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Stuff. You should know from house to House works, not look into the park, gets them. Josh Clark withdraws the reach of bright with Jerry Savishna style. I don't I'm good, I'm jet black. Still I'm coming out of a future for young children.

Is there was explaining make that my body is it for thirty five every morning has get up dummy. It's ten fifteen eleven and announce nice dark, no exert internal struggle, and it's a british voice. Do they get up? You need your beans in blood sausage thing import pies. How was it and want another one? So bad you don't say that

Major leg is not so much pronounced in the morning missus that nine thirty at night I fall over wherever I'm standing very cute, his cooking in a walk, and he just left or at the very least noticed the burnt face here- has dangerous away her pretty bad because their walk, Greece gets pretty hot. It does walk like nineteen, eighty seven, what works to walk? Still. Do you kid me? No entire continents of people. Why are well? but I guess I guess I just imagine like wearing a tennis sweater tight around lacking. Why didn't they found do they should have, you're having to find you here before fears for extension of seventy five boiling cheese. That's pretty seventies, you know what, if you ever want to fund do pot like scheming to be fun ever find your party don't buy one new

gotta goodwill, he kill Ituri, Ireland like three dollar. Yet you may- and I have an unusual or is it p green now, if I were took out of a p green anything now here now I wouldn t green refrigerated would need out of it a green card, I just throw up any time and we could go to a tell you what I M excited about the jellyfish yeah. This is now officially my second favorite seafaring creature after Octopus, yes says for sure. Yet in this close to like the jellyfish, was really tugging. At my heart strings, yeah and in the octopus just kept saying you know what remember me you will remember the chromatophores watch. This bam looks like something

the different. Then I remembered ass, a guide octopus, you're right, but jellyfish can't do that. I'm lucky the squirrel Non Roma soldier when a copy of vegetables and oil painting they are pretty cool. You have it. The jellyfish is really amazing. Yet the octopus is, though there like they're doing it on purpose. A jellyfish accidently kind of stumbled, backwards and awesomeness the war after five hundred million years of practice, maybe seven hundred million there we'll see it's amazing. So when you talk about jellyfish, a lot of people say well, there's jellyfish! That's jellyfish, thats jellyfish that Lady down the street with the least should get jellyfish on the in the right in and you would see. Jellyfish jellyfish come Jelly dog right where weird cat lady, who walks or cat yeah-

a third wholesome at this unwholesome is walking jellyfish demonstrate but wish. So there are such things as calm jellies and there's jellyfish, and you out there whose- live? Maybe ten? Twenty years on this planet or more, you have probably seen em both, but it turns out that they look very similar but as we are finding out as we get deeper and deeper into using genetic, still do taxonomy, rather than our peepers sure that doesn't thoroughly mean. They're related, naturally ass. There some tremendous debate between just how closely related fishing comb. Jellies are tremendous debate. Yes or very subdued So there you are among, like fifty people, if you're in the Jellyfish Department of Sir, like Monterey Bay, Aquarium diabetic, its nuts will vigorous they down Summah some old English, forty mot, liquor and argue, and to get the brass knuckle about

exogamy so that the two fire they are different, we're talking respectively for jellyfish, come jellies. Nigeria and can offer a nice in their seas before both of em, both silent. So it looks like Santa Bites in C4 yeah celebrate what status in abundance no sound bites. They were the monsters in hell. Razor Arthur was like a cinnabar knows in handy bites pieces the sinner by these are centre, bites catch. It wait. Where did this research come from other way, big shoutout Smithsonian? They have a site called the ocean portal, amazing that has all sorts of great stuff on it. You can't go round

what Smithsonian the through their logo there's this that forms the basis of this one, but I also want to give a huge shout out to another article I read a while back, then I want beggary red actually called they're taking over it. It was a new get your books article on a well. It reviewed a book on jellyfish, yes, specifically jellyfish blooms or when you see on the news, like. Oh my gosh, there's five thousand jellyfish right here right now, right or thirty, three thousands, miles rarely fish, but we'll get to that J. Ai we're so there's jellyfish come jellies in there, we don't have the related. They look a lot like they're very much. They seem related, so we're gonna talk about both yes to talk about Chuck. I well we'll start off with a body because, while they're kind of all body, they both jellyfish income jellies have their allotted.

Since his. But if you know when you look under the hood, they have a lot of similarity, which is why you would expect when people user papers, they would just think well yeah, of course, of the same look at him yeah. So don't think too. Don't ever think of you those early say it right on everything. So above them have a couple of the.

