education ideas in a place where the various obstacles to those ideas can be removed. Like a community like

When he was planning, they could truly see what a proper education could do for a child's development. She went on to make the call Two further show that she could be working at a school in Philadelphia for decades, but she would never really get to see just how impact for her work could be there, but ass she came to new harmony. Things would be different because she could work without societal ills of a large city. Ruining encountering her f it's coming up will do a quick run down a few of the other people who put so much work into setting up the education system in new harmony, but first we'll have a quick sponsor break miles. Its new from work yes said across from each other record upon us together to podcast

other on a daily basis. I want to tell you about the perfect white elephant gift to give people what they actually want for the holidays. The sheer Bagua visual- yes, I really know each type of ok, you Talkin about Smirnov ornaments yet well. So this one's kind of a two in one decor looks cool around the house and la so vodka. Yet- and I think you know holiday hosting, you know, can be hard or trying to figure out what you get people, how you bring something funded. The party besmear enough makes it easy and you can give the best gift this holiday season with this mere enough vodka. Ornament also, we know some of our listeners. We they may have low gluten argue this gluten free baby, who filled with Smirnoff twenty one bad car, which is the world's number one. Vodka

so for some, not so silent nights. This holiday pick up some Smirnoff ornaments and police. Sippar sponsible only share with those twenty one, an older. When you need face time with your boss, all you do is look in the mirror, a nest, Boston, you take yourself out to lunch and you never. Things like synchronized synergies because well, it sounds ridiculous. You're, a small business owner born to be your own boss and annex can help with payment flakes so you can keep doing what you were made to do the powerful backing American Express dont do business without it terms, apply, learn more american, Express Dotcom, slash business, wow Marine front. There was a cornerstone of the education system in new harmony and one of the most important members. After Robert I went and William Mcclure. There were, of course, plenty of others. They came on that boat

would knowledge, and here are, but a few of them Thomas say was born on June. Twenty seventh save seventeen eighty seven, he was an in Somalia just an ecologist, and some and who Mcclure had befriended early on. In his time at the Academy of Natural Sciences, say was library, librarian, their mcclure had funded some of say, scientific research, trips and then asked say to accompany him on several of his geological surveys. Say is often called the Father of American, descriptive, entomology, Google, him you can find lots of stuff from his entomology work. Yeah and just in case you don't know what a con colleges is, someone who studies, mollusk shells and he had fourteen in this field. He was one of the leaders in that area. So when the bus,

mode of knowledge, was trapped in the ice in the passenger started covering shifts to relieve the crew. It was say that everyone elected as captain, and he was apparently really pretty good at managing the crew in eighteen, twenty seven say married one of the students that Marie front issue had brought with her the trip once the school system of new harmony was established, it was say that Mc Clure entrusted with it whenever he was away from the village. Later on when the utopian experiment had ended, say stayed at new harmony used. This is primary location from which he conducted his research and he wrote for the rest of his life that life, unfortunately, was pretty short. He died in eighteen, thirty, four french naturalist, Charles Alexander Le Sueur, born in seventeen. Seventy eight was another friend from the Academy of Natural Sciences in his work and in paleontology archaeology exceed G and generals who ology this year, made numerous discoveries of new species while he traveled the world, particularly Australia, and he served as curator at the academy. Like me,

Freddie Joe Monsieur, had been into Owens idea of a utopian society even before Mcclure and was eager when the chance came along to be part of new harmony during the boat ride down the Ohio River, he drew a hundred and twenty seven sketches of the landscapes Traveled through those are you no kind of the visual record of that entire trip, and there really interesting We are really really talented artists and, while Where'd Owen, who founded the seconds you be a new harmony left feeling is, though Mc Clure curriculum had been part of its demise. He recognized this year's art skills so much that he still sent one of his sons Richard back to new harmony to study with monsieur in eighteen. Twenty eight after Thomas say died the sore returned to France and he went on to become the curator at the museum, destroy natural to have,

