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Our why as in try applied right oh yeah and the whole basis of this is there we park. Castors are asking you podcast listeners to go. Tell a friend to go. Try pack has not necessarily hours, I mean if you want to recommend that we should know we're, always find the Thatcher by, even it's some other one that that you like or love, even more just turn. A friend on the pod casting is basically the whole point here in your programme. Here, there's a lot of hard gas in that the whole deal is even though I'm guessing, has come a long way since we started still sort of a baby in of a medium get half of a half of a per cent. What we always say that paragraph thing, but lotta people soon uneven, though a pike S are so get out there tell a family member tell a friend what passed are

the men, when you like to tell him how to get it, you know it's got your backyard and and put your ear to the sky. Until I hereby garage earth of big went through because a lot of people are like. Ok, sir I've heard a pocket. I have no idea where to start yet, so I recommend a good way to listen. Maybe how you listen and We really appreciate it, like the whole industry, appreciates spreading the word yeah, that's how we grow and that's how we ve grown on behalf of the entire podcasting industry. Thank you Welcome to stop. You should know how, for Stockholm will do the fog dressed unjustified with Charles the reach of bright and Jerry

Dear sir, we say we have to focus on what is this nine hundred, probably twentysomething, thirty something episodes let's get up there and for the first time ever right before we will go Jerry said focus that mean usual, she goes huh what I don't get it me so bothering us everything's copies smell me. There Jerry focus, I feel better, Usually, she goes huh, I'm a little get now. This is me, so bothering us very exact copy, the fuck about you, use your eye. Ok get somethin large in it, talking about famine today, yes, which goes with it Super said horrific GEO, political catastrophe, sweet

yeah, this probably will not be chock full of humor. Now try to think of a way to insert some jokes unless we gonna tangent, do you remember eighty stand comedians like they would make. Just the worst jokes that just would not? they d get chased off stage by what he moved with like. Like justice, jokes: they would make AIDS jokes in and famine Joe, oh yeah, yeah yeah. It's your hearts shirk refugees like the material they would make jokes about like they were remotely funny, you know. Yet I will not new answer smarter anything here. I think the same Kennison made like starting the opium kid jokes right. I give him a sandwich cameramen when them was there him? I think so. I used people can't do that today, it's different web, so yet a poem, peony jobs, Muslim. What there will be as tons of information and hopefully everywhere,

who will understand famines after this can come together and prevent them from the rest of eternity unless climate change gets says will see at the yes despoil. That, though, didn't I that's good is another! Those relevant yeah, so everybody has a pretty good idea. What famine is it's when you run out of food in a bunch of people start dying that actually pretty close to the rate. Real definition, but is this guy who's, a scholar of famine? His name is correct: go Grata and he has written what books and famines and studied famines and is a pretty sharp tech, so people can to him to say what the actual definition of a famine- and he says, is best irish accident. Ah, it's a lie like malnutrition. Yeah so a lot worse. There's a lot more crisis, there's a lot more death, yet

the he says: it's a shortage of food or purchasing power that leads directly to mortality from starvation or hunger in diseases, and that's an important it didn't addition, because it's not just starvation related, but all the these are comes along with that. That can kill people right very much more easily because you are so undernourished. Right and we'll find out to its. It forms a bit of a vicious cycle like as people start to get home, and start to starve certain suffer from disease, they haven't even harder time say, working in field produce crops and so We think this keeps getting worse and worse and worse, what passes breaking point. It really search to spiral out of control yeah, it's it's a three pronged terror of poverty, hunger and disease

all contributing to one another right. So We're MECCA, Gratis definition of the family is a daily death rate of above one per ten thousand people is at ten thousand, I had a period and not a comma, not sir. That's european! I didn't is it it's gotta, be because that didn't that's like point: zero, zero, zero, one percent of population per day, the right yeah. I think it is Ten thousand! Ok, because this off the top of my head. The normal American Deathrays like eight hundred and twenty three per one hundred thousand brain? So let us frequently more areas of our daily death rate as the first characteristic yet two is the proportion of wasted. Children is above twenty percent, and wasted means there their muscle Ass is withering away due to starvation, diet

