Stuff you should know is presented by Subaru and the Subaru Love promise, a commitment made by Subaru and its retailers to do right by the communities in which we all live. In work, Subaru partnership with the leukemia lymphoma society to deliver messages of hope has spread to more than seven hundred hospice nationwide, to learn more about how Subaru gives back visit, Subaru dot com. Slash love dash promise that, as you be a r, u dont, come slash. Love dash promise here. It's me Josh and for this week's Saturday selects step you should now I'm choosing silly putty works originally ran in October two thousand and eleven, and, as I say this episode, it has it all. It has all six pillars of a great stuff. You should know episode. Five B. I dont quite remember either way.

I know what they are in this thrilling enjoy. Welcome to study should know how stuff works doc hey. You look into the fog cast on Josh Clark, there's Charles the beach bright with me. As always, looking good I'll, take you to the mix establishing and you are looking at his well Sir said. Initially now: listen, six mental illnesses, colony, driving was boring. Legged start to show those ask if aid is already high out there, just as wearing a lovely striped blue button up as he is

to do and I am wearing a everything's bigger in Texas, Green T, shirt Than genes I have on my last chance garage had anything else. I want that. Set the scene for once I've got a beard. Now you ve had a beard. I'm clean, shaven, clean shaven, sir. Do the clean shaven thing more than scruffy soon scruffy for a while, then, are you which way? Do you like that? For you I think whatever you may likes, which is clearly not scruffy, she likes it both ways. Yeah! That's that's. That is the most boring made ever start to show yeah. We should all go to sleep now. I've got a story for you. I mean

some of this city, not to pretend, like your surprise, back in eighteen, thirty, nine, there is a man named Charles Good Year and Charles Goodyear, whose less they might recognize for good reason. I figured out a way to make rubber natural rubber, tougher than leather they'll bulk innovation. Yes, a case of this process of Vulcan addition took rubber, which is natural. Kind of sticky gooey at warmer temperatures and rigid cooler temperatures and made it much more pliable, much more much more flexible than able to stand up to really punishing conditionally heat lots of pressure force which made it perfect for car tyres. Hoses fan belts, church all the stuff that we use rubber forty day this guy's the reason were able to write the reason. It's tough enough. Yes, now the fact that

came in eighteen. Thirty, nine means that this innovation came during the industrial revolution, which means that all that stuff that the rubber can be used for can be mass produced, which means that we needed a vast sore. Of rubber as a raw material, first balkanization process, and luckily I guess you could say at least further westerners We knew where to get vast stores of rubber the Amazon, which is, where the says very specific type, a rubber trees indigenous and is found in vast supply right.

Are you with me so far? I am so. We went on Amazon and, as a result, these part, a ruse. Brazil that were just totally impoverished, were suddenly suddenly found themselves at the centre of a global rubber boom and just became decadent wealthy. Like almost overnight Brazil and the Amazon was the center of the global trade in and rubber for decades. Now, until eighteen, seventy six, these british guys snuck some rubber tree seeds out of the Amazon and took them to the botanical Gardens in London, and they started to work on forming a hybrid that was even better than the ones in Brazil hybrid plant, a hybrid rubber tree that could, coincidentally thrive

british colonies in Southeast Asia Perfect. It was perfect for the British, by nineteen ten, the brazilian stranglehold on the rubber trade was being challenged. She was in real trouble by countries like Malaysia and Sri Lanka and Thailand. And by nineteen twenty, the Far EAST held the basically the monopoly on the rubber market. Bearing that's good Becker thinks I'm almost done so about the time. The said are these Asia. Third dominate rubber. We need even more than when Brazil dominated rubber, because cars are being mass produced in each of those required for rubber tyres right. So Southeast Asia, hold on rubber was even stronger than than the one that Brazil hand, plus one in the trunk. Yeah. That's right on. I envy the time where were to roll the realm

