SETI stands for 'search for extraterrestrial intelligence,' and the term is used to describe both the SETI institute and the search for alien life in general. In this classic spaced-out episode, Josh and Chuck explore the origin, aims and challenges facing SETI.
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review everybody check here I saw you have a last night. Actually that's not true, but
a great story. If our setting up this episode from our first twenty twelve house, Seti works, search for extra.
terrestrial intelligence. Welcome
Stuckey should now production. Have I heard radio hay and welcome to the park cast Iron Josh work with me is always is trials the beach Brian stuff. You should know the pod cast, don't get a virus.
Those my employer, elucidation of elderly Burgess man. Ok, you that's pretty good! Thanks! Give Burgess Meredith check here,
in the mood for alien, talk, sure this is the second time we ve done something like this. Almost a year later,
yeah right at it. We do how ufos work life and asked him here last March, so I guess once a year we do
you talk aliens here, but before we get started, may take a second. I wanted to say special high to my wife,
you mean right who made me the happiest
emission is coloured in February. Thirteen can I could just call on February thirteenth when we got married. Indeed, yeah any data is gonna, know its author
I was just whenever I wanted to share my happiness with everybody out their spare. Well then, thank you very much hey! You me so ask your back to aliens. Ok,
ok, so we are doing this in honour of our
alone month. Sides channel- I guess so-
the month of March is: are we low month and science handle every Tuesday? I believe at ten having a premiere of some new show. That has something to do with the search for extraterrestrial life. Ankle. Sir, yes, can be very cool, and I mean there's some like all shows we're gonna be awesome church, but there are some that
clearly going to be really awesome like through the wormhole with Morgan Freeman with Morgan Freeman. I mean that in the context of an army alone month, yeah, it's big news, also
the alien encounters with Nick Sagan gotta be relate to curl, grant me cartel continuous and then, if you're, in the mood for contest, what what a month
be without one. There is a city live contest or the prizes to go visit city. Now I gotta the California to the institute. Yes, please
sweet. Yes, so this is all going on in silence and all month long and if you want more details, what size channel power yet were hit. Em up on facebook- I bet they have info there yet and in honour of this month is very special month. We are doing how city works, which is an acronym said. He, if you dont know for which to search for
extraterrestrial intelligence, yes and adopt before we did this are we alone month will be followed by yes, we're alone, day sort of a joke, but
They haven't really found a lot of stuff. Yet
well, I don't know me. Let me give you an example of something. The well have you heard of the wireless signal here we talked about this before we did when
I think it might have been one of the web gas. Nor can it definitely ring a bell that had your stamp on it. No, we talked about the young Yosemite SAM Signal Arena, but I think we talked about while couple years ago
old. Webcast. Let me tell you again: I refresh your memory cuz, you clearly don't remember clearly August 15th, one thousand nine hundred and seventy seven,
a guy who is now known as Doktor Jerry Ayman. He ate a man like you.
in a calm ermine here he was
and the big year radio telescope at Ohio State University and was analyzing. Some data from it- and so I am basically saw this- is what it looks like it's a it's. A bunch of numbers in letters looks like the matrix girl very much so captured yes, but what that is is a burst
of radio activity now transmitted on their one for two o point: four: five: six megahertz frequency for seventy two seconds w.
