Hey thoughts. I want to tell you about the room by seven plus robot vacuum. It features the clean base automatic dirt disposal which automatically empties its been into an hour John Locke bag that hold sixty days of debris in captures. Ninety nine percent appalling mould and thus mites so you can forget about vacuuming for months time. If it's not from, I robot, it's not a rumour for offers and to learn more go to. I robot dot com, slash stuff, The letter I robot dotcom, slash stuff hey everybody, we ve already made our big tour announcement for the year but

This is a little different because we have added a show because Denver sold out, so we have added a second show endeavour. Nice year were going to be there on Wednesday, the twenty seventh we added to show the day before same place, gothic theatre angle with Colorado, and you can go to ask why S cave, live dot, com to get em following tickets for that show, and all the rest of our shows teacher, that's right, boss in April fourth Dc April, fifth, Saint Louis may, twenty second and Cleveland Ohio may twenty third come out, see us welcome step. You should now has the floor. Pay, and was one of the pod cast. I'm Josh Clerk, there's Charles Double check, Bryant, there's Jerry over there. So it step you should know the punk clean studio version, feel weird in here, because too good for us or something

me here to say. You folks know Jerry TEST a couple of the editor engineers here with coming in in cleaning up the pile of spaghetti that used to flow from the back of her workstation nice, not those Jerry's fault and she said clean up my mass, but she clapped twice in rapid succession. They know that meets right. The Olaf instruments, snap do it, looks good though it does, but now we actually have room to put stuff. So we should put himself in here. I agree the little bare Papas on right. There might be nice

Well, we could fit of small papers on most people don't realize, but this places lousy IKEA lamps. I mean everywhere and we're cheapest wines later one of them's on fire. I now they allow area smaller, smouldering still fire chuck. Speaking of fire, yes, you only know somebody who had some fire in her more than most people realise there rose parks, who is now one of my old time heroes, because before the rows of parts I knew again it was like the Harriet Tubman up beside bright learned about her in school. She's great american Respecter, revere her here's. Why sitting give up her seat on the bus? Now? Not only is that, like just the tip of the iceberg, it wasn't though about the last five or so years. I think no one, last four years, the like a fool.

Sure of this woman and who she was unlike what she stood for and what drove her emerged, not just to the public in general, but it to historians, even because her personal papers were basically held up in auction for years and years and years and now now that they ve been donated for ten. Like ten years, the library yeah we're starting to get a clear picture of her and she was even more work, veering. Then then people knew before yeah I mean the what the story isn't is. Rosa parks was just quiet, lady. He was super tired on the bus. One day said she didn't want to get up, her dogs were yap, and yet not true in Shiva makes a point in her personal paper saying

I was forty two years old. I was no more time than I was after any day at work right, but I what I was tired of was being told to get up by white bus driver to make room for white passenger rights. That was not my doctorate barking right. So she um the sheep. I think one of the reasons why she was kind of whittled down into this this woman, who is just tired and wasn't going to give up her seat, could she shouldn't have had to in the first place and then just ass. She was meek, quiet person also is another way that she was drawn yeah. I think, reasons why she was whittled into that package was because she became an icon for the civil rights movement. And one of the things that the civil rights movement had to do for better or worse, was to get the establishment both wider. Lacking on the side of the civil rights movement, which was a movement of agitation and if you agile,

at the time, as is the Jim Crow era, yeah, thereby trouble. This wasn't like just trouble. People are going to tell you on twitter. This is trouble like the cops might arrest you for some made up, fraction and then be in rape, you on the way to the jail, and then you would end up in the prison system. Kind of trouble like this is the kind of Well, there's a woman who refuse to give up proceed on the bus faced it at this time, so the idea of taking a woman who was, I guess, palatable to as many people as possible, right and in saying look at this woman, but we need to protect this woman's rights in, do what's right,

I think that's why she get kind of whittled down into that. But if you are looking back now historically issue, there is so much more than just then she was certainly not meek and mild. Yeah, I mean distilling the story down for schoolbooks is, is one thing but like I'm glad now that people can get up more robust picture. Yet so out of this comes from website called a great black heroes, dot com, a really good, linked the article and then also I want to shout out a book series called little people, big dreams and it's a kids book series. It we ve been reading to my daughter. In fact, kind of all. She wants to read right now, and they are on a great women in history and can have brutally honest for to be reading two kids, but they didn't it's kind of cool. They weren't, they didn't upper whitewash anything, it's sort alike,