Major cell layers, the external epidermis and in the internal one called the gastro German and in between those, is what you think of its jellyfish yeah. That's the message Leah Year, which is a great name for that, and it's the feeling you it's. Ninety five. In effect, jellyfish income jellies about ninety five percent water. Yes, he water actually saw martyrs their basically made up of the sea. I saw put somewhere near a tomato, so they they have basically one mouth where stuff goes in and comes out like her, Mt an oral anus; basically, you don't even know if they refer to it as a mouth. Do they like somewhere in the same, didn't, call it literally like a body hole or something yeah. This is it's a pretty basic basic.

More innocent, but it has a lot of laying their. So it's not yeah you when you think about you just think eating, not necessarily hey. Let's put some sperm an egg in there to right. It's like all purpose. But they don't know sir leaning about for eating, because apparently they can absorb nutrients like just through their skin. Yet so they had their stomach that I've intestines. I don't have one they're just like getting my getting my skin nutrients, yeah and oxygen, and if you think about it, then they need lungs nope. They don't need that like a, they don't need them a mouth. Sir Did you write that all this stuff requires a lot of energy? They actually are draw ordinarily efficient organisms church. So they get lot more energy out of the stuff they take in. Yes, then other things which actually gives him a huge advantages, will see light

so, the ourselves they have the epidermis like we said, and it has what's carbon nerve net and it's just this net of nerves, literally in that its it's, it's their nervous system, the ugly and it's the it's the most basic. I guess brain. Like structure of any organism on the planet of any multi cellular organism. I guess that's right, and so in the nerve net, Not only does it have nerves, it also has some sort of specialised sounds like some detect white, so they can know that they need to move away from that both sides

light and then some time, whether they're moving up or down or whether there are play down here. He big dummy. That's it that's a big one day. I think about it, but I mean like this. If you know by balls, you know, but this is the weird menaces so disturbing to meet. This is almost as disturbing as squid having beaks. Ok, some types of jellies box, jellies and particular get back. Jellyfish have eyes there they have written. Is that the lenses, but they don't have a brain. So scientists are like how work. How are you processing these images that you'd be clearly taking in here and responding to like we ve shown you pictures of like sure. Why add an? U? I gave a thumbs up, so obviously, the that you can use these But how are you sorting these images? You know here. They think it's that that nerve ring, but they're not sure

then that's a ring around its concentration of nerves, basically that they haven't figured out yet, but they think that's all. There is the secret right it be like come if it be like. Now I can't come over a million Roma ethelbert, yet I still get like. I guess: you'll figure one has one apologized everybody, because they could have been carried out on the edge of my seat. So come jellies. They have a few things that the the regular jelly does not have most, notably the comb, their name for these silly, these giant few Sylvia there's eight rose up and down their bodies, and they basically are there ways of locomotive neck like little Betty oars paddling around in the water gap, and there other animals it do this, but that the com jellies, the largest one, to do this and to use this kind of locomotion right and it looks like a rainbow. If you look.

But you think it might be by women s it. But it's not it's. Just like catching these sillier scattering it it's beautiful. Now it is quite beautiful. So that's the thing that that separates come jellies from the jellyfish, most pronounced sleigh right, yeah cause a lot of their activities and the stuff that they do is fairly similar. The tv they watch yeah, but their means of locomotion or are really

The huge distinction yeah the allotted to come jellies every single pair just to tentacles, but it looks like mark as a branch out right and they use those like little fishing lines because they have sticky cells, color blast at the end, and this is different big time the jellyfish they dont sting. No, they use glue. Yet, with his pretty new, so you won't be stung by come jelly to swim up and hug one third. They love it when needed. So when you think of a jellyfish like a true jelly, is what, with their called there, you think of the candidates Bell shaped Umbrella, shape thing with the tentacles hanging down yet beautiful, and if it's a jellyfish, that's actually one of two forms that it all taken its lifetime there,