come to rely on river- so much that it was calculated- the- U s- Military, the Pentagon needed thirty, two pounds a rubber for every troops on the ground for thing like tyres boots? Anything any rubber for right, every soldier, which makes it a it, was a very, very, very big deal when the Japanese successfully invaded the Pacific Theatre, including Molly, including Sri Lanka, including all these rubber producing places in cut off the rubber supply to the U S and will we need river yeah. We need a bad and they were like what we ve got it yes and by the way like to go when you win, there's going to be stragglers on these islands will one day upon cast about them. He rode so what happened? Chuck well, Josh, because the? U S is industrious and bright

and has never say, die attitude. They said you know it. Why don't we commissioned summer labs and academic institutions to develop a synthetic rubber, but so they put out the call for they need? this for the wartime demand and all these chemist got to work on it. And invented something called Gr Dash s which has government rubbers Irene and it turned out to be a great replacement for rubber and by nineteen forty four. We were producing twice the amount of all the world's rubber combined the synthetic rubber and synthetic rubber in the? U S while so. This is like one of the most. This is one of the strongest biochemical chemical veneering accomplishments ever created absolute ever undertaken right threat, so Gr S huge still in use today right, yeah headings eyes like these standard for synthetic governance,

It changed everything like that was ears like by Malaysia. Sorry about your ear, rubber monopoly falling apart. You shouldn't have like Japan invade. Well, I'm sure they still had plenty of customers, I'm sure they filled the air like go gotta this river ratify. What are you gonna do with? We chose the wrong team eyes. So this this synthetic rubber, this triumph of chemical engineering was not without setbacks, though Well, no anytime, you trying to synthesize something like that. It's gonna there can be some ups and downs, and this was a nationwide challenged by the WAR production board. It wasn't just like hey you five guys over here. It will drag attention all chemical engineers alchemists. Anybody who has anything to do with chemistry. We need a synthetic rubber and we need it in abundant supply. So There are a lot of people working on areas in one of those guys James Right of General Electric G, he mixed Bork acid, with silk.

Oil and said you know what this is gonna be a great synthetic rubber. Unfortunately, it wasn't a great synthetic rubber. His court unquote bouncing Putty is what he called it, but I d thought I had some promise g thought it had some miss, but it did pretty much wallow away in obscurity at first right for almost two decades. Is China made the rounds to other places like hey? Can you guys do anything I with this will share the patent yeah, whatever you like, that is figure out what we do with assent and apparently G got. This was so widespread that it made its way to a party that a guy named Your hudson, who own an ant agency, Newhaven Connecticut, attended a cocktail party member span. That's response came from cocktail party news if great things happen when

It together and drink. This guy was at a year at a cocktail party and saw some people playing with this bouncing putty that James as change right called and said. You know what these it don't seem fascinated by this. I just happened to be working on a catalogue, fur and a toy store, and I think this would make a great adult novelty, so he approached lady who owned the black toy, store right yeah and I got there's varying accounts of the story. I think it's one of those deals where cause, I saw somewhere where she was the one that saw it and contacted him and said: hey. Can you put this in my catalogue so either way? Peter Hodgson and Ruth far greater, who owned the bloodshot toy store. Did they did they decided put it on the pages of their their catalogue. Descent, as a toy right, and it was two dollars not chump change and nineteen.

Nine. No certainly not Anna was an adult novelty, as they reckoned right, Sir said, adult novelty in Other things come to mind a cat Spencer gifts. I know I know I was at all that kind of an adult unworldly. No, it was an adult diversion. It became a big seller is what it became. So here is the black of figures seller, one of them, and then this this I found a little hazy. For reasons that remain unclear. Did you find anything? about why fall. Gotter stopped now backing the product Then find anything on that, but I guess even though it so big for she was just like whatever maybe she d say, thing go in and she's like what I want to start. A new product, I'm a toy, stronger yeah, I wanna be a millionaire- Money is the root of all evil for her take his Hitler

gotta Rubik I've, no, no plans for the exact, so so the hold the hope. The the whole dry the whole push to make this into something big. What we now know silly putty fell complete Hudson? That is true, and he turned into a whirling dervish between forty, nine nineteen, fifty he borrowed a hundred and forty seven dollars bought another bathroom g, hired a Yale student to roll them into, while twenty eight, Graham one ounce Bosnia package them in plastic, Easter eggs in sold them to Doubleday bookshops in Yemen, Marcus along the way, he also took them to some chemical engineers and Schenectady right answered. He copied reverse engineering.

