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Ready for you. Welcome to study, should now run house for external aid worker the part TAT S done. Josh Clark, a k, a compass said with me, is Charles W Chuck, Schukert, Chuckie, Brian Cha, Cha, cha, cha, cha, cha, Cha, Cha Jacket, TAT Jack Jack Jack. Rather, we imagine gets Praiser man again, handsome guess producer man he's a dream. He is so. Why don't we mean to match the spring? I guess When I get to yeah, I'm leaving

point trying to do here in the Bush, like you dragging a little bit today. Ok now do them up, like can ever think of the analyses right. I wish to tell em up like ass light, switch up like a hare. Put here club for men, customer terrible puts MILAN chalk. Do you know what one of the simplest organic compounds found on the planet? Our school me I'm about to chuck You call those hydrocarbons fear remainder of this podcast trade, the civil society, but hang with this, you might learn something it is potentially really exciting. Science is, I know I'm roused until I can tell I'd, say Shock hydrocarbons are, as I said, very simple. It's just a chain of hydrogen and carbon atoms, pretty simple mixed together, but for other simplicity, they pack a heck of a punch, indeed, that it actually is more effect there really ubiquitous. As far as the stuff we used to fuel

our global economy, goes meaning that hydrocarbons are actually active ingredients in petroleum right, a call natural gas. So basically, these are the things they give us the energy that we used to live our lives right away said thanks Is it the end? That's right: will you join us, so Shaka there's a couple of problems with what we're getting our hydrocarbons from these days, the first one is the first one is there eventually were going to run out right. That's a pretty well known fact and strong it certainly affect my friend. I don't want you to get unnecessary listener. Male, ok, sure it's actually a hotly debated topic, peak oil theory, which, frankly, I think we should do and on cases actually really just right. You ever get article in that. Thank you say it

do. I have to say I want to go. I didn't say it now to met Baker. You know man over in development. I do he is actually a fanatic about energy and the future of energy use, and exploring other ways, intellectually huge sceptic. So he help. Let me a little bit it had a healthy scepticism for this one right. So good is fighting the good fight. So. I am of the opinion that we are running out if we have started to already right peak oil writer, but we're going to run out, but we still need the staff and the Problem is this the internal bastion engines that we currently have. You are not very efficient nother. Not we An average from what I understand a korean EPA about fifteen percent of the potential energy found in like the gasser, the diesel or whatever we put into an engine, actually becomes usable energy or energy that makes your car go down the road or powers, your air conditioner right right,

events lost all sorts of different things he had ever, but one of them the ways that energy is lost is through unburned incompletely Bert hydrocarbons. Right that comes right over the old tail pipe yeah. What happens? Truckers well? second Emily about this last night, trying to break this down in my research, an. Basically the easiest way to say it is these: are petroleum based fuels burn less efficiently because their more complex, and that's really all there is to it right things like ethanol, if you, if you looked at the air, was called met, the helix but the little the bond yet bind it actually does. When you look at the two compared to each other, much more, simply sure so that this really others to it. It burns cleaner, because more. That gets Bert. Initially, there's none left over right. So we burn these these these hydrocarbons and when we separate the bonds and creates a sir this reaction, where we get energy right right, but if all the bonds are broken, then you have some that, like you said, come out to tell

grand. Let's say you have a carbon Adam that interacts with the air and gets an oxygen molecule attached to it all suddenly of carbon monoxide exec, which is bad Oh oh zones, another one right which is not to be confused with the ozone in the stratosphere, the ozone layer right, it's actually getting it. Those on the ground. Yet no internationally is the same thing to suppress the word, the exactly right and then course you are. You also have carbon atoms attached to one another may set. So there's a there's lot of problems with hydrocarbons, weary using a right now, but there are solutions to this problem. Exciting solutions again, I'm aroused by these. Yet us talking attempting to Emily last night about this There are actually a lot of different ways that we can make fuel the system we have in place has been there for so long. It's kind of with politics. Everything. Just well entrenched, so

these new methods are kind of inefficient system, because it's been in place for so long and all the systems are in place, so starting these new methods is expensive, timely and very expensive time consuming? Plus you know we ve gotten, like you said we, really good at extracting oil from the ground. Yet from the sea former who did the hurons oceans as we can really getting oil out of the earth right. Why? We now right, because we ve been For so long now, all of becoming painfully clear that we,

come up with another solution and fast or else if we have hit peak oil already where our global economy is gonna, country, screeching hall and then hopefully will have enough momentum to pick it up with minimal stoppage right, but probably not were probably gonna, be in big trouble, because we think we waited a little too long. Hopefully, now I'm not much of an alarmist relations, and I think that was gonna end in twenty twelve ethics pillar. Friends, I want to tell you about love book, the very easy way to personalize a book to someone you love in three easy steps. Love books, helps customers express the sentiments that may be difficult to say out loud for some of us looking in anyone's particular direction, users can create characters that look just like themselves and the recipient right down to the outfits and accessories customers had the option to personalize each page as much as they like. But the express option creates a complete book with just a few clicks. Low book now offers a membership programme as well.