Equally, it means they way to standard or or more, below average and use that term itself is like the most heartbreaking. You can have wasted children in any sense, it's not a good thing good, especially when it has to do with famine, Finally, the prevalence of what's called quash or core, which is on its way, clean extreme malnutrition, do the protein deficiency yeah and the others, pictures everybody who grew up in the eighties and saw the pictures of the starving children in Africa. There were just little skinny kids, but their these huge bloated part bellies yeah, that's a classic hallmark of cash for their very soon. Yeah, and then he went on just cause. Further with severe famine. The daily death rate above five out of ten thousand proportion of wasted children about forty percent and then that

in question Accord Prevalence Right Serve Crusher Cor's around you got a family your hands. That's not a normal thing that happens in a normal food, secure popular yeah and that's that's the main distinguishing factor between famine and just what consider malnutrition, grasses all tied in to what we call food security right and we we talk about food security. Before. I think, maybe in design education or something like that? You know we have at some point, but we talk a lot about the food, the Green revolution to which factors in, but I'm food security is a means you have you have food available you can get to that food or that food. To you readily You can use that food to meet your health needs you can buy. To make your population helping yeah like if its. If you higher countries. Food supplies, twinkies, you do not have food security an abundance of its peoples.

To a very easily its powers fordable for everybody, but it's not Tricia's yet or if your country nothing but like the finest fruits invention and proteins only the very wealthy have access to it because it's too expensive. Well, you don't have food security So according to the U N, if you have food security and a nation. All people all times have Call social and economic access to sufficient safe, nutritious food that mean their dietary needs and get this food preferences yeah for it, they ve been healthy life here, which We will talk about Ethiopia some later, but at one point The goal was which they you know never met. Was that not only will they have food one day readily available but be altered. What they wanted to eat right like this, I do think about you. I take it for granted now here in the United States, and elsewhere, not just having. But, like oh I'm, only to eat this or that right now.

Are its allow things can affect this. Food security arm organ talk about all these is through, the show as they relate to famine, but obviously you think of natural disasters first and probably drought. First, yet that's a big, It is a big when the undeniably, if you dont, have water and rain, can grow crops usually now crop blight. We'll talk a little bit about the details famine in Ireland later on but any kind of disease. Past even like over abundance of weeds, could conceivably ruin cropped. Flooding extraordinarily cold weather, extraordinarily hot weather, will to say weather patterns in general, yes, severe weather and then a big one, which a lot of people a lot of you Think mainly think of natural disaster, Yours or natural factors, and not political conflict is one of the big big big.

Tributaries so heresy. This of overcoming too, though, eventually is there is a big debate on what causes famine and for many many years. Everyone said well, don't be dumped. Droughts cause famine by studies Not much more. Recent days have found that actually is kind of people. The curtain, a little bit yeah. There was a drought and it started the fame about what actually cause the famine. Yet what caused it to be heard, all, is usually government, either government has bungled. Something or just is a move to actually care to do anything to alleviate the families will see you're what I other from reading. This was most famine, throughout all of history is, has been caught by natural factors, but modern famine, like from the nineteenth century on, has largely been that plus government factor yeah, that's on about right,

I think the very presence of famine in the glass lies era is just because of governments, screwing things up Yes, because there is enough food to feed everyone at this point by an enough of a tree, supply lines in government aid agencies and Ngos who are working to get that food to those people in the high seas that a lot of time, there's people standing in their way. Yes, Another big can be sort of a domino effect to so many have. Food security in one place, to crumble or way Then you have another country nearby. Maybe may starts piling for themselves fewer exports and protecting their own population, then that drives up process prices for people that were depends on importing that food, and it just starts this big vicious cycle right exactly

in two thousand and eight there were food it's in Bangladesh, in Haiti and Egypt. You remember that is a right right. Cause of rights, but the global food price head like that when they look at food prices, they look at baskets of of foods around the world. Put together and say: this is how much food costs these days. It right between two thousand to two thousand eight food prices rose a hundred and forty percent more globally and a lot of forgot priced out of the market and when they looked what happened? Perilously? Seventy five percent of that price increase was due to using food for biofuels like using crops. That normally would have gone to food we're being used to create energy like biofuels right, yes, and so that drove grain prices up through the roof, because better it has got involved and food was being