Like that website? That has like all of your favorite recipes from like apple bees in Kentucky Fried Chicken reverse engineering, it first get chicken from a sealed bag, its pre sauced exactly and put in a pan. Yes, they like the? U has Cisco phone number So that's what he did and you're right. You did make pretty quick work of it because, after he the manufacturing plant. Guess all this is in a year, yet he first encounter this definition very like this is nineteen fifty he believed in this. What would be actually he's a had already settled on silly party as the name yeah. What was an agency guy says social brainstorm. Some names evaluate fifteen of almost like this is the one hurry. He trade market was not what you want. I think that is why I think that what is salty so Had the silly buddy name at this point open the manufacturing plant in Connecticut and and after that landed Niemann Markets and Doubleday bookshops customers, which was huge. It was it, but it became even huge her

some writers from the New Yorker went to Doubleday here, and they encounter doing This part you're generated Lincoln, renewing a scotch and are right. It was in the talk of the town, section, nineteen, fifty in the new Yorker we win to the Doubleday, Bookshop Fifth Avenue and fifty second street the other day intending in our innocence, to buy book and found all the clerks busy selling suit silly buddy, a gooey pinkish repellent looking commodity, the complexity of that that comes in plastic and enters the size and shape of eggs. We sought out Mr Lee Weber, the manager, the bookshop to ascertain the mysterious link between it and Doubleday. He told us that silly Party is the most terrific item and that Doubleday shops have been privileged to handle it since forever Amber forever

I looked it up. It was a bestseller from the forty second, it was about a young woman in restoration, England's late, seventeenth Century England, who threw her sexy wit, went from rags to riches and became like the favourite mistress of Charles. The second is banned in Boston really. Yet so because of this sum, pretentious of the cynical whimsie that appeared in the new Yorker the sales overnight for silly putty jump exploded. He got. Hudson got three hundred no seven hundred and fifty thousand orders two hundred man why they quarter of a mile. You pricing and three quarters you I was. I was thinking about

the orders that weren't there, except when he got a quarter of a mile in three days, quarter of a million orders and at two bucks a pop. That's a lot of money, especially considering that he only ten minutes yeah, that's what you're thinking about the half a million he didn't make. It. Hey. Do you like? Finally, your taxes? Now it does anyone know well, here's the deal. Buddy they're gonna make it easier on you, agent block is filing your own taxes online with age, and our block can be done. Super fast, dare I say in a Jeff you dare say because it's true chuck agent or block online guide, you three simple process and you can connect VHF instantly

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Who was like between overnight success thanks to new remark, is doubly books in the new Yorker and G in the Japanese, but I mean again, this is all happening in a year. Pretty speeches is a whirlwind year for this guy. I'm happy for just this. Looking back on the story, I hope he was a good guy and he didn't like beat up little kids on his way to work. He passed away. Nineteen, seventy six, I hope before then. Yet he didn't do bad things, but he saw a huge success, because when he died in eighteen, seventy six everybody was in twenty two countries, plus the United States with say exceeding five million a year, and that was in seventy six year olds lifted up it's ninety million today really doesn't ten dollars, while Craig our owns an hour, but it's it's pretty pretty get yegg. They seem to they seem to forget. While he sat up of Arnold Clark Ink- and I never found it

who are no Clark is a move that was an alias of his nose. But yet weird Crale apparently owns silly Polina. Now we ve just described the history of silly putty. That should be enough to pull out mean. Surely there's no one out there who hasn't play Vassili pay before I used to play with like crazy the kid and one thing I would do, which is something that they found out you know, was originally intended for adults and Hyrcanus surprised to learn that kids were into it and it didn't take long for the kids sales to dwarf. That of adults is nineteen. Fifty five yet setting sales overtook. Initially, he said he's like you. This is great for adults, because you can come home and unwind at the end of the day, by squeezing it and just blowing off steam by copying newsprint when it may. I and that's what I did with it was was copied

