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It wasn't until I read a great a great artist. It is only in Estonia about vampire panics. In New England, there had first heard of it Abigail Tucker from ten thousand twelve, yet she did an amazing job on the agreed. So let's start, let's start with that article starts. I think it's a great place to dive into this. This weirdness ninety, ninety, that's not what most people would think you would say in Connecticut and Refreshment and college there were. There were some kids playing at egg. I think a gravel quarry and they discovered some graves

It's basically the dream of every kid who's ever played outside to discover some like long lost graves like any kid poking around the woods were all really just lookin for dead body. Pretty much. At the very least. You prepare for it at all time. Yet member stand by me kid me, that's what inspired it all that was one of like the great I nerving disturbing dead kids of all time, and you know what re Brower my friend my best friend Brett came up. A dead body, one time linen words, no yeah wasn't it? Was it a neighbor who who had a heart attack while like raking leaves or cleaning up in the woods, something howls it wasn't nefarious, but they still ran across the dead body, is again how why why was the guide cleaning up the woods? Well me nothing of the woods on the edge of his eye,

or something like that? How long you been there? I don't think it had been that long. He wasn't decomposed or anything else. A psychic life was body. There's, MR whatever Mr Whipple, those squeeze, I'm cleaning Louis so he's these kids found graves, there were very, very old. They were, you know a dead neighbour, anything like that. They were actually turned out to be a lost family cemetery again in Connecticut right

and in very short order the Connecticut State archaeologist, which is pretty cool position. Gonna MIC bellincione! He was called out any starts excavating the place right. Yes, I'll keep going. He finds a bunch of graves lots kids, because its new England Nineteenth Century lay eighteenth century early nineteenth centuries when they finally said this is about this. This graveyard was in use and on their kids, some adults buried normally exactly like you'd expect gala ass. She said there were buried, Yankee style yeah. I didn't know that it made like in a very thrifty manner, very bare bones. If you'll forgive upon not like our ostentatious southern coffins right accord about the lady who got buried in a ferrari, did you hear about her think I did. She was great for doing that. Like I'll, see you in Hell. I'm taking my ferrari let me now it's gonna get this usually buried sitting

find the wheel in unequally. In her Ferrari. That's how she was buried. That's like that. You must tackle in Spain the star, maybe a little astronaut riding around and vulgar as everyone knows that that's actually the body of one of his enemies. Of course, who was alive when that Rocky went off unsure near so there's this one. Grave out of all of them. That is a little kinky. You could say. Bellincione starts pulling away some of the rocks its entombed now, like the others whose rocks around it and he finds that the coffin has been broken and only coffin on the coffin laden, brass taxes, J B, I believe hyphen five, five yet discovered his red, which is also different, I think than others right most of the coffins fine, where most of the skeletons fine, but when he gets a little further up. He finds on top of

ribs defy bones, are crossed across the ribs and skull is no longer attach the end of this file com. It's on the river cages. Well in the rib cage has been broken and upon further inspection he finds the coffin has been smashed in Nick Beilin. Tony says well I'll, be here that this is not what normally happens as a body decomposes, they dont go into the shape of the Jolly Rogers Pirate flag right, and it's funny that you pick this because- and this is sort of an announcement, but the great Aaron Monkey of Lore yeah fame was Tellin me these stories. This week in the office because we, his pardon with us, you can do some shows with us now to do not lore he's, like none you don't get that when your buddies disillusioned with Israel super excited, but he was. Telling me all these stories, as you were falling asleep. He had struck him

at night and the next day you said this article, the sir, this collection of articles you put together and solicitude. Vampire banks do not like this weird man like air make use just talking. There said is weird and he is like three Laura. Those one on mercy, Brown and I listened to as part of this research but then to others, and it was just that Aachen can really weird. They came together. This of the vampire with us so anyway, welcome MR making yeah welcome were glad to have you. Then our economies making a hearing. Nobody. It was very sweet he's in law. I'm all times that you should know, listen and he's a legit. Sure that he is going to hear this and say our guys. I did the summons spending so much, but I don't like you.

