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matters download, the EP were sign up today at use, dot, expensive fight, a expiate, and, as I have why dotcom welcome to stop, you should now have production, and I heard radio and walked into the pond cast iron job part a target for broad, an economy. This absurd had something one of his stuff. You should now- and I have no room to make fun of your friend. I've been on my own dental journey for some time now, and I am still in the midst of it. When you get Goin on all sorts of stuff, I I was not granted with like great strong, dumb indestructible, like teeth and all that you know yet again that healing I thought, like I just hadn't taken enough care of him whatever, but now that I actually do take really good care of my teeth. I found like it's there, just not as great as they could be. I think

I'm fully aware with that emotion, as you know- and you know I don't even know if I said I missed out on the air, but my front window If ever it redone yeah yeah one. Is that going to happen in its sorted I mean right now, he's basically like it. It's not cause. Any trouble right now, but it's gonna happen at some. wait, so he almost made it sound like whenever feel like you're up pretty being toothless again for three months. Let me know in that regard, I'm just in time for our next slide show whenever that is cheese. Forget about that. China will see why thank you haven't been on stage without a tooth before you taking them out like that. Was your stick at the beginning of a number of show, so don't get shy these days chuck but you gonna work, Ura deficiencies, charter, humor, that's true, that's true, so they were talking about the history of industry which, by the way, people listening and know. You know this probably, but

was it until like laid in the eighteenth century. That that word was even use really living call it dentistry now, middlemen, they called official stick, and we should thank quite a few people here. I'm sure you have some websites you looked at, but I to the British Dental Association are took dot, org history daily this great work, of all things. Georgian Annie, it's a blog money. We can find some cool old pictures of antiquated dentistry too, was and then a book by James, vibrant, called the x initiating history of dentistry, insert colon sound as ever happening by the way. I don't think so. I think Jerry thought we were joking about that. Literally I'm just been saying that I'm pretty sure I haven't picked it up on any of the queue of undue and am in either. So I will find on pay extra it to some tea

hills in oral oddities from Babylon to Braces very nice yeah, huge, huge, shut out also to our boy day rule for helping us with this one. Well, yeah. This was my idea in us as when we instructed Davis, it hey Dave about history of industry, and it's like I don't want to talk about anything modern that works. I want to talk about all the old stuff right holders: took that they tried along the way that people screamed in excruciating pain and actually that's, I think, that's that's good for for pointing out Chuck that there are points where it would suffer. Talkin about, like my ex do you feel faint like it happened to me yet as a trigger warning fisher, there was this one site called them. Science, museum group collection, the cumbersome, but they have a lot of fun, dental old dental stuff in their collection and have very high rise pictures and a lot have descriptions of how the thing was used. In light, I, like an egg I'd like break out in a little,

go sweat along the top of my lip, unlike get a gilolo woozy reading about the stuff, and I'm pretty tough. With that kind of thing I mean I can talk about poop all the live long day when it comes to like pulling teeth out without anesthetics, and things like that, it's my knees, Gill, wobbly yeah- and I don't know if you had the same reaction but looking at these old dental tools, it's like a well that was clear, we also this. You know some sort of iron smithing tool right, yeah or whatever, and they just lead. Well, hey a budget. If you move that little spun David here. You can also use it to crank out a smaller and, as will see if you wanted to three move for a very long time, depending on where you live D probably went to go, see your local smithy crazy, such as Elaine everybody. I started the very very beginning because for at least some thousand years people have been talking in writing about two things.

the Babylonians, I believe, were among the first to ever. Created alphabet ever write anything down in one of the thing They rode about was too thanks and the idea of where two things came from, which are called tooth worms Chuck, which cute sounding actual yeah. The tooth worm is what you think it is even those not real, but little tiny worms and get in your mouth and sometimes that they would. originate in your mouth like spontaneously, so They got into your mouth somehow and worm their way literally India, or to like the the non existent core of an apple and this You know they said. Are here's what you should do you should you should do something ceremony to the gods and asked for a little help from the gods. and then later on, they said, or maybe we can actually try something in that early. Something in this is true:

five zero busy here. Forty two hundred fifty years ago for most people say twenty to fifty. They would heat up a piece of they would heat up, beeswax, filled with henbane seeds and put it in your mouth so basically spills her mouth up, the smoke of the henbane seed, which is a night jade, and it can be really dangerous if there's a lot of it but this can of just showed you where they were at it. It seems like all the earliest. for a long time, mitigation efforts were at trying any thing to do. None the pain a little bit for awhile, while because henbane will do that in small doses, I'm sure and it was basically like. Let me stop the pain for a little while, but the pain. What come back so they had to move to extraction yes and that those toothwort, the tooth worm, theory of teeth pain, had some a really like gum,