Its that's the medusa form privileged. It's the adult form, there's a juvenile form, call the Pollack and dumb, depending on whether it is in its life cycle. It will either be in a medusa form, appalling form yeah we'll get in the sole more the lifecycle, but a pilot can end up becoming a medusa or just might be happy. So power and stay is appalling and create more may do say. Yeah and the polish looks, like an honest, looks like a plant. They had such a little stock attached to something right are usually the sand or as well maybe a oil rig out in the middle of the ocean, or something or share a lad, attract crises, she'd she's, a deep water dweller. This wait so. It looks like a little plan. It's gotta that it looks like a little stock and then the tentacles blew me out of it almost like a flower like an eminent something like that. Yeah sometimes

in many, many of them together in a colony. You think that's an amazing plan, the sexually jelly Creakle, if you would be able to tell if you poked it with your finger so the size among jellies ants in come jellies. I am intermarriages microscopic here, others get pretty big if there's one called the lions main jellyfish, which found the whole across like the whole species. Yet they are the largest jellyfish known to human,

Did you see the same yeah it looks like it's Photoshop when you see a scuba diver up next to one? Yes, it definitely does like the bell actually gets to be six feet wide, yeah they feeble and their tentacles or like gum. Forty nine feet, long fifty feet long and some some get bigger than that, but that of the average size of one of those printing Yemen out there not to be feared but swimming up to something that large and that kind of creepy looking is not for me. That's all that eats anything elite. Anything like people wanting to person.

There are big enough. If it might so. Let's talk a little bit about the various types will start with the Darya, which is the the jellyfish itself. Not the comb. There are more than ten thousand species and about four thousand or fewer actually are what we think of as the true jelly them do so that we know and love and within that there are quite a few different types, one of which is the skiff Zoah, and this is the most common true jellyfish that you can imagine right when you picture jellyfish in your mind, you're, probably thinking of the skiff us our right, the hydras over are impostors. Well there, the hither, the ones who they spend most of their time is polyps right, so the skiff zone will spend most of their time in the midst of phase yeah. There

Hydra. Those are the ones that looked like plants at the bottom and urges reproducing like mad bright than they. Actually king come other and create what are called Colonial siphoned force. Woe and that's you notice of portuguese men of war, the area of it. So there is actually not a true jellyfish. It's actually collection is getting colony that comes together to act like one large organism right out, and it made up a person's so like there's the person that is in charge of digestion, there's the person that in charge of catching pray, there's the person that in charge of local vision and rather than these things being body parts there actually individual organisms that are genetically identical one another because they all come from the same agar, but there actually the colony Essentially, I imagine if year organs were various actual organisms, yeah

came together to make you a secular telephonic sprit of ocean were actually it's amazing does exactly right with joy. Next we have the Cuba Zoah, I met. You mentioned the box jellyfish they look like a box is more squared. Looking those are the most dangerous ones: yeah they have the most potent venom and it is negative stuff, not just of jellyfish, of any animal on the planet. Yet the sea was passed, the most powerful venom for humans. I should say the sea was in that this autumn, sounding yeah, but something someone at all costs yeah. So these guys are the ones that have a more complex nervous system, have the the eyes right, yeah with corneas and things. Yet either the most deadly and they're. Looking at you hear a saint I'm coming for you,

the star of Zeus, stocked jelly fishes and they don't float. They are actually like to cling onto things and attached to things and they are mainly cold water, but all you can find most all kinds are not all kinds. You can find some kind of jellyfish and almost any kind of water, any kind of ocean water in the world, while not just that there is some three. In fresh water there's a type of jellyfish. There is some all over the Great Lakes AOI. I was originally by that its native to China, and they think that it was brought over originally from China. England in like our water lily shipment, because it was first discovered in the west in like garden ponds and it somehow made its way to the great lakes region, others of freshwater jellyfish. That's about, I think the size, your thumbnail, depending on what says, you're thumbnail is in the great Lakes yeah, that's a jellyfish in its true jellyfish, and we should say also with

jellyfish locomotion. They don't use the silly. I like a calm jellyfish. Does they medusa form expanding contract? The bell and I was reading, I think, is a scientific, american or popular science. One of the two are posted on the passage, but it was the summer. Searchers examined how jellyfish move and they found there Not only are they like able them, when they, when they expanded and contract in the resting motion of their bell, a vortex actually forms in the water above them and moves beneath it. And move them up that way, so they constantly moving, but their only exerting like half of the energy needed to move forward to propel forwarder occur again.