like books, so in that New Yorker article they interviewed hudson- and he had he had a quote- it means five minutes of escape from neurosis. It means not having to worry about Korea or family difficulties in it, appeals to people its appear, intellect the inherent ridiculous of the material axes and emotional released a hard pressed adults. So it obviously worked. Concern on Korea any longer. It's interesting He was wrong. I think it's funny. Huh summit can be wrong in something and still be right. You know I mean, like other uses in the intent was he was completely wrong, but it still skyrocketed. Oh well, I never gets. Then he cannot cast a widening of the patent licence. It was therefore stress relief hand therapy for people who needed it. It could be used to block out low frequency,

noise is yet they still claim you can do other stuff today, like it's good for therapy in four like coming up holes in cleaning typewriter Zenith here, which is a huge use. These days. Will computer keys? Oh yeah? I forgot about this. Of keys. But yes, the guy was very much focused on it being for adults, but kids can it took it for themselves, mainly because you could one of the great properties of silly putty? Is you can stretch it out, push it down on newsprint in you have a mirror image of it to us. It was what is today, though, you did say that comics coming any can't, it's hearted is harder to do that these days, because the print they use like ie, literally, have two fine. Like a newspaper In order to do that, we hear you can't do it on the internet or magazine yeah. You can't do it on the Kindle. You could do it on a magazine now. I think you can now do you just gotta pick up the ink. I now

can't do it. I can tell you from reading Harpers by the pool that that stuff smears and if it smears, I guarantee you- can get it until it buddy lucky for him, though it was nontoxic zone. Kid started playing with it an endeavour, We putting it in their mouth. There were no issues with that right. So how are you should not eat it? We should say that don't need anything! It's not true! or anything that has the same silly in it. Putty silly strings of anything, so Hudson made mention of its inherent ridiculous of the material right has some really strange properties. He originally called it, sought, he described it as a solid liquid right when you are, when you stretch it, it's like taffy, etc. Is very largely slowly right. If you pull it just snapped apart, if you boy radically quickly with a lot of force, if you stick, it too like say,

case, he come back a few days later. It will have very slowly moved down very slowly very, which means that flows, which is weird but we'll get to that a minute. And were Europa knew all about is twenty five percent higher than rubber year. They did a test, they they rolled it until like a perfect little ball and they dropped it with no force from three feet in advance: bounces back two and a half feet. Supposedly, that is dynamite, not ban, and if you throw it down real hard, you know you got yourself a super bowl in your hands right. So what is the stuff? But what are the? What's? The science of silly putty chuck I insist that wealth before we get there can I say about the egg, their several varying accounts on why it was put an egg. Oh yeah, some people say is because his first batch went out before Easter and then he said, hey, it's actually pretty good idea. Let's just keep it in the egg. Other people say he got the inspiration while eating eggs. One morning, eggs are good for you:

and still other people say that he couldn't find another container in abundance I'd like a line on these plastic bags and was like Al Disuse Desk, as this is pretty good way to put it in urban announced. So I was just do that either way that became the signature that still used today. So anybody full of egg comes right, the exile of silly buddy, I feel silly. You could probably get silly putty full of egg, but you have to do it yourself at home. Here. I suspected what this stuff is: yeah Josh. It is a poem, a right yet

It's a am visco elastic, polymer new. Basically, it subject to the science of fluid chemistry. Right and fluids are not necessarily liquids. Liquids are fluids, but not all fluids. Liquids. Gas can be a fluid. Some semi solid substances can be fluid. A basically fluid is anything that yields to slight pressure and has no definite shape. So I live in your ear. God is at least so. If so, that's that's the science. That's the part of chemistry in physics that we're looking at fluid chemistry and the ruling principle of that a fluid chemistry is viscosity. It would where we talk about this and that we talked about viscosity. We talked about viscosity in quickly in