My Angelo was not treated well by white people. When I you read that to your kid and Rosa This is one and then there's Frida Kahlo, Cocoa, Chanel, Amelia Erhard, Marie Curie Agatha Christie and more but both pretty murder like they draw merely erhard skeleton on the beach and You know it s the only one we haven't gotten to yet because every night, its retreat, I read Frida. But it's literally like Frida Kahlo is lying in the street after she gets hit by a taxi and she's bloody and her legs don't work again after assessed, so I mean it's pretty brutal. Stop it and announce gonna call. My kids can read the stuff and digested and make sure it's a good way to

in them on the path towards true stories and a sharp annum to like a razors edge at a young age and look out for taxis. Let's get out of good advice at any age are its Rosa parks, let's go back to where she was born and to ski Alabama on February, fourth, nineteenth team to while she was born Rosa Louise MC caully today in Leonora MC caully, who were a carpenter and school teacher respectively, right her parents split. I guess you, I don't No, how old she was. I guess she was younger than six, but her father went to go look for work. North and your mom wanted to stay in the south. So sooner, in a brother moved him with her mothers, parents, her grandparents, Grandfather played a really distinct role in shaping her cause. She moved in with them when she is like a sit around six. Yet another time this place pine level which is outside of Montgomery Alabama?

there is a lot of clan violence, a lot of violence against black, so the hands of the conflict, plant, deaf and dumb. Her grandfather was not have in it. He was actually he was the son of a slave woman and slave owner. So he was, I believe, half white. He was a slave himself. He had an owner at a young age, you really brutally mistreated, I'm tried to starve them for a little bit and her grandfather developed what she called and a very intense passionate hatred for white people indefinitely harder than that to his daughters and his granddaughter grandchildren. Wouldn't let his grandchildren play with white kids didn't night, his daughter,

work for why families he was very much, and it sounds like pretty well founded against white people and definitely some of that rubbed off on rose at the very least. Her eyes were opened to just how unjust the system was at the time when she was growing up we're. Just there wasn't, even just through his eyes, like she went to a segregated school that she had to write. White students were picked up and bus to the school. She went to an elementary school called Montgomery Industrial School for girls. Very cool schools created by some northern white northerners to basically trying foster education he's more rural black communities. In the south and east and go over well educating kid so that schools burned down twice and then couple that, with all the you know, influence from her grandfather- and it's no surprise- it rose

barks from a very very early age, was, was an activist yeah so and activists we're talking like from age six onward by so she dropped out of school, which would have been a huge. Point here to take care of her grandmother and then I think your mom later on, they both fell ill and she met. I think age. Seventeen, her aid, and then later on at age, nineteen married her husband, Raymond Parks and he encouraged her to go back and finish school and she did. It was a huge move because she was very much meant to be an educated person so on the fact that she she met. Raymond was a huge influence in that respect. He was also a big influence on her because she said that he was activists, like real activists that she ever met, and I believe this is even before the end of a lazy p, was in town. This guy was like a grass roots activist I, and he and his group were

the armed. Do you remember in the black Panthers episode where area like the whole deal. Arming yourself came out of the south to this. Guy was like Raymond Parts is one of the the real the people who originated that- and he and the group of activists that he had met with, would I'll, come to the house and everyone who have a gun and fairly Rosa Parks, and sometimes there are so many guns on the table. Is she in any place to set the refreshments during these meetings? But these meetings weren't, like you, know how we gonna get why people back it was. How are we gonna protect like the Scots boys from false rake, rape accusations. He was. He was an early preemptively cp activists in Montgomery Yan later on

Member of the UN doubly cp. We should do a show and Scots were boys at some point too much you get into here, but the short version is a group of black man on a train were accused of rape by two white women who just made up the story basically went to trial a few times, and while you know it was, will save the outcome. Ok, because they're all kinds of outcomes because withdrawals of many times so she did finish high school and she became involved along with her husband in the Montgomery Chapter, the end of lay cp and work as their secretary for fourteen year. So Natalie wishing activists, but she was involved and in service of these innovations like she worked for them, like whatever you need done, I will do and anyone here

ever volunteered, like knows that, I guess foot soldiers for lack of a better term are some of the most important people too, like in the black Panthers absurd, when you know that the women didn't get nearly the recognition that they should have gotten purchased being that organization running on time, so shy, but she was more than volunteer, though she had some really boost jobs you'll gravity like she was in it. The creator of sexual assault of black one by white men, which is a very dangerous thing. You because you're going to like interview witnesses to crimes that are being prosecuted because they are perpetrated by white people? She was a joke Four prisoner advocate. She did a lot of like really important stuff and issues doing this stuff, as the second

for the local and build and doubly cp. She was also making contact with later become really important in this nascent civil rights movement. That Largely grew out of the Montgomery Bus boycott we're gonna talk about. I had no idea how big of event was the newly but I didn't realize, like how far reaching their effects of it were area in this. Another kind of important thing happened to her. As far as immigration goes. Is she got a tat job at Maxwell. Air force base for a little while which, because it was a federal institution, was integrated, and this was the first time that she had first time she had worked in it. Basically in a professional, integrated atmosphere threat and that, along with the Highlander Folk School, which is maybe you should have shown that to night.

