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Hello, everyone. It's me Josh and for this week's Ass white ass case Lex, I've chosen are episode. How crack works and boil boy. Does the title ever say at all, because we really really explain how crack works so enjoy how crack works. Welcome to step. You should now production of Iheart Radios, housetop work. They walked into the bargain study. Josh embark chose the beach Brian Jerry's over there and we should not turn his way you'd like waving it the audience, I hear she went into the world through the weird. Maybe just you know, what's

Zack attack from Say by the Bell I would say by the bellows what's wrong now another and add a note that show is but enumerated the Zack attack, it's just Zack, being Zack gotcha. These whack will never mind up. I crack was whack, but the Zack attack is truly Y know I disagree, I was gonna say no, it's not right cause, that's actually pretty good show. But ok, I guess you crack is whack. Witness were like imminent up in here were what we're like Eminem up in here. The Agatha referred to above episode. Now. Global. Now, I'm saying people that their confused about why we sound so stilted and square her. He just go. Listen. They hope off. That explains everything. People like that, when surprisingly yeah its current man, we get a good.

For me or a facebook posts from graffiti artists, oh yeah, yeah, good stuff, nice. I can't members tag, but it was like really nice but gives complementing us who used the same. Hey now he's: ok, I'm a graffiti artisan, here's, my my work, nice and I was very impressed and he is not on crack now because he's not whacker exactly so Chuck I have a little were a little into a great stir should bear with me and the year was nineteen. Eighty five k. I was fourteen, but is it one year p b g yeah very early on cocaine, which is a drug development sweeping the nation for about ten years by then there was a two hundred and fifty

there's a gram as that's. Thanks to the demand and the available income of its well heeled yuppie users year, willingness spin that kind of money on it church was very much it inexpensive, white, upwardly mobile persons, drug cocaine, Launcher Wall Street here, and there were at the time, articles that

said cookies, probably not bad addictive. We should worry that much about cooking the earliest, not a very big deal. It was mostly like us at a white showed that same year, nineteen eighty five, a new drug hit- the scene is cheap. Five to ten bucks, a pop gave you a very quick, very intense high yeah short lived and it swept through lower income african american areas of the United States and all of a sudden, we had a problem an epidemic? Yes, he does, it was cocaine in a different form. Yeah the country went crazy for and not only was it cooking a different form. It was cocaine being used by a different demographic here that, as will see, America has always been threatened by an always made legislation to dampen drug use among yeah.

Interesting when you dig into the stuff, and so in nineteen. Eighty five. When people started to get worried, Nancy Reagan became concerned and when Nancy Reagan became concerned, as is usual, she started to lie and we all we will get into what allegedly might have happened and why crack might have been introduced in this country to some people

it was the? U S, government straight up, CIA. Yet that's a really good points, or are you referring to? Is Gary WEBS Dark lines, article right, yeah, series of articles and now book from nineteen? Eighty six, I believe, carry what was an investigative journalist for the San Jose Mercury New yet and they had a front page story where he basically figured out the connection between the CIA and the cracking epidemic that started in, I think, nineteen. Eighty four in LOS Angeles, yeah, south Central there's, a dude name, Freeway Ricky ROS, who still around, I think, a real yeah, and he was the law just cocaine, distributor, african american cocaine, distributor and allay here's big time and all of a sudden, I don't know where he had a new product called crack and it became very popular very quickly.

And Gary Web in nineteen o six trace the origin of this epidemic back to through Ricky Ross back to some nicaraguan freedom, fighting guerrillas. There were backed and trained, and possibly commanded by the CIA or get into this. So it is good that in the system yeah do you want to you, wanna? Ok, here's the deal in Nicaragua, central american country in the nineties, thirty's my name a mustache yo, some Moser took power and then Forty years later in eighteen, seventy nine people revolted overthrew him and they were called the sandinistas. Yes, sir, you know the whole country the Sandinistas war in Nicaragua that raged in the seventies and eighties when we're talking about yes in the sand.