So anyway, Jamie fifty five. You write a spell out and brass tacks. It's a male skeleton from the eighteen thirty's at the latest in there in the body, is probably in his fifty or so, and is just very, very creepy and perplexing yeah. Perplexing about first blush, spelling Tony said in that Smithsonian. Ironically, he'd never seen anything like it before right right, so his he obviously being an archaeologist he's not like. Well. That's pretty interesting, I'm going back to my sandwich now he wanted to get to the bottom of it. That's right, so we started asking around and finally one colleague said: well, maybe it's a vampire. This is Michael Bill. Not yet he is. It was apparently a colleague, I guess, a fellow archaeologists two's like there was actually said things is vampire panics, then Bellincione met Michael Bell. Write a note

in eighteen, fifty four. This is about twenty years after the gentlemen J Beef, fifty five, which is probably his aid right- or I guess maybe John Brown, fifty five years old The first comment: in June jewish City Connecticut, there was a vampire panic that had broken out in the corpses were zoomed, that people might thought were vampires, and then I think his when he finally gives in touch with this Ireland, folk worsening Michael Bell, yeah bellows, like friend, I'm going to tell you something you sitting down in Berlin. Tony says: yes and Bell goes, have you had your sandwich bell? Goes? You are sitting on the only intact physical evidence of what was a series of vampire panics that grip New England in the late eighteenth team to act

late Nineteenth century, almost up to the twentieth century. You that's the remarkable thing here because we hear this Ok, I know about Salem sure this is couple hundred years later, yeah this ugly. Yet this is about less than a hundred, two years ago yet, like we had a volume way pass that by this month, right to believe that vampires existed and we need to dig up bodies of our relatives. Yet with a shocking about this. Like the enlightenment, had come and gone, science was a thing is this? Is it very weird to think about how let this happen? It is but sure enough. There is Tony looked into it and talk to Michael Balin found out. No, there is, there is a very poor packs, a lotta people, though no about em cause, most people know dig into that kind of thing, actually, because they happened as late as they did their actually fairly well documented. The thing is: is most of his graves are lost. You have. It

sure grave of one of the vampires that was basically a victim of this vampire panic, Apparently it happened. He documented bill about eighty of these exclamations is far West Minnesota, but obviously most of these took place in the Connecticut Massachusetts. Vermont New Hampshire area, Rhode Island, to Rhode Island, be time because I don't know what it is with New England, what we'll get to it will get to their weird because They definitely is a very weird thing, especially considering that, like at the time People who were alive were like What are you guys doing here? How backwards can you be? You know, so their contemporaries were even like put off by this kind of thing. First, it was like you. I didn't know somebody to know that this was going on, but eventually a couple of and became high enough profile. That

it became international news that there were some weirdness, not a new England at the locals were or were in the grip of a vampire panic. Yes, Ro wrote about it in his journal, but Henry David yeah, he wrote he said he was an exclamation and he wrote it was like, while man and, as you said, Rhode Island like this wasn't just like out in the sticks, a rural New England. This happened. Stood Newport, Rhode Island, which at the time and still very tony area wherein oh yeah dude beautiful that that Cliff Walker, whatever unbelievable and those this is where around back. Then these were well heeled, rich people and that's where they Apes word right, murdering one another in getting away with champagne all the while they did cumbersome as a beautiful town,

yeah Newport, Rhode Island is a gorgeous ten. The I was very taken with it and thought I could totally look here if I had about fifty times as much money as I have heard it and how it was. Nineteen hundred. So, as I said like this is this is. It is very well documented in some respects, but you have to be a guy like Michael Bell, who knows where to look begets grazed like this. Don't pop up every day, right, correct! There is this dude who document. It is probably better than anybody, and he didn't hear about it until I think the late eighteen nineties, but he's an anthropologist named George Stetson. He published a modern type on it on the New England, vampire panics in exactly what the beliefs were, so he he established like the baseline for these beliefs and really documented in the late nineteenth century gear, and can it shook up the world with linings? Yes,