Fifty five. She went to a meeting a workshop at the Highlander Folk School and this is in the hills of Tennessee, and it is opened today is the highland, a research and education centre, not an original building, but it was just this great folk school where they prepared. Kids for activism, workers try to get people involved in civil rights and she actually get sponsored by the white couple that you work for her to go to these meetings. It Michael Tennessee so and that Maxwell AIR Force base. You mention one thing she later several I think they found in her papers was description of like because it was an integrated base. The bus service on base was integrated as well yeah, so she would be writing next to like up a white friend on the bus on base and then once they would get off at the bus on basing it under a city bus. They would have to stop their conversation and get into the different sections. The whites action in the colored section, and

That was just the reality of it. In one thing that has really come through from her papers is that she made a conscious decision, two to never normalized that do not be like. Well, that's just how it is that's just like that. She would never let herself do that. Instead, it was this is this is master. This has to be changed. She was able to get through their day with this knowledge, but she was never like this is normal, or this is ok. Yeah me she said it require thinking was a lot of mental gymnastics just to survive data day as a black person in America. So in other words you are not accepted and do everything and read my head around what I can do moving forward wreck. We take a break, you may

and take a break, will come back and we all start on December. First, nineteen fifty five very important day, Hey everybody. I wanna talk to you about your website that doesn't look good and this hard to program because airspace does it better yeah they do square space Is this amazing magical tool that you can just basically good people, and all of a sudden, you have a website to do whatever you want with you can use it to sell stuff. You can use it to tell your world about all the great thoughts you have and now Skurse based also offers email campaign, so you can take business embryo low it up here we square space, ourself are very popular. As well as K, live website keeps track of Oliver Comings and goings, and Oliver alive shows- and it's always a Jew

way to go in there and update the squares basic causes so easy, and it always look so great, and it makes me feel smarter than I am. Yet. They offered customizable lay out powerful, editing, mobile editing, not just for your website, but also for email campaigns to so go check. It out, go to square space, dot com, slash stuff today, so just go to square space. Dotcom flushed today for a free trial when you're ready to launch everyone use the offer code stuff to save ten percent on your first. Of a website or domain square space. Just go check it out all right. So it's December first, one thousand nine hundred and fifty five Rosa parks is working as a seamstress at the time at a department

or she gets off work like she does every day and boards bust. Twenty eight fifty seven Cleveland Avenue Bus at about six o clock and here's the deal with the buses at the time. There were a certain amount of rose set aside for white people, and then there was a sign that said in a black people. They probably said coloured people back then consent from here back, but that sign could move. So as more white people get on the bus the bus driver gets up and moves that sign back and says right by folks. You gotta get up get your seats, because now the white section is here and just keep doing that until a sensibly, the entire bus could be full of white people and they say sorry I'll- have to get off right. Yeah you either had to get up a move. You see if there were not cease like you had to stand if there was Standing Room, you, I d, get off the birthright and then, if but you are getting on if you were African American, if the White action was already full. You had to get

to the front of the bus, pay. Get off at the bus and get onto that back door. They could even walk through the white section and then you you know you could take your seat in the colored section. So there is a lot going on here of at least half of this law was unwritten. Custom right right. The local ordinance in Montgomery Alabama said that buses had to be segregated. There is a white section in there is a colored section. They put it right now, all that about moving the sign about getting up in like having to the bus if there wasn't any standing room for you if more white people came on, all that was discussed, That was not law. That was not the low. Ordinance, but it was so practised on a daily basis is that it might as well have been the law for sure, and that's really all that matters is if that IRAN is playing ball, that's what's gonna happen yap because they fear the courts would even prosecutes.