although he server that prestigious position for less than a year before he also died in December of eighteen. Forty six, William S, sick, whereby duckling small was like fritters Yo Energy Peter and when he traveled a new harmony, he actually brought ten students with him. They were boys from a school that he Tata in Philadelphia that school had been established by William Mcclure and before working Mare, figure, bow had worked in schools in France, which had also been funded and established by me, you're fickle. Pa was the person, incidentally, who had hit his head on a log during that I sent on the river and seem to be in pretty bad shape for awhile. Two of his students were the first to fall through the ice as well, so that month they were stuck. There was just not particularly I said to him: you are he also kind of had a reputation for being a little bit of a gradual Pythagoras. There were some people they claimed that he never fully recovered, and that was why he was so grumpy once this

a new harmony, was in place figure pile taught, among other things, printing. He left the school in eighteen, DE in eighteen, thirty one. He married social reformer France's right that marriage ended in divorce in eighteen. Fifty two less as a sampling of these caters than we can move on to the curriculum and the legacy of these schools, though Owens new Harmony experiment ended just two years after it began, as we mentioned at our previous episode on the subject, the educators state around they kept the school system going. They also started publishing a regular journal, called the disseminate or of useful knowledge which continue. Publication until the 1840s is a really felt like they had built something worthwhile and they weren't willing to just abandon it. Just because the the utopian society wasn't going to work out and they have people that wanted to send their children there. The curriculum for new harmony, children started when they were still toddler, so children enrolled in the first school call the infant school at the age of two

a boy it's obviously just about play and the educators were kind of noting the development of the children and children state an infant school. Until they were five years old at age, five children moved into the higher school, they also boarded away from their families and a large dormitory. This was intended to keep the educational plan free from parental influence, and also to introduce the children to the idea of communal living from a very early age. The higher school educated children until there were twelve and included trades training and workshops and textile males who they were contributing to the good of society from early on their academic work, included courses in mathematics, mechanics art, music, language, science and writing with gymnastics for physical exercise throughout the lessons of the higher school, all the scientists that had been recruited

gave lecturers yeah. I was basically like having teachers who were the criminal, a crime and all of their fields come in and give talks periodically. That aspect of it is really unique and quite special after completing the higher school students would move onto the school of industry, and that's where real trade instruction took play and their students learned a great deal more than that early training that they had gotten door in the higher school. So this training did separate pretty solidly, though along gender lines said, the boys learned everything from taxidermy to blacksmithing and the girls were taught dressmaking, millinery, cooking

and other domestic skills. The school of industry also ran its own printing press. That was part of why Philippa was teaching how to run the press, and students were taught to run it so that the scholars of the town get have their own publishing mechanism for their research, which, I have to say, is a pretty ingenious set up. Although Leclerc educational system shuddered after his death the programmes that he and his colleagues instituted were precursors to the public schools, and paved the way for it, even though it would be decades before such a system was actually in place in Indiana. That effort was helped along in eighteen. Fifty one by Robert Owen, who became very active in government and public affairs that year he helped get language providing for attacks, supported free public educate system written into Indiana Second Constitution and the scholars and scientists of new harmony,

symbol, the library that was worthy of any universities and be they had brought. You know their but collections with them, as they travelled all, can merge those together into one library and their collections of specimens in their museum that they set up, drew researchers from around the world who wanted to observe them as well as meet with the scientists. They are to discuss their ideas and kind of use them as like a sounding board for things that you are working on, in eighteen, twenty eight the year after Owens new Harmony experiment was dissolved, William Mcclure left as well. He headed to Mexico over the next five years. He and Marie fretted Joe exchanged almost five hundred letters in which it became clear that the french teacher had fallen really in love with the geologist, but didn't appear that Mcclure returned her romantic interests over the two of them did remain close Freddie Joe travelled to Mexico, to visit Mcclure in eighteen, thirty three and died not long after arriving Mcclure stated Mexico until the end of his life in eighteen, forty, three