again, everybody at the time who wasn't involved is looking in like where you guys doing. Apparently, the Boston Daily Globes there was basically inbreeding was responsible for this. Weird behaviour like people from the south were gone. What internally, Are you guys doing up their heard? There was that the idea that the that Stetson George does in the answer. Poligized had basically been fooled, been fleeced by you know the slick New England sit rural folk and that they were just pulling his leg as it was put on the Sunday case. This actually did happen, and it is. It turns out that it is basically an extension of a tradition that finds its roots back in Europe goes back many many centuries to Europe, and here is where-

It gets extremely interesting to me, the vampire legend that we understand today actually grew of real superstitions, like everything about vampires is is what some people hundreds of years ago and not very long ago, believed was actual reality and this this vampire panic was an actual manifestation of those beliefs in real life or try to jointly oh man appeared the vampires are with us. I will be back right up to this

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anytime, I love to talk about stuff Ok, so the bomb peel, as we probably pronounce, unlike that net episode, who has so many years ago, ever one note. Sense of humour. It came as reliable. That's a nice whence it came out of Europe not the United States. And that word first appeared in the tenth century and Bell was Pharisees. Concern, says or thinks at least that we all know that it came out of like Germany in the slavic immigrants coming here, but he for his money is that it probably wasn't it

big way that probably came over from different people at different times, but We have made its way over to deny the United States through probably Pennsylvania and then made its way north bright and thumb from his researches found. The earliest he's found is a reference to it comes from seventeen. Eighty four in the Connecticut Carotid Weekly Intelligencer Erik the Hartford newspapers, still called the heart for corrupt that's an old paper and in it in this it's a letter to the editor from a guy named Moses HOMES, who is a council men in the town of willing Tin Connecticut? Am I he's basically warning people not to listen to what he calls quote a certain quack doctor, a foreigner and on the basically the doktor was saying,

there there's vampires afoot and you need to exert your family and kill them because their vampires now and Moses HOMES is saying. Don't don't do that. This is wrong and weird. And that's the legend they came over from Europe. The slavic people had that appear in the Romanian said this through a guy and the appeal in the struggle, I would die, be buried and would come back to drink the blood of their relatives, but that was the legend and what it really was well, maybe we should hold onto that little yeah, let's till it yeah. I'm sorry method to cross that out of your house like this came into our yeah are so well will wish to set out for later. So you ask yourself, like I think, of Yankees as like pretty solid people. Salt of the earth, especially nineteenth century Yankees, south of the earth people really stable, like it would take,

a bit to drive. One of them is totally crazy right. They to put up with these winters nor easterners, Sally Oysters, sure all less and dumb, or you know how we did it. How did this happen outside of Saint Puritanical New England, in that in the night century, and it turns out. I didn't realize this, but ever Gale Tucker points out that the Yankees that we think of our not the Yankees and are not heard him based if not the Yankees, who were in actuality site. I sat up very late last night trying to figure out the most convoluted way to say that such as Asia yeah. I thought this a super interesting because when I think of New England, I think of very religious puritanical right christian Christian. They don't do this kind of thing now, a YE think of and actually in what's funny is

because make it was here had among movie Russian, who gets what movie was hole. I cited Christian, which makes me think of the song, sister Christian by nobody which factor in him a big I'm in a bug you not know his favorite movie is the village which makes holistic total sets. I watched their again within the last reminds me like this move is even better now did more when I saw it again for which is weird, as you know, the twisted the I now give them nice online movie yet, and I think it bug me at the time because and I told him this in the show, but I think the time I was sort of like over a night in the twists like commanded another twist, and now I'm lookin out for it right, I better be really good year, but I think years later I watch it