a l in and it was basically the closest thing we ve ever gotten to hard evidence of a radio transmission from an alien civilization right. It met like all of the criteria. That said, he follows which will talk about later for radio transmissions from intelligent life right now. The problem is, is after sir,
for it for like fifty times specifically, it's never been found again. Bread and there isn't called a wow transmission- is because
Jerry Ayman circle. They wrote wow with an exclamation point act in. That's that's why it's called that. So, although it it since that time,
they also come up in that same area and we haven't had anything even remotely close to it. Seti still continues right, yeah and city is both a movement and a group of
both an institute yet well. There's the Seti Institute and there's this independent Seti operations. Yeah,
you can you said he s a yet without being now, because it is a search, a hearing, just a functional, though a sock, about a chunk of talk about Seti the challenges it has. Will. First wife, you seen a movie contact. I have personally it's not too inaccurate from the writer of this,
people who was for it like when he said that that movie, if you want to watch thou in his is fairly accurate and on track, was based on a book written by Carl Sagan indefinitely nearest stuff yeah here, like the SIG Institute, is one of the parts of setting and not to do very nice or that the second research center they get it to go ahead and using a well
and so is: let's talk a little bit about the origin of it said he came about
in a time when There-
a large intellectual push towards searching
for alien life. A lot of very, very smart people suddenly started postulating that there's probably other people out there. Yeah there's gotta be two guys, Philip Morrison and just happy could show any wrote a reciprocal Johnny. You wrote a paper in nature, nineteen, fifty nine and they base
we said, look if we look. We may very well not find anything right, but if we don't look were definitely not gonna find anything
and that came at a time when a guy named Frank, Drake, astrophysicist, an astronomer, was trying to start his own search and he eventually founded Seti. I think in nineteen Sixty founded the Seti Institute or to city said he. He, while he conducted the first Seti Circus, the Draken yeah, Frank, directed judges,
and it was based on something called the Drake equation, which I find this early fascinating, an refreshingly understandable hours like theoretical math equations go,
yeah in an is the number of civilizations in the milky way whose electronic
Eric emissions are detectable so an equals,
Times F P Times in Egypt. I felt him if I had time to Fc Timescale and then there's the r
is the rate of formation of stars over the lifetime of the galaxy and as anywhere from like tend to forty eight year, yes stars
suitable for development of intelligent life that narrows down, then there's the fraction of the stars with planets Effie then there's the average number of those planets that are earth tight, meaning suitable for life. As we understand it is the any that's about fifty percent
of the fifty percent of stars, with planets blemish during a whittled down pretty quickly and then there's the fraction of those plants where, like develops, that's estimated at any rate as much as a hundred per cent near and then there's the fraction of life that
intelligent. So it's not just enough to be in a me, but you have to be an amoeba capable
of creating a radio right, that's pretty loads, well about ten percent and then another ten percent, as the fraction of planets were intelligent life develop technology such as radio yeah, but I see so you ve got life and an l entails
life and then technology, and then you have the lifetime of that communicative civilization in years so boom
multiply that around you got your drake equation
have as little as one as much as billions while plus it.
as little as one or billions, because it you know those are, it depends what
How you put in there and everyone's going to put in different values of the Drake equation, is going to have a wide swath. Yes, it makes sense. So you've got this. This is the framework the Drake equation, created by Frank Drake for the founder city. This is the framework that said he conducts its research with, like one of the things they do is try to figure out exactly how many stars out there have planets with that are suitable for life
to really kind of plug in the best possible data into the Drake equation and to help them figure out where to look because
there's three main challenges for Seti that they face just as a concept
an organization and they
yeah,
have a really big sky out there.
Now you have a lot of frequencies that get that we have a lot of radio frequencies.
and yet
a limited amount of telescopes, not much equipment because is very expensive exactly and while said he is funded to a large degree. It's not funded to a large degree compared to like, like windows. Part of NASA thing is, I'm like one percent of their budget
even still it was like the most money said he's ever had near, but they're pretty well funded the Seti Institute, so as far as private funding as they do not amend their nonprofit. Obviously so there
Rich, be noted, mean nether, they're kind of certain right now, no other out of their dinner, the they also receive federal funds and that all but dried up right now because of the economic downturn. Yet cities are first to go in
all right, so you propose a three problems here: a couple of approaches for the large sky problem lot of area there, so they they have two approaches there, the Whitefield Search,
basically casting a wide non specific net over
You know about
resolution over a long period. I'm sorry short period of time over a wide.