You receive a free book when you sign up fifty percent off any additional books, unlimited free digital books and discounts on gift, rap and other products, love books of the perfect gift for all occasions, or just because so right now you can check out love books. By going to love book online dotcom, Slash crush, you will receive a special twenty percent discount, that is, it love book online, dotcom, slow crutch, but ok, so, what's with leading the pact, Chuck could possibly be bio hydrocarbons, yes, Josh and water. This you tell me genius, jerk, tell you to buy a hydra carbon. Is its hydrocarbons derive from plant life? right, converting plant sugars, essentially yet, which is not necessarily the sugars either will get into that night. I was just one of the many yeah see this were started, getting

I know that this, let's put it out there check cover laid on everybody laid on me. Why I mean like there's a check was frustrated earlier because we're researching this and he's like what is going on like that, looking at ethanol. Are we looking at Catalina lecture? What are we, what which catalyst works best and we both figured out that what was hang on is no one. Has this magic bullet yet right, chuck right, which actually makes the whole thing that much more exciting is kind of like watching a horse race like yet have as the technology been developed? Yet we just need to make it more efficient and is their plan out there? We did. We haven't even heard of that actually going to rescue the world. Well, maybe go ahead for the. I know I'd like that when the parrot well yeah, but there's research on all kinds of France, which is the which is the good part. So, like you, said it's kind of a race to see you can do it best and most efficiently right in the quickest theirs.

There's one? It's already pretty well established its cellular, sick, ethanol and Chris Patten. I actually did a pod casta many many moons ago on that, but I want to give a quick refresher- and also, I think, by a hydra. Carbons- is pretty much interchangeable with the word biofuels from what we can to write by with sailors get in all all. It is it's it's ethanol which you can use to power in engine, specially one's been modified to be powered by ethanol in its this created by fermenting extracted. Figures from cellulose indignant which provide structure in and shape and form to sell walls right of plants like the plant stands up thanks to that exactly and basically what they do, is they throw. A bunch of this is called Bio mass feedstock when its use to make ethanol right right. They throat in this that threats of microbes in their the microbes go to town eat the stuff make these by products.

These products and their their catalyzed with other enzymes, and they go through a positive process and at the end comes the two final products which are water and ethanol, rice, and actually there is a real advance to this, because we're already throwing way for thirty million tonnes of plant waste every year, yeah? Why just thrown into I sought ass witches stocks, thickening yeah with stuff we just can't use or keep me we can if we make cellular sick ethanol right, it's a garbage before, but then you know once were using it like. I said it becomes biomass here's the problem. You were saying earlier that it is a very expensive process. I said it's a very efficient extremely accurate. There is unwise, like those microbes, I mention the right taking the silo, seen two sugar to be fermented. Those die after a very short period of time. They have to be replaced. So that's an added costs right.

Indeed, the micro replacement is actually that's a very expensive process. Microbe replacement, it's a killer. Toyota, impose. Also momentum to end products are water and down ethanol. They mix together really easily, which is good, no its not now because then you have shreck there s no from the water, which is costly and time consuming great It's an azure step by year, whether trying to deal with some of these processes limit these steps right, which makes it obviously cheaper, puzzles, even once you do extract the ethanol from the water, and you are transporting ethanol to your local gas station down of the pipeline. The way we do with oil. Now we treat weeds shooting through pipes, refined gas. We shoot through pipe and separated by columns,

Maybe like gas, water, gas, water, gas, water. You can't do that with ethanol right. We have to cope with a completely new technology for because it'll, just mixed with the water that comes out, the n would have to be extracted again right: So there's a bunch of challenges: the cellular, sick, ethanol, really what it comes down to this is too expensive to replace all right. Now, you ok, so again, what's the solution well, which one? Let's, let's start rapid will you wanna talk about? Can a leaner, yeah, ok, Cameroon is like the wonder plant. Well, perhaps can Billina is, if you like, Emmaline, should go to Montana. For our Idaho, I was at the other or organ the grower, Montana seemed a chemist stand out above. The rest is like the big potential producer for camera. Leaner right and the cool things about kindliness can be grown in rotation with a weak crops. Yeah, we got a lot of wheat rice. Actually it's been shown in its

