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I'm clean from, I think that's what people leprosy where they had to say like ring a bell and say unclean walk through town avoid them. I knew about the belt early said the story. I mean why so he says it all. You really does leprosy fleets stigma yet why Hansen's disease they think, is the proof turn for these days. Is it I knew it was called that, but I have like every article I saw didn't even mention that none of the huge whose preferring it must mean, Mr Hansen, I guess who ever he is wise- a nineteenth century. I think I'm swedish danish physician. I was at the deal the guy who decide to who discovered the actual bacteria gotcha that that does it yeah.

Because we're talking leprosy in its of bacterial infection. After all, yeah, I think when folks here the word leprosy or leper colony the allotted time main anyone know what the heck it is and, yes, we should start off were just talking about the disease. A little bit ancient disease. I actually found something from the beginning of two thousand and fourteen and they discovered a new, a new form of leprosy area new to humans, but is actually very all, but the fact that they can take this new form. The newly discovered formula and compared to the one we ve known about for centuries, yet there they actually found that the fact that the I verged so long ago makes of suspected it's possible that Leprosy Hansen's disease is the oldest infectious disease to humans around. While

yeah. I think that it definitely originated in Africa that travel there. With humans in over many waves that went out of Africa Desert spread around the rest of the world and one of the tell tale signs that its extremely old is that it only in fact humans. As far as we know, it does in fact any other animals except supposedly armadillos, and they think that yeah armadillos caught it from humans is recently is a hundred or two hundred years ago. While that's why? If you're gonna see leprosy in the United States, you're probably gonna find it in Texas or Louisiana Keziah armadillos crazy, we're there is leprosy. Here I get some. I bet most people think that it's not in the United States at all, but it is its super rare, the CDC get about a hundred new cases a year in the? U S, which is super super LAO.

And only about twenty to forty of those are people born in the United States like use the other forty two sick, eighty, I guess are bringing in from another country- oh god, and have it for years without knowing it, because leprosy generally takes forty six years to manifest itself. I seem ten to twenty. While we can't take that long, but generally forty six years, which is a big problem sure, because first of all its it's rare, but even in the parts of the words, not all that rare like you can be infected with leprosy, like you for many many years, and even if you do certain show symptoms, they don't just automatically point leprosy. They can be skin, rashes, respiratory problems or something like that. So, by the time the doctor says, oh, you have Hansen's disease a year in big trouble or it used to be the case

yes, but now it is completely curable, which is great news. It is also not contagious at all. Hardly ninety five percent of human beings have a natural immunity, so the biblical time observer of and then the middle ages were lepers were and we'll get to others, but when they were fought like if you come anywhere close that you're gonna get the spread of diseases never been true. Yet the thing is is ancient. Is leprosy is They still are know exactly how is transmitted, yet they assume that its transmitted, like most other bacterial infections like either through saliva mucus he sneeze, or something like that or through cracks in the skin, and I saw both that it's either very hard to catch or it's not that

hardly cats. I saw that it doesn't live outside the human body for very long or it can still remain potent in like this, basically on some sort of surface or whatever airily yeah, but that, though, the last idea that it doesnt serve that it doesn't stay active outside it body for very long is supported by the fact that they ve never been able to cover the leprosy vaccine because it can exist outside of the human body, which is another idea, Another reason why they think it's very ancient human disease because it specifically tailored for humans- and you know how it works. Yeah sure Well, if you want to talk about how it actually what it is and then how it affects you yeah,

Well, it is their little microbes, called Micro, bacterium, library, L E, p, r, a little tiny rod, shape microbes and they in fact the body and you will get swords and nerve damage and muscle weakness and you're you're gonna not be able to feel pain which leads to more problems like you will end up getting amputations because of gangrene cause. You injured your toes earlier. Your hands you don't even know it in the way that it does that on a cellular level. Is the the leprosy bacterium hijacks? What are called your Schwann cells? You should find cells, they too

we make some sort of fairy coding for you, muscle and nervous system tissue right, and it turns Schwann cells in the stem cells, which is pretty magical. If he asks me and it says, go forth and go in fact, the muscle tissue of this human and by sea what we can do so like again, the it's basically perfectly tailored to infect in hijack the human body. In effect, you in all these horrible terrible ways like it shortens your fingers is one of the sun, yeah, meaning that they just kind of start going back like pencil nubs that have been chirping too many times here it was, if you're, a biblical scholar you have seen the were leprosy a lot in the Bible, but it did

a thoroughly mean this specific disease could have been a variety of things like eczema or cirrhosis, because the word leprosy in the king, James Bible, in Hebrew, Sir Ass, could be of a host of diseases that can make you look gnarly right out idea, but there is a passage in at least in, I think Leviticus with his old man, and it says that you Hebrews are supposed to keep an eye on anybody who has a skin sore and if that skin source starts to spread. That person is the leper in there to live outside of camp. This kind of an early understanding of contagious disease yeah faded certainly know what it was her what was going on, but they knew enough to say