The area could get you
nibbles, if your fishing, let's say, but it's gonna, be difficult to find out exactly like where the stuff is coming from,
or a targeted search, which is what my money
would be on which are
limited to
sunlight stars, like they basically factor in more drinks equation in this one say: let's look at places where we might find. You know target these things where we might find eighties right
they do both of those dependent. They have various projects going on ongoing and some are targeted summer, Whitefield search the southern kind of covering their bases as much as possible. The next challenge who, as you know, what freak
Seattle to listen for to listen to you. No, I guess not a radio dial now, a buddy even with a radio, even with a walkie talkie like a few very used one of those. So you, if you're, not on the right frequency
you are going to miss everything, that's being taught Gertie so to there's like you
it's not a radio down. It doesn't go from like eighty eight point: five,
the way to one or seven point five, their billions from alternative country. Exactly there billions of radio,
currencies, and they I mean
which one you going to listen to you. You can listen to them all. But again you cycling through them you're not able to spend a lot of time and get much like that.
Same dilemma with the sky. You have with the radio frequencies plus are full of noise. Yeah, that's another problem. The problem naturally occurring stuff right.
But there is a window in the radio frequency. That's called the water hole which is pretty cool. Now it's a natural place in the radio frequency spectrum
and by the way radio is the light waves yeah it's a type of of light wave, but their very specific. They exist and specific frequency by in this split the spectrum, the band there's. This thing called the war
for which goes from the wonder. Ten gigahertz range yes, and it has very little natural background. Noisier legs very few things mean a broadcast,
this frequency and the reason being they ve. These frequencies are caused by Hydrogen AMS and Hydroxyl ions, both of which are constituents of water, which is why it's called the water hole and they suspect,
for a couple of reasons. Alien civilizations would be aware of this, one that it's just so
profoundly unique in the radio spectrum that if you had any kind of awareness of the radio spectrum, you would stumble upon us
and there you unintentionally, broadcast in a low noise frequency exactly because
one tat he heard sure I mean anybody
costs on the radio wants to be heard. Rapture
and then the other reason they think that alien civilizations we'd know about it is because water with which its associated
considered a an essential to life and therefore universal among intelligent life. It's not geocentric. The concept of water Rat
so alien to be familiar with water and would thus be familiar with
water hole in the frequency spectrum as well, so that this is
probably where their pudding most of their research or their effort into this waterhole band of frequency
yeah I mean they search all over, but pretty much
Seti operations will search the waterhole as part of their prompt, a part of their ops. Then there's magical frequencies
Two? I basically there saying like where, on this ban to billions of frequencies as there's some sort of universal pattern and one of the things that
figured out as prime numbers might be. A good place to look behind. Prime numbers are part of math and their universal constant right, so in advance
they should be aware, prime numbers, and if they're, trying to communicate to another event civilization, they may be broadcasting on prime number channels: crazy, that's a magical frequency when a thick search pie, the pie station. So Safari get too we ve got two of the big problems tackled yes, generally
the third one is most down to earth problem, yet no no equipment. Basically, these a radio telescopes are expensive to build
and so there's not a whole lot of em. So they said
there's a few ways we can handle this weekend: conduct limited
lines on ones that are already out. There are basically rent space from other deeds. We can conduct analysis
of data are re already acquired by other deeds. So I came
you been listening and on all these frequencies? Let us
your dad and we'll just work format or we
and build Seti Dedicated radio telescopes, which is clearly the least popular because is so expensive right for me, the most
pillar, Belize, feasible yeah, unlike the like the projects that they have
going for a wide target, search or white veal surgery, targeted search. Yet they have different projects, dedicated different types of radio use like Project Phoenix rents, time at some of the better radio telescopes around the world, Australia,
air Seeber damp in Puerto Rico, the one in West Virginia, Green Banquets Virginia has a huge radio telescope and that's where the first city conference was held a routine sixty. I believe and then there's the Sarandib project, which piggybacked cracks me for some reason why Sarandib Internet disguises
short for serendipity. It sounds like your friend Adam that shortens everything area like you'd say that we met up. It was a bit of soon dip yeah. He would say that tote Sir said Sir, and yet the EU, so they they piggy back by basically saying like hey like he said. Let me see your dad. I want you done with it. We wanna go over it to you in, like hey man, that's like the hippy
version they expect of astronomy, for he had made an appearance in awhile. He just didn't. I didn't expect to pop up and said he if you didn't pop up and MAGIC mushroom Gina
this effort
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so projects, errand
like you said it takes, takes a ban
a lot of telescope time, but they dont have the control
to say, hey pointed over their right, so they have
two hours, but there is basically that's the wide search yet being cast, and then you said like them,
desirable one was having their own telescope. Well, I am a great city figured out something rather than making a huge you're paying for huge radio telescope. They figured out that they can take a bunch of backyard. Satellite dishes. Were juncture really easy to come by these days. You know the kind like from the eighties put a bunch of those together like eight feet wide right. You put a bunch of those together and connect their signals using a process called interfere, amatory nice thank you. She said well planned for strike a hand. You can basically simulate
a huge large telescope for a fraction of the cost. Yet like linking and network of computers, which is actually something also being done. We must get into that the city at symbol at home project and that's actually the Seti Institute in it
so they decided that hey, instead of building a couple of supercomputers to analyzes data, possess one the big problems as are so much data- it's not like you can just plug it into your laptop, but you can play a tiny chunk into a laptop and network. A bunch of laptops together to do the power of the supercomputers, and that is what they ve done and you can participate, gets pretty.