right, sheer many, this class viscosity Josh viscosity is measured how much a fluid resist flow, edit certain temperature, so so viscosity resists resistance to flow. If you like me- and you can ever remember what viscosity what's viscous her what's LE high or low viscous viscosity is resistance of flow The easiest way to remember is water is low, that pretty much as adopted since easy, like peanut butter would have a high this Cassidy water would have a low the scarcity he's pretty easy. Waiter model has a high resistance to flow, more low resistance to fly like honey or more. Ices and viscosity is often measured in Pascal seconds, not so much anymore. Now, it's measured by dine seconds per square centimeter also called poise and ten points equals one Pascal. Second, what means. I cannot. I couldn't ran my mind around before then yeah, every site that I saw it took it for

and there I understood what what that measures, but it measures viscosity or flow. As far as I can. You're saying what I love is it someone somewhere said task I'll seconds to certain cabinet right guy who's last name was poise proposal. I believe that's what I came up with poise, but yes that, Sir, how viscosity is measured in the

or Pascal seconds anymore. Poise. There are the more the higher the viscosity is, but the thing about viscous fluids they all, I should say most of them- are subject to temperature. That's what affects sir viscosity few. If you have called honey that you're trying to get out of the bottle sure it doesn't flow very well, both at room temperature earth, it's warm, it flows, it's much less viscous right. It flows much more easily because its subject just to temperature near that makes it a newtonian fluid. That's also pet peace. When you go to a place and get pancakes or waffles reprinted us, and they have the heated syrup I like you, do like. Must Europe thick, ok,

It then, and what are you like? It yeah as long as it's warm its watery because its low in discussing in his warm, but that's it, but it's just temperature there had it hasn't. They do force or pressure anything like that. If a fluid is subject to not only temperature but also force its what's called a non newtonian, fluid chuck everybody. We want to talk about audible, which, just so happens to be the sponsor of the audible audio pioneer award at this year's Iheart. Radio podcast towards an audible, gives you the edge by keeping you informed, inspired and entertained on the go right with the audible, app it's easier to get more books in your life. Using the time you already have listen, while commute

working out doing: chores anytime anywhere audible has the world's largest selection of audio titles, including exclusive audible, originals, that you can hear anywhere else they ve got. A mind: boggling number of categories, everything from careers and financed to fitness, mysteries, memoirs and all of the latest best sellers. Whether you want to tackle a new skill or focus on Healthy itself or just catch up on all the new releases. There's no better placed to listen, then audible, you can begin a free, thirty, two, audible trial today in your first audio book, is on us to get started. Just visit, audible, dot, com, Slash S, why s k or text S? Why escape to fight hundred five hundred

Are we the email point? I believe we are chuck, This was pretty Nita. We got an email from a young listener just a few weeks ago, that seemingly had nothing to do with this podcast, but Josh in its wisdom, looks back and says: hey this kid actually described, newtonian, fluid very well, and so us just read his description and it came before we decide to do silly place. It has all discerned if it has just sitting there, sir I'm talking to read the whole, even in this marks, the first time that a listener has actually contributed to the body of the shows information, and so this is a he's. Young listener choose what minor, dearest, Josh Chuck and Jerry, and he spill Jerry's name correctly, read out again. To get on the bus hi guys. I wanted to say how much I love your podcasting in your soothing voices, which get me through long road trips. I may be considered one of your younger quote listeners,

eleven years young. I needed an excuse to email So I'll tell you a little bit about nine newtonian fluids. Diskette Sir Isaac Newton said that fluid such as water flow continuously, regardless of forces, act upon it. So if you put your hand under a foster, the water still flows the matter. What making it a newtonian fluid non newtonian fluids like ketchup blood in yogurt behave differently based on the amount of stress added on to it. Try adding cornstarch to water. If you put your and into it, behaves like a liquid and allows your hand to go through it. But if you punch it with a lot of force, it behaves like a solid and stops your hand from entering cornstarch and waters called ooh Black, like the Doktor Susan, Bartholomew, Bartholomew and the black sorry, if that was, long boring or not entertaining I don't write articles well, as you guys, anyway, I love the and keep up the great work. I have to keep listening to the progress. One day we will hear Jerry speak together. We