and as you know it, I think I can dig this moving. I did do so anyway, very fitting, but I think of those people like these puritans living off, remove from society very strict religious peoples, but apparently that was not the deal in the eighteen hundreds in rural New England. Only ten percent belong to a church, shocking to me, and especially it says here in this article, Rhode, island and I'd love. There said no, the EU was founded as a whole then for religious dissenters sure said: I think they just want to go in party yet seaside There are liquids party in engaging hex magic gash. They were another way to put it is that the

new englanders in the nineteenth century, were of superstitious punch. You write exactly cause if you were hard core christian superstition didn't play apart. You wouldn't like me one of the summer things they did. They would bury shoes by. Our place to catch the double yeah from coming down the chimney like a horse, you over your door, yet that can establish basically anything you think of as like locker, we, kind of Pennsylvania Witchcraft that kind of stuff. This is like that's what it was like country, witchcraft, yeah, that's what they believed in, because even if you, a Christian. You still believed in things like good and evil. In spirit, demons and stuff like that you just had to have a. Way of dealing with them. Since you weren't christian the way of dealing with them wasn't like praying to God or whatever right. She had to hang up a horseshoe various shoe to keep the devil from coming down your chimney here cause Europe is backwards, as it gets.

When are we going to reveal the reveal when we are told it r M night twist work until still? Not yet not yet, I will, then you gotta go Zagat, Nathaniel's, ok, China will know. If you ve got more. If you can I no longer than where. Were you last check away? Our work here reveal because being superstitious doesn't explained the vampire panic now alone right. What else does I'll? Let you drop them? hammer, so they are not entirely certain, but the general consensus among people who study this kind of thing is that this was a reaction to infectious disease outbreaks, specifically tuberculosis boom boom. That's why?

superstitious new Englanders were running around in the nineteenth century. Her digging up family members in driving stakes to their hearts were beheading them in their graves. I love stuff like this idea to when you can look back years later. I wonder what they're gonna in a hundred years about the satanic, panic oh yeah, it wasn't some disease obviously than elsewhere, namely that a reveal it was a panic. There are essentially two of our favorite episodes, probably are gonna end up being satanic pannikin, vampire panic, as one company was. Let's talk about TB for a minute. This is obviously a pre antibiotics. There is still tuberculosis but super curable now, but if you're lucky enough to live where you can get any but it is caused by a bacterium, two of which it can affect humans and tuberculosis and involve us right

and you ve heard the word- consumption and movies like the village and from that time period their dying of consumption. Consumption was almost always tuberculosis right. This is what they called it back right, those the name for it. Yet the reason they call it consumption and actually that that term to describe tuberculosis actually predates the more common usage of consumption. Today, now really congestion or anything- It is vital that the thirteen hundreds, I think so it the original meaning, was that your body was consuming itself day was like the word for tuberculosis while yet, and the recently called does cause it like your life force. Was beings sapped away from you the way that the disease progressed in included, coughing fits where they said, like you couldn't even stopped to talk. You be coughing, so hard covenant blow. That's not good now you would lose a lot of weight, so it looks like you are wasting away too, but at the same time,

you were voraciously hungry. You wanted to eat, wasn't that kind of illness where you just can't even eat your Hungary, like all the time, but you still wasting away. So there's is duality between hunger, rampant hunger and the law civil life force and this it's possible that all vampire tales in legends in or the origin of it is found in tuberculosis because it You think, though, with vampires on the whole idea at this time was, if you had tuberculosis, and you were the say second third, fourth, member of your family- to come down with this with consumption. It meant that the one the previous family members who had died of this disease was still alive.