As if you had broken the law right, if you had not actually broken the law but had broken this custom so yeah. For all intents and purposes it was the law. So the driver of that bus was one James, Blake and Rosa had a long memory and a previous incident with Mr Blake twelve years previous one thousand nine hundred and forty three she had paid her fair and, like you were talking about with the fact that I couldn't even walk to the white section. He said he got to get off the bus go around two forced her while she D Artagnan answered no yet reenter on the rear she got out and he was like Psych closed the door and drove off with your bus fare right. Yes, she had already pay those the nineteen forty three incident and she remembered twelve years later, Sir James Blake LAW. I would probably

forget that bus drivers, and so on. On this day she got on an dumb. She took her seat in the colored section and when she sat down again, she was behind the sign- and I guess, after a couple of stops and think about this management riding the bus and say you have like seven stops. Think by that pit. That would be in your stomach on a daily basis like I'm gonna have to get up. We're gonna have to be humiliated, I'm again to give up my c to a white person, because even if somebody who is told that they had to get up because a white person needed to sit there, even if these This kind of quietly complied that doesn't that doesn't get the point across how they were feeling right. Then anybody would be humiliated by that, and I read that one of the reasons why buses not just a Montgomery, but throughout the segregate itself they were kind of flashpoints because they were people were in such close quarters. It was the racism was

it up in your face in front of a bunch of other people, so the humiliation is even more pronounced stripe, so so Rosa part get on the bus. She takes her seat in the colored section and after a few stop Some white people got on and the driver James Blake said that it was time for them to move that these white people needed to see and he was moving the sign back at least one raw yeah. So at this point I am there's one white dude left without a seat so as his custom he made for black folks get out of there

You see it's on that road. Everyone had moved back, there had to be a whole new white road. Just for this one guy three of the passengers, gotta move, Rosa Parks to slit over to the window, seat sat there and he said, are you gonna get up and she said now, I'm not, he said. Well, if you don't stand up, I'm gonna have to call the police have you arrested and she said you may do that off now, man I mean do so brave and so the police did come. She was arrested. She was booked charged with this disorderly conduct and bailed out by Clifford Dirt, EDGAR Nixon, who were the local president of the boat, the chapter of the doubly sepia the time right so arm, she's out at least temporarily yeah the next evening. So she spent the night in jail oh, I didn't run across any any step,

Windsor. Any kind of evidence that she was like physically mistreated are virtually abused by the police, but that that seems to be unusual for people who were arrested for not giving up their seats on the bus. What did she was not mistreated? Right yeah, I mean I'm sure they didn't throughout the welcome at no no Madame the lives of over this is actually this is nowhere. The here. Do you wanna talk about how she was not the first person that year, not the first woman to have been arrested for not giving up proceed on the bus sure. This is something I didn't realize. I think a lot of people than realises, but there are at least two other women. Montgomery, who were arrested that same year. One was a Clodagh Colvin issues, fifteen at the time when she pregnant too, she got pregnant afterward Boca, but she was

keen and she were in March- was arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus. She said at the time she was scared to death, but she felt one side, Sojourner truth is holding her down on the other side. Harriet Tubman was holding her down and she was not about to get up so they they took her up. The bus and arrested her and apparently she was ridiculed entreated, rather roughly

There is another woman. Her name was Mary, Louise Smith. I believe she was eighteen at the time she had been arrested like in October. For the same thing, I didn't get the impression that she was necessarily treated roughly bite but Rosa parts when she was arrested from what I can tell she was treated like the the with the respect that would be afforded to a middle class black woman at the time in Montgomery Alabama, which is to say with maybe the slightest measure of respect, which is to say she was beaten. I waited to jail, there's a book by the way called Clodagh, Colvin Cohen, twice toward justice from Phil, whose or whose- and I think, a lot of people these days are trying to shine a little light on So the lesser known figures that the civil rights movement and books are being written so like that which is pretty awesome and she she was asked Clodagh Colvin was asked like why. Why does she think it was Rosa Parks and not her, and she had a

list of reasons, and all of them are pretty legitimate that you know Rosa Parks as a very again but palatable person to a large swathes of people and more the point. She is also fifteen and the end w C p didn't think that a fifteen year old was gonna, be the most reliable icon to a kind of project. The national forefront yeah, not to say that a lot of people have said over the years that it was staged so because they set Rosa parks set her up, but they they picked her to do this because she was palatable. They say just one thing to make, which you know what I've been fine, if that's the way want to kick start the bus boycott, but from all accounts was a in the moment decision. Cease said I didn't know that I was gonna get arrested in. There was gonna sit down here. It's just something I have and so so. On the one hand, the people who say they now this is staged the end, W c p m. Even