These days were a communist and that didn't fly so well with the: U S, who had long cherished cherish Nicaragua for their farmland and like to have a toe in their pond to speak earlier and so communism their didn't fly, and so they said you know it. I think. Maybe we should fun the contracts. May we give them a little better financial assistance, you every country's weren't, you group. They were as like an umbrella term for any yet democratic or in Anti communist group that was trained. It Para militarily overthrow the socialists, leadership Nicaragua, that's right, so we decided to help find their civil war in the problem of other. No, I don't like that. We could say, like hey, let's use this money to do this because it was this. Your or where there is no congressional approval, is a proxy worth the Soviet Union at the time. So some allege that this is

and the regular administration and the CIA got together to literally introduce cocaine dealers and cocaine to South central and crack cocaine and to spread throughout the ghettos, to raise money and use that money to fund the contrasts. So here's the thing like that was never proven and Gary web. Never ever said he did not. He didn't say that the government directly introduced it on purpose or what with the aim of creating an epidemic in the ghetto he found connections between the CIA and Drug lords rights over Civically Ricky Ross one end and then the CIA, backed impossibly commanded.

Nicaraguan democratic force. Yes, the! U dot S Contra force, yes, it is so they're their business. Their group was funded entirely from cocaine sales and trafficking and that all went to this guy Ricky Ross and there's no way that the sea I didn't know about this year, and there were at the time we get back to having a second but in the eightys there was, you know, Erin Contra thing broke out. There was the carry committee who did some investigating the carry committee report from John Kerry, obviously found that quote the Contra drug links included payments to drug traffickers by the? U S, state department of funds authorize

by the Congress for humanitarian assistance to the countries and then later on those an internal CIA investigation in the nineties, where they found that there is no evidence that the sea I actually brought drugs into the United States, however, and these these roquat. However, during Contra era. The CIA worked with a variety of people to support the Contra programme and, let me be frank: there are instances where the CIA did not in an expeditious or consistent fashion, cut off relationships with individuals supporting the Contra programme were alleged to have engaged in drug trafficking activity. So basically Internal investigation said well, there might have been some people. We were dealing with that we're doing this and, as it turns out, we didn't really do much about it right

As far as you can go without hyperbole, still pretty shocking to the CIA, backed trained impossibly commanded, at least one guerrilla group, the nicaraguan democratic force and the Nicaraguan Democratic Force, the FDA and sold cocaine to Freeway Ricky Ross, Freeway Ricky Ross as where the crack epidemic originated in so just to finish up with web, though after wrote this dark alliance series. He was shine by mainstream press in the United States. Sadly, all three of the major newspapers in the Alley times in our times- and I guess- was the Washington posters came out and they would not only shun they like tried to discredit him oh yeah. They wrote articles, they put seventeen reporters into thousand words to a three day. Robot

dark alliance. That was the earth away times here. Rather than pick up the story, they tried did Deak demolish it. A web New York Times suggested he was a reckless reporter prone to getting his facts wrong. He argued at one a Pulitzer Prize this point nine percent mounts and the mercury definitive for a little while and then backed off and apologized. He ended up quitting and committed a very weird suicide. In which he shot himself in the head twice yeah. Obviously, if you get on the internet, there are tons of outlets did say well, obviously, not a suicide. It was a murder Who knows about that? Other other people have said now it does look kinky, but the first shot was a fatal and he was able to do it twice.

In US giant. Concludes that some raw nerve right there, but he claimed that there were people like you know, heats up what he thought were CIA people like climbing up his fire escape and stuff the previous days, and who knows all I'm saying, is they're making a movie about it with Jeremy render the Oh it's all right, yeah great! Yes, good! I'm glad here cause him. When I wrote an article on America's army, Jeremy Runner, no yeah. Wrote an exquisite America's army. Is this: it's a video game and its basically like a train game for the army, where you can play this free game, but you sign up to become

act if you're any good at it. The army contact you and he did this. It's like a recruiting tool through video games, but the army categorically deny that's what it was, but that's obviously what it was, and Gary debt Gary Webb. When was the last expose source on that, and you know we should mention that today, all three of those major news outlets off boy, we can. I got that one wrong yeah we should have done had to give aid whereby we shouldn't have driven Gary web to his possible suicide gear, miles. It's me jack rain here right next year by next to me, just like a work, hey one join with you to tell people to turn into a very special episode special year of tedious

