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Second, we're gonna be in Saint Louis. You get tickets on Ticketmaster and on May twenty third we're gonna be in Cleveland and you can get tickets there at play house where the org and then there's one more chuck that right we're gonna, wrap it up in Denver, specifically Inglewood Colorado at the gothic theatre, June? Twenty eight and possibly adding show on the twenty seventh stay tuned, her that gap in UK text at a excesses that council come see us live, will have a good time come on now welcome to stagnation, from House Network, Stockholm welcomed podcast, I'm Josh Clerk, there's Charles the reach of Brian, jerry over their roaring Togo is, which makes the stuff you should know. The ancient Romans were. The Moor house addition could be

I'm polluter. I just saw that that movie networks movie about oh yeah, that guinea, in my opinion, is a good well. The documentary is better hours, Like a bio pick, Mina yeah, it's a movie movie, I gotcha yeah. I judge my what I watch on Netflix to space time like the illustration of the drawing of the art, and sometimes that's a good rule of thumb. In other times is not that when I kind of avoided it because of the art yeah, I mean it's not great. I kind of enjoyed it because I, like other people, can a fancy in someone be bill, Murray and someone beach heavy Chase and John Baluchi, and a little bit of the making of and warehouse and Kadesh ACT, but ultimately the documentaries, much per what's the name of the documentary

drunk stoned, brilliant dead or some combination of those words and yeah. I've come across that, yet it's really good, but of a brilliant and futile gesture, futile and stupid. Gesture yeah, that's right is I give it to stars. I don't know how out of how many there I've just been steady, consuming riff tracks as fast as the clear among Amazon, Prime, really yeah, that's never gets old. It really does it really really does, or a chuck. Now that we ve got enough the initial tangent either introduction There were recommended viewing right. Let's talk, Pompey yeah, cause. I mean that's overdoing today and frankly, it's two thousand eighteen

we ve been doing this for almost a decade. Now we're coming up on a decade in a few months in April, and we this is the first were doing on palm pay, and that is utterly mine me. It really is considering we done shows on both volcanoes and super volcanoes and are our show on tiny volcanoes, her health, as well as the littlest volcano that was so good, it is we are that were finally getting around this yet really is concerned. They didn't like the seven wonders of the times: archaeology stuff. It's it's strange reading. When, on the real Atlantis member that one no, it was a good one, Was it really yeah man? I was like our monopoly. We ve done one on that and looked it up, and yet we shall have to remember that when I was

cowering, my brain, like ok, boy light, was this episode like when we talk about nothing? It's like it. Never happened I mean. Maybe we should just go back and re record some of these for our own benefit and reboot. Our own chair inherit this. For us So I'm ok where we are, finally talking Pompey and to do that we have to go back, you hurry back machine and we should probably bring helmets and the dog attack. Outfits. Those those trainers where yeah and also we need to fuel the way back with olive oil. The on this trip of its neither retrofitted because will be in big trouble. If we don't, let's use the good stuff like the really high greystock. Is it burns my throat, I like them, made grade EEO. So let's say that for eating. Ok used the hi tech stuff for travelling

you don't like really get a look at it. Now I don't. I want to say that I do, but I dont it burns. My throat like when you just do shots of it. You hear that sort of olive oil shot of crank case. So that's why you know they say olive oil before great gay soil, never sicker right now, it's the other, oh god, so the way back machine we have our rescue gear, However olive oil, I third dog, attack gear, sure why? Because the dogs there, no because of the falling pumice in stone, that's about it, hit the area yet, but there I just wondered, could vary

this was a cast of a dog and there is actually a very famous mosaic that says cover economy which is the way of dog and cat. So yet there are dogs there we'll get thing they get that suit the right and are nice dispositions good Doug, okay, so were here, it's pretty. Nice is a very nice area. It's pretty well populated, but this is Pompey itself in pay is one Several towns right around here in the Bay of Naples, and if you look up over here, that giant almost cartoonish leave volcanic volcano over there. He that's Vesuvius yes looming large. It's like an eight year old, drew a volcano and put it in ITALY at the Bay of Naples by Naples, and that's it. That's that's Vesuvius. Its wits called a young strata vote, no that's right, but well. I guess we should go back and listen to volcano