ingenious and there's others other things that I think city at home started at another things like folding at home. I really to stimulate protein folding for cancer research, same thing and I'm sure there's other ones adding
the chance to look but said he I am started. It where you it's a screen saver, but it's also a programme and that, while its running its it downloads, a chunk of data from the AIR Sea, bow radio, Telescope DNS your little assignment, and it's like a hundred second
junk? Maybe something like that? It doesn't seem like much, but it takes like ten twenty hours for the normal computer to process it by, like you said if its, if you have thousands of computers doing this, you have a thousand times the processing power, all of a sudden for free,
critical and while your computer's analyzing edits, making notes of all this stuff using Seti's algorithm, lit and then upload the reserve
the city and then downloads another chunk for annulment analysis and did a bet. This is a very popular thing to do for star gazers,
restart, gazing, nerds of the world. There is a guy remember who is in Arizona think, and he was fired from his job as like the IP head for the Department of Education in this one community, because he P booted said he at home and all computers without asking. But I mean it's not a big deal out, didn't
that much processing parent is counter runs in the background the cares. Well, he was made a mockery of by the local news like this. He was fired because of his search for alien. There right they might have had some crack by YO is pretty bad by dogs. Yes, some poor guy got fired. For that said he at home got a virus. I said I'd better, get a job with said he or something I am. I not better. The only exists
sorry thanks anyway, pretty much while you talk
a building your own and the alien telescope array. I'm sorry the Alan Telescope Array yeah. I have taking it like that until I found,
its named after Paul Alan, the co founder of Microsoft is who don't
it all of the money for it? Well, that is
still under way as far as its construction. I think they they were dead
for a little while, because of a lack of funding and to twenty six may
our deal, but I think, as of
two thousand and there
up and running again in part of it is complete. To that extent, I think where they can use it for four things:
but there is still not finish with no they're, not then they have enough money to constructive and they didn't have enough money to run it, so they have like a skeleton crew honour. I know that, but it is operating on it
they are hoping that their they're gonna be able to fund it by releasing some time on it to the air force. Who is interested in using it, they strike bake sale. You know to be a great day.
schools have all the funding they need in the air force has to hold a big, sell. The by stealth that'll be the commission that only a bumper sticker, some as we could shorten it, but yet again
Sure you mention
fair me paradox. Yes,.
The time is any I mean when I think that happens to said he is at their constantly pommeled by critics, and a lot of them cite the firmer paradox too. Well, here's what Seti Institute says because Doug into their ethic you a little bit.
And when the question is, why do we think that there might be life out there quote and said he said
we should keep in mind that we are one planet around of
the ordinary star and their roughly four.