yeah. I guess this is actually look. I know you saw the social media sauce at the Ellie Otto. She said what are these two juggernaut supplied casting doing there when Mazda cause me ever they say miles. We know that you're a loyal, Mazda owner. We want to avoid I'm with you, because you get it yeah. You know what I'm willing to answer the car and help Ding Ding help people understand the power of it. So what we did is we actually got to record of special episode inside the New Mazda six thirty. Where we talked about kind like flow states in feeling alive and how we feel alive. What makes us you'll, like it, was really doped actually record inside the car. I got to lot of buttons make them mad because I like please don't fumble around

but I said, opted out I like to explore. Nonetheless, if you actually want to check out the first ever see Ex thirty check it out in Moscow, USA, dot com, slash, I heart or if you try to check it up, I already them pull up to the local dealership today, situated on the beautiful cable beach by Hamas is a spectacular new resort destination in the Bahamas, with your choice of three ocean front, hotels, the grand high it s less rosewood. This is the place to find your perfect lending luxury relaxation and a lot of fun whatever you're looking for you can find it at by MAR the Bahamas most exciting, culinary destination the resorted to over forty restaurants, bars and lounges, ranging from casual, waterside, uterus too high end chef, driven, dining experiences. Eleven glorious landscape, pools, acres of prestige, each front and a soothing esper spot offer an

relaxation, while guess fine thrills at Baha, MAR Casino and array of high energy nights bought and at the royal blew the most acclaimed new golf just a short flight from the. U S and a fifteen minute driving home are isn't easy, get away any time of the year. The book your next vacation have one of the resorts three iconic hotels and too or what you specials, including up to thirty five percent savings on your stay. Yes, thirty five percent visit, Baja Marduk, that's by Hamas Dhaka Ba each a it may are dot com, so Gary web did all this investigation daily labour can connect the dots pretty well, but there still is man in question tantalize. Question who invented crack

It came out of nowhere, and so too cannot answer that which we can't. We have to look at how crack is made in and look at how crackers you have to go back a lot further than the nineteen eighty. You have to go back to the eighteen eighties and actually little further before then, when cocaine first was introduced to the United States after it was some isolated. The alkaloid was isolated from the Coca plant mid nineteenth century and that's when it was isolated in by mean for centuries, people in South America were wise to the fact that if you do on this plant, it'll give you some go juice in working, more and people still to hack out of it? Yes, so it was it was no secret to the South Americans. But, like you said it was the MID eighteen eighties. When was actually isolated and became a narcotic and abuse narcotic drugs right, but first you can buy it all over the place

If you could answer through catalogues Mew CARE, Nyc doctors can prescribe Sigmund. Freud was in Arden prescriber of it and it was a very popular drug, founded, Tonics Coca COLA, church for real. This mammoth cocaine, was by everybody loved it her whole I'll year until well, not until they still loved it and so did I imagine the circles, but in nineteen fourteen hours the illegal with the Harrison Narcotics Tax ACT and right, which dear member, I said earlier that, like everything like this crack, has a real history of. It shows the history of racism in regards to drug laws area, so the Harrison Narcotic ACT outlawed opiates and cocaine. Now, for the first time in the United States and

based on concerns like Chinaman were luring white women. There were two there to their dens work on in open everybody, Chinatown excited about, and southern blacks were sniffing cocaine and you, give them superhuman strength and they were raping white women as a result. So that's what the farthest two things are passed and we have federal legislation for one thousand, nine hundred and fourteen as a result of those kind of fierce, and if you if you keep them back your mind and pay attention to the drug policy that comes out later on from Dracula the it's been going on since then, and it continues to today, I see a pattern emerges. A pair the earth, so cocaine is cooking powder. Is you have to actually manufactured it? You don't find a cocoa plant and like not shake it, shake it and powder falls out Emesa guitar,

set himself on farm purpose are really that he poured the stuff all over his head and lent a match, our? U Ilo, cookers of emulation. I think that may be the right story. Now bad junk, maybe a little ammonia and then the powder a separated out and you ve got cooking pouty cocaine and I mean that was the long stories that he free based in, I think, even came out later and said. Like yeah, I was free basing, but I also purpose except myself on fire. Yet in the ravages of a free, basing bench gets you look. So yeah but free basis. Also it and it's a noun Hanover bright. Ok, so you know, maybe I do you Ve Henry Base Free base. You see I've been doing, step process any needed, something like ether ethers. Now the easiest thing to get your hands on her and dangerous.