from December, two thousand ten or super volcanoes, yet just last April for those of you dont now Astraddle volcanoes sort of, if you think about the just the run of the mill traditional volcano in a cartoon where it just pops. The champagne bottle. That's strata, volcano yeah, and it's it's actually just built up from previous explosions. Presence of Astraddle Volcano indicates that there has been a lot of it Tivoli in that area and its blown straight up into the air and then come down settle down around it. And now you have a new layer and its builds up as a cone and the thing about the strata volcanoes, like you said it pops, like a cork reason it does. That is because

lava, that's kind of slowly growing and building up over time has gases that it seeks into the rock the surrounding rock. That makes up the volcano right. The trend when those gases finally overcome a certain threshold, the pressure threshold. That's when that court goes off and is about to happen because it's either August or September or October, twenty. Fourth, seventy nine c e and were here in Pompey yeah, and we should also mention to you. There are other volcanoes around. If you look around because is in a unique area of Europe that is covered. Canyon arc, and there are quite a few balky alma, few, but there are several volcanoes Vesuvius, obviously the most active in Deadly Yom, an famous but what the companion arc is or companion is, is there's a process, cults abduction where basically tectonic play

bumps up against another one and move down into the mantle beneath the other plate. That's, what's on here, where the african plate, meeting. The Eurasian played right. So there's like their hot molten earth, that's kind of bubbling up through that seem, and one of those holes is the volcano that we knows Vesuvius right. Yes, ok, sir, We got here just in time to look around for a little bit can take in the the culture. The area before the volcano sphere. Noise it is very nice. It was like a very, very wealthy town but not really an important town as far as the roman empire is concerned, but the Earl there is it inordinate amount of wealthy people and those wealthy people were inordinately wealthy and they

then a lot of money on the town. There's lots of statues everywhere. There is a good number of temples, there's one, the ISIS others. When the Jupiter there's a big amphitheatre, yeah and a big theatre, well to separate things. Yeah, there's one that holds twenty thousand people which, at its peak that's how many people, lived in Pompey, yet which is very democratic, the due to say: hey we're gonna have to show here, and we want everyone to be able to come right in and that that's pretty cool if they did do that, because there is a pretty mixed population and palm pay at the time, Pompey and suburban pay which included Herculaneum Stab here,

and I was the other one chuck. There's politeness politeness near politeness, a cake forget so there's a string of towns, but Pompey is definitely the biggest of all women in that's kind of like the center of the area right. But there is a lot of different people like a different type of people who were kind who kind of gravitated toward Pompeii, it was like a a cosmopolitan area right, so you had wealthy people, you have poor people, you had people from different areas, that's right and it was also kind of the unique for its time and that it was. It was a bit of a resort town XO, wealthy people, all around ITALY, actually, what some of them What have I guess, what you would call, now would be a vacation home in that got me down a rabbit hole of vacationing like winded. That actually begin I had no idea that the people of ancient ITALY, vacation,

Barely it's a thing and even Nero is said to maybe have had a place at Pompey Yes, it's just you know the weather hears lovely, there's a. Why an olive oil everywhere said that big theatre they they built. That said, one day pink, Floyd shall play here, and I watched that echoes video. Like ten times, laws researching this It's pretty cool! For those we don't know pink. Floyd did a very famous live concert. Well, not search concept for no one alive performance in front of whatever fifteen crew people, filming it yet in the middle of the Amphitheatre Pompey, yet little trippy artistic affected, but then David Gilmore. A couple years, I think it doesn't. Sixteen did show there with actual people there it was the first country like attended, concert event there. Since you know the volcano inside it really cool since the eye

but they also ways what kind of sea in a little while they're really gives away like just how accessible palm pay is the excavated ruin city that you could go see a David Gilmore concert there they're like it said, wine and olive oil was kind of one of the main trades, but it was just a very rich a farm land area, because that volcanic soil is so rich and nutrients. And they were right there by the water with the Sarno River and then there on the bay and they just like life living like there was pretty good and even the slaves apparently could earn money and potentially

and by their freedom, which was pretty unusual. I have to say also you mean I went upon pay as I told you, and I can attest about that, that farm land in the fertility of it they have lemons, no joke the size of your head. Like they look like you shouldn't, you shouldn't say, to close to him, would you know you without much limit? I don't. I don't know I mean make lemonade, I guess, if you're an optimist, businesses I give you get one lemon any really got fourteen lemons, pretty much. I think, he's just slowly but surely cut away at it. Squeeze it into your face. Pick up another peace through again gotcha should take a break I'd. Think there we weren't ready for a break until last Jochen earlier so you are it we'll be back right after this and talk a little bit about the eye