You hang out over their right because we ve seen before that. If people with hands disease hang out with their various other, people can catch it and that was the beginning of what would end up being leper colonies, and I will talk about that- a little more right after the spring Sir hey everybody. I want to talk to you about your website that doesn't look good and this hard to program because square space does it better yeah they do square space is this amazing magical tool that you can just basically good people. And all of a sudden, you have a website to do whatever you want with you can use it to sell stuff. You can use it to tell your world about all the great thoughts you have and now Skurse based also offers email campaign, so you can take. Business embryo it up here we square space herself are very popular as well as K. Live website keeps track of

Oliver comings and goings and Oliver alive shows- and it's always a Jew way to go in there and update the squares basic causes so easy, and it always look so great and it makes me feel smarter than I am yet they offered customizable lay out powerful, editing, mobile editing, not just for your website, but also for email campaigns to so go check. It out, go to square space, dot com, slash stuff today, so just go to square space. Dotcom flushed. Today for a free trial when you're ready to launch everyone use the offer code stuff to save ten percent on your first just a website or domain square space just go check it out. So at first there were no leprechaun per se, they were generally shuttled to the outskirts of the city in London, Queen

in that Matilda and one one one, eight did I guess, a camp that people could still come back into town and like beg for money and stuff, but they were always to go back to their camp at the end of the day, yeah. This is basically open land. It wasn't necessarily like some awful place to be a lot of times like these wealthy landowners. Would and now this land to keep these people there get the big they were sequestered ostracised you just kept outside people with leprosy, effectively formed of culture or a subset of the population so would have like say in a medieval town like the jeweler section and the leper section and then like the

blacksmiths or whatever the executioner had to stay outside ancillary, just nobblers for them right but I mean they were like a subset of society and they were frequently the butt of all sorts of reins of terror. Sure like people would be like was the everybody's getting sick So somebody poison the wealth and it was probably the lepers nonetheless, although I prefer to be rounded up and killed so lepers definitely were subjected to execution. As recently is, I think I saw the nineteen thirty seven and nineteen thirty seven in China. Soldiers were like hunting down lepers in executing for being lepers yeah Meaneth think we talked about this a lot on the show. People fear what they dont understand as a society, and they did understand that preceded it. Nowhere came from not it might be hereditary, they thought it was super contagious, like just touching someone would in fact you

and so in just because the appearance that someone with leprosy would have bitten you know they didn't want to see him. They wanted them away, so they could be infected and they didn't have to look at it right. Ok, so the thing is is up until the nineteenth century basically little. Although they were a subset of society, they were still technically part of society. Leopards were even though they lived on the outskirts away from tat. There are still part of society in the night, century there is a movement basically say like you don't want you to have anything to do with us any longer. Yet, like you go over there like you're, not a part of our society any longer year, you I think this go away forever and there is, Surely a law in illinois- I guess in Chicago an ordinance, it was called an ugly law yeah and eighteen eighty one said the

any person whose disease or deformed so as to be unsightly disgusting object has to stay away off the streets and away from public places. Gap is italian, Och in Chicago. So I do not see eye to eye here. No longer are you allowed in town they bring for all I care we decided like. We don't want to look at you any longer, so you are not a part of our culture. Any longer knows in Chicago alone, this does happen elsewhere. There was an outbreak in the eighteen, It is in Hawaii here and the hawaiian government said he, I think we're gonna. Finally, just say you guys can't be part of our culture any longer, and so they made leprosy a crime. So if you had leprosy, you were a criminal and therefore you could be excluded,

it'd ostracised banished as under law yeah. That was when it was who I was an independent monarchy and in eighteen sixty five. They pass the act to prevent the spread of leprosy and, like you said that, it is well have been. They were criminals and, as the article opens up, in eighteen. Seventy nine. They describe a night in January, where they please surrounded up. A bunch of people with the stricken with leprosy and basically sent them off on a boat to Color Papa Peninsula, and this. Is your new home and you're not ever gonna leave, so it makes the the analogy of a prison, but it points out that In a prison in get visitors- and you may get out one day when you're Senate's runs out, he had leprosy, you could get have any contact, and you are therefore life were very, very messed up near an apparently Whitford

leper colonies that were run like prisons, where the the patients who are treated like prisoners they were being attained. Do you like a hospital? Now it was like you in jail yeah that there was a particularly difficult for say like the warden of jail, because you couldn't you couldn't use the same kind of carrots and sticks that you couldn't typical prisoner yeah because There was no hope that you ever going to leave the leper colony, and that was part of the point like it was your relationship with society at large, with severed and you are never coming back. Kids were taken from their families. A very young age is like knowing that they were never going to see them again. Yet this one,