I don't know what everybody so excited about, so with free base, you take cocaine, an you, add something highly flammable, say ether and you after you dissolve the the cocaine in ammonia. You had either to it they smoke. It bears smoking, something that has highly flammable solution involved and tell it to richer by yes in nineteen eighty, when he was filming bustin, looser he caught himself on fire. He was smoking free base in drinking one. Fifty one proof from the one night, and I think it is doing in his grudge too, with soldiers on ventilating. He caught fire yeah, but you know there's also reports that he set himself on farm purpose, really that he poured this.

Fall over his head and let a match how we went a little cuckoo self immolation. I think I may be the right story now. I just saw a documentary on him and I think that's what they say. I'm so glad you just correct Podcast, Germany emails you prevent. Well, I mean that was the stories that he free based in, I think, even came out later and said, like yeah, I was free basing, but I also purpose except myself on fire in the ravages of a free. Basing bench gets. You look so free basing the thing at least as early as one thousand nine hundred and eighty, but it was. It was difficult to do a multi step process and you needed something like either either is not the easiest thing to get your hands on her and

yeah man, Realler about Jack City. It was great moment there was in the college cracked because it makes a crackling sound. That's the baking soda when you put the fire on it in speaking, put the fire on it. That's how you do it. You have a little, I mean, there's different kinds of pipes, but the most often crack pipe, you will see is the little straight shooter little glass tube yep find a Mamma dog walks in my neighborhood d, really seven. Doesn't require something like either or anything flammable. No, you dissolvent mixture, water and either making soda sorry,

so you you mean I had the crack in one end and then a filter of some kind like us deal or something and the other heat it up with your lighter yet under like on the outside the glass tube or you can get a guess, hit it with the flame, and I think, if you later under the glass tube additionally, the waited a vapor rises. It that's right, any smoke it and pretty much immediately you're going to feel the effects. It's it's an immediate rushed at last, only about ten or fifteen minutes, and that something that I didn't used to now. I learned at a few years ago, but I had no idea thought a crack high was like you know a couple hours or something, I think is one of the shortest ties, Coke that comes into the? U S right and then Wesley Snipes, converted into crack in a factory operated in Rome by naked people cause you didn't trust him. What was that new Jack City Awe- and I was like laid

yeah man in yellow about injects videos. Great moment there was in the college cracked because it makes a crackling sound. That's the baking soda when you put the fire on it in speaking, put the fire on it. That's how you do it. You have a little, I mean, there's different kinds of pipes, but the most often crack pipe, you will see is the little straight shooter Little glass tube yep find a Mamma dog walks in my neighborhood d, really, seventy yeah crack is still around us, not like it when anywhere else, he thought of it together. Prominent drove licked, so you you mean. Are you had the crack in one end and then a filter of some kind like steel or something and the other heat it up with your lighter under like on the outside the glass tube or you can get a guess, hit it with the flame, and I think, if you lighter under the glass tube additionally, the way to do it yet a vapor it and you smoke it and pretty

immediately you're going to feel the effects its an immediate, rushed at last, only about ten or fifteen minutes, and that something that I didn't used to now. I learned at a few years ago, but I had no idea. I thought a crack high was like you know a couple hours or something, I think, is one of the shortest ties on the market, which is a guess. So addictive and dangerous right rampant, because you come down in you like I'd like to do that again. Exactly can every fifteen minutes it's a short high, but it's also extremely intense high to yet so. Yeah debate is the with its addictive Nasser potential for addictive Missis Reed. Hi yeah, and so I know this article summarised very nicely for you exactly how it reacts with the brain and so much go hinders laid on people. Hurry

as do dopamine as we now yet dopamine. It's like you're, a pleasure centre. It's it's there, the basis of the reward system that we have, which is how we learn to eat in how we learned had sex to reproduce liquid. We feel good when we do certain things. We want to do it again and the basis of it It is dopamine bright, so in the brain. The way it functions normally is neurons will release dopamine in it all travel to a neighbouring neuron, causing it to fire and release a pleasurable sensation. Yes, and then that dopamine molecule travels back to the original neuron, the transporter and his reabsorbed. As I said, I, little thing goes back home in its good right. There's a certain finite amount of pleasure humans are designed to experience. Naturally, yeah Cosette.