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silly good. If you haven't seen the trail is yet there hilarious and available online. Now the gentlemen is in theatres, everywhere January. Twenty fourth be sure to check it out. I shook it. What is the Vienna, the volcano internet Oak, Didn, delays that have been abbreviated or the b o the big one. That's a good one to hear so, let's go with Thea was going to be: oh, ok, so Pompey, it's nice, thriving city of twenty thousand resort area too. And I guess the morning of August twenty fourth and we should say that data is actually up for debate.

Walter? I guess we'll talk about it a little more later, but organ with August. My fourth, because that's the date that still in use there was a rumble from Vesuvius, there's an earthquake in the area. Enough till I get everybody's attention, but supposedly that wasn't a very in frequent occurrence that that Vesuvius caused earthquakes pretty pretty frequently in the region, and it wasn't a big cause. A panic yeah like one reason so many pull died book is, I think, because they were used to that kind of activity and there Like man, a big deal were used to the earth moving at our feet, no reason to flee the town right. There have been a pretty substantial earthquakes sixteen years before, and I think sixty three c e, where they had to reconstruct a lot of stuff like intact temples and things had been knocked down here so that I'm sure they're like that's nothing compared the gold sixty three, the quake, a sixty three yeah and they also they weren't panicked because they

the previous irruptions No one really knew about. There were no records of those. There wasn't even They say volcano. There wasn't a word for volcano right. So it wasn't really on their radar as hey. This thing has happened for on a grand scale. They were just kind of enjoying your life gather weren't cartoons back then, to be like that's a cartoon, actually, volcanic volcano So they would that's kind of ironic to that. They didn't realize that there was a long history of volcanic activity there, because it turns out that modern volcanologists in geologists, an archaeologist pretty sure that there are plenty of and settlements that covered over by the volcano and that by the time upon pay was built. It was built atop. These old settlement said had been covered over, so it's like lost city thanks to the volcano, everybody for

its somebody's like us is a nice area will come bill here covered over by volcano. Everybody forgets in the cycle repeats again and that's where Pompey found itself in by seventy ninety, that's right- and I so on this day the earth rumbles- and I want to direct you to this really great website called open culture and to search destruction of Pompey, open, cultured and they have a video. It's like eight minutes long, which is basically like a it's like they placed a camera in the sea. Gee I world of hey just in traded on Vesuvius and left it running for twenty four hours and dumb. It really gets supporting cross of how destructive this this event would have been ya. Think we think he shouted that very same thing out on supermarket shelves had two of its really cool video. If you have you seen a yet the area after you're shouted out. Yet I watch

again this morning and- and I think just from researching all the stuff- it really drove at home even more. It was kind of unsettling to watch this time. You know for sure. So Little afternoon on the twenty fourth is when this, when this, when the the champagne cork pop and they were not for this, like we said just because, while the aforementioned reasons and the only account or one of the only accounts we have is we talked plenty, the elder and his nephew plenty. Your before they were not there. They were in I see him, which is too far away. It was on the north, western edge of the Bay of Naples replanting. The elder was stationed, plenty, the younger and his mom. Were there as well and apparently, when the started to go down plenty, the elder got a message from afar: and saying hey. Can you come and get me,

going down, and he took off to go and plenty. The younger was like now, I'm gonna stay here. He have, which is pretty smart, move Yan and what's how do you pronounce a town? I'd never tried my seeing him my seen him ok, so he and his mom were there and it's not really close. I mean, as far as like palm pay is concerned, puppies way closer to Vesuvius them. I seen him is based had a in extremely harrowing experience there on my seen, em to just from the fall out from Vesuvius even though Pompey in Herculaneum in Serbia all got the worst of it. Plenty. The yunkers account it's the only first hand account of the eruption of Vesuvius. Then it's pretty scary stuff, like he says, like the the sky, went mark but not dark, like the moon. Was it out there weren't any stars. You said it suddenly got dark, like somebody put