staying effect like it, it was around into the medieval medieval Times in Europe. If you actually go medieval times today in your local suburb earlier than talk about tooth worms, and there is a true now I don't think so, unless somebody really do their homework. Would surprise me now was a study I ran across that we talked about. This is a paper from ninety ninety eight. They talked about a chinese traditional medicine practitioner who cited tooth worms as the cause of somebody's to think that they were healing and they use that same beeswax. Henbane heal like medicine to treat it. Here's what I wanna know did they action. see any worms ever like was this somebody his mouth zone? Did they got worms or something? Oh boy would not be something I mean, I know that there were completely invisible, it seems a little weird. Maybe they saw pass in in it came out.

SK, in kind of a warm like form like exit from the guy. somebody thought it was worms are, who knows. Maybe someday did have worms. It seems where did just be like worms without anyone ever having seen worms of any kind. I told you guys I didn't know the hearing talk to them about bus. let's get for the ancient Egypt, where we have? Who may be? The first dentist and this is around twenty six hundred BC or to six zero zero. During the time of king is at Dover and Soda, authoritative, J assignment right to Hauser ADA Hauser There was a scribe called hussy re who, and they read the hieroglyphics on, describes burial chamber that basically said this guy, is the best in town, dentistry, he's the greatest of those who deal with teeth.

the physicians in that was. I think one of the first dimensions of some one. you know, written down on will not paper, but terrific written down someone actually did this for a living. Yet the paper actually did come, not too much longer after that, the Papayas errors, which we talked about many times it's a scroll and it had a lot of stuff medical ailments and treatments for those elements in their word, I'm treatments for two thinks and other kinds of like oral problems like bleeding gums and stuff like that, and of course, because what they had hand at the time were like medicinal cures. They prescribed all sorts of medicinal cures, and it's like you said there was basically just this aim to cure the pain

And they would do all sorts of things like use opium or they would use that henbane or other curative night. Shade then also problematical. They would use arsenic, which is it really does killed. Disease tissues but it also can kill you too in some pretty horrific ways what's crazy about. That is not that the ancient Egyptians were using that you know like thirty five hundred years ago, but that that was still in use into the modern age, like people are using arsenic for a very long time to treat mouth stuff and in fact we do not want a weird stuff to her mouth and use a lot of things we shouldn't have been using in our mouths over the years. we started thinking the bleeding aims. Murphy joke there a moment ago, but all you have to do is say his name in that together, You would be mentioned agent, chinese medicine or a traditional chinese medicine, and they work,

the onboard early on it. It's funny could sometimes people seem to be going towards the right thing: yeah because they re using things like princes and mouth washes makes sense. They would also use animals. I'm not sure about that. Animals have been listed to cure a whole host of things, but I think I'm about to thanks. Ozma for the distraction is my guests were happy, then some approaches you in the mouth but acupuncture of the three hundred and eighty eight acupuncture sites, ROTC M, twenty six of them are tied to too relief. And then piling on from the different cultures there added and contributed to like our general human knowledge of how to treat problems with the mouth

The Hindus from say like India in Southeast Asia and South Asia. They put their stuff down in the vague us which were bunch of ancient text, much like the pirates, embers which dealt with things like medical conditions, including how did not just treat tooth problem. and teeth pain, but also how d like prevent it and actually prescribed using Likud, a twig with it and with the end frayed too, to basically chew on and also just kind of brush with. There was like the first earliest toothbrush they also had dentrifice is, which is a type something you would use to: cleaner polisher polisher, scrape off your teeth, made of oh honey, oil and herbs. It is pretty great like that, was pretty groundbreaking. Frankly, yeah, that's people still use

and survival handbooks and stuff. They say if you're, you know lost in the woods for For many many days, you're gonna wanna take care of your tea that some silly, but if you're wandering around for three weeks you wanna just feel fresh but but the whole twig afraid twig thing is what they still People still do that in different cultures around the world chewing on twigs. You can you buy some of that stuff still here in the West and like dental twigs to chew on stuff yeah, and if you ever have closely watched Shakespeare in love. Gwyneth Paltrow uses one in that movie cuz. She really she does. I saw it, I don't know if I they watched it, though. Well you need to go back and closely watched. That thing is full of so many like so much imagery so much illuminato stuff. It's crazy! Really! Did you?