When we say reabsorb, we say it was said that a lot don't think people understand. That means. Basically it turns that off again right, it does its thing in its dont yeah. It doesn't with things into his thing into it thing into his thing. It does this thing once and goes back to the original neuron exactly surround the couch in a subtle neuron waiting to be released. Again. Let me know when you have sex again or eat something rates of each so with with cracker other drugs that targeted the dopamine system. They interrupt the process. Crack specifically interrupts the process of re uptake array absorption so year. The year smoking the crack right and it triggers this dope. Amene release flood were yes here, but crack attaches to the transporter in which keeps the the dope me from being reabsorbed, which means it is floating around in the sun apps the area between two neuron, you like him,

that one neuron again and again and again It does it all throughout the brain, all throughout the eventual mental area- and you have this long while long, but you have this very intense, pleasurable sensation. Rights are basically the brie uptake they to shut down. Your other and the guilty pleasure boating around? Yes, your brains, a big pleasure center and then, after I guess, five to fifteen minutes like the crack. Where is often the dopamine is taken up once more, that's right and the high is over and you are left going. I want to do that exactly. I guess we should talk about some of the effects of crack use, obviously just like with cocaine anyway stimulant like that are in fact mean you're gonna be arrest for heart attack, yeah. Sometimes, on the spot and because you smoke it

to like it has real real potential for problems with your respiratory system in your cardiopulmonary system in general, yet a stroke is also a risk. It's gonna make you very energize at first, you might. Although your senses may be heightened temporarily, your heart rates gonna shoot through the roof. Your pupils are gonna dilate, your temperatures can arise and you're gonna be pretty anxious or irritable. As you start to come down, and then you be really aggressive and he could you now be more prone to start a fight with a cup jerry, like you have superhuman strength or say some crazy stuff to a passer by on the sidewalk as you and you went to a gun currently corners in her mouth that's true. If you have it with alcohol, that's not a good combination, because that produces a chemical called

gasoline yeah delivered up like this is a thing like toxic is I'll get out, were it's the the crack or cocaine and alcohol produce a third drug, basically a hybrid drug that's more than the sum of its parts and am it creates a longer lasting, intense, her high from crack. But it's also really toxic to deliver really bad for you. Yet, as if alcohol itself wasn't yeah, it's I think you have to do anything to it. Urged to to get this thing linkages drink in smoke. Cracked gray in your body does the rest, your matter

bosom breaks the stuff down and creates this coca ethylene and ass. I alcohol on cocaine so, as we said, its super addictive and, of course, all this stuff. Whenever I hear about drugs being addictive, it's all dependent on the person. Of course, one person might smoke crack and never want to do it again. One person might be hooked immediately. Yeah, it all depends on your you're susceptibility to addiction, which varies greatly for sure. I remember learning when I was a kid that were you smoke crack once in your addicted for life, yet her the rat heroin to media that, but there is a very high potential for abuse with crack because you're its long, why its short short term short pie, but an intense high yet and what we don't want to be like a crack is not addictive, but we don't want to spread the

imagine informational, get once you're hooked for Leah, which was really big in the eighties and that in their Nancy Reagan, drug era, like a lot of misinformation, was put out there. Just scare people so so are talking about it being addictive its addictive and because of the effect that it has an dopamine yeah. But it's also deleterious seo health, because of the effect that it has on your dope a meme reward system, while yeah, because- and I know we ve- cover this and other drugs. If you do enough drugs like this, it requires your brain to point, we're just isn't working the same. Any longer union urgently needed your brain has like something some sort of sensor in there. That's like ok, there's way too much dopamine going on this person should not be feeling this much pleasure, so I'm going to stop producing as much dopamine. Naturally that need it. I mean it, joy, the dopamine its floating around in this naps is going to reduce the level

so that we knew now when you stop smoking crack, though the let down as way worse yet because you don't have as much natural dopamine as you did before you started smoking crack and so you're crazy, your desire for crack to get back up is much more intense, much higher. Yeah in the thing with crack, which is a little weird many times smoke more and more of it because of what you are talking about, because you need to get that high, but sometimes it will actually make you more sensitive to it and you will get super high off crack, even as an attic super quick and you could super die instantly, which I'm not sure if they ve reconciled how it can do both of those