For then doubly cp was around. Buses had been like a target of black. Activists in Montgomery in particular for decades. I think the first bus boycott was in nineteen hundred and it was even a bus services, probably line is, was boycotted so sheep in having already been the secretary of the enabling c p and an activist for years by then she must have been fully aware of the potential outcome, which proved to be the actual outcome from her arrest for not giving up proceed. But the idea of saying that this was all staged. It does a couple of things. It's almost like gum, a casually racist wave, just kind of diminishing, because if it does two things, one is,

the way, her bravery, because if, if a litter, if it was stage to make her own decision, pour the whole time there, wouldn't it would have taken away a measure of of fear and then secondly, it also makes the end up Lacy pilot kind of sneaky, like their social engineering stuff. In pretending, like that's not the case too. I think by saying, like knows who staged a really undermines the reality of the situation, which is that this brave woman said she'd had enough yeah and you're right. You probably it probably occurred to her the ramifications of this, but surely vetch. Anything in the moment choose to site. No, no, not gettin up, That's what I understand this, what she's always said there so here's what happened from there she was arrested like us, He gets out on bail over that weekend. A bunch of churches got together and they started talking boycott,

on the when her trial comes around as a group called the women's political council and they handed out thirty five thousand handbills. The basically said: please, children grown ups, don't ride the bus at all. On Monday, please stay off the buses on Monday. Let's really try and make a difference here, because it was, I think, the time black people made up. Seventy five percent of the passengers. Yeah so it could have a real impact on like the finances of the bus company. Yet this was started out as a boycott for one day for this They following Rosa parcel arrest, which has happened on a Thursday, and they were just going to do it for one day, but the success of it was so surprising. I think they were hoping for, like fifty percent reduction

it turned out. I saw both ninety and ninety nine percent reduction in rider ship by African Americans that day right and if they make up seventy five percent, that's a big loss for the city bus line for sure. So there was such a success. That they said well, what's maybe, let's keep this going and see what we can do at this, because initially the and of the Montgomery Bus boycott of nineteen. Fifty five was that one of them was black black writers be treated with risk. Courtesy, get pretty low hanging requesting another one was that the the seats be given on a first come first served basis, which was the law yet and that black people sit from back to front white people sit from front to back, so there are still saying like we can keep the same asian right boat, but people shouldn't have to give up their seats right and then the last one was they wandered black bus drivers to be hired to drive the produce

currently african American rouse right, so that that you didn't have to deal with an all. Like an armed blight bus driver because they were armed and they had basically police powers whom for segregation on the bus. So the original boycott thing Their demands were not extraordinarily radical, and when the boycott was a success on that first Monday down, they decided to extend it and they also decided. Maybe they should expand their man's a little more so while others is going on, she was. She was found guilty on that Monday, she's, fine, ten bucks, plus court costs of four dollars for fourteen hours total. And said nope. I'm gonna repeal this conviction. She challenge that. Basically she was what she was challenging was segregation in general not being institutional right and that ended up being the argument that was well will get to the court case in how escalated, but she was found guilty and the other noted

thing that happened was one raft, that Abernathy and darker Martin Luther King, who is young minister in town of Dexter, Avenue Baptist like the president of those called the am I ate Montgomery Improvement Association which they foreign, because the success of the boycott So we have this new organization then about a month later, a month and a half, At the end of January, Martin Luther King home was bombed. Everyone was unharmed in the incident, but it really wrapped up the stakes of what was going on Yahoo for sure and though they the apparently the Montgomery Improvement Association is credited with making the boycott successful and the way that they made a successful was through a carpool. They set up. They bought a bunch of stuff

wagons and put them in the name of some of the black churches in town and these these station biogas would basically recreate the bus routes, Jerry drove pre, predetermine droughts and they were they were giving like twenty thousand people a ride every day. That's a successful. This was, and they put such a crimp in the the finances of the city. A line that a couple of things happen: one they had to lay off workers close down lines, raise their fares you're really hurt the city bus lines and, secondly, the city and a blue, maybe even the state so Could the mob their Montgomery Improvement Association for for this boycott, which barely illegal under a nineteen twenty one Alabama law. Yet they suit against the car service, specifically saying that that the bus company had exclusive franchise

right and they did get an injunction in November of nineteen fifty six, but all of this comes out of the fact that in Like thirty something years earlier. Nineteen twenty one Alabama pass an anti boycott act right, which basically said said it's illegal for you to not ride the bus in this case, in that case sure, or at least organised evil thing get them did not read the Bosnia. It was then like there was a misdemeanor to organise against somebody carrying out lawful business or whatever, so there again on two things: the boycott and then infringing on the bus lines franchise in that city right right. So what do you do if you are suing or I'm sorry if you, if you have an anti boycott, ACT, I mean you can't arrest everyone, so they go after. I think eighty nine, a Martin Luther king, in your and eighty nine other other men