light out in an enclosed room like that kind of dark. Like apparently, you couldn't see people just a few feet ahead of you. They just got real dark room. Fast you and you can. You can read his entire account online, but here's another nice poor quote! You could hear shrieks of women, the wailing of infants and the shell of men. There were some who prayed for death in there air of dying, many besought, the of the gods, but still more, imagine there were no gods left and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness, forevermore, pretty grim she's, so this is again him millennium. I think I'm not saying that right still maximum my seen em in palm pay. The situation is much much worse. Implanted the younger was saying that they were kind of huddled in, I think, a house or something somewhere, but even in this house, the ash that was like accumulating around them and on top of them with so much that they stand up every one to one

shake it off. It was again much worse in palm pay itself, since lotta ash, following in covering people inside their houses and under structure, and either you stay there and start to worry about getting buried or even worse, you, Sir, to worry about the roof collapsing under. Weight of all that gathering ash and pumice, or you risk going out in being hit by one of those pumice rocks which, if you ve ever picked up, a volcanic rocket is whales, it causes very poorest way, lighter than like, I said, Henry Rock of the same size, but you still wouldn't want to get hit in the head by one of those things. After its falling twenty miles out of the sky, and this is actually what they think. I'm the height that this objective coming out of the volcano reached was twenty miles or something like thirty two kilometers, I think yes, oh here's ears, a couple of stats for you, ass was falling at a rate of about six inches and our

which is either, but that's Imagine that his reign and if you ve seen around like that, that's enough! evil amount of rain. So imagine that is, ash lava was flowing at about sixty MILES an hour by the time, it started sailing down the hillside right right, so that so you got a few things you get the first explosion. The eruption where, like you said the court goes off the ejected goes into the air Pliny described, is like a great pine tree with the big law. Trunk and then weigh up high branches out and those are now called plenty interruptions, and then later on from all this activity, the the cone of the volcano collapses

and when that happened it shot out this pyroclastic flow, which is made up of ash and hot gas from between. I think I saw a four hundred and two one thousand five hundred degrees Fahrenheit, which is a substantial amount in Celsius to that's the yeah. That's a translation and dumb it's it's like you said flowing. I saw hundred miles an hour. You some sixty three miles an hour, sixty eight, but I mean that's one of those. That's one of the things that I am sure you know they can't. Really too, exactly, but at any rate it's gonna be for super vast, superfast super hot and they think now before they thought that everybody in Pompey died from being covered in ash. They think now that they actually died much more quickly than that right. When that RO classic flow is anywhere near them, especially when it overtook them. It would have killed them instantly, which actually will see accounts for some of the faces,

that, with that have been found around on on the people of the Pompey. Victims, yeah and they even think and by the way. But we went right past the fact that by recasting flows a great great banning. It really is but they ve been think now that most of them died from head injuries even before that even happen Oh really, I hadn t now and yeah. Well, we'll get to that bothers through the others, a tease, ok, So this is shortly after midnight is when Hercules was covered in obliterated about six thirty, a m. Following morning as when Pompey started getting hit with this flow. The whole thing takes about twenty five hours. For all for about two hundred plus square miles to get completely destroyed, yeah, it's it it in

eighteen hours. It shot out something like one cubic mile of rock and ash out of that volcano. A cubic might imagine, looking up and seeing a mile cube and it is I'll. Coming down on you well in again, seeing and not name like not even knowing what a volcano is right. Yeah! I didn't do anything scarier, I guess, but they'd they must have the world, was ending well yeah, I mean thought there were no more gods. I would guess that that that they would think like well, this is it. This is the end, the mill house, plenty to younger. To wrote about about. Water, the sea retreating is pushed by the earthquakes and so thought now is. Is that it also caused a tsunami at the climax of this and so now imagine you know the Bay of Naples flowing inland while

although this destruction is raining down around you right yeah, then you definitely think, though assistant there's. Actually there is a very famous beach Hercules. Where there's a lot of there were a lot of bodies found and there's a thirty foot boat that was just kind of like jammed up against them, and I guess that would have been from the salami, the brought it in well, that's apparently just a finnish. Plenty, the elder. He did initially, he was gonna, go out and a big boat and cannot just get a better look at what was going on but when he got this message from his friends and hey come rescue, us He got in a fast Poland, fast sailing cutter and which is probably was his end because By the time they got there, the winds were blowing unaware direction. Apparently, the waiting usually blow, it would have blown allied this out to sea, but and usually it was going in the opposite direction that day. So a lot of things here came together, for you know the worst possible scenario, but