averted from the food supply into the energy supply, and then cropland was being increasingly diverted to produce stuff. The energy supply as well it had a huge effect that just drove prices up around the world. One of the big problems that can tribute. Famines is will see in alone famines there are people still pretty. Sing, food yeah for export, yet his can't afford it that are starving, but their country's starving to death here, but they can't afford it because They don't have the money so ts, but the rest of us. You have the money so keep growing that food yeah, it's pretty devastating effect. Yeah in, obviously most devastating fur and yours you're about this. The two groups, the elderly and the young no, but the total number of children, but the state that I have from the U N, the mostly Instead, I have is that one?

One thousand children die of hunger. Every day day. Europe sees every four seconds thoughtful, yet its sobering, to say the least, so you know happens is especially if you're young or year old, Does he said then, and little kids and old people fight it like you know. Parents can- and you know the parents are bad shape to well yeah Guinean Stone great when your malnourished, your immune system serves to decline and when your immune system starts decline. This then disease comes in especially if A group starts to migrate in search of food yeah because then you could be living in unsanitary conditions and everybody lower immune systems and you're basically heard now move moving to a different place to get food

does it consider rip through a population. We in that article out there refugees are not often resettled in you know the most biddable areas near so Having doesn't necessarily help the cause and lotta cases. I was take a break and we're gonna come back and talk a little bit about from the more noteworthy famines throughout his

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right. I said we're going to talk about historical famines. I lied that's coming later, then I guess so we're gonna talk. You sent this great article. What was the name of it, though? If humanity is a history of hunger is written by again a marked Joseph Stern on slate. This is a good one. Yeah yeah he's basically in the belly, saying hey guys, seems to be. This move toward looking at famines. The result of dictatorships yeah get into super interesting, but let's not forget some else. If a little something called global climate change here, because you think Stern perspective Venus and put this explicitly buddy basically says yes, Dick their ships can have this effect and have had this affected, proven but really honestly, that's fair

localize from a globalized perspective, yeah right, if even if just happens in China. That still technically local, as far as the always concerned, and that means that there's other people around the globe that can help the people in China Your beer, Ireland, wherever famine, happens again here, so we ve got stuff in place. If the entire global food supply started become threatened by climate change. The morale toast, I think, is ultimately the mess nobody said yeah and he was kind of sand like you- can set up really well throughout history and then said nowadays you know things have never been better, there's more food than ever supply chain, is more, robust itself we shouldn't- have anything to worry about right by on a global scale, when he said you know, you might want to look at these studies and one of them there was a report from the? U N, Inter Governmental, on climate change- and they said rising temperatures around the globe or cutting into global food supply? I think

so the point now where, if it can, the current levels. There could be a two percent cut in crop harvests each decade moving forward yeah and it may not sound like a lot two percent a decade, the butt be coupled with the rising population. That's problem especially in the short term. You might think. Oh, you can grow more food, more places if, if it's warm things are melting, then drew in Nevada cases here and certainly more co2 or increase yields in the short term, but am in the long term, warming trends will make crops wealth specially near the tropics, as I once said a three four: I'm sorry three degree Celsius, increase in temperature at the tropics could cut corn crops by twenty percent, while so it's you know the real threat? Yeah boy, even without a massive temperature change like better you, an increase in seo to one of the trademarks of

climate change is severe weather which are seeing more and more seems yeah too much severe weather is not an arena for crop. Yeah yeah, orb either one over like a couple year period now, you're not going to be able to grow crops are growing season, is gonna, be shortened or the whole Will this be wiped out right there at the end? Who knows well and then. The other thing you need to think about which he points out is where we can our way out of this right, like technology will take care of it always yeah and the study for NASA there's more dire when for NASA than even the? U N one faced with this we're screwed and then ass. One says: technological change tends to raise both per capita resource consumption and gale of resource extraction, basically meaning it. A sort of a net net like we can inventor way out of it right, like weeds