So that's even one more way that there is an incredibly efficient tat, Anna Maria, without a brain they're, pretty smart. I mean we take a break yeah. I will take a break or going to come back in a dive into the the ones a world of calm, jellies New year's resolutions are very, very difficult to keep getting Exercise save more money. What have on this? We have a resolution that you can really work with stop wasting time going to the post office that right, you stamps dot com instead because they bring all the services of the Eu S postal service right to your computer, with your small business sinning invoices,

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few of the standard jellyfish become jellies. Her way way fewer species of the tuna force. We're talking, I think, ten thousand for the other. This is about a hundred two hundred fifty. They are not even hundred fifty thousand higher fifty yet but they're saying that it is possible that these are just the ones we are aware of, because we ve encounter them in Kosovo, the only way more in deep sea yeah. They don't know much about those guys right right and the ones that are in deep sea, though even counted tend to be so fragile that we can't collect them here, because they're, not tough, they don't have to put up with the now: their merits and waves, and let us vote out there and you look at them too hard and they crumble. So one type of account jelly is situated And they are- all round their spherical or oval. If those branch chemicals that we talked about, those chemicals are lower

can they they can actually draw them back into the body when it's cold yet, which is pretty cool, see I believed, they have like sheets sides of their mouths that draws back into it is pretty cool, amazing I'm than theirs low, Bates yeah, which have lobes on the sides right there and that's about it to have the loaves and that's what they're known for their rights? These are chemical. All these are the the dude that have no tentacles so the way they eat is. They have a big big mouth that draws in a lot of stuff and then a very tight, almost zipper like thing that,

and then they can shut that mouth really hard when just mush all that stuff up well, they they have Celia inside their mouths. They act like tea, set, pull their prey apart alive teeth to the teeth of the handles weird jet lag yet, but the little their teeth to picket like their prey and this poem apart some basically mechanically amazing heavier sent a video of the year. The pelican, whose standing there there's a pigeon like on the ground rules for now send the pigeon the Falcons each the pigeon and the pigeons like trying to get out of the pelicans like huge mouth now, and the pelicans just sitting there like nothing's happening and then finally like the pigeon saps moving. It is really disturbing while because you you

you know like pelicans, don't normally eat live pigeon serves like there's something wrong with this pelikan earlier. It is, then that a Lily reserve rip like no remorse whatsoever yeah. It's a this is disconcerting video, specific you're, a pigeon lover which I'm not I'm selling. I hate pigeons where you'd want to see him get Mina eaten in by Pelican as it's weird as totally strange ready the stuff out. So weird, maybe Gimme showed me down here. You guys always have a lot of weird videos, I figured you- and you may just always talking about did you see the one where you now fear the Pelican eight, the pigeon yeah Agatha is pretty me, sir. Become jellies distribution wise. They are also all over the oceans. They duper. Little warmer water though, but you can't find them anywhere right,

we're talking earlier about the fact that they are from different FILA and that there's this in a drunken argument going on, amongst It is at the Monterey Bay Inquiry of how how closely they did. They are used to all be described as sullen Solana. Rada, which is hollow bellied earlier, makes sense, but they don't they don't say that. Nowadays, peace man, if you wanna, be ridiculed by your peers. Call on that, but some people say you know their sister group, some people say nope they're, not even that closely related to the debate rages on. I guess you up, so what was interesting is that we even know how along jellies have been around because there they have no solid part. Yet you'd think he'd be hard to find a fossil or know it. They have gelatinous parts. They don't have any hardened parts there. That will be

a slice easily, but there have been some discovery. Some amazing discoveries of jellyfish and come jellies about five hundred million years ago, it's the I believe, the oldest known specimens found This is one found in Utah, is apparently Utah used to be low inland sea- and I had these jellyfish in it, and I guess something happened. This jellyfish was crushed by rock something a lot of pressure, I would think, but all of a sudden it is captured it because it's it's like a perfect ITALY Drawing of jellyfish in Iraq is amazing and it's the oldest fossil and its violent. Million years old. Those of pretty lucky find actually define. This is jellyfish that should not have been fossilized. That was vastly so we do know that their about two hundred or a hundred and fifty million years older than fish fish

even around by then, and they think that possibly see com or jelly calm, her sorry come jellies. There were it possible, they were the earliest most branch off even more even earlier than sponges, what didn't they find that the jellyfish was the first animal in the sea that didn't just flowed along like a dummy yeah that actually use muscles to swim places yet knows possible. I was the comb jellies that did that, so it's possible com, jellies, branched off from the We have life, so it's one type of animal, then all of a sudden there's a comb jelly right. What is this black magic? You speak and then maybe the jellyfish some later point branched off of the come jelly right there but either way would have been the calm and or the jellyfish that were the first to say. We're going this way, yeah users for grandma budget moron year waiting for food to hit. You were embarrassed for you were speaking of food.