at the MIT and obviously because there are the most they coming home. Twenty four ministers, then most prominent members he's fine five hundred bucks and spend a couple weeks in jail. Data is very proud of. His crime should be yes sure. So now, Martin Luther king had is appealing. So you ve got a few he's goin on here, you ve got Rosa parks, who has been convicted and now is appealing her. Ten dollars, plus four dollars in court costs fine for breaking this city ordinance even than she didn't. You got me Luther king. Now who is appealing his fight? under dollar fine for the boycott in the infringing on the bustling franchise. And then you have something else. You have a class actions suit, called prouder versus gale. Was dumb named after oh, what's her name

the woman, whose deep the lead plaintiff in the case Her name is Euralia s, prouder The gale in the case was the Montgomery, gunnery mare? I think William Gale and we'll talk about it always take a break and we'll talk about this case was will come back to the drumbeat of the courts is concerned of kick in everybody we want to talk to you. Audible, which just so happens to be the sponsor of the audible audio pioneer award at this year's Iheart. Radio podcast towards an audible, gives you the edge by keeping you informed, inspired and entertained on the go. That's right with the audible at its easier it more books in your life using the time. You already have listened welcome you, working out doing chores anything

I'm anywhere audible has the world's largest selection of audio titles, including exclusive audible, originals, that you can hear anywhere else. They ve a mind: boggling number of categories, everything from careers and financed to fitness, mysteries, memoirs and all of the latest best sellers. Whether you want to tackle the new skill or focus, you're healthy itself or just catch up on all the new releases, there's no better placed to listen, then audible. You can begin a thirty day, audible trial today in your first audio book, is on us to get started. Just visit, audible, dot, com, Slash S, why s k or text S why S Kay five hundred five hundred. All right. So,

appeals run slow anyway, but in the south, if its. If it's a case like this, it's gonna go super slow, because the hope from the white establishment is you know, maybe enough time goes by time ago by these people just sort of get line and forget about it. Get tired of this boycott and everything I'll just go back to normal yeah, which is kind of a gamble because this boycott was not showing any signs of cracking. So they were basically making that bet on the back of the city. Bus line and on the jobs of the drivers who are being laid off because rider ship was down so low three, ninety one days, three hundred eighty one days right for the boycott, the so the like. I said it's this court, the drumbeat of port system was starting to grow a little bit louder and you had three big cases: Martin Luther King case, he arose a parks case. And you had a broader versus gale embroidery scale represented for

women originally five, but for women who have been convicted of of breaking law for not giving up their seat on the bus in Montgomery, one of them was Clodagh Calvin another was Mary, Louise Smith, I believe, and then really a broader and then lastly was pterodactyl, Susie Mcdonald right so these four women get together ensued. The mayor, the bus line, a few bus drivers, the city public works Commission, Disobey group of people, and they were suing too to all three of those cases where suing the question, the constitutionality and the legality of segregation in general? Yet, but specifically on the bus lines, and there was a talk at first by Freddy Gray. Who was the lead lawyer in the banana prouder regale there of including Rosa parks

but he very very wisely kept her separate from that case because he said he wanted the Courts just consider one thing now whether Rosa parts is guilty or not, but whether the sacred should the Montgomery Buses was was legal and constitutional say he kept. Those separate varies very smartly. Yeah think he knew tat. He could get this to the Supreme Court. This way is a test case, and that was as his ultimate goal, because it was a state statute, though, and stay constitution of Alabama. It was, of course, first brought before district court. Three judges in U S District court on June, fifth, nineteen, fifty six, they rule two to one that segregation was unconstitutional course excited brown or support of education is precedent in it

Julie wound its way to the Supreme Court. Nineteen fifty six on December, seventeenth, actually those pretty quick, yeah, loitering yeah and they rejected all appeals and voted ninety ninety zero, that it was unconstitutional, yep, nine, to nothing which I mean that's really scenes of the unanimous Supreme Court decision regarding segregation in the nineteen fifty easier, so that was there was a huge I think. A doktor king was in court. That day when he was told by Rapporteur about that decision, the Supreme Court decision and even after I he said, were worth keeping up the boycott yet has well when they implement this desegregation on the buses will stop the boycott right and after the Supreme Court ruling to through the city of Montgomery, saw pretty clearly there wasn't any way to keep this up any longer and I believe with

Three days the buses were desegregated and, on the first day that they were desegregated, Rosa Parks took her seat on a bus in the front row. I believe yeah they by bus drivers- and this is after by the way I'm three hundred anyone days of a total sales loss of sixty five percent so yeah and on the other side, Ralph there Abernethy Home was bombed. Martin Luther king, was bombed, people, in jail, happy boring court. It was a big struggle down a Montgomery. Yet so. In December, twenty first doktor king and his white ran Reverend Owen. Smiley sat together in the front row with Wrath David Abernathy Street here in Atlanta young name Tramp, eighty Dixon in for a great deal. Turning to other case right, so those of those a huge thing and they did a number of things- were made. Rosa parks and I can hear it projected