things depending on who you are. I think it's the same thing. It's like you know some people get addicted to it immediately and other people take longer now, but I'm still not how it affects you. But I guess it's the same with alcoholic as some hard core alcoholics take a long time to get drunk and some get drunk like really quickly right, yeah so gets a sustained you. I guess it Polly have to do with metabolism. Persons metabolism right, I guess so once you when you are fully addicted. If you stop smoking crank, which, by the way, I think I speak for Chuck When I say we highly recommended, if he is another crack to stop smoking crack yet innocent have started yet then just keep that up. Yes, do not start smoking crack! No reason to if you have our if its. If you listen to this progress after you became addicted to crack, if you withdraw from crack you're going to experience a pretty

Big, come down in general, yeah, severe depression, anxiety, cravings, you gonna, be not fund. A beer here irritable and anxious inexhausted, yet like agitated all at the same time. Yet the Good NEWS is that your brain will eventually restructure itself. Too turn its dopamine levels back to normal or somewhere near normal yeah. So you won't be depressed or withdrawn, or anxious. Sir irritated irritable for the rest of your life. It's just why you're undergoing withdrawals? That's what it's gonna be like and it won't be pretty. It won't be pretty and there's no medication designed specifically treat crack and most

Europeans are pretty standard, rehab therapy like cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches you how to how to basically go through life, resisting the temptation of smoking crack right how to dissociate maybe triggers like places. You go you just from that lifestyle, yet to decouple Europe mentality from being addicted standard, rehab maltreatment pretty much, and we cover that like extensively and addiction, there's another type of treatment that I haven't heard of called tendency management. Have you heard of that now I had naturally its apparently fairly popular for crack treatment, for what is well, basically, it some be. You are rewarded for not smoking crack, which sure goes over really well with Republicans where's my reward, if exactly Evans neglect

oil yet been addicted. You have to be addicted, so the dear given like a vouchers, you make it like thirty days you get a free movie ticket or something or like your given stuff too. In cinema, yeah and Cinema and not doing Craig and I'm sure stuff that is healthy. Give free distracts you from thinking about crack that kind of thing I haven't heard of that Bulgaria, this article, a kid give someone will be ticket. I know you do good today by not spoken crackers movie ticket right, always like the street terms. We should cover the earthquake because ninety percent of ST terms, I think, you're, probably dismayed by the media yeah. You know I always feel like they probably discoloured cracker rock, or they call it Basa or french fries or real tops or

low glow? That's like gum. Wasn't there, the dragoon strangers with candy was hit clergy area like a rabbit, honoured accounting in the glow, probably as great rocks. And that's my favorite hotcakes see these areas that candy sugar, yam jelly beans- I guess again and makes a jelly beans and french fries makes sense I trust this year because I mean doesn't look like little pieces of french fries yeah it a bit more. It makes more sense than Basa, while that's or real tops Here's one there's no way there. Anyone in the history of humanity is ever called crack. This electric coup laid yeah. They get there drug they're here, that would be acid, sir. The famous book like what is that, I think those are newspaper writers, you ve, never been the streets, the kids today or on the electric coolly.

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So one thing that we talked about about crack is the weird sentencing laws dating back to nineteen fourteen and up until two thousand and ten, when we passed the fair sensing act. If you're caught with one gram of crack cocaine, you would get as much time as someone caught with one hundred grams of cocaine powder. Yes and let's go back over this in nineteen eighty five, a gram of cocaine, powder, cocaine cost one hundred dollars a hundred fifty dollars and it was extraordinary favored predominantly by white people. Crack comes along one thousand nine hundred and eighty five five to ten bucks, cheap, intense high and it becomes favored by African Americans

physically speaking. Yes, so some alleged that the? U S, government actually had a hand in introducing crack to the ghettos and then made stiffer sentencing once people are addicted to crack. To put- and I'm not saying crack users are like awesome peep, Many people should do this, but it's a non violent crime and they were being put in prison for same amount of time as white counterparts who may be raped and murdered people a hundred to one ratio. One later you'll call with a hundred times the powdered cocaine to get the same sentence as somebody caught with hundreds of that amount, crack. That's right now, like that any more. There ought well hello when there is one other thing to their mandatory minimum sentences that were again early harshest getting caught five. We are a little bit a crack on you any amount of crack. I believe you got five years automatically yeah five years does