They are all carnivorous and they eat like said the lead anything maybe was plankton, but they eat fish. They eat crustacean. Some other jellyfish, which is disgusting, and those new mad assistant, coloured glass, the stingers or the glue guns. They are good for defence, but There are a hundred fifty animals, it also eat the jellies efficiency turtles, others that sunfish love them. Whether back sea turtles love em. They they journey to find them yeah, that's how much they love em, the Chinese YA, think

human beings. Each Oliver gathers apparently a wedding delicacy in China and has been for about fifteen sixteen hundred years. Arza catered salmon and Chicken Marbella yeah four hundred twenty five thousand tonnes of jellyfish boycott each year in fifteen countries, mainly in Southeast Asia, where their eating these yeah. But I read that Georgia, our state of Georgia, has a commercial jellyfish really big jams, jellies you and reserved moonshine, he totally jellyfish was sure our try apparently also it served in Japan tooth salted, which would be good

I would try and raw I. Why would try raw jellyfish ensue she or something like that, but I would guess that salted swiftly jellyfish Parleyed vastly preferable, I'm not nearly as adventurous you with my mouth in my stomach via a might. Try jellyfish even told him how much I love it here. Hey he descrie, while you're lucky you're so beautiful. Why? Why would he woolly mammoth you like them, there is eager to bring forth when you remember, supposedly that does nothing have you heard about the earlier than the new studies is forcing is no good. Well, we talked about it. Could they said it depends on how you talk to you

People are saying like no. They just realized that no one's ever done a scientific study to back up that fighting is good for you and other people saying like no. They did some studies and found that it it doesn't do anything which I cannot believe we either just talked about this. The last recording session or we talked about it on stage now we ve hardly talked about stage because it came out while we're in the UK, ok yeah, but the idea that getting rotting food out from between your teeth has no positive health benefits, for you is just defies explanation, agree. It wasn't stage because it made a crack about missing my teeth earlier. I remember now feeding as far as them. Feeding on other things, we talked about

chemicals that they have to capture pray yeah and these nemesis. It's amazing these. Basically there described in the article as venom bearing harpoons. So what happens is there's a cue. It's either something as such them or to chemical q that something is around and they out this little harpoon in within seven hundred nanoseconds. It spears the prey and releases a toxin. Yes and it's it's I think it yeah, if you, if you, a fish you're in trouble for another jellyfish you're in trouble, something smaller and that you can totally dead and depending on the job, If you're human being you can die as a matter of fact too. Yes, we talk about that, do yeah, so the there's the sea was obviously which has the most toxic venom on

as far as humans are concerned, but then there is also another type of box jellyfish that are met. Tiny, I think they're about thumb, sized or peanut sized. Yet you can you don't even see these things or if Did you see him and they brush against EU, probably not giving in to feel the sting they had a small scale there? Iraq Angie yet Is there an aboriginal word yet for for this type of jellyfish right? There's a dude in the sixties You know who I was like way. What is with this jellyfish? I I've heard weird things about it know much about it. I'm gonna go out and let myself gets done by one year. Where did he get killed very easily by something at any given point ostrello here exactly cause they're, the ones they ve got. The sea was to go and they have to do with the sea was say these little guys, the recurrent g that how we agreed we're going to say it yet

country, air candy, so this guy survive, but he would not not well. We had a hard time getting to the point where they like you're going to survive. Yet he was lucky to survive yet so you get a sting from one of these things, just a single technical. Apparently in about twenty two thirty minutes, what's called you're Kanzi syndrome starts to set it and yet- and you feel it in your lower back for Threeg, yeah, you don't know you ve been stones here to cite a man like a tweet, my back out there in the ocean and then things really sorry Zelda, then you go through appear right, kidney. Yet in this critical eats said, it feels like someone hits you with a baseball bat in your kidneys and then comes the nausea in vomiting, which continues every minute or so for around twelve hours? If you have it You get spasms in your arms and legs, or blood pressure increases. Your skin begins secrete. He says as if one,

the through it. Yes, I did decide video of a guy who was stung and he said it felt like someone was pouring acid all over my body, yeah from just being pressed by the storms Thea, tiny little jellyfish and then there's this is the creepy thing to me. Ass. His victims are often gripped with a sense of impending doom and begged their doctors to kill them imagine and their spreading their range. Actually, they found him off the coast of Florida. They found him off the coast of South Africa so either not to be messed with down with your country right. Have you ever heard that you should p and somebody who's been stunned by jellyfish I've seen friends? So that's not true. The endless actually found I could make it worth sober myth yet, but it does actually some science to write So if you get it, if you gets done by jellyfish of its technical hit you and in your stung, by an embarrassed, yet there may be some