In some way their sole was in a supernatural away and was coming at night and sucking the life from you to sustain themselves. If this the case than there was only one thing to do. If you were in New England at the time you dig that family member and take care of business yeah? It's funny emollient always laugh at the movie troop of the the calf like it has almost a hundred per cent return rate if a character costs in a movie than they're gonna die because you just don't leave Carson movies here, that's a sure, sign or especially, if they like cop into a hand. Sure there's always blood in it like a number Hodgman, some dark holiday but how could they have not learned man, lung tissue? Well, we just started watching the the crown

last night. You know that show a Netflix you watch. It went familiar yeah. We saw the very just the first episode last night of season, one and of course, they're scared. Harris's queen was was father, the king, a camera butch. What his name was king, so and so king, the king of England, and he's got these got tv. Of course, he starts coughing in the very foreseen get into the hanky and well he's probably it's gonna be in by Liza gone, that's how she became going if were shouting out things we ve seen recently. I want to give a shout to wonder wonder but would set the plea for a movie about the kid with facial differences Parents are always whilst entirely Robert there so get. There is a good I mean you know at least take a break who thought wonder, was gonna make an appearance in the vampire panic, and let me are you- can take it back

welcome, come back and talk a little bit more about how a family might do this right after this. Problems its human nature to hate problems, but why is that, after all problems, inspire us to men, things bend things make things better? That's why so many people work with IBM on everything, from city traffic to ocean plastic, new schools to new energy flight delays to food safety. Smart loves problems, IBM, let's put smart to work, visit, IBM dot com, flash smart to learn more

buried, so dead is gone from TB or consumption yeah, we rode brother has sister, has bia, maybe on their death bed, the other ones about to die. Maybe we should talk a little bit about its consumption or more at the time there were people out there in the world in the late nineteenth century, who understood that consumption was tuberculosis, was an infectious disease caused by these germ. The people engaged in these vampire panics did not generally think that they didn't lies that this was a contagious disease. They thought that are relatively sapping your life force right. The thing is, is it a tuberculosis? Is a very contagious disease spread by coughing?

sneezing, which you do a lot of when you have tuberculosis and if you're living like a one to room house World New England and you're a family of six, you can say the hype senator of your family members are going to eventually contract this disease. When it I mean, what's the numberless killing like twenty five percent of people over a certain period. That's a really big point here the vampire panic started in the late eighteenth century. Tuberculosis really start to gain a foothold in New England and about the seventeen thirties and by the time, the vampire panics hit their height in the late eighteenth early nineteenth. It was the number one killer of new Englanders at the time they again they weren't like gosh darn that tuberculosis I caught this infectious disease it was one of our family members, sapping the life out of one of our other family members, because our family

there's a vampire still. The effect was the same that they were. They were they. They felt totally powerless against this condition they just head what it was long brain because they had a wrong, they would dig up dead bodies and weird stuff to write. A brother dies, yesterday's maybe another sibling, maybe one the parents and then, if you're in rural New England, you say I I'm clean, what's going on here. Is that whoever the first one that died Maybe one of them is coming back and killing the rest by sucking out their blood I haven't fire, my family. What do I do? I'm going to dig with some help? Probably is and it's quiet and uncertain the middle of the night, sometimes like in the cases of her mind, it would be like a daytime public festival type it s like a party yeah, like a community party

yet it in fact. I think that's the one Henry David throw it ended in Woodstock, remoteness, journal and use a deputy of what these people want is a weird party here, so you would these people up depending on where you are well forestalls, talk about what they might find when they open this car, Jack deserves clearing was more deaths. The first step was you had to diagnose, vampire ism right because they like- let's say, they finally decided by the the fourth family. We're being sick that this family was being being sapped. By empire didn't automatically, no, which family member was doing it. They gotta look at him all yeah, so you might dig up multiple coffins. What they were looking for was the belief. The belief was that the theme you could tell just by look get them whether they were a vampire, maybe poking around a little bit too sure. But the problem is that so

idea, we what we think of his vampires is basically the brand stoker vampire which comes later. These they impairs were like the day ghouls from the grave type. I cannot for our tools yes, so like real long, fingernails nails, pale, bloody mouth again can a supporting away rybody. The problem is like idea, vampires what we understand, as they were, what they understood. Vampires was a tradition handed down from people who had broken up, the broken in do graves before and could tell you what a vampire looked like right, which is basically a body in a certain stage of decomposition right and specifically a lot of times, a body in a certain certain safety composition who had died from tuberculosis sure so