Red billion other stars and nearly
one hundred billion other galaxies, and they think it would be
extraordinary. If we were the only thinking beings and all these
Wemyss realms. Fair me Enrico Fermi said that if it takes life, billions of years to develop intelligence and said
or travel to the stars, and there are billions of the world's in the universe and the universe is through
seen billion years old, plus
Then why haven't we ve been visited yet when you look at it like that, the odds are makes sense, but they just increase exponentially. It's kind of like a perverted version of the Drake equation used to disprove the existence of life, the Anti Drake
it was an anti drink, peacocks driving the world's biggest sporting events exclusive originals ever latest movie this February we ve got the sick and the twenty twenty two winter olympics. Peacock original land from executive producer will listen, westward, studio plus tons of new movie every week, including Mary. We started off as an open Wilson in theatres, in framing only on Visa Valentine's day. Without so much more love,
now a com. So what happens? If we get a signal.
What happens if they're sitting around one day and they hear phone home come over the radio waves
will. They have a strict sort of protocols that start with. You know the first person who finds it,
to the the you know who gets told first, what they were eight and sees learn of it and it's pretty cock. Apparently, contact follows the course of a pretty pretty accurately yeah bizarre,
detected right in the first thing they do. Is they move the radio telescope away from the signal and then they move it back. I bet that's nerve wracking, a bit too cuz. You probably just want to stay locked on it. You know you're going to lose your signal, but you can't do that cuz. You got to prove that it's genuinely coming from there. So if you
move it and then move back and the signal wanes and then comes back. You know that you have an extra terrestrial signal, its big when the next step, then
to figure out whether you're getting it from like a satellite or from elsewhere on earth. Right right after that, you're starting to shake your palms or sweaty here and you start to rule out extraterrestrial sources like Pulsars Quasar, other things that broadcast radio frequencies by this
time. You may have tinkle little bit in your pants and you are on the phone with another radio telescope. Hopefully one on another continent. Saying hey: can you go check these coordinates and see if getting this frequency?
your little machine? That way? What do you see or hear? And if they come back and say yup, you say well it's time to announce it to the world. Now I gotta get up my book, the Seti Institute, the declaration of principles concerning activities following the detection of extraterrestrial intelligence and Seti Institutes,
as no one's keep in anything a secret. No, they wanted disseminated quickly and widely near, but they want you to follow the proper channels. First and all the astronomical community gets first Dibs online
of it out sure. Then, after that you go to the U N really area,
the? U N, a lot of other international bodies and you say: hey guys, we have confirmed extraterrestrial contact
and they say awesome an extra
my goes along and says we're moving, I'm next people, eventually you get to the public and the person who discovered it is meant to have the honour of announcing it so the world. Yes, according to the protocols,
Jody Foster in city, is on record by the way the Seti Institute as saying that they dont think that
there are aliens that we ve been hiding in Roswell New Mexico. They said that you know the presence that would be like the biggest discovery in the history of science in a you, wouldn't want to keep it a secret and be there would be thousands and thousands of people working on it and they says it would just be impossible.
so they're. Not you know how these crackpots that link. Oh, we ve, got aliens hidden away working on a farm in the desert of New Mexico harvesting on water farms, where we gather microwaves from exactly
it also looked at their ethnic. You under the are we sending signals for those kind of interesting is obviously close encounters. They sent messages out and they said they are complete.
Passive experiment there only looking they are not sending, however,
We have been sending signals unintentionally for fifty years or more. Yes, is the thirty six reasserted broadcasting
on the radio and television. This is the early tv broadcasts reached out about to about one thousand.
nearby stars.
And but they said it's very unlikely that any any alien civilization could have picked up on that, but we are in inadvertently broke
testing programme in the water hole to, I would think, and the other is, and we don't send out signals is because, if the nearest civilization they said is a hundred light years away, it would be two hundred years to get a reply in it's just not a very good way to spend your time or puss. Also it's in the protocols there
decide through, like the U N and other international bodies, whether or not to respond to a signal right. That's like one of the last that, while they
with that we ve sent symbolic messages before like hey here's. What our solar system is like here, the compounds important for life: here's the structure of our dna in the form of human. They said symbolic but
think they're like oh, you never know so their liars them when they see their passive. While they are passive, they have done in the past. They says, like the seventies, their passive as far as astronomy goes active as far as lying on their ethic. You now lately, I think snaking. Seventy four was last Sunday Synonymous ITALY, you were there is what the Viking or some a care remember the spaceship we send into or bitter in outer space, that headline gum gold records containing all sorts of information, like the world's great information and knowledge on em area. To remember that sort of Viking yea. I do you, those Viking,
We get that wrongly. So, what's in the future for Seti right now, well, the future with the the programs like Seti home, could get more people active in that they're interested in their home
you could be good there. They said they might be.