Dover ones still attached to your arm right now and you want to get rid of those. But if you get rid of home, if you poor, sages, freshwater, ahem, you're gonna trigger you're gonna triggered the little harpoons inside yet because their held in place by a specific concentrate saw you yeah right. So if you change that concentration by hitting refresh where you gonna, set em off you any day, what're you seaboard here, because their held in check in seawater normal here tease, you already wash it off, and then you take a credit card and scrape the rest of our more yet. But it really is. Kind of Verona. What, if you, if you don't have a credit card on you sure, you're, not but suppose they use was to keep sand out of it. Yes, tough to deal, I didn't make the beach. I did it dont be dominant beers back Romania on the year. Would you do in the chair

Also two words of your member I or getting back to the feeding. We covered the the harpoon, the democracies of the jelly, but the come jelly like we talked about earlier that this is an analysis. They had the glue instead of the venom. So what they do is they send out that fishing line really set sticky glue and reels whatever it catches right on into the mouth, pretty cool there like something being sacked toward the death star, yeah exact, a tractor beam you get caught in a tractor beam, basically to take a break away. There is one other thing, so one type of calm jelly. This is so awesome. They actually eat true jellies and then they take their nemesis in use them for their own hunting. How, like how so they like they absorb them here and shoot amounting to save them. Forget that took him in their cheek for later. Can they

unlimited supply. These I dont know spurious. If you could see, one would like three hundred of them look look how many have eaten therapy a pig sure used spit some of those out now. Can we take a break? Yes by the way we dissatisfied when listener. Is you rejected my break? Oh yeah, sure, however, that man alive, I will be back in talk a little bit about the the new It is about us which resolutions do you plan to conquer and twenty twenty become more mindful. Orkut,

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right. So why promised talk of defence? These things you ve, probably seen jellyfish come jellies, it produces despite luminescence, although when I said earlier, Come jelly when it looks colorful that is not by eliminate, since there are still by eliminates it does not in that way right so confusing they actually do produce light. They have these proteins that have a chemical reactions. Caprices blue in Greenland, when something might touch it and gaelic. Moon jellies are well known for the area and they're, not exactly Why? But they think that this could be it a defensive mechanism d like either scare someone trying to eat you by turning a light on their faith. Yet

turning a line on attracting something larger to eat. That thing right either way they think its defects and then alternately some jellyfish have camouflage actually not as good as the octopus, no, no, no, no, not at all, but I mean please summer most are transparent. It's pretty good camouflage, then some of the deep sea ones, are actually read. They produce a red pigment and the Red apparently is very, very difficult to see in deep water, which is like two hundred metres or more words, there's no light. Yet you think it would be black, but they say that the red is easier to produce and relax exactly so Blackwood work. It's you try making by pigment here. I can't read and read the same down there yes, it's all black, focusing so some of them do that and then others have just read: pigmented their got right if they,

a bio luminescence organism is not going to accidently attract a predator, too comes check, interesting see. This is really the octopus is threatened in my still the little bit no one's own about this in its own, stable wolsey I'll, give a final vote at the end. So to me this is now we get to the most amazing part. Well, one of the most amazing part about jellies sexy time yeah. So it is not very sexy. Now, although it's like every kind of sex, you can imagine jelly this engagement and not just different species like individual, sir. Some are hermaphroditic here. Some are sexually divided, yeah sums and re sexual? He up some the summer reproduce asexually. Sometimes in some species like the moon jelly, I believe

they'll get together in one big mass starts swapping sperms and eggs. Yet spit that mouthful? There is some box wine apart, put on my, though your house, your house, keys in a big wooden ball. I know you have it. That's the jellyfish So the medusa that that you know and love is the main true jelly they spawn. So what they do is they release a bunch of eggs and sperm into the open and a lot of times all together and they do this from their mouth hole and take it in in there a whole and the sperm meets the egg and that's how it happens, ideally or in some kinds the the egg stay in the mouth of the female and male just shoot sperm