find away your podcast confuse my friends with amazing knowledge and make me sound like the smart kid in six great, and for that I thank you. Your s why s case you prevent Matthew from New York P S. What kind of music do you guys like? like pink Floyd, queuing loosen the news and weirdo yank ervic. Also, there's none. Only in fluids, for you ended, you came to me and said here you go with us reading this kid's thing to describe this. I went here casino. That means I don't have to do it yeah. He saved me. Yet he didn't know he so both of us by our

little black right so York. Basically, the nine newtonian fluid as as Matthew points out, is basically acts like a solid Anna liquid, all at once. So he was right way. Back. Hudson was way back in the day correct when he said it was a liquid, solid, resolved liquid. Exactly the reason. Why is because its main ingredient is Polly Day Methyl so octane right? And that means that's what gives a silly putty its fiscal Alaska, Fisco elastic properties. So I changes depending on long flow time, meaning say the force of gravity everything on it down a bookcase in temperatures right, so it along flow time hide him.

Sure it behaves like a highly viscous fluid it. It will just kind of slowly flow right, but at lower temperatures and when the when, when it has shore flow times, high pressure is applied really quickly here, it'll just break, which is, why can stop it? I wonder I guess if he heated up, does it become liquid? If you heated up it becomes radioactive. It's like super happy fumble. Remember that you don't live commercial for super happy fumble is just like a regular ball but they're. All these warnings like do not stood earthly at super happy fumble super happy Foma begins to smoke runaway guy. Look it up or fire for you. The wheat member. We fought for for the title of our audio books was like the Super happy fun guide to develop new happiness or whenever Lenny Awesome was in there somewhere, they said no simplified. So that's it. That's the science of sea of silly putty, but let's say Chuck,

Don't have much money you down on you luck in this economy. It happens. You still want some silly putty. What do you do make it dude. You can very easily make your own. I don't know, do you do ok, go ahead as another, there's, probably some sort of more acts involved. There is, for example, or you can use cornstarch for this I mean he's, bore ex, because I think we should port, our friends at twenty mule team, borax. By voting for hundreds of years and by the way, kids. Even though this is a safe thing, you should always get your parents to help you when you're making stuff like this, because you might just make a big mess and then they would be mad at us and take away your ipod is exactly right no wonder there was. I was listening all deficit and there is one about a kid who wrote in and said that we had em. We gotten his ipod taken away because his teacher

He asked about alien hand syndrome, remember that and his teacher couldn't answer so she took his ipod and said it was eight hundred and eight utensil for cheating, and he said for the record. I never use my Ipad as a utensil for cheating, basically smoke She was embarrassed so if you want to go ahead and gather these things, em there's a white craft, blue elmers glue will work any bore, exe mule team borax works very well some warm water and food colouring. If you like, and won't wait here, why you gathered us so you want to take your white craftily. You want one cup of it. Sixteen ounces announce a sorry my which I think is the standard size of it. Just a regular thing of elmers glue eat. You're three quarters CUP warm water and you make a nice glue. Water mixture and you're gonna find that the glue dissolves pretty readily in the warm water chuck. Ok,

which means a has very low risk chastity. Then you take your borax just to have a teaspoon of also seen up to a teaspoon one of those two slowly added you're gonna find very quickly that the viscosity increases dramatically after a little while you when you're stirring it your eventual going to have to get to the point where you just pull it out a new rub it together with your hands or whatever and dumb? Oh, when you add the Borg Also one of the few colouring too sure, if not use, have white silly play. But you are you're all around your hands. There's you silly putty it's done and what happened was you're the polymer chains, the molecular chains of water and the glue weren't sticking. They D slid right past each other well kept them in the new Only in a fluid category the moment you added that borax. It came in and said, hey. What's all this band together and it took these pollen retains and winked them, so they could no longer sly. Passing

other they returned into a net or web, and that's what gives the putty its elastic like qualities in these long polymer changes to hook up and hook up and Hookah howlings. That's the last Gina I I don't think humanity's been around long enough to know how long silly party will ass now mean homemade syllable owner until you little brother, eater cause. I thought I saw something about putting it in the fridge. I am making the door in a receivable bag or container to keep soft movement, so that's it and does it does it copy oppress the same way, I wonder just had the same elastic proper, I don't know I don't. Let's do ok, that's bakers. We're done this weekend Chacha regulated evade weekend, I'll bring the apron sweet to bring the beer. So that's it. I would say that this sum this podcast was a quintessential stuff. You should know