it recently now I'd friends, Unreason her chewing on thy twig made an enormous impression on me cause. I haven't seen that movie since the nineties, but never forgotten that it's not like one of those things where you know I only think of it when confronted with Shakespeare in love, like I just pops my head every once in a while weirdly itself, fine for this episode Chuck? So when you think when I say the words Glinda contrary, I know you think of two things in this order. Her do it with Huey Louis nets. Third, Prison immediately, really just thirteen chewing on twigs. What what's the third one just group in general. Ok, that's probably just keep second so chewing on a twig goop and then yes, they do at that. I can sometimes push out of my head until you bring it up So now we move on to ancient Rome, which is where you know things sorted.

look a leap forward and away like a lot of stuff it in ancient Rome not the kind of modern dental worked. There were no use to today, obviously, but for the time not too bad in that they did things like crowns. They did average work. They had dental prosthetics made from like ivory or bone, which makes sense so they kind of it and things a little bit o. I there was a huge bit. If you ask me dental well, yeah, I guess you enormous leap forward yeah, but mean I'm sure they were pretty Jackie. You know who the hell did you get she would Turkey leg and by God you be grateful. You good progress it didn't matter what you looked like a nature, Amr by two wasted on wine. I miss my time and place. Didn't you really did those fish in their name Cornelius Celsius, who filled supposedly filled the first cavities, but they weren't day traditionally

like we think of cavities. They were from poured lead and they were to serve as something to grab onto to actually pull a tooth, so I guess he would do it too, like some sort of a poster stammer, something I think you are poor, it's weird cause you would have to use molten lead, you can't go around pouring than on people's teeth and expecting their face to not fall off or develop. A nice post so so yeah, I'm not I'm night. I get the impression that he molded around whatever tooth was left so that he had more gripping power. That was my take on it, but by it it did end. Becoming like, I guess, very leases noteworthy that he he kind of came up with the the dental fillings. Even if that wasn't the point of it right, and then before I guess we break. We should mention this one more kind of one. In fact, this is tough. His her in ancient Rome, for for a mouthwash they recommended

announcing the mouth with the first end of the morning which everyone knows is the densest, yellow, austere and the other day protein Rich Lee so we are going to break now, because I have that taste in my mouth. Thanks to you you're in here very, very suggestible. Have you ever drink here and now, No, I can say honour percent, that I never have most people can say one where the other right well, That's a yes or no question the area, unlike sort of little bed, I have any, there was a risk. I was wondering you never know. Let's get there after thirteen years were still exploring one another. I will just take a break and I will be back credit for this- yeah you, never answers. Nothing like

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Your business and seamlessly connect your customers through team messaging, video meetings and phone, more say and more securely than ever before, say hello, to a whole new way to say hello? Is that rings Shoulda, come and say hello to possibilities, ring central message: video found too: other so check her back we're in the middle ages. Now I dont know if anyone's caught onto this, but we're loosely organizing this sequential beer over the over the years and we reached them wages middle ages of Europe, I should say specifically and laughter. Rome fell in so many ways and, of course we talked about it before, but the Middle EAST

are often called the dark ages. Your name is putting on the middle ages because it makes this stuff that happened during this time, inconsequential and is not the case, but it is true that, like the practice of dentistry, really took a nose dive during s time, so this is actually pretty good example of how human knowledge in well the human knowledge of how to do things, smartly, He fell off for a little had to be rediscovered. That's right, and it was around the sign that physicians like they were something special back then, but the physician said I'm not messing around with teeth like the mouth has been me, which is money that lead yoke sort of the thing right, yeah, it's true as far as like what movie was at the other hangover. When at home, so the denizens of the doctors like give him any respect wasn't Adam was Anita, Unsigned felled. That George pretended to be a dentist for a little while was

He pretended to be an architect right, but there is something big zoo in about a Dennis there. It was going to be like a dentist at first. Maybe I don't know whether was the dentist to which was I what's his face, glanced and TIM widely yet widely nice girl, Otto Nodes, Vienna, ok, there's something and to be a dentist. Maybe the kid double cross, the kid that Georgia sponsoring for the Susan's foundation. was well said he wanted to be an architect and then, when he takes him in there, for the scholar should be changed. He double cross examined says he wants to be a dentist everybody last about how stupid architects are, even though Georgetown attended by an architect. I think we hammered it out here, live on the episode, so if positions did not pull teeth, that was left to a couple of other people professions, I was call the tooth draw or not a tooth drawer