into the water right sperm find their way into the mouth, the way to go, or they. Fertilize outside in the water, like you were saying here, and then in others. There they they don't even necessarily get together through the polyps, yet feel just be like a policy to be sitting there viewing out sperm eggs gamete like all day long, one, one type spews out like forty three forty six thousand a day every day, all the time and then the whole idea is eventually maybe it'll run into another gamete and fertilizer arrest. The come jelly. Actually I was that account. Does that yeah? Ok, the pilot

the ones that are a sexual and they just bud and divide and half basically to produce a little difficult buddy, and then that can stay up. Oliver can eventually become a reduced yak. Just the thing like the policy is a it's a stage. A jellyfish, the jellyfish lifecycle. Candy wishes, be it yeah, that's true, you can you can stay a pilot or you can eventually become up this year, we didn't say that the depending on the jellyfish might live for a few weeks or a year. Yet, apparently they they do better in captivity, intend to live up to several years in captivity. I get the idea that pretty fragile out there in the ocean yeah, but the

and reproduce so frequently and so early on in their lifecycle that they they can populated area very quickly to the despite having a very short lifespan. Yes and then in the pilot stage, some species can stay there for what basically almost indefinitely in just sit there and reproduce. There's a type of reproduction in the pilot stage where it's called strobe relation and the little policies sitting there just shooting off these little discs? Ten or fifteen years time there and they found that, depending on the temperature of the water the warmer the water, the more they struggle. Eight though they'll be more and more jellyfish that they just kind of chewed off, like this article put it like shooting of clay, pigeons, yeah right. One does transforms anew. Medusa man, that's amazing, Octopus centre,

and then oh. This is super cool, the turret Optus Neutral Gula. It is basically a mortal that is a hydra zone and it can actually revert back to the pilot stage after the medusa stage, through trans differentiation and live for essentially amount which killed, obviously by something in it is the only animal that anyone knows of that can do this yet amazing, there's another type of terror tops is too that when it dies, it disintegrates, but it sells some cells as it as its decaying, come back and form another individual? Yes, so it basically fertilizers itself in its dying body an regenerates. This is like certainly forever here. Yeah stepped into the force all right, so we,

earlier about these jellyfish blooms or outbreaks plagues they arms? What else does it is great that these things are proliferating, like other bases that art, but it can get out of hand, can interfere with people can interfere with a machinery it at power plants on the coast, cause power outage. Outages fisheries yeah then get away where people trying to fish for something else. Now we're getting a jellyfish yet and there's been examples of all the stuff happening over time like they shut down the? U S, S Ronald Reagan, ones, which is a nuclear powered more ship now, because it gets a bunch of jellyfish get sucked up into the cooling system. They shut down power plants in India, in Japan, in the Philippines, and they think this there's. If there is a debate over

whether come jellies and jellyfish related, there's a huge debate over whether or not we are seeing a natural outcome of jellyfish life cycles, right blooms, this is just happening there. Is this a normal thing or are we humans contributing to it? And if we humans are contributing to a they basically say this, probably one of four ways at this? you're. One of them is overfishing, basically just less competition for food. They there eating this zooplankton and if other fish, that normally that aren't there, then the jellyfish like sweet more for me but they open, apparently Jellyfish June, are not known to go on diet. They just gorge themselves constantly here, but

nutrients yeah. When we are when we release fertilizers firm cropland into areas were jellyfish live. We can cause algal blooms, yet runs off eventually into the sea. Yeah in it actually can deeply oxygen. So there's two things: one: you ve got a bunch of zooplankton in fighter planes in which Guess there eating the zoo, plankton that jellyfish eat right. Yes, and then you have lower oxygen which jellyfish can live in and survival. A lot more easily because again they much lower metabolism than most other organisms, their competing for food with. Yet so their competition again is dying off while they're just like this is great, keep eating moral day. Thank you, humans for putting on nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. He started get the idea why these things have been,

four, five hundred to seven hundred million years, they can compete climate change with the warming ocean. Some of those jellies love it embryos, marble develop better and more quickly, so the populations grow more quickly and a lot of them prefer that warmer water, so they I bring it on yet and there actually that, like I said there has with at least one study that looked at how jellyfish reproduce in warmer water and also water, that of higher acidity their predicting through ocean acidification, which is the result of higher seo to increases in both of those suggested jellyfish you're gonna do just fine under the cap change they were facing for cockroaches in jellyfish are the only things that we're gonna be around Monday and finally, that, with a calm ocean sprawl, is you know what