mandatory minimum for possession five years in prison. Never nothing else like you can just be on the street and get call with crack enough, of committed another crime in your entire life here, and you would give five years in prison for that, and that is from the anti drug abuse active nineteen. Eighty six, which screams Nancy Reagan here and it was. There was a big deal of the war, the LAN until two thousand ten, and finally, Congress pass the affair sentencing act which reverted the ratio to wonder a eighteen. Instead of one two hundred by weight, got rid of that mandatory minimum and now attorney General Eric holders actually try to get some rest. Activity in these sentences and not trying to. They are actually releasing some people from prison armor. We talked

then the presidential Pardon episode lawyer. That was something that a lot of people are calling for. His blanket pardoned nonviolent crack users who had been busted under this, yet mandatory minimum. Here's an idea rehab somebody, but even still there still aid skew in the ratio between cracking cocaine, probably arrests no, not not just that the year, the senses, I guess there is still an eighteen one ratio. It used to be a hundred one while you're at it still. Eighteen o one and people like why not just get wonder, want it's both its cocaine and its cocaine. Exactly what's the problem here, so yeah there's been a long history of I guess. Racism just put plain and simple. There is really no other way to put it racism among drug laws yeah enough since date.

Producer retroactivity releases theyve reduce seventy three hundred sentences for an average of twenty nine months per inmate and saved american tat bears five hundred and thirty million dollars in the process of other people will say your latin drug offenders out on the streets. Why are we doing this and am so? There are two sides, obviously opinion. My said that story we be remiss if we didn't point out. The people are upset about it. Mercosur, oh sure, his cards, that's a great idea categorically yeah the others problems with it for sure to talk about cracked babies, you those another thing that came out of the eighties was the so called crack baby lay there was a huge part of his crack epidemic wasn't just today.

And it was babies being born addicted to crack and thanks to a paper for nineteen, eighty five by a guy named doctor, I reach has not be the crack. Baby fear started sweeping the name, I mean huge man, there's a New York Times, video that you can go out like ten minutes. Long called wretched reports is out of it's yes really good and a basically calibre and I remember now you know back in the eighties Peter meetings on the nightly news. Saying that you know, babies are been. It's not Peter, Jennings, of course, its whoever story. There was Peter, Jennings Dan? Rather, it is downright Ilkka people, time news, weak It is in these babies, are being born, addicted to drugs, ill, ultimately, cost crack babies focusing on states five billion dollars yeah, they were saying it was gonna, be a lost generation, and yet a nation of kids, who are you can't rehab there? going to be the baby's or aloof they shake they avoid Ike.

TAT they avoid eye contact with their own mothers, which proves that they're going to be anti social deviants when they grow up here- and this is not like- we're not rewriting history man that was like hard core stuff that there were saying it was gonna, be they will. One quite was they will not be able to hold to form to hold a job were meaningful relationships right. So they were expected completely overwhelmed the education system, maybe not even have an accurate. Fifty zanger quote the ending, the way, shape or form, and what they were saying was like the twitchy babies that you're seeing on tv when they're talking about the the symptoms of being a crack baby, that's premature they were pregnant and so women we're having their kids taken away from them. Some women were arrested and the guy that dog Yes, government sponsored a twenty five year study of crack babies nodded to your study or a five year study twenty five years. They followed these babies up into adulthood,

he was pretty mouthy and not very savvy. Pretty media naive. I guess you get richer and he said he give these long winded statements and then the press. We just pick out like the juciest part in, like this guy single handedly, created the crack baby myth because it never pay now in any way, shape or form and what they were saying was like the twitchy babies that yours hang on tv when they're talking about the these symptoms of being a crack baby. That's premature babies. Like you, take any pre your baby, whose premature for any reason near and they're, going to display these symptoms that are supposedly associated with crack babies yeah they did that, the? U S: government sponsored a twenty five year study of crack babies nodded to your study or a five year study twenty five years. They followed these Babies up into adulthood right is now over the funding ran out and they found that by age for the average I q of cocaine, exposed children,