I guess they had an icon american product, a lotta history, ahead, science, the chemistry behind it and had to do it yourself at home recipes for tenants. Oh and we tell her head and if you could find pillar cycle, we we the mail, this one etiquette Nobody, six dollars! Awesome, that's alright, go get you some silly body, another had the think further Firstly, they had gold, silly body for the first time ever believe ermine, and I think they now have things like glow in the dark, and you know it gets all wacky used to just look like I guess pinkish but sort of a fleshy pinkish. I remember that I think they still have that to the original they ve got teacher. You can't you can't forget your roots like that. So dad's can go to the toys torrenting now you're, not getting

the dark you get this you can pink. That's what I hear when I was a kid and I love that you're gonna love. It too must get some comics wherever they sell, those and press it against IRAN line it's so I feel isler more about silly putty typing silly putty. It brings up a really cool article, including arresting and extended recipe. Even so that, as I l L, why space p D, why and in the search bar how stuff works that common sense, I said, search for that means it's time for a listener. The second one in this fund can indeed judging the goddess smart stuff from a lady in Colombia, South Carolina Innocent, and we just get these listeners. It

Dissent is really get intelligent emails and I think those are always worth reading either we would go hey guys, just finished listening to the future of the internet, cast out a few thoughts about the so called dumbing down of culture. First, I'm highly sceptical of any claims it to assert a sea change in intellectual ability. Smart and dumb are culturally and historically lots of terms and is also true that people have been bemoaning the intellectual poverty caused by new technologies. Ever since writing was invented secondly, a might actually sure the utilization of deep memory, a good is a good one in and of itself yes, something be lost without aha moment, but much more impressed by someone's ability to make novel and surprising connections, something that the internet actually facilitates than by the pedantic memory zation effects, which I would argue as it began.

For this me thirty most personally, the ability of the internet to store and offer a vast quantities of information doesn't necessarily wipeout. Sustain researcher thought I am finishing up a dissertation that I could have couldn't have written without good. Books and that would have taken me a lot longer without Google scholar. Yes, sometimes I find this a loss in an indefinitely and are infinitely expanding morass of tabs disappeared down some research rabbit or disguise, obviously putting off working on its dissertation by writing female insulating. That's has been the nature of scholarship. You never know where question will take you and the ability to quickly pursue various strands in to figure out ones are going to take you anywhere productive is, I think, transformative for academia all of this to say The internet might diminish our ability to store quantities, effects but more,

and ability, privileges, facts in quantities effects are not necessarily indicative of a cultures. Intelligence, sustained reasoning and interpretation is, of course something else knows from Josephine. Are Colombia South Carolina Visa loss, Angeles deserved cookie sewage, she's, curling Colombia occurs it from elsewhere. From L, a beer- you know she's in away from here. You are right that has plenty of us this morning, that would dumber you like in literary than literary works it. Thank you just think for that. We appreciate it. There was actually kind of a big topic of dissent. People writing about that. After that, the thanks, I think, she's under the very well agreed. Also, we should correct ourselves: shudder american cheese no

English after the english town of cheddar. So sorry about that England thanks be taken away. One of our American TV. I can think of any more corrections right now. But we will figure mouth. Yes, we will, if you want to send us a correction always open to that. You can also send us any too silly putty stories that you ve got. Let us hear you can tweak tourists as why escape. I guess. You can go and facebook that consular stuff. You should know that survey on page or you can send it's an old email at stuff, podcast at house works that count for more on this and thousands of other topics as it has to work.

Calm text. They will be here before you know it everybody but relax, because H in our block is your one: stop tack shop, their tax pressure experts, certified and train and agent or block, has up front transparent pricing, which means you know that Before you begin no surprises and with office is open early and late. It's easy to walk in, make an appointment or just drop off your documents. Do your taxes out there or in your maximum refund. In your pocket visit each hour, block dot com, slash textile, define the closest office to you, it's better with black