You know you might dig up a grave and see a blowed because they have a build up of gas in their stomach. That is not what they thought it was from. They allow what they thought. They were vampires, rightful from blood, maybe like legally fat vampire yeah. They might see long fingernails and say that looks to me like a vampire right, but that is what your skin receding your skin pulls back. The nail bed, which makes it look like your nails, are kept growing. After after death, which is not the case same with your hair to they may see red lips. What bloody lips even possibly sure, because apparently the breakdown of your lung tissue from tuberculosis continues even after death. So they would see blood on the lips until I get, they ve been second a blood out of their their loved one, but the key to all this is the heart that was what they were trying to get too to see. If there was any fresh blood near the heart and if they did find that when one of them will get to

they would do, but again allow time you would see fresh appearing blood because of the way the body decomposed from tuberculosis or period. So this thing yeah, but but your book This is a lot to especially like the blood on the lips kind of thing. I am so this thing was kind of self sustaining self. Fulfilling was already died of tuberculosis. Few Doug them up at a certain period of time, especially if they say like died in winner yeah. They might seem inexplicably and is in a pristine state, because her underground in New England right trees in the winter, so they would fit the bill for a vampire just by definition, of being a decomposing body, but to the people who didn't understand De Competition was. It was just plain his day that they were looking at a vampire in the grave right, so they they fight a family member that fits the bill of a vampire that step one vampires

has been diagnosed. Next is dispatching vampire dealing with the vampire and the problem. Is this the vampires already dead, their only certain things you can do to a vampire to kill it in really what you're not trying to kill you trying to make it. So I can't get out of the grave keep sapping the life foresight of these family members, hence, hopefully saving dying family member right. It was technically called Apple, Tropez, remedy clinical name for it, basically something that you doing to counteract this evil. So it depends on where you are, what you might do. Everyone had their own methods, in Maine and Plymouth Massachusetts. I love this one did was flip over so whose face down

and there I everyone knows: a ban pyre just very critically rises from the waste out of their coffin. Yet what we just what them over they couldn't do that they want a thumb and don't let's go get some ice or the stake through the heart that didn't arise because they thought the stake had some magical powers, but they thought they would literally to stake them into the ground right or they can get up. That's another thing to so: you're the stake through the heart with the vampire. You think that that's trying to kill the vampire That is not what they are trying to do, but the larger thought here is that our understanding of staking a vampire through the heart comes from people who actually did this because they were trying to battle tuberculosis. Perfect. That's so amazing to me it's a confidence about he's. Weird thing: yes, really that led to this, but but All that has been refined into this need tidy vampire legend this. This is the compartment and fitting vampire legend to those of us alive today. But it's

it's amazing history and backstory, some of which happened in real life. This reminds me of the the realise zombies to yeah. Yes, carries and actually good point like this weird religious hysteria, combined with what they didn't understand at the time was kind of medicine: science, this weird pre science era, so fascinating to me, I'm not pre science, but I guess it was pre real science, rudimentary science, so in Connecticut, Rhode, Island Vermont in that region. The go too was to burn the heart, take the ash from the heart and ingested to give it. To someone who may be second, the family or may even be healthy, trying to ward off sickness and they would actually eat tat. So

That was one way of dealing with the others. There's a quote here from my Woodstock remarked one Daniel ransom in his journal. It was said that if the heart of one of the family who died of consumption was taken out and burned, others would be free from it and father having some faith in the remedy. Had the heart of Frederick taken out after TAT, he had been buried and it was burning. Captain Pierce and blacksmith forge. Here's the thing, though it did not ever save anyone from tuberculosis. No that's the thing, and I was always going like what is what was the superstition? How did the superstition explain a failure to cure You know where they just like. We waited too long agitated that there had to be. They would just have some extra vision that we didn't do right, maybe they,