and the first reference I found this was Peter of London and thirteen. Twenty ok you're better researcher than I am, and that's not true, but it is Chuck, at least in this case. It is very true because I try I looked high and low and did not turn that, define them, tutors dollars from the middle ages, yeah. Well, they started in the thirteen hundreds, but I do think you in that they had their sort of apex, probably the seventeen and eighteen hundreds because and we'll explain what they are. They are exactly the character that, what's his face, played an Christophe walls in jangle unchained. Yes, when he played the dentist, now he would have been ass. He was going. the tooth drawer. No, he definitely was he was out. He was an itinerant Dennis for sure, and yes, He was like a more to draw than what you would consider dentist in today's standards, but I also have the impression

two three cars were way more, like showman, like much less scrupulous in unlike refined, and they were just kind of like the world like Charles Charlatans and actually the word charlatan- is the Italian forward to shore yeah. I thought that that through that character was, though we didn't get it CM practice that my I see I see. Ok, maybe because he wasn't doing dentistry and the movie, but he rolled through with that. You know big old tooth on sprang the buggy there, which is pretty fine, but I'm sure at the very least guarantee. No, you know sort of base it on this practice, which was there come to town. There were sort of part entertainer parts, not even part. Dentist is what they really were. Just people with enough V serve to take pliers any anchored to that somebody. His map, yeah yeah. They on a stage. Yes on a stage in the

be surrounded by a band maybe depending you know what arrow we're talking about. They would might they might have jugglers and acrobats like they, basically like surrounded themselves of the circus, the main attraction. The main event was the pooling of teeth and would just be like one after the other come on up here, and that was a lot. times. Your only option depending on where you lived. It was to wait around for the tooth drawer to come along and hopefully, pull your teeth or again like we talked about before, you might have somebody in town who was a blacksmith or a goldsmith who would be willing to gold teeth and maybe even made like some sort of primitive dental appliances to to replace the pulled tooth. What with he would go see him? They pull the tooth and then put like a, I don't know and iron tooth in in its place or something like that. But that was your options for

a long time yet, and I think the tooth drawer that you know the purpose of the band was to distract people from the past, in the howling pains the bandwidth. They would literally tat the stage louder for the ban to play louder when it got more intense and they would they would dope them up with like liquor or something and part of it was delightful. Teeth, but not like hey. I want to pull fifty teeth in the sound to make money. I think it's like zero dollars and fifty cents a tooth. It was mainly, I think, the cell, the tonics in the salve That snake oil stuff it came along with it as well. Here, that's where they get you a story with a little where they get yeah yeah. So so, ok, sir chores were medieval, but that's really impressive that they lasted until the eighteenth century, They were, they were around for a really long time. One of the problems was: is there

Not only were they charlatans like one of their their techniques when they came into town, the first person they would call on was like a plant who was working with them and would re come up with tooth in their mouth already in the dentist, would pretended just painlessly. Poet made spit this to them. There you go and then all of a sudden everybody who actually did have to paint would be willing to come up on stage. They were hucksters. There were from what I saw actual likely jet ones who cared about people and wanted to ease suffering the Christoph Walter's of gratitude. Jars right, but there were plenty of it for the most part. They are generally viewed as car. Like you didn't you didn't. You know you didn't like talk openly about how much money you have in your wallet around him kind of thing right. no at the beginning of the second. We mention that there were a couple of types of people would do it because physicians wouldn't two throws wine and then the barber surgeon was the other. If you ve ever seen that the great said Aunt life's get some years ago,

Martin is Theodoric of York. One of the great all times gets. I dont think I see no one, he was a barber and, as you know, of course, everything that comes in there and he's like you just need a good bleeding like bill. Murray came in with both of his legs, broken off and just blood everywhere and he's like you need a bleeding he's like I'm already bleeding. gets the, but I'm was first introduced in Rome and about to ninety six and they think that they got into dentistry some because they already had the tools like sharp things. Basically, and eventually they would split. Barber surgeons would split up in seventeen forty five, but before they were literally barbers insurgents. They would cut hair and stuff and also cut you open if they needed to yeah, but when they split off it's not like the barber surgeons, stop cutting you open; they they would still do lame amputations, they would

you bleatings like bloodletting with leeches, they would do tooth pulling and they were all shave you and give you a hair cut. It was like the other stuff that the medical surgeons who went to the universities there, really you universities for training, that's what they kind of kept as their own. They became the resolution's where the barber surgeons were, you know doing like stuff. Any he could do. You know like amputating. A limb right in the theodoric of York Bit is appropriate here because that sort of You know the whole bloodletting and bleeding thing was there were they would leave people for all signs of things, including tooth pain, they would say, You know, I think all the way and like the first half of the eighteen hundreds if had a cavity or somethin, they would bleed you first. Like first thing, it is just a matter of course. Grazing and Dave turned up