Sending out looking for light at some point, because
Not come via radio, it may come via light. You know, you never know ye afraid trick is
All about that. One now says that this is like the hot new field. First city is optical astronomy,
and, of course, finishing up things like that. Alan telescope array is important and in their city may, if you wanna go, do that's pretty easy to go download a hurried falling at home of never had said he at home, aided falling, and then my computer questioners is like me. Never maybe that crashed it man, I don't know. Maybe I could tell a difference when it was processing and that city. So if this kind of picture interest there's plenty more information out there,
you can also check out Seti's stuff on science channel during our we alone month in March, premiers come on, I think, tuesdays at ten starting marked six every Tuesday yeah like moonlighting was, it was around to say I think so. I seem to remember being drawn to the television on Tuesdays of his moonlighting. Eighteen. Nice was a moonlighting, let boat nuts about Vanity Island
The deadline for sea recap in order, so that the view I married, you mean I'm married, and I guess I said if you want to read Seti, you can type that word into the search bar has to work that camp as eighty. I will bring up this very nice article, including cool graphs and screenshots from city at home, for some answers I said, search bar. I think, as it plainly search for even
it's time for this, I just wanna call this literally Bre Slash american wrestling from that of the game.
Chuck you suggested that wrestlers carry fake blood packs, not
True or lease, usually not true. Instead, most wrestlers carry a razor blade in order to blade their foreheads. I've heard this actually make a little cut
bleed right around the hairline after being hidden head with a chair or a cage or another hard weapon?
You were also talking about the big companies in America. The W w e is the biggest right now with teenage second
Guess in ring of honour is the third.
Heavy w e in DNA are on big tv networks
the ring of honour is only on the air and certain markets, and there are many
Many independent leagues, including smashing pumpkins Billy, corkins resistance Bro, you know, I guess I did he's, got a zone resolutely on Turkey still on the dope think so I saw him one day, he's really tall which surprised me, for, I think I know said
the Cubs or in the world Series in saying the national anthem. We know we saying that taken out of the buggy and several extract. Yet here
since access when talking about the rules, you're saying that weapons are not allowed, and I think I might have said that this different with american
wrestling, but not true. He said the chair was just here.
Popular in the late nineties, because a book matches specifically to be more violent
They would knock the ref down and people use the chair when the requisite watching, but you would still get dq'd if the rest was to see that
and they also said Raymond get dairy queen man than be great.
and then he said, re mysterious is
with injury, but there's a good chance. He will be back soon. He stuck kicking it. A heck of a dispatch from
Wrestling world then rejected about have other things. Thanks
Zack from I from he's from Billy Gorgons Basement, laugh if you have
supplementary information, even a correction. I think so
handle that very well.
Like to hear that stuff all the time and we frequently read them as listener mail, so please feel free to go in and is something you can treat to us it s. Why escape Hatch
You can send us a note, a message on Facebook at Facebook, that consular savishna or you can send a sunny mail to stuff pod cast a house.
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fact. Number I'll, never tell em Taylor Momssen and I play Jenny. Humphrey, I'm smash stand and I play ardor days. I was one of the reasons I liked the character, Jenny so much
She was very reliable. The whole thing was such a choice for me to do, and I was just so thankful that people responded the way they did to what we were doing. This really was just like wonderful. I like have like warm feeling inside
I'm giving you air had listened to actual exile, starting on January twenty six.
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in a great american museum burned to the ground and eighteen sixty five, what rose from its ashes would change the world. Welcome to grim and mild presents an ongoing journey into the strange. The unusual and the fascinating in our natural season will give you a backstage tour of the complex and unusual artifact that is the american psycho. Listen to grim and mild presents now on the ice. Radio, app apple pie casts or wherever you listen to pod, cast.
Transcript generated on 2022-01-22.