supplying the elder gets near by. I think they landed it Papa Papa the Agnes. I think it was a stab here, Oh, where plenty the elder, landed, yeah his friend was pump palm panties. Oh yeah, yeah. Sorry I was who is going to rescue and companion was at stab here. This little super ultra wealthy resort area? Yes, so They couldn't get out of their basically because of their by think their boat with so light, and they kept pushing back in and barely said: hey, let's ride it out here. That's only choice and, he was he'd, be basically die. They couldn't get him up, and the theory for a while that is that he died of inhaling toxic fumes, but now modern historians and scientists Roseanne. Now he was fat and

and of old and out of shape and he died of a heart attack yeah. I think that consensus among historians today is that he was boss. Haug ask yes good way to put it yet, so that's it. That's not a good end for planning the elder, but that's kind of cool to be abolished, like our data. Pompey is it. I was a super famous steered in the roman world. In word, I find my aunt Pompey, another famous thing in Rome in world that are you'd say that kind of thing. I think it's me so plainly the other die piny. The younger live though- and we know about all of this because again he was an eye witness. He was also a hit. Torreon, statesmen, justice all around smart dude, but he didn't write his his letter to Tacitus the historian for, like twenty seven years after the fact weird

and so yeah. I don't know if he just heard Tacitus was getting a history together, anyone to contribute or what what what the difference was her. What the deal is with the gap. But Is a lot of fun. There's a lot of dream about whether his date of August? Twenty fourth is the correct one. Everyone says August. Twenty fourth is because he wrote that in the letter he said that this happened on August, twenty fourth, thing is, is apparently there are other draughts of his letter that same letter that either didn't give the day or gave a different date later on, I think of November fourth and then there's a lot of actual circumstantial evidence that suggests that this actually took place either. On October, twenty fourth or November twenty fourth, rather than August twenty. Fourth, so there's things like there was it there

despite an inordinate amount of pomegranates and figs and nuts found around the town which would suggest that the harvest, it just happened, the autumn harvest, which you wouldn't have done in August. There is a coin that that had a title of seas that wasn't bestowed until September of seventy nine so that coin, yet the question of existing there's so there's all this evidence is coming together. That says, nothing is actually power. He was either October or November, but it's just been August. Twenty four

for so long now that it's gonna be another ten twenty years before everybody's like happen in October and November yeah in truth, be told that sort of one of those things it wonky archaeologists would argue over. I hear it and I take what's a couple of months really enough, but I just think it's it's. It's really fascinating that that they they found a coin and they said okay, this coin should exist in there,

Why is it because there was some there was a like. Britain was conquered by the Romans a little around like a round that time, and so they emitted a coin to honour that and because that coin shows up it in palm pay, we can date. Dwayne Vesuvius erupted more accurately. That to me, is this: just I popping like a little thing like my eyes: good old fashioned police work so either one so Vesuvius spoken Pompiers now gone its covered in something like um. I believe Ten metres like about thirty feet of ashen pumice yeah, I've seen all kinds of at anywhere from like eight to thirty feet, so a lot of feed

Those covered up a lot, and I dont know if we said this or not, but of the twenty thousand people about eighteen thousand of those residents left when there was the first sign of trouble. Because again, Vesuvius gave plenty of warning, but there are about two thousand people in the town upon tee itself when Vesuvius One off had covered the town, but now it's everything's com, it's quiet, Vesuvius, quiet again and Pompey Herculaneum Stavka Applaud they're gone, you gonna think about twenty to twenty five thousand total people in the region died oh really them any her. Yet among that near the two hundred square miles. So so this is, the whole area has just been radically changed, and it there these cities so lost that even the people who stayed in the area and continue to live there. They lost track of exactly where Pompey was they stopped about it eventually there's another city, name Pompey that was

did many many years later. That's the modern, Pompey and ever even reference palm pay. They just called it a large cheetah, the city they. They just knew that there is a large city somewhere in the area and that's how things stayed for about the next term. Seventeen hundred years that right and you I take a break yes all right. Well, I will get into the governor Pompey after this, as one might ask as a matter of retaliation everybody we want to talk about audible, which, just so happens to be the sponsor of the audible audio pioneer award at this year's Iheart radio podcast towards an audible. Gives you the edge by keeping you informed, inspired and entertained on the go. That's right with the audible up, it's easier to get more books in your life. You