building things down the middle, the ocean now drilling platforms and dogs and oil platforms, hard structures and jellyfish the polyps, especially that we're talking about that. They attach to something sand or share lads belly button is not the easiest thing to attach to Usher alive is born without a belly. Button claimed a faint upsurge ahead since it about me He's through me they're, so what they do love to attach to us. Solid, so they love they love it. Acting under the ocean sprawl and oil so whatever else is out there and they do very well attached to affirm that the chair lads belly button isn't firm. That is done, exists that certainly bat an iron girder. So this is really great story about jellyfish and just how quickly they can take us

yeah right in the Black Sea windows ship releases, its cargo. Is it off the coast of Germany? Here, no, that's the north in the Baltic Kirk. Don't train screw me up here with the Black Sea or they may caviar right and actually terrorism like entire national economies, are based on things like caviar and sardines in anchovy. And you saw these amazing fish now- and this ship apparently took on some sea water after it released its cargo to keep itself stable guy and when it got it black Sea released it and one of the things are released. Was this type of jellyfish called the sea walnut and This is a nineteen eighty, two sons, cute merci Walnut makes its way into the black Sea in eighteen. Eighty two in two thousand to be total A mass of sea walnuts in the black Sea to the Black Sea was ten

times the total bio mass of all the fish there were taken, the world's oceans by commercial fishing, while it got jellyfish, basically Olga yeah in they were competing with them. The these, the other fish for these zooplankton the food source in winning big time yet, and so all these fisheries collapse, alleys economies are in trouble and then it just so happens that some other ship had picked up a different type of jellyfish there was a natural predator of the sea walnut and came along and save the day totally by a stroke of luck, the sea while Nutcracker. Ah, yes, I did see that. Actually you sent me that that's amazing, you saw it all worked out. Everything about jellyfish is amazing. Yeah final score for me: Octopus, one hundred jellyfish, ninety seven rule- that is close. It is nice one three point at the end:

wanted, but it didn't nope rimmed out server. If you want to know more, if anything else, you all know more about jellyfish income jellies and that kind of stuff you can take those words into the search bar has the force that come and ass insisted search for simply listener. Mail, tried at three p m, which means are bedtime, is just about. For short, our I actually try to get a bed before my one year old, daughter, the other night yeah. Now that's bad parenting. You, Sir you piece of Tibet away. She finally drifted other. Like eight thirty- and I was out of eight thirty, two nights are I'm gonna call this help me get married. A guy's recently got married to my beautiful wife. Congratulate. With whom I have been with for over eight years, while the prospect of being married to her

for me at all the thought of having to be in the centre of attention facing my love to my then fiance in front of all of our guest, and to look like a dummy during ceremony was had he say, nauseatingly frightening terrifying excuse me, Stephen was not he's got a problem However, during the hours leading up to the ceremony, I kept my mind occupied by listening to the melodious tones of your voices, teaching me about while some things I really dont. Remember honestly, I was a little occupied, so we were literally dislike. Mom was a girl. S M are yet to see. You don't even know what we are talking about. There's just the sounds were voices suit them very nice nervousness Erica, skies. Everything ultimately went very well we're both now very happy to be together for good and not have to plan a wedding again. Thank you for having may get there

worst, but my pre wedding anxiety of ice instead, the worst day of my life for making such a terrific podcast, and that is Stephen Hall. His a Phd candidate in pharmacology, we'll think sluts, Stephen Gratulation Cinder, surmise annex popular in the mail he's a candidate, a pc, Canada has access to that kind of stuff. Well guarantee you. He won't be a candidate anymore. If we start sending us making people farmers, they gave him his badge, Stephen, almost in a check, if you and again touch of those for any reason whatsoever, you can t to us it s. Why escape? I guess you can join us on Facebook that complex that we should now. You can send a sunny mail to stuff pike Ass, the house of works that car.

It is always run the soda home on the web. Stop. You should know dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics, as it has a workshop calm. We are living in complicated times, I'm seventy rule, MSNBC Anchor and NBC News correspondent in my new pod cast modern rules. I'm gonna be spending time unpacking some of the hearings of today's tat. I decided I was with you survived survival price, but equal board. They won't need its american listen and subscribe to my new pod cas modern rules on Apple five test, the iron radioactive. Wherever you get her back,