Try another method, not burning the heart. Like the jolly the D J B, fifty five. They think that the reason they did that weird Jolly Roger thing was because it was so decompose there were his bones sedate, I guess it is. Africa is right went away. Just do this well that that apparently finds its root in Europe in some places in Europe. That was the way to deal with our ran fire with the cut itself off other places. They would stick a brick in the vampires mouth. Some places they would bind him with thorns in Europe and that that's another thing. That kind of fascinates me about this whole thing chuck is that at some point somewhere I be in Europe, maybe in Asia Bibi in Africa. Somebody came up with this idea

a vampire of relatives coming back from the grave and sucking the life out of their their friends, family, mors villagers, and that person had this idea that spread and it made it centuries later to New England, were it led to the desecration of the graves of family members right, including one that was discovered another couple centuries later by some kids playing and gravel pit. That's to us talking about this today. If that doesn't make history interesting IONA, what does yes and kids running around listen to the pixies finds a mountain of Sculled is to ban the pixies or talk. Now it's great. Should we finish with the story of mercy, We should are mercy, Brown lived, an exit or Rhode Island. This is a farming farming, land and biology

and by the time she was around it had dead, did sounded dimly seen its better days right thanks to the civil war, can decimating town. Yet my exactly ten percent, the good factor will be. The town is actually kind of a metaphor for vampires itself, like it had lost its own life forth in a lot of ways. Now it dropped by like two thirds in seventeen seventy years before mercy Brown died, the population did it was. It was not a good seen for this. The people who were left behind because they had tuberculosis running around town right and sir If you house, her mother died, her sister Mary Eliza died over those are mom. Sorry, Mary Olive was your sister, the greening Mary, all of the great she was twenty and Mary. All of that is a good name, and I think some was aims are coming back, the classic name, oh yeah,

we'll house on the prairie trend. Well, I know of no one person who name their daughter, olive recently. I thought that was pretty sweet name. You shouldn't you should have been like Mary Olive would have been better. I was sent to Asia my favorite murder the other day and they were laughing it funny names that it's just you can imagine a baby being called like Barbara if they listened, but a few wouldn't like it comes out like a monkey. Jewel exactly see little baby Barbara soon you Mary Olive, goes Mary lies. The brother, and this is where it gets a little weird, because I solve like eight different accounts of this, and they all had different time lines of death and sickness, whether or not

mercy died and then Edwin got sick or not, but at any rate, brother Edwin is sick mercy, eventually dies of TB, and the town says we gotta do something here, They went to the dead George Brown and said man. You got a problem on your hands and, if you think about it, so all this took place over like a decade which you like that's a long time. I would think then, the nineteenth century, that's a pretty average mortality rate for a family. Currently not by their kids there in their early twentieth swell. I also he lost. His wife is well YO over the over the course of a decade. This family of five went down to basically a family of in a quarter depending on want everyone account Edwin. As he's dying, I also George Brown was like you're, probably right, we should do something later on. It was revealed that he didn't believe in this at all that he basically I agreed to this because the the neighbors wouldn't leave him alone about it and the name.

Doing this is out of complete selflessness. There is this idea that, once this vampire finished the family. They would move on to another family. Sir, if you lived in a small village You had a real problem with this vampire being allowed to go on, and you bother your neighbor to dig up their family member until they relented and that's what happened with George. Yeah. I mean the writing was on the wall, certainly with Edwin. As far as the neighbours are concerned, you like he said, he's like fine. Do it you gotta do he did said. I wanted doktor there, which is amazing. The doctors would actually preside over an exit, and I think the doktor was trying to be the voice of reason throughout this process, even without cutting open mercies. Chest removing her heart and then the meaning, removing or liver supporting out. As this Abigail Tucker article says look, this is evidence of tuberculosis yeah like shut up college boy. You gimme that hard,