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Much as I do, you were back there. So what we ve got here as far as roman history, pre Pompey and postpone pay It focused a light on what would call the important people of society. So military stuff, wealthy people, political stuff, they didn't say like hey, maybe be valuable to record what it's like fur, everyday people of Rome cause. I didn't care, that's why Papa Bay and the three scullery and excavation over the years has been so important is because all of these of these people in and the shops and all the homes and art were really well preserved. Once he started digging into this stuff, which was a pretty room

workable fighting continues to be yet plus some Rome has was around for so long. A has been around for so long that it evolved right so over time. What room once was culturally historically is kind of lost in replaced as the culture itself evolves in ages, and apparently it grew more and more conservative, the longer it was around and one of the things that Pompey also gives us a snapshot of roaming culture before it became conservative and it was hyper sexual at the time when Pompey was covered over those another thing, because at the time until Pompey was discovered, everyone considered Rome, ancient Rome, as is very stayed: conservative civilization, and then they start to discover the stuff from pain relief. Woe over these people into back then yeah, there's a lot of highly erotic, art yeah!

the statue of the God PAN having graphic sex with a goat like up a pretty pretty realistic statue and they on that they dug that upon pay pretty early on and there's fallacies, they found everywhere some people put fallacies on their houses like sticking out into the street. There is pre up which is a lesser God who was up Extraordinarily on willingly well endowed. There is just a lot of fertility stuff in a lot of just explicit sexuality in there in their artwork then, and Rome eventually moved on past that and it had been forgotten until Pompey gave up its secret. Yeah, so. Kind of immediately afterwards up until about the haven't seen hundreds throughout. Unlike us like you, this kind of forgotten for a little while, but during

whole long periods of time. Pompey was kind of centrally rated and again by either. You know, people hunting for bibles or kings and queens who wanted a plundered things, you know like statue, and stuff for their own palaces and this happened again and again throughout history, until about the eighteen hundreds when, like legit, archaeology really started to happen where they could go in there, the name and actually preserving some of this stuff yeah. I think that the earliest ones were the king, the bourbon king, Charles, the third who It was discovered under his watch in seventeen, forty eight and then the French many of the area and by the time they were crazy about archaeology, thanks to their fascination with Egypt, so they brought in some pretty good practices but even still I mean compared to what archaeologists, no

today, this is pretty hokey basic backward archaeological methodology. Yeah, I even when they started to do it right, they disorders advances. We are today Things cannot change for the better when a man name Giuseppe, if you're, really nice? came along and eighteen sixty any said: hey I'm in charge now I'm gonna get in here and try and do it right to be way more. Therefore, my team is going to be more careful, we're gonna record all the oceans of people, everything that we find and that's when it that's when it really legitimized kind what was going on as far as excavation goes I also made his name most famously fur. Ended up being named after him. The fear rarely process is when he saw these. You know You know everything's covered an ash and hardened, so they had They were basically encased in these over the years the bodies would run away, and so they were encased in it.

Hello, cavities. The people were and dogs and in all sorts of animals, said why don't we inject others? Guess this plastered into these cavities and see what we come up with he came up with very famously, were worthy well or the people. Pay like more than a thousand of them, Do you remember our moulder Rama beside it just came out. I do remember that so when these people covered in there in their bodies, rotted away. It left what is effectively a mould and he filled it with that that plaster and made plaster casts of em right in an apparently real detailed ones. I saw him, but I didn't see anything as detailed as like add at points out there. You can see like there. They find somebody had shaved into their pubic care. That's pretty pretty detailed plaster casts of a dead person from two thousand years ago. There was a: u can vary famously

a man like agony on a man's face like you'd, like uses captured at the moment of death, is basically flash frozen. Loudly consoling in carbonate, it was a bit was a huge huge find in it. Just gonna shook the world reproductions and photos of all these CAS became the sincere end of the day, all over the world like it said, there's a of very famous one of a dog. Arriving in pain on his back, it's one of the more sad ones. It look like a collar onto the aid, which is interest other than of later scene, where that might have been a fake which are not fully understand and see none at all because there were no bones inside of it. So they're not quite sure about that. When bite they're, just some really sad ones of like what is clear The mother like holding her child families in couples and embrace, unlike horrific embrace and it's just