Luther King into the national spotlight. That was basically where he first found national faint as in basically like well, this guy's, the leader of the civil rights movement now, and it also a huge domino in the idea of desegregation in general, not just on buses, not just in Montgomery, but the cons. It, followed in the in the wake of pussy, very Ferguson, which was just one of court cases that said separate facilities. Is currently racist, because the only reason you would have supper facilities is because you think one group, superior over the other and they shouldn't have to consort or mix right, that's inherently unconstitutional, this is one of those dominoes that fell in that chain that lead to desegregation across the Jim, Crow, south and

like a laser, this particular case and the changes it brought were focused right on two rows of parks. Her act, her courage what she did yet this was This was within our parents lifetime. I know I was wondering how so why am I so much more jest about this inherited a love, Harriet Tubman whole term, instead yeah, but I remember when I was researching I wasn't newly doesn't I realized like I can relate to this woman so much better. Just because this is pretty pretty recent. You know well and then just do the notion that are where we are the country now racially. This was not that long ago, so far that the people in the camp of Saint just get over things. African Americans just get over things a site. This is not hundreds and hundreds of years ago right. This was very recently these, like my peers, parents.

Had to live through this well, one thing: Rosa parts is now known for what they didn't realize before is you know she assured her actin, like this, Rights movement? There grew out of areas like the next ten years, fitting years, There's this idea that around nineteen seventy there's a button put on that you, it was like you guys were successful way to get. We can stop doing this now Rosa Parks as like. No no, it's not done and changed up, and so she died in two thousand five. She was like the struggles still continuing, yet people realise that about her until this collect Who is opened? Yes, she on this all came. There was significant costs to her family to her husband. They heard her husband both suffered through some stomach ulcers, because it is, they lost their jobs eventually day left

Alabama said unless gotTa Virginia and Virginia wasn't a whole lot. Better still said: alright, let's go to Detroit kept going North, and then, finally, after not having a job for a long time. She was hard to secretary for John Conyers Brand New, o Brien newly elected black congressmen, who she would work for for twenty three years. Anna, Mr Conyers ass. He was when he stepped down last year after sexual assault allegations after serving many many years in Congress and was a civil rights. I concepts have a very sad ending of that story, but Rosa worked for him and seventy seven, her husband James died of cancer. Her brother died of cancer three months late

Her mom died two years after that, but I get the since it after that. It really really kind of freed her to really go back to work and devote herself once again to the cause, because after those family members passed away, she Savishna Rosa Parks, Scholarship Foundation in the Raw Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development and two memoirs yeah she was busy. She was in a very sadly I now. I remember this and nineteen. Eighty four, when she was home, invaded and robbed me a blank it over the head by a guy named Joseph skipper: yeah man, the House, like I mean forgive me with that for fifty bucks of all the houses to didn't we break into yeah what you think anyone's Rosa. I don't know I don't know about. He had seen nothing to indicate that

sure he knew there dumb that here go down as the man who robbed and be rose apart, so we're so the I don't. I don't think he which he she was targeted because she was rose. Something like that. I think she's, a little old lady prison. I have as it doesn't matter issues. Rosa parks are not sure you know the same data, so she that was ninety were you said Anne like right. Afterward, there is a huge national outcrying. She moved into like a very secure high rise in Detroit, where she lived until she died in two thousand five: a bully. She died in that apartment. Ninety two years, young shut up. They slew of honours unprecedented honors in this country. She was transported her body to Washington,

Z and she laid an honor under the rights under the Eu S capital, first woman, to get that honour. The second african American and the first non government American ever to have this honour. Yet, I may add, is high honor. Yet when she died every flag on public land in the United States and around the world was flown at half mast, which is pretty pretty great to the George W Bush Nature it happened, and then here's to some of her lifetime achievement awards in doubly cp gave her called the spin, Garren metal and nineteen. Seventy nine other high honour as she's in the Michigan woman's Hall of Fame Martin Luther King Jr Word, nineteen eighty, you could just stopped at the Michigan all of funding. In women's Oliver, the presidential metal of freedom and ninety. Ninety six national Michigan