late as nineteen seventeen gaining Charles, Edmund Kells, who was respected, fur dentistry eroded We just on how to put it. How did direct leeches two specific spot on the gums to believe in that part of the gums? And I looked into my greatest management, man Chuck. We have not done an episode unleashes in by God. We are going to do in episode. A really I know I would, when a medical, each is right. We did a bizarre medical treatments episode and that was in. There was in there, but I mean I I it's perfect. It's like yeah, weird medical stuff, animal episode, its at all. It's Gandhi, reference rate, one sure, yeah that'll be leeches. Let's talk about stand by me, oh yeah. They are that movie, but also leeches to there movie gully, just I'm sure there was in it. I think I had an excellent exclamation point. While I tell you what

There's not that movie will do that. Movie too, like we'll make it our cell gayer occurs during us, written directed by us the whole deal. The sounds often We cannot just go back in user disdain history, Susan Justdub, Dobbin, new dialogue and call it a desert. so the tools that they would use. This is where I went to that. Georgian all things georgian website there are all kinds of so something called a dental. Pelican all these were sort of versions of Forceps. That the end of the day, the pelican looks I sort of like ice tongs like for big blocks of ice. I couldn't heads or tails of how it use. I I mean there's something called a dental key, which the bees to either lever out your tooth or just break it into pieces sour. So I made me feel first faint, so George, the third operator for the teeth, Thomas Bird. More wrote some stuff in his treatise on the disorders and deformities of the tea.

Guns in seventeen seventy and heat. This lady that came in that head, you know, headed by to the need to be pulled, one were upper molars. Any said that after some work. He brought away the effective tooth together. Piece of jawbone as big as a walnut and three neighbouring molars, Lord. Yes, so that was on guide. You said that I ran into that all over the place, one of the problems with pre trained dentistry, where there was like actual like science based, treatments and stuff, like that, when you had your tooth pulled like there, was a really good chance that a brilliant idea shock of the bone and like yours, you're ah was going to come out along with the cause, they didn't know what they were doing and like do you could from it like a lot of people actually died from infection. That was, on by a badly pulled tooth, a botched tooth to drawing here this is I mean it's sad, but it's kind of funny to because it so long ago,

but the bill of mortality in London in sixteen sixty five. What the number five cause of death on the bill immortality was just teeth did I tell you now say They were apparently a hundred and eleven people in London died from infections in one week brought on by botched dental, then old, pullings, too again. We don't mean to be laughing but These are no less time right here. I know exactly what you mean. I've got one that's coming up that I just can't help ok, so we finally have reached that eighteenth century. Were that's interesting me that the hay Dave the tooth jars that we described like when they roll into town. I would like a circus around them and everything. The early eighteenth century was

when they were really do in that up, but at the same time this is also the origin of dentistry. As we understand it today, like modern dentistry- and there are two guys their typically pointed to as the the fathers of Dentistry one is a Frenchman name, Pierre four shard. He and the other is it in american named green vitamin black with infinite Gilad full name, GB yeah, you ever nephew colors in your name. That is impressive. You know a very often like his name is green back near. I never thought about that. Well, you just heard his name reason. You know it you get when you mix green in black, like black. I think black right now, so you can just come back. so Pierre for shard. He, he pioneer a lot of things, but one of the funny things at university think about as far as in advance.

it was literally just putting people in an arm chair to work on them can appear before then they would lay people on the floor, and I get on their knees. The dentist word economic them and put their between their knees and might hold it, but in their knees and thighs to keep its steady because it was such an awful thing. Yes, I mean that I was dentistry. So it really was like cutting edge to be like how about you just make yourself comfortable in his chair and I'll stay in hand. Reinstate me comfortable right in that wasn't the extent of full shards contributions. He was the first to to create like evidence, base treatments. He didn't he just kind of Poohpooh the idea of the following tradition:

He felt tradition was probably not so great. An he wanted, do apply science and in ration rational, as my guess is that, through the whole pursuit of treating people's teeth problems, he also got really good at creating like prosthetics like dentures, and things like that that he would string together. He also work was known for, introducing a lot of the dental tools. I dont know if he invented all of them, but he he organizing categorize him and basically his treatise, I think, was a two volume