really kind of sad to look through these the photos and they kept far sitting on, like all over the place, they were just groups of people huddle when they were give debate a house, they would. They would find bodies quite frequently and, like you said I can that that then those embraces just caught in their last moment, like their literal last moment, was just caught in time so it is quite a fine and, like you said it really definitely caught the image nation of the rest of the world, so much so that there is like a greek neoclassical revival in the alignment period, because everyone had Pompey fever when it was discovered fever pump, hay fever catch it so a couple years ago, has few years ago now in twenty fifteen, a group did see tee scans on some of these cast about think thirty or forty of and that dog and that bore, Maybe this provided is too low.

Detail of it. So if you like, you can look at the gas and then look at this He's gonna, gonna brings the life made, found it revealed a few really interesting things. One is that the p? upon pay, had almost perfect teeth, which had been really unusual at the time and they they think it because a lot of fruits and vegetables very little sugar, and the water was heavily flora dated. So they all had really like nice straight teeth: and then what I was saying about the head injuries. This is theirs. Article in the Atlantic called how the p upon pay, really died in almost all of these cities Ganz revealed that they had the head injury, from gettin. You know smashing the head from this volcanic rock man. What awaited go near, although I guess it because Great well either way, even if it's that or if its

you were saying: it's not the slow, suffocating death they used to think it was yet which is way better. I solve check there was an excavation over like latrine, I guess and industry I'm a housing, Blackwood, poor people or middle class workers would have lived and dumb they found evidence of really great diets and they think that the people upon pay the rich people actually probably a little worse because they ate slightly richer food. But everyone there, including the lower classes, were very like well fed on very healthy food. Basically like the Mediterranean diet, you think here today, and that they were also taller on average than the citizens of the area today. Interesting, yet is usually the exact opposite. If you think about in a George Washington

Peter Hervey, no said they. They also found in some other, I think the run off into the drainage systems or somethin they You know your time, but the rich people eating more exotic meets. They found evidence that the eight sea urchin so are given that cause people dead flamingo hadn't see now, and I know it's come in them. Giraffe who looks at the giraffe answers. I wonder at their tastes like and then does it follows through on it it's the following through part that really Knox my socks off yeah. So those are some recent excavations right, yeah This is the kind of stuff that has come out with things like dna analysis, okay, so so this is it.

Ordinarily new, as far as Pompey goes palm pay. Is it's really cool because it's got its ancient history when it was covered over by Vesuvius, but then it also has a secondary history of its discovery, and then it is innovation since then, and apparently it's the longest continuously excavated site in the world as far as archaeology goes way largest. Do I Didn't I wouldn't be surprised. It is extraordinarily big envy the that the fact that its been around for so long has been excellent. The brazilian was basically there when Archy ology was born at archaeological techniques that have been developed the age of all been tried and tested and frequently discarded at Pompey as a result, a lot of those early ones that sandwiches, just not very smart.

Have actually had a they ve had a pretty tough effect on the town like gum, the frescoes they discovered frescoes, which are paintings on plaster walls all over the town. Most houses head really beautiful frescoes and the workers will adequately. These are gonna. Flake off is back in the nineteen twenties, so we need if we need to do something, so they covered him and paraffin wax which I guess it makes sense, is covered in wax. We can figure out what to do with it later. Maybe we never will, but you can still kind to see through it. The problem is that the the pigments bonded to the wax, not just rubbed off like

Luckily, bonded with the wax event, as water grew behind the walls and seek through the walls behind the painting, it pushed the painting off the walls onto the wax. So now, if you want to get this wax off, they finally developed a technique where you can use a laser that just removes a wax and leaves the pigment, but that's extraordinarily knew too. I think too, since last couple years they started using that before then they would do like use, gasoline and stuff to get the wax off in every just. Take the fresco clean off. Yom surprises anything left, but I ain't you. Being continually raided, earthquake since then were war too. Since then, vandals too is rainwater. It's just like it's been just beaten up. Four thousand, you know

a couple of thousand years now, but there's like you been, there is still a lot of stuff there. The other is, I think they they ve uncovered two thirds of it. They think yeah and so they ve gone to this point in our there. Like ok, wait, a minute wait a minute. I think it. Then Nineteen nineties, whoever was the director of Archaeology Pompey said: we need to stop excavating we're gonna, leave the what's for later generations, who have better techniques, take to uncover and we're going to Guess I'm preserving what's here now, which is a big deal, because it's a world heritage site and UNESCO basically came in and she doesn't thirteen effectively condemned it like where a city would do to a building that was falling down. That's what you meant New UNESCO did to the Pompey site. They said this. This thing is tough, sits they put it on the endanger list in one of the big reasons is as tourists Why? When you're there you like our