That was a quote from a superintendent of a south african leper colony on Robin Island. His name was SB empty and he said in his notes and eighty nine is you can not starve them. You cannot fly them. I can do is deprived them of their liberty, which is really sad yeah. You know so a lot of a lot of places set up actual prisons inland But a lot of countries said the island over there that nobody wants to make that electrically. So their places in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean in the Pacific off of South Africa, like you just said, but one of the most famous leper colonies of all time was that one, I think it's cold oh papa, collateral, Papa, if I know my native, why it will be collated, Papa Peninsular, Molokai and in eighteen, sixty six

a year after the enacted, their leprosy criminal code gear in Hawaii, they set it up and it was- different because you didn't need any fences are wall, anything like that. Just the natural surroundings, there was a peninsula, yes said, surrounded on three sides by water. Then it just so happens that on that forced side there was connected to land. There's a sheer two thousand foot cliff. Yes, they were trapped, they were chat, but they were trapped in Paradise in it had an effect had a different effect. It did, and we will talk about that, hello, stuff, you should know listeners. Do you want a new year's resolution? That's easy to keep yes resolve to help, your identity and personal info with lifelike identity theft, protection, lifelong alert, you to potential threats, to your identity and they see more, though what you can see by just monitoring your own credit like your info on the dark web and that's a big deal,

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Our rampant and though a belgian born roman catholic priests, name, Reverend Joseph De Vista, who went by Father Damien, and he really made a huge difference and the life these people. Try to make it is normal for, like a village as he could, you know they built the schools, they built churches He started choirs in planting trees started band. They gave these people alive you like as much of a normal life is like it. Have you treated them like people yeah, which, like human beings, yeah so notice, human beings, but also people who had an infectious disease like patients yeah patients could still walk and talk and move around and in needed some sort of destruction of some sort of fulfilment, followed and came in and gave us to these people. He also badger the government for money, which was good because they are actually had an advocate for the first time, yeah.

It is basically like the fifth Avenue irregulars, but the leper colony in Hawaii. Yes unfortunately, very sadly, Father Damien himself got leprosy and died at the the age of forty nine in eighteen, eighty nine, but he was canonized as a saint Saint hundred twenty years later, during the big saint sweep of oh nine. So that was that's a pretty need ending to that sorry for him the leper colony and Collateral Popper Peninsula Empire myself saying that that is now a national park is created returning to a national park in nineteen eighty, but the crazy thing is it there's still people that live there at least, as recently as two thousand three would mean people that live there like people with over, yeah. Ok, there's a guy! I saw, I guess in two thousand three: there are a lot of people that were there were told they could leave or something

this waiting for the last generation to die out, and they said you know what we ve got. The thing can elect here in the United States So you guys wanna leave go ahead and some people said eyes my literally my entire life. Here I don't want to leave. This is my home. So it's a national park with inhabitants which is rare yeah The point in the nineteen twenty is in the: U S, we started to change our tuna little bit and the? U S public health They said you know what. Let's start a lever: money in Carvel, Louisiana, that's actually hospital of sorts where we drive these people and dry, make their life better and defined, try and find a cure, which is, I think, what direction led to the first drugs in the nineteen forties being established. One called problem in that, apparently the pretty nasty way to treat it because the injections were so painful, but it was a good start, so

it was painful. Apparently they figured out, but it wasn't about it. They did work and they figured out there. You added it to a cocktail of other drugs. Apparently it was easier to take, because those impel form, I think, is what they changed it to around the fifties there, sixties and then they added it to other jobs, because the the bacteria was starting to get resistant to this antibiotic alone right. They came up with a cocktail in the sixties. Germany's and now have a regiment that can cure cure leprosy in six months in it all came out of it leper colony, Carville Louisiana. There's a really really neat documentary called triumphant Carville about that about how this place in Louisiana was the place where humanity licked

Percy and its carver Louisiana is named after James Cargoes family and he's in it. He talked a lot about it really, the guy. I grew up like down the road from it. I can listen. Him thought just that accident for sure had loved, but a pair like there is. This cannot open secret. That inhabitants would just leave every once in a while. There is like a bar nearby where they were going like drink beers in everything nicely to sneak out and sneak back in drunk like in the fifties. Whatever it for everybody's cannot let alone, and they do their own thing in Brcko. Now that document. It took obviously a cure for leprosy to begin to change the the stigma and the tide did start to turn on that stigma. Nineteen sixties, leper colonies started to close one by one. I think in Japan, and there were one of the last nations to quarantine patients, They ended in ninety. Ninety six