was seventy nine. The average iq for the not expose children was eighty one when it came to readiness at age. Six about twenty five percent. In each group scored at in the abnormal range, basically all of the findings said it's the same as other kids. But here's the deal they weren't due in the study against crack baby babies and white, suburban kids. They were doing against alike model, which was other mean a poor black cats. Basically we're not cracked babies, and they said they are all below average. So the deal is: is its poverty right? It's not crack cocaine, their score and the same is not a non crack. Babies and there scoring lower because of poverty and in basically bad post natal care through a dull,

right like you, you might not have any problems physiologically or not. Is none cognitive really from being exposed to crack in the womb, but if your mom still smoking crack after you're born you're, probably I can get the best care from your parents is passed. Oh yeah, and they did find in that same study that children that were being raised in, like a supporting encouraging house even in poverty, stricken condition tended to excel right. So it is it was poverty they found out and post natal care, like you said, and being born premature for that. Yes, but the crack baby thing never happened, it was another exam,

of hysterics so right about now on a say. If, if it sounds like chuck- and I are being cavalier, have been cavalier with the idea of crack- we're not we're not being carefully with crack or addiction, that's nothing to take lightly right. But I think what created a bit over frenetic Nasser passion, maybe in this one year, is just this idea that we are able to look back now. Thirty, is on and say well, like America was genuinely hysterical and that's it something to be amazed by and a little disconcerted with two yeah. Of course, you should not take cocaine or smoke crack when your pregnant, no doctor on earth is going to say, that's a good thing, but the crack baby, and the one Emory professor, those in that New York Times researcher, and then your times. Video came out and said you know what alcohol to as much more physical damage.

And is much more widespread as an and abused drug during pregnancy than crack or cocaine ever is but they're not like Ladys up their prey for drinking and the reason they were doing it back then, is because they were poor black women right. We should say, though, the crack epidemic also, while the sentences were stiffer thee, I'm the amount you got caught with was a hundred times smaller. To give the same, the same rap is getting caught with. Our cocaine. There was something that came out of this crack epidemic. That was a real threat and that was the moon eyes of the modern inner city gang there, at least as far as we know it like crimson blood's in folks and all those guys they they came out of this

they were able to buy the guns that they bought in fight the turf wars that they fought, because they had this incredibly addictive drug. They can sell and control, pretty easily in their hands. All of a sudden there, somewhere listen to every episode, always wonder right in until now than ever reason. Listening to the police states by guess. Maybe one share my story years ago was the victim of a police chase. Some teenagers had stolen a car and were pursued by the cops. I'm not sure what causes the pursuit high speeds, but they did. The chase resulted in the kids T boning my car when I'll stop that

crack sentencing laws, whack whack, Gary web whacked whack. Let's get nothing else, perfect truckers! How bout you take us out with some was right. This is from Rebecca and it is about PTSD, and we chases I've been a fan of you guys since the inception of listen to every episode. So I to write in until now didn't have a reason listening to the police chase. Podcast made me want to share my story. Years ago I was a victim of a police chase. Some teenagers had stolen a car and were pursued by the cops and not sure what caused them to pursue at high speeds, but they did. The chase resulted in the kids T boning my car, when I was stopped at a red light. The kids tried to take an incredibly sharp turn. Essentially, you turn onto another road and they're gone way too vast. That escalated to and on foot chase and

actually did and in arrest ended up having to be cut out of the car with the jaws of life, suffered miner had injuries, despite my carving being as a result, incident. I began having anxiety and PTSD symptoms that were triggered by sirens and intent stress to receive treatment, similar to some of what you discussed in the PTSD episode, I was well now. I didn't take too long with their feet, overcome everything of swans share the downside of police Jesus. I don't think that's it required a high speed chase result could have been much much worse. I really wish that police would stop think before they pursued for minor crimes and would get find even or have some sort of penalty for causing accidents. By saying that is Rebecca Thanks, Rebecca procedure sharing nets. Are they happen to pledge it even better

if you want to share a personal experience from something that we have talked about in this episode or another one, you can I tweet to us as why escape had cast facebook dot com, such studies. Now, I guess the house, the forced I come, there's always join us at our home the web stuff. You should know that you should know is production of. I radios how stuff works for more. Had my heart rate I heard you Apple

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