You use it fallow land right right in right. Now they just let weeds grow in a huge tract of wheat cropland if they replace with came Lena actually when they plant with the next season, has about fifteen percent more increase yield than when they just use weeds. This is for you wanna talk yields, please Catalina yields roughly double. What saw yields and saw you now is the wonder plant. Everyone knows sure, and the oil. The catalina produces is more cold resistant than your average bio diesel, DR using drought, reserve viruses it since it grows marginal lands as well. It requires very little fertilizer or insecticide, so that huge too well something this is the answer we equity

better chuck more la it to get the camp Billina Oil, that's used to produce a bio, hydrocarbon fuel. You actually have to crush the plant matter and you oil, the stuff, that's left over Actually makes an excellent livestock feed. Ok, they hurt you got all that extra, didn't, isn't income right there right, yeah! Well, you don't have studies on the emissions for mine. It was a jet fuel made by a camel the cot green jet. Sure, and there is an eighty four point. Four percent savings compared to regular petroleum jet fuel in greenhouse gas emissions are yet that's huge debts way huge If you talk in Bio diesel and exhibit savings of seventy eight point, five percent over over protrusion base- these yes, sir, and even more, you said that they were doing test.

Right there actually conducting real flights with it. So the other fifty percent jet fuel like petroleum based radio and fifty percent bio jet fuel, green jet fuel, and ass again, so it's actually keeping the plane aloft and I believe, more energy efficient yet maintaining ass. Nobody wants to use. You know, no matter how environmentally friendly a fuel is. Everyone's gonna hate it if planes crashing you and when you fill it up with a sharp We ve done my Montanans Data Montana alone. Could support between two and three million acres of the stuff producing home millions of barrels of oil wells, hundred to three hundred million gallons of oil a year. Here's the rum, the farmers growing patient now no lot about. It is quite they dont, but even if every farmer Montana were producing the maximum amount of Camelot Oil, every right and three honey, million gallons area a year, three or four

so see. The problem is here in the: U S, we use twenty one million barrels of oil a day, so even if maintained reduce the maximum yields of you oil. We use it up. The nation in just a few days after your top, I'm saying so that's a huge problem with so much for that for us all camera Lena goes through much similar process or a similar process to soil is a gap in all these extra expensive stats right. So clearly we ve got the we have. The cleaner burning fuel part downright cause is producing simpler, bio hydrocarbons, so they're burning more efficiently and their they're burning up completely yeah. So there's fewer emissions

except those carbon dioxide emission, still right in a truly perfect alternative fuel, the two ways parish, you're gonna, be water and carbon dioxide right. The problem is we're still emitting carbon dioxide by actually hydrogen would be the way to go sure, but here please so that you discovered so easy like that it is pretty clear scoffers. So we still have this this hurdle and one of them is the making fewer step process which would be inherently less expensive right right. Are you talking about them? The mystery fungus know that a yes sure, no mystery fungus, but Superfund was that's. That's different. I mean that's like just going to the source to find you know, I don't know, maybe some sort of fungus that produces diesel on its own without any steps. Talk about. Is there such a thing? I think easy. They have found

in paragraph right in the and it is called you're glow, clad Clara, regime, I think that's, probably pretty close juggler, Clara immersion, orgy erosion, jealousies caught that ok orgy rose or just rose arose. Those college erosion- and they have discovered this fungus kind of by accident or not kind of accident, very much by access sure, which is the best part, yeah, they run around the patagonian rainforest. Exposing tree fungus antibiotics to see what happened right, but a hippies, yeah and they found out was this surge erosion grew in the presence of these gases when everything else is dying away, so you can pay. What is a good thing? What is this stuff? Exactly? they like a little closer. And what were you saying? The best part is that you can grow this in labs. Sure that's one part of the passport is the fact that this, they naturally excrete diesel washer. These

feel there's fungus out there that excrete, what we were just call diesel fuel which is not static, gone obvious rather sorry, talk about like cutting steps out yet become a major expose, this stuff to antibiotics, right yeah and it starts producing diesel directly from sailors yeah. That from eating on a tree, I, like you said it: did they ve already managed to to reproduce in the lab right right, Nikobob, Mica diesel yeah, any other concrete. The stuff in the lab, that's crazy, which now this. This is one of the big, exciting things about the G rosier a place also G rhodium, as if you can get any better, produces potent antibiotics as a by product as well I didn't think everything visas in antibiotics also Are we just go this route minor? I think we should bow down to the G rosier master, which will clearly dominate the human race within the next victim,

right. This only like six months ago that this they figured the stuff out is a brand new dawning of a new age may be well twelve months ago. They found out. They took him six months to get out of the forest and they were run in the whole time to tell everybody was sure they were they get falling down, hey everybody. I want to talk to you about your website that doesn't look good and this hard to program, because, where space does it better yeah, they do squares is this amazing magical tool that you can just basically only one? and all of a sudden. You have a website to do whatever you want with you can use it to sell stuff. You can use it to tell your world about all the great thoughts you have and now screw. Space also offers email campaign, so you can take your business embryo it up here we square Space, self are very popular. Escape alive website keeps track. Oliver Comings and goings, and Oliver alive shows in it.