Are you sure I am allowed to be sitting on this thing and taking a funny picture or really allowed to walk through here they let you go almost everywhere on that site touch every run around its just like a big playground. Basically in you have to opera. Remind yourself with this is an archaeological site. It in operation still and dumb. They they did the fact that tourists have been allowed to do that for songs had a huge effect on the deterioration. The site itself to yeah all, not only that, but it's it's been corrupt here's the management of, of these ruins a lot of the structures of collapsed over I'm completely and gone away. Finally, and in two thousand twelve, the EU may dying finally got together and said. Listen, we need to really reinvest in this. In this, find here is called the Great Pompey project they invested about a hundred hundred

five million euros to try and repair and preserve what they have left. I'm surprised they haven't closed down more parts of it. Is like you said you can still go everywhere, but what have done is restored a lot of these frescoes mosaics like yours, and a lot of the Work has been done in the way Five years, yes easily to try and get this thing preserved as much as they can at this point one of the things that got I'm going, was the the gladiator school, which is a pretty big structure that house gladiators where they trained in town in it it crumbled. It fell a turned into ruins as it had gotten eroded. I think by drainage and one of the things I ve figuring out now is that there is a pretty decent sewer system underneath these towns, but that- a classic flow covered, it all love. So the

has nowhere to go back over the ruins and over the last hundred fifty years it's eroded some of these buildings. That's another thing there dealing with two new in it there. I don't know if you set it up that her colonial can conservation project it did you mention that. The great pomp air, the hurt millennium, the Herculaneum. Now so there is there's like a model for for dealing with these sites to preserve these sites in its in Herculaneum, it was apparently worse off than palm pay for a long time and the public private partnership. Took, control of thing, and now it's like the model of how to how to rescue sites like this, so it's possible that Pompey Project will will be successful and, unlike twenty years there will probably be walk is everywhere that are raised above ground and you will be able to touch anything. I would guess

you want to be able to touch Pompey. You should go in the next few years because I dont think they're gonna keep allowing that for much longer. If you wanna touch Pompey, if you want to do anything else, nope most Pompey Mary- did it fine that's right! Okay! Well, if you want to touch Pompeii, you should go to Pompeii and in the meantime, while you're waiting to do that, you should type Pompeii into the search bar howstuffworks dot com, which will bring up this great article by the grabster and since I said grapes there's time for listen to mail. It covers artifacts in or monument from Germany, guys just She observed on public monument renewable and it has been. Stick. His usual made me think of the monument removal and other parts of the world, the killer in Germany comes to mind. Is I studied German all through high school in college to study abroad there first summer, german street. Their nazi history is different, and by no means an expert but is,

understand the do everything in their power to prevent their citizens from idle rising or idealizing- Nazi Germany can't by mining camp, which I think that's true, didn't it so there are no statues or monuments of any kind. There, not sanitizing their history or sending it didn't happen, but they dont want to commemorated either anyway, and honour of today, being the day, the Berlin Wall has been gone longer than it was up. I'd like to recommend that you see the moon, goodbye linen the avenue seen it it's great. It takes place when the Berlin Wall comes down and the first year so after during german reunification funny and thoughtful and sad and just really really good. It's one of my favorite movies and no spoilers. As my favorite seen ever monument being elected It was, I think, has now made forgotten globe for best. Foreign famine a host of other like Baptist.

European Award, so looks pretty good, but forty the new episodes, and that is from Ellie. My thanks. A lot Ellie fishing email fade thoughtful. I'm a big Germany was even allowed to have a flag for awhile around mistaken yeah. I was it. If you want to get in touch with us, you can treatise, I met Josh and clerk and asked why escape parkers checks at Facebook, dot, com, slash, stuffy, should know and slashed w chop Bryant are you could send an email, the stuff podcast house efforts I come from has always journeys that our home on the web stuff. You should know doc for more or less and thousands of other topic. Housetop works, icon.

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