I'll think congressional medal. Now now in a contest, Time magazine neighbours, one of the twenty most influential iconic figures of the twentyth century, the big one and then yeah. He mentioned George W Bush ordered half mast flags infidels So again, there was this. This idea that she register tired little old lady who was quietly but even didn't give up her seat and she can a meek and quiet and in two thousand fourteen her personal collection, the rows of parts collection was sold the Howard Buffet Foundation, Warren Buffett son. They bought it for a song four and a half million dollars in it. Something like sixty five hundred documents into five hundred photographs and it is her personal papers, like notes for speeches, notes for her books, I believe like correspond,

and it paints this picture that no one head of her before, which was no like this lady was an activist through and through her whole life. She was an activist who wanted to talk about in agitate for the rights of black Americans and how messed up the situation was that they lived in and that she wouldn't normalize this. She would She would learn to two to deal with it as much as she needed to. While she was working to change it and there was a surprise to a lot of people in there, they cracked open these papers and found it that picture

There are also a shot out article. How history gather Rosa Park story Wrong, and this is written by the same person who wrote the award winning book, the rebellious life and MRS Rosa Parks name is Jean Theo Harris Theorists onward Vienna. It sounds like it should be hyphenated, it's really easy to say. But how do you say it? I have no idea but she's professor professor policy, Brooklyn College see you in Y yeah man gravely yet so I feel I know more about Rosa Parks. Go out on the internet, educate yourself Let me have you seen the about the book bus wake up. No, I mean I love is a thing,

efficient event, I had no idea. Ok, why think? I said: go search stuff in there somewhere assuming decipher listener. Man called this tiny things, hey guys. Let me start by saying enjoyed the package. Much aside from my being interesting and entertaining a very much helps my time in the car. He, then, why can you help people would go insane? Several I've said the girl believe Chuck mention that you are tiny things I do just like things are grossly oversized. The giant bucket watch over there hear anything somewhere in a play for flight. He mentioned living to anything, there's something extraordinarily satisfying about them. I agree I love tiny things would be remiss of. I did not bring bringing to the museum of drastic technology.

I've been there to its amass Angeles they're, not one, but two fantastic exhibits of tiny things. I, the needle and micro mosaics unethical, others to do. The tiny thing I remember was like the dire rumours of the trailers, an eye of the need. I remember that I don't remember the micro mosaics. I haven't been many years. I the needle features, delightful whimsical, miniature sculptures, actually small enough to fit into thy the needle. This all too small for me. Ok, so you like, so you like that, like the tiny tabasco bottles that you see, I can feel like you're a giant not like a god. Yeah catch

exactly and it's gonna be taller. The micro mosaics exhibit also requires magnifying glass to enjoy. However beautiful this exhibit a slightly creepy aspect to it. Autonomous eight pieces are in fact bits of butterfly wings too. Greedy, I mean they killed about a voice depends here. They come across those wings. Were they rode killer? So it's fine near put a job, just try and find a butterfly their own. All these exhibited wonderful feel magic, realism, he's emails, features a lovely, rooftop garden, as well as a meditative tea room to enjoy complimentary cup of tea interesting. That is all guys cheers from syndrome. Thanks for the Shutter Sandra, there is indeed a great place if you ever in LOS Angeles, everybody go check out the Museum of Jurassic technology going with you.

And open, and thank is later you'll get out a ripples believe it or not, both in a sure I figured out. Ok, I mean Jack Parliament's main: have you had better get it? Member you is. The host of the tv was even my brother were to them city centres to get, and there was one story where he's kind of old at the time were Scott as the ideal to walk him. Second, eighty is to walk the town to the said from the trailer. It was through the desert. The rocky deserts got was, like you know, look out for their willingness to counter sunlight, get in one day you just like. I don't need you to tell me how to walk Scott like shrank down. There's a camera said while that of that Jack parents who felt so bad for you of all people had doubted Skype. He didn't delight in Scotland.

Well, if you wanna tell us agree in scottish contrary to us just Clark and as well as cape, I guess you can also check on my website. Are you serious clerk Deca Charles W chop? Brian is on facebook dot com at Facebook that calm slash the veto right, there's also Facebook accomplish that you should know page, you can send us all an email, including Jerry, stuff, podcast, at how stuff works. That camp Please join us at home on the web stuff. You should know doc. For more openness and thousands of other topics, house upwards text. They will be here.

For you know everybody but relax, because each in our black, as your one stop tack shop, their tax pressure, experts, certified and train and eighteen are black- has up front transparent pricing, which means you know the price before begin no surprises and with offices open early and late, it's easy to walk in, make an appointment or just drop off your documents. Through your taxes out, our and your maximum refund in your pocket visit each hour, block dot com, slash textile defined the closest office to you, it's better with black