Always a joy to go in there and update the squares basic causes so easy, and it always look so great, and it makes me feel smarter than I am yet they offered customizable lay out powerful, editing, mobile editing, not just for your website, but also for email campaigns to so go check. It out go to square space, dot com, Slash Duff. Today, so just go to square space, dot com flashed stuff today for a free trial when you're ready to launch everyone use the offer code stuff to save ten percent. On your first purchase of a website or domain Skurse base discotheque in it? So what I want to know what the good part they can actually manufacture possess. I was worried about was cool. They thought sang, but it's in the rain forest. So then I thought well that just means reconstruct raping the rain forest yeah. I thought the same thing to it and I have to say I was pleasantly surprised that they synthesize that already here that's autumn, figured out how to manipulate it goes on.

Exactly precisely also there's a there's, a movement afoot to cut out extra steps in the ethanol process. Org, you know what converting came: Lena Oil, the usable diesel fuel right and that's using different kinds of catalysts. There are these guys at MIT that are using metals like I a copper, I believe too, to catalyze these things were what happens is basically from what I understand again, this is MIT and I definitely did not attend MIT budget dummies here talking about China, it basically you take this, sir. This is dumb the cellular, sick ethanol say. And you run it over these catalysts that are very high. Heat, really give ultra heated plan

and what happens is when it goes over actually converts the chemical composition of the ethanol or not at all the the main ingredients used in ethanol right, the cellular, sunset and converted into bio hydrocarbons right. There is no other steps. Actually, there are two steps, but there actually very quick and its thousands of times faster. I understand the microbial fermentation. Indeed, you can produce the stuff constantly air can be recycled, exactly the catalyst can be reused, you're, not using microbes you using metal right and playing on saying the heap pretty well right, even better the stuff that comes out on the other in the usable fuel it actually separate from the other, So it's just sitting there on top making it traction, easy and that remains on bottom. Actually highly useful in the manufacture of plastics too. So it seems to me like getting closer and closer and closer

the problem is, I think we humans tend to rest on our laurels We know how to get oil are the ground. I know I don't see the oil missing. What's the big problem till it all right, it's going to take some one of a real problem and come out be like you, idiots were in big trouble right for anybody. The wise up him really start funding this stuff, but if a far some great thinker needs to come along and demanded, who Maybe you I demand that everyone said funding this right in the tea and you are as you're being handcuffed. That's why I've been anchor. I don't doubt it this vile hydrocarbons that it shares very impressive Nino chemistry and math stuff, gonna flies or my head. I did my best to hang in there, but you did great Chuck. You did great thanks to the czech girl will have anything to plug, were done with bio hydrocarbons. That can only be one.

Listen now Josh and is going to call this italian listener male, because from an exciting new, maybe save an exit these were doing ok, doesn't say anything about the policy. So this from Stephan in italy- and this is in regard to our propaganda, podcast, ok, which was just recently earlier He wants to point out that, for I'm. A giant. Sorry for the better English the Prime Minister of ITALY, Silvio Silvio their Berlusconi, He is apparently quite the propagandist is with a certain references and he says here we can only dream about propaganda being illegal argue I dont want to argue through a the deuce. You add, it learn

The current situation, ITALY, is worse than Nazi Germany. Warehouses checking the Italians after was well. Maybe you don't want any time the night is what they come evidently and he would say yes, the k and I teach D, is what the italian media calls a prime minister, and he owns all private free televisions. As shares and thinking is tv stations. The shares in the paper views so being the prime sure you can influence the public tv channels he illegally became owner of nearly every sure or newspaper in the country well, and he sues everyone who allows himself to criticise what time influence here: it says there are plenty of cases, a phone interceptions, end or admissions people, and some news and or journalists are being reduced, The one sided never hear anything bad about the government or the prime Minister

and protestors and opposition are always displayed as fools so based. It sounds like ITALY is in trouble. So he goes on for a while bulbs skipped Anthony and there are to free new sources and some radio stations that we have called radical radio and the internet working on some laws to ban blogs and already have someplace place to censor certain sites, so I'd just wanted with the best modern day prop again, you'll find seven in ITALY and seven they're coming for you, as we speak, just sorry Stephan, but I think that a chicken I both say hats off to you before,

In the voice of I don't know reason over there in ITALY and check, I feel like were complicit in smuggling information out of ITALY Broadcasting and around the world. Leaders like this at Vindelin place, and in that sense, but did you also know? Did you see that one email from a listener? China, who said that our dialogue is outlawed there being banned? There is the cool thing I've ever heard, where like right there with the Dalai Lama church, I will, if you watch you compare, Can I do the Dalai Lama, let us know, what's goin on your country here, just to say hi and he to study hard cash. How stuff works that, cop, but don't get more on this and thousands of other topics is it how stuff works out com, what more of words check out our blogs on the house of works of art,

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