never told a point where we run out of resources. Yes, then, were toes yes. So there is a big threat from climate change forward. Stirring saying is actually kind of retro to tell you the truth, because up until the last couple DEC Aids everybody looked at famine is strictly a a natural disaster. Yeah ended it started to become increasingly apparent, what kind of a man made disaster famine be especially people started to look at China is great famine, yeah back as part of mouse Cultural Revolution so check China I didn't really realise this. I dont think I don't know all about it either. There is they are something called we now took over in the countries took over China. Nineteen forty nine one, things that mouse set its sights on german mouth. Mousie. Don't was that

wanted to show the West just have Communism was the same dream of Stalin, but he also wanted to be the top guy in the communist world too. So you very ambitious in one of the ways to do that was one of the same path it sullen had followed, which was well a lot of agriculture. Here, let's use our agriculture to find in finance, Industrialization Yathrib image this system, we're gonna. Take these old agrarian backwards ways weaken it put him together in this great communist away, arrogance who is as much productivity item as we can on all that money into the workers? in the cities. We're gonna meet China, the glorious leader of the world, ever going to catch up the productivity to the our activity of the UK or the? U S within ten years, five years, which

in say: yeah called the great leap forward and it was a five year plan which you're right it was it was, I mean Ambitious. It was what it was was a disaster in the making, because what happened was especially when you live under someone? Might MAO Tse Tung you're gonna have people that are. To tell the truth about what's goin on so what happened from the very beginning is officials either driven by fear or just because they are so caught up in the movement started. Exaggerating reports of crop success. Like they were literally reporting like three to five times what they were. Bringing in with their crops and then the These came along and basically took those crops to the urban centres and kill if anyone who had opposition to this. Why think there the killer locally to like if you're gonna say no, this guy's lying about crop yields area by the local people. It would take care of you. You just disappear,

and so what happened in nineteen. Fifty eight is an actual quote they turn said to distribute resources evenly will only ruin the great leap forward when there is not enough to eat people starve to death it is better to let half the people die so that here can eat. Their fill says very right here is very clearly a man made famine like they were aware of it we wonder like. Why were they coming to grab the green? Well green had turned from something that people produced locally for basically local consumption there into a national commodity? There was used to feed these workers and then to sell on the global market to finance the glory revolution right? So when the green was turned into a commodity and forgiven quotas to meet you want to get ahead, you could to say: are we had this great great yielded this year, so we ve got all the screen and they cases where the chinese government would come in

position more green than the the cooler than they had been made even grown that year, based on these false reports right, so people sorry to starve. Clearly MAO had no problem with it, because it was the people out. In the end there was farmers, yet the workers who are starving and three years, the lowest number anyone's willing to say of the total number of people who died in three years from this famine? Is fifteen in people yet ass. The That's what the chinese government itself officially has yeah I've seen numbers, I seen it little population loss, and that means thirty, five million deaths and forty nine people that weren't born, because of all this area, so total population also seventy five million It still apparently like looking today. It is very taboo, even talk today in China and they d- they call it a famine, they call it.

Three years of natural disaster or three years of difficulties right they caught capitalized yeah yeah like Leslie Heisel name here, so amazing yeah. And apparently the em they're dead, talk about it, it's it's not obviously not taught in schools, certainly not taught as the The result of it Calamitous government Paul see here is that same government. The communist party still in charge there but yeah there was a huge, enormous famine and scholarship on that started to open people's eyes How human intervention could make a famine much much worse same thing with the opium as well. If Europe is almost famous in a weird way for fur famines. Yet especially like you said if you grew up in the eighties of assorted, the face of food

Anne and drought was Ethiopia. Man. If you go back in back in time, Prime Minister Melis Zan AOI, this is what more than twenty years ago at this point, and when I mentioned earlier, what is vision for the country? He said you know open ten years that Ethiopians, what three times a day, and after twenty years now, you're gonna have enough food, but they're gonna have the luxury of choosing what they eat. He was office for twenty one years before he died in power and things these days aren't hole at that. No, so am I learning by Ethiopia and their famines- and I was thinking like loud- they must have just the worst whether they ve got the worst luck with other ear turns out. No, they had the worst luck with governments yeah. So They had a famine in nineteen. Seventy three that the government based just covered up. The other one

famine, yeah and in that three hundred thousand people died even though there were there was action plenty of food the reason the family come along was because food prices have increased a little bit but the people in the wall, a region were so poor They couldn't afford the food that was even available to them yeah, and this nineteen seventy three the same year, that emperor highly Selassie spent thirty five million dollars on his eighteenth birthday celebration they certainly before starting the can become clear. What's goin on famous famine famous here in the west than eighteen. Eighty, three to eighty five famine. Everyone who is funding that that was when bandaid came out there that do they know it's Christmas song yeah had the lie. They consider feel Collins. Flu

Concord from London, Philadelphia to play to show the same night. Do you remember like eight? How old are you. You personally, for I was eight happening like did you watch it? I remember the Phil Collins thing for she'd: does he left No, I told you remember. I was baby sitting at a summer gay, irregular summer gig, where I would babysit these kids like for half days like money through Friday, and I was baby sit these kids and we watched live aid, members in, of course, full Collins, sure I remember seeing amazing performance by queen oh? It is still like one of their like hallmark performances. Was there live aid, but go. It was like it was all over the place. You a safer Africa. There was one of the big causes because of

famine right and I was greatly there was all these great pictures, not great pursued with their picture spread far and wide. There were waking up the Westlake Geysers, a huge problem. You gotta give an Bandy and live aid raised a hundred and fifty million dollars in nineteen. Eighty four fur famer relief in each in either here they had a significant impact yeah, but what no one realise, because the reporters were too lazy to report and Government was doing a good job covering up this famine was not. The direct result of drought, crop failure, the government was actually fighting a civil war secretly against the what the group that I'll makes up Eritrea yet tree in ethnic group The government was like, nay, palming the crop plants there blowing up. Cargo transports, blow

farmers markets to affect the food supply in the a famine. It was a man made famine, yet not away that in our talked about frivolous spending by the government they spent that year and I think, nineteen, eighty three- they sped between a hundred million two hundred million dollars to celebrate. Tenth anniversary of the revolution, almost up to two hundred million arise. So here's here's the I'm reading this article from spin, I think, has written in eighteen. Eighty six called the terrible truth about band aid, and so at I'm there, a lot of a groups working in Ethiopia, and if you said anything about how the government was taking this like a I am and using it for themselves and not distributing it correctly. There trying to put it and taxes on age so you're into the country just to make money.

For there are, if you said anything you, your group will get kicked out right and apparently medicine sounds frontier doctors without borders had raised the alarms and they got kicked out of Ethiopia and they went to. I've often said hey We know you have a hundred and fifty million dollars that you're about to give to Ethiopia. Let us tell you what's really going on there and then you just wait until there's a stable government to give it to, and he was like, fine I'll, be fine. I'd, rather I'd rather work with these devils and help these people out a little bit. Then then, just not right. A lot of people say that he he was extremely reckless and basically gave a hundred fifty million dollars to an arc government that creating a famine in its own country that a new article NOS four nineteen, eighty six. While I need to check that out, yes call the terrible truth about life.

About bandied about. Banded will there's a great book in the same article, its reference that you sent a Nobel Prize winning economists name a march. Then wrote a book called development is freedom, and basically can it, stop. What we're talking about. Send says that you know authority. Authoritarian systems, but the ones famines, and they went back into the historical investigation and these, the twentyth century famines. Thirty, major famines that happen we're all in countries led by autocratic rule or that were under armed conflict at the time yet and the m. This article from I wish I knew who wrote it. I feel terrible, but it was in half pope, so the eager there, the author said: there's a country right next to Ethiopia that that a lot of the same, whether a lot of the same so conditions growing conditions, Cropland Botswana. They said swan as a democracy

It has been six easier has been since the sixties, and this has been it accuracy. It's never had a famine in its right extorted Ethiopia where you and the whole idea there is that, if resources were not being allocated properly. But would have a voice and change people in power when you're under autocratic rule here either comply, Lee squashed or so regarded that they don't care. If you are dying bicycles, they. They are in power, so they can't do anything to change. They don't need your vote, for your support, got a barrel of a gun at you, that's how they stay in power. Yeah grew cold, human rights Watch, which is great, and I we thought about them before in two thousand, and they did a report called development without freedom. How aid underwrites repression, Ethiopia and it is completely confirm this year, that is its suppression of a people and watching them die and not caring and its going on, so

Take another breakin, then we'll talk about Ireland and then we'll talk about how to combat famines.

This is celebrity acting coach Tracy and I have a brand new podcast dispirited actor. Where I give you the tools to succeed as a working actor, my clients include, must arrives. Fifty sat, Lala, Anthony and Cardy, be just to name. A few here were thought to yourself. How can I learned the craft of acting and break into the business? Well, each week, I'll talk to industry, gaslight casting directors, agents, directors and producers and I'll have celebrity Gaslight Vanessa Simmons, Angela Ye Sean Ringgold and many many more. They will share their failures. Their struggles, Emily triumphs on their journey in this business. These are not just the leading experts here, my friends so weird

He, but one hundred for you all the time so join me on the spirited actor pod cast each week on I heart radioactive apple pod cast or wherever you get your pod gas. So Chuck. I think most people, think of famine if not of Ethiopia than of Ireland, because Ireland had one heck of a famous famine back in the nineteenth century that created ireland- and the Irish, as we know today, yet Potato famine are cohorts our colleagues Tracy and how its the famous in history, glass they do want on. Yeah did a great job. So just on this I recommend. Listen you that, but here's are

We're headed overview this was also called the great irish ram and other famine of eighteen, forty five to forty nine, because that's what happened this was one of the ones that initially was caused by disease, is called late. Blight. And it basically destroyed report of the potato that leaves the routes which I'm feeling a potato. The route is what your after her they had a. I guess old, rainy spring, It's gonna be perfect storm of right and this this microbes showed up from North America accidently for we understand, and so there are three six of years of dead crops- and am One of the reasons why this had such an impact is that by this time, by the middle of the nineteenth century in Ireland, there are laws. Of iron

farmers who were basically subsistence farmers. The lot of farmers in Ireland were small, smaller farmers who are tenant farmers, which means they they they work. The land and they had to give up a substantial amount of their crop yield in this case to Great Britain, held Ireland on a colonial rule at the time the snake you keep a little bit for themselves to keep their family lives, they could come out and work the fields for other day right. Yeah. Most of those peoples depended almost exclusively on potatoes yet not only for income but like what they ate on a daily. Exactly so for their nutrition and not only that, but they they had one that down to just a couple of varieties of potato it. It's like that. With key moi, yet It's bad news if Disease

strikes her or blight, or something like that, and if you ve got just a couple of varieties in your dependent on that as a nation and they're both susceptible of that blight. Yet in your your screwed right and that's exactly what happened here, it said in the early eighteen forties, almost half iris population depended almost exclusively on the potato for diet, and especially the rural poor farmers and an eighteen, five that strain on call their Fido Fido Fora. I think so it's gotta, be some silent letters in their new there's? A lot of in its drawing together vital fora, and dumb, like you said that came from north, America in everything does rotted, and this was natural part of it. So then you have England. The controlling body like to step in and do something any kind of did but not a lot of tuna

Agreeing coming our way yeah that was in premised anymore, Sir Robert Peel, and he. He provide a little bit of relief. He authorize import of corn from United States help to avoid a little bit of starvation. But it was certainly not a problem. Solver now and again, they were really did say: we're sorry you're having these travellers will see what we can do, but keep those drain imports coming, yeah guess just like in their wallow famine Ethiopia there were it places in Ireland where the there grain in abundance, but the people growing, the green couldn't afford it. Yes, so because the people elsewhere we're having problems with the potato crop. The price of I was going through the roof because there is less food overall and the people back in great Britain. They'll typically had money to pay for this food, so they were putting the stuff out of Ireland during a famine for their own consumption,

including livestock, which must be fed that grain. So to add insult to injury. They were saying you guys, starving over their keep exploring that grain, but feats it's your livestock and then export the livestock to a seat. We are not only that it was too compounded, it's like so frustrating to look at like the modern lands of like things that they could differently, but that these poor, more like. You said that there were farming a lot of time on farms on by british absentee landowners. They in farm all of a sudden, so they were getting paid, so they may in turn, couldn't pay rent that do the landowners right, and so they were based evicted. Hundreds of thousands of tenant farmers were evicted under these years, and those in eighteen, thirty, four there was something called the british poor law enacted. Nineteen. Eight in Ireland that said able bodied indigents were sent to the workhouse

then given relief. So now, your sent to a workhouse you're, not even like farming, the land they lived on to provide revamp right, which is a terrible, terrible move in any famine and part of the spiral at spiral out of control of famine is something called livelihoods shock when farmers who and still can see Lee grow food get priced out of their own accord, and yet they cannot to work any longer. You you're food supplies, taking a further hit which you should not allow to happen, but the Government definitely did allow it to happen The guy who came after John Peel, a robber appeal, not John Peel. After Robert Peel, Lord John Russell. He did even less than peel, did you basically kicked it? to Ireland to deal with, but still

give us you're, you're export that grain to us and we'll just leave it to the free markets. If ever leave. Dealing with famine to the markets to hammer out. You have dictated all responsibility for dealing with that famine, yeah, that's not okay to fit the markets are equipped to deal with. A famine The famine happens when the markets breakdown right, and you need assistance to correct that right. Then this work itself out, So you know Ireland already is not so happy to be under the thumb of the british this got even worse when there was a sort of attitude among for the elite of of England that You know what this is. This is really just a sort of a correction, because you know those irish all they do is how children far too many of them anyway, these poor irish people have been killed so this sort of unnecessary correction,

In the long run, the apparently at the time that was a bit of the Turkey of the intellectuals of England yeah. So that's not gonna. Do yourself any favours as far as getting along? No one in the other things that happen. It was a consolidation of wealth like all of those small farms that were that people are getting kicked off of couldn't pay the rent, the their landlords couldn't afford. Farms any longer either because they were unable to collect, rent, great and so wealthier landowner said. Your farm in your farming you're following your farm in your family here go by some corn indicative the soup kitchen over here, then they put Geller, so these small farms there. Finally communities Our single large farms own by single wealthy landowners as a result, is kind of like that if there's blood in the streets by real estate right? That's what those guys we're doing there. Not cool in the end, they set up a huge effect on that.

I mean the way to put this article, the demographic history of Ireland directly calls from the famine their population of about eight point, four million in eighteen. Eighty, There are eighteen. Forty four fell to six six million just seven years later, and about. A million people died literally just died from starvation and the time Ireland achieved independence and nineteen twenty one and fighting one on. The population was barely of what it was in the early eighteen forties YAP Because- and I didn't not supposed to happen- death and emigration, yet people are another, two other think: a million die in another two million emigrated answer now York, city baby. He found New York to be New York, yet so we ve got we ve got a pretty good idea of what famines are, how they happen. There is Its struggle between how much of it is man made how much of it is Natural

the combination of the two time. But how do you prevent something like a famine, chuck well there's a lot of controversy. There's a lot of controversy surrounding it. Alot of people rightfully are saying the even aid, Herbs like what we're doing is putting a band aid on something and they're not like getting to the root of some. These problems. Yet an aim is great. You know what's keeping people alive and I think do that now, but it's not addressing the real problems right and apparently the real problems are autocratic. Rule want one of Virginia another one is. You know just food education: there are food for work. Aims which apparently, are woken up. Pretty so have you know think they will deliver some food aid to get people able bodied enough to work and then try and get people working on interest. For jobs in the country,