yeah, that's what happened. I gotta hot fire burning and that's exactly what happened like you said: they burn this heart. They mix ashes into a tonic and when drank it, they can that they would save him and what he had lived a couple of months, maybe not even want, because he had tuberculosis yeah, cutting open the chest of a dead relative and burning their heart. Liver does nothing nuclear tuberculosis, the sister yet sister, which is its it's really sad, but at the same time it gonna give you. Your George Brown, he doesn't believe and like all this vampires superstition, apparently also is cool with the desecration of a grave he's, not sentimental. Guy he's dead, I said that I have dinner. Yeah he's a kick a color open. I get to stop. Bothering me just make sure that, on my my doktor, Frank TED, is there to point a house?

but all of this is the advocacy they sent a run away. I think to try and get well- and I dont know George was there, but he definitely wasn't it that the excess now there was a guy there from Providence Newspaper, here's or other I shall move on threats. It's right here wrote an article that basically told the world about this, and it got picked up in a got picked up by a number of papers, and the New York world in eighteen. Ninety six, the New York were reported on the vampire exclamation of mercy, brown and equipping of that article was found in the papers of a certain person took who was it Brahms? Thorkel, that's right, the author of Dracula AIR, so scholars have said, this all came too soon. Before Dracula was published, he was probably working on it already or he was working already. It didn't influence at all. Some people say no.

He definitely did it was influenced by this vampire panic for sure yeah and make his lordship soda mercy. Brown cause he's just a great story: teller. He ended it does by saying you know, I think the last words of the shower brimstone, Oh he didn't say you know, maybe did maybe he didn't. Ok, you ready hollered had ever gonna Davis, lore style, so Chuck of newspaper clipping, of mercy, Browns exclamation, was found in the papers of brim stoker did we have classical music going behalf, so J K any they also dynamic. In the background, if you want to know more about Laura, will go check out that podcast and look for more good stuff coming soon from Aaron Mahnke who's. Now her co worker, which means we have to buy him a Christmas present, and I am-

In the meantime, I was figuring out what to get Aaron Mahnke time for listen to me. Now, I'm going to go with this one venezuelan living hey, guys eyes. Nevadas podcast started with the seven wonders so that supervision- and I was hooked since then and now listen to the new ones and go back in time to two thousand nine ones. I want to go through all the sounds like the same. Maybe I'm from Venezuela living in Chile, and I want to suggest one about identity. We and as wetlands are going through a difficult time, as the government is not issuing passports as an emigrant Ets is super hard. Basically, if I want to travel, I can only go.

The more coastal member countries, because I could do so with the rut. Are you t which is the Chilean I Deckard and I'm I'm lucky case since I have friends that, while asking for Chile in Visa The venezuelan passport expired, and now they dont have either chilean or venezuelan documents me. I feel like an all and if my home country does not want to give me idee documents and as resident chalais, can't either only if I fly to nationalization and will have to wait a few years until I can do that. She suddenly Tom, Hanks and terminal,

basically but in chile- and I have no one to claim. I just want to put the word out about our situation. The venezuelan government pretends that everything is ok when it's not my family is broken across the world and I am incapable to go, see them and they can't come to me. It is a painful situation. I keep up with good were guys. Thanks to you, I have new topics to discuss with my friends. They were particularly interested in how frogs work sorry for opening wish and still working on my grammar and they give a great agreed p s, I will love to hear a shoutout hearts, hearts that is a manual, I shout The man you I'll hang in there yeah that's really here and you're doing great with your English. We are very sad to hear about my situation here if you want again to- Let us know about something going on in your country that we were unaware of

hear about it, you can twitters at Josh Clark or as well as K, podcast also website called. Are you serious court that Camp Chuck is on Facebook at Facebook? That calm, Slash, Charles double check? Right is also at Facebook that consular stuff- you should know you can it is an email to stuff Podcast House, the worst I come and is always join us at home on the web stuff. You should know that come were more or less and thousands of other topics as the Kay class welcome to car leasing. One o one first take Your phones and go into Roto app next figure car

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