all this time and new harmony in Mexico. He had remained president of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia yeah. This is those things MC, Clure, constantly on the road from the time he was young, so he might have just been good at managing affairs. He was not physically involved in, but he had you know captain is going at the school, even though he was in another country. He was, you know, giving his input on curriculum. He was kind of keeping it running in a lot of ways and financially he was still willing to put backing into him when he died. Mcclure left behind two different educational funds. One was part of the Academy of Sciences, and that was clearly described as funding. They should go to making sure educational materials went into the hands of late.

Where's. The other had the same goal, but it was a general provision in his will that offered five hundred dollars to any laborers group that established a lecture in reading room with at least one hundred books in it. There were a hundred and sixty libraries that were funded as a result of this provision that practice of making knowledge accessible for everyone with something that Mcclure had put into practice. Self throughout his life. But one of the most enduring examples of it is the new Harmony Workingman Institute, which he bounded in eighteen, thirty, eight, which was two years before he died. The institute move from its original location in the church. Harmony through a new building in eighteen. Ninety, four- and it remains operation. To this day. Now it's the oldest continuously operating public library in Indiana. It's also a museum and even though it is called the Working methods Institute it was. I was intended to be something that not just men can access, but their entire families. I would have access to any other resources there, which is a pretty cool a heap. He definitely Emily.

Tons of money to work with, but he definitely put its money where its mouth was in terms of saying like. Yes, they want people of all levels of society to have educational materials, and then he made it happen. Tat is if it was not just lip service which after respect, so that is a little bit more on the boat load of knowledge which just charmed me based just on that nickname, but also there a lot of really important in adjusting people there's even more and more and more you can get very in the weeds on the boat load of now it oh yeah, the work that those people did. You could do an entire pike S series called boatload of knowledge and talk about each person and all of their research projects. As somebody does it. I will list do you have listener mail for us? I do. I have a really lovely postcard. They came to us from our listener. Heath who writes hello, Tracy Wilson and highly, for I have lists near your podcast twenty fifteen I've wanted to

you for a while, when you did your podcast cast in twenty seventeen on the Kalis acts and the eugenics s eye. So very much appreciate the care and consideration you made with a very sensitive subject. The province I live in began a eugenics movement in nineteen, twenty eight, the lasted until nineteen. Seventy two- and we have so many people still living from that time and being part of the disability community were vigilant of how, without constant application and knowledge of what this history did, we can easily be doomed to repeat it I chose this postcard as we always need to keep that love. Thank you for your care, she's, so sweet, and it is a cue postcard of the pop love factory. I love the idea of sharing levy a postcard, so thank you so much. He sat there really beautiful thing. He also drew and adorable kitty, which I appreciate. If you would like to write to us, you can do so in history, pike as to how that works dot com. You can also find, as pretty much everywhere on social media as missed in history

history dot. Com is also the place to go. If you would like to visit us on the web and look at our archive of every episode, that's ever existed as well as show notes for any the episodes. Tracy, and I have worked together in our years on the show you should also subscribe, maybe already have, but if you haven't you can do that. I hurt radio apt and Apple upon Casper wherever it is that you listen stuffy, Mr District Glasses approach. Am not radios. How stuff works for more pod hats radio visit thy, her radio, Appleton guests or wherever you listen to your favorite, shows pay folks. Today's episode is brought by Smirnoff number: twenty one: vodka ornaments, the perfect white elephant gift. If you go to one of these gifts swaps this year, give me what they act. We want for the holidays, which is vodka,

two in one now you get a declaration in vodka and the same gift. We all know that finding the right gift for a walk in you know it expensive difficulty. Don't you don't know what to get people here is an option that is affordable and fun for everyone, as long as the party for adults so give the best if this holiday season smear number, twenty one vodka ornaments, as always, please sip responsibly. And I will share with people twenty one up.