Since for food yeah in exchange for food- and I would imagine money- for sure, but I think it straight up food, I wonder, yeah maybe it seems like a combination, the two or maybe not another one. Is it now early warning signs yearly. They have different. Else now of food security, the kind of guy age where a country is as far as is through spiral towards fan yeah. I don't wait till you ve seen the UNICEF commercial right before you but not only that you government of this the this, the people that are about to enter into a famine. You need to do certain things like there's. A famine in is Ethiopia is on the verge of another one again right now and power the problem. Is the government denied

This was that this was happening, that there's gonna be a family, severe food security here, and they said that the author of the authorities pointed out now there's plenty of food, but it's expensive in a lot of places. So that's not food security and they didn't do, and I think they didn't tell cattle herders- to move their there her. Closer. Do reliable water sources. They didn't their steps actions that governments they care about other people or care at least about the food supply, can take and there early warning signs, and apparently they are born out of famine codes from tenth century India. Really India had a string of families in the nineteenth century. It killed like seventeen million people yeah. So they really sorry to pay attention to what made up the warning a fan of famine

well there's something it was created. Nineteen eighty five and it may be based on what you're talking about called the famine early warning systems networking and they monitor these trends in food prices. Food security and basically you can compare it to other years other areas and right now, because I want to see like kind of what the currents of the world was either Global alert urgency, food assistant needs and needs are. Sudan it and these four areas. Right now, Nigeria, Yemen, South Sudan and Somalia are the most, the areas of the highest concern and has the reasons of concern right here, Nigeria, the Boca harem conflict there, that right, yeah, doesn't have to be a dictatorship. Being lazy, you can be in the middle of a war torn country and people are growing crops like

normally do in a war is not on so there's one in Yemen. Extensive conflict is reduced. Incomes and food prices remain elevated South Sudan conflict severely disrupted trade, humanitarian access and livelihoods. Family Somalia, some was the only one of the four that seem like was an weather related that the December an aspirin the EU. Why are season there too rainy seasons? The deuces animal their dear dear season and apparently they both then below average so, it looks like in Somalia due to rainfall elsewhere it in a conflict. Conflict conflict you care, if you wanna help. If you want to make a difference, look her do your research find and a group that you feel good about and give money give time do something. Don't you sit back in a big MAC and forget about it,

Agreed you, I know more about famine. You can type that word in the search bar has two reports that come since I said, Search Bernstein, listen mail. I think this trumps homelessness. Surely we won't get an email saying that people deserve Joel, desert die every for. Second, if we do they'll all start with, I believe in a vegetable guy We call this one. Whatever happened to Superfine Sarah Remit that Sir Sparrow, the amazing twelve, your fan right, so I listen do several podcast per day guys learn something into drown out the buzz of the office. I work in going through, so many that I had caught up to the present, forcing dig way back to the archive and said waiting this one, so he sandwiches right. That's one way to do it. The end of the progress in two thousand ten about grandfathers diets in our lives, fascinating by the way.

This June two thousand ten, you got an email from our Sarah who had been listening to the show since she was eleven time. She was thirteen you mention should go to we'll graduation be the keynote speaker. Yours doing us. Well, twenty seventeen. My math, is right. Zira is twenty years old and half. You college, so crazy. So I hope you guys don't feel to all that I think is sectional accomplishment you're still doing the show more money. Ever keep up the good work, Josh, Taylor and Josh. You know about Sarah. Sadly, we haven't heard from Sierra in year Cyrillic that giving tree get ditched. She ditched us and or she does still listens and doesn't right in Spain, a cool Maybe so, while she is she now, twenty years old right, it's not super cool, still be the Sarah, the amazing seven year old era. Let me help you.

Millie old pseudo uncles, but Sarah, if you're out there it s up. Yes, a high citizen email, we with love, love, love to hear from you will even guaranteed read it on, and you know it that goes for you to SAM who isn't haulage summer of San SAM. So our younger listeners, like the drop me get about it, is the truth so sad, but then they turn thy forty fifty he'll come back with a full they'll, be back. If you want to get in touch this for a while make us feel pretty good, then forget about us. You can start by tweeting tourists as why escape. I guess you can join someplace with that comes, I studied you can send an email, stuff, podcast, the House of lords. I come in join us at home on the web stuff. You shouldn't.

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