I think in Romania, there is still one colony where supposedly there are a few elderly patients still there India's, where it's a huge problem, still not a huge problem but the biggest problem. Well, there's a blog debate over just how big the problem leprosy is. Apparently the World Health Organisation has said. Basically want to eradicate leprosy, yeah, and so a lot of people I'm a fudging, the numbers is one doktor put it like. The best way to eradicate the disease is stop reporting right. So there's between say, I think the World Health Organisation as a whole- thousand two hundred fifty thousand new cases a year and this one doktor, who admittedly has to do with this leprosy vaccine says. I think it's more between, like a million in two and a half million new cases, a year of those new cases

I thought there were less than two hundred thousand period had their reporting is all over the place in its questioned. That's all I can say about that. India, Brazil in Indonesia, the top three countries in in India there's a colony and kissed her pogrom, your New Delhi and its. It still has stigma. There there there are people there that are curative leprosy that stay there, because their families don't want them back. If you have leprosy, you Who are still likely be ostracised away from your family because it has they just think it reflects badly if you have like a boy and a girl in the boy has leprosy in the girl doesn't like that girl wanted me able to find a husband because the brow Oh really, law has leprosy, so they're still sending them back closed doors, which is super sad because it's just a disease like any other, and it's very treatable. It's because of the stigma of how it makes you look.

And I saw the saying those in it. In an Ohio prison this week that was just treated for leprosy. Why, he was just discharge from our housing medical center, how State University medical Center, the house they met with energy, and fan, and he was just treated fairly, he days. Apparently, once you start this drug cocktail, they can carry on six months, but you're, not even infectious after, like a few days of it. While so they put him back in the prison in heap, he had it before he get out years may get it and armadillo or something now he was. He was from my I think, Micronesia, so heat they think he got it. They're brought it over here didn't know he had. It ended up in jail, mature, it's what he's in jail for men but am not for having leprosy another, not not in the? U S body,

but the best who said I need new, going back to jail, nothing to worry about, going back to prison, use like great yeah thanks and I'm sure the prisoners are probably worried because they don't listen to the spot, cast yeah. Well, some under this probably worked in his advantage. He Alec stay away from that gusher unless he said lonely, then that's different. So if this can guide to you and you. I do somethin world leprosy days January, twenty fifty thousand fifteen the trite willow early were kick off world leprosy. In November If you want to know more about leprosy or handsome disease, you can type either one of those in the search bar has the worst that criminal bring up. This article said that time for listener male others one hit drummer.

Hey guys. I have no idea how Mr One had wonder by gas from one back until now, but it brought back a lot of memories. I wasn't a ban called ESA. Seventy one which you may remember had a hit called right now, which reach number two on the billboard, modern right, in two thousand fares higher and generally inescapable that summer. There definitely have mixed feelings on the subject, but I have to say had one hit is better than having none universal. I went, listen. I looked it up and I did not recognise added neither an that's, because I don't listen to the radio thing here and in two thousand I wasn't listen to the radio, but it seems like a very two thousand sort, a song when I heard it. You know it fit that time period The video to yeah then do tear. I worked on a lot of videos like that at a time like this, like nervously

ST partying skateboarding, unlike what had gone over acting, although I got a brief small tasted, the sweetness that his fame, it was enough to make me realise that what but I wanted was a very satisfying. The upside was having plenty story to tell, and fortunately I keep a tour journal containing details that have mostly been lost from memory late night tv. They can talk yes spots on shortly. Tv shows several incredible. Gigs can't forget the forty one In Athens, an amazing trip to Japan and one of the strangest experiences ever on German, tv they make for some great life experiences that helps me see marketing for what it is in all its forms: a major label recording experience and the constant during for beneficial from me standpoint, although playing the same bunch of tunes every night, quickly became maddening happy to know that I don't want to be on the merry go round of or tour bus rowing, petri dish,

Unless I'm the one running the show, thanks for great show, please keep at it now. There's so much too. On that day and carbon and that's going to grow on pornography of ESA seventy one. An email and see if you care to say what he's doing Now- and I didn't hear back from him, but I think he must make some dinner Haven't you still drumming and unlike teaching, and am I think he s recording studio? I think he's taken like that road instead of the drudgery of the two of us, are you making all over now? I think that you would have their basic his wikipedia. I get a kiss has gonna say: where else what I find either I thought you'd just making it up with a better thanks lighting and it's pretty cool man. If you had a one hit, wonder would you have no, have when you'd be a one had wonder right in your name is not Lubeck fake, Lou Baker.

To hear from you, you can t to us it s my escape. Guess, where you can say: hey on Facebook, page Facebook that council. So we should now, did you send an email to stuff podcast ass, the first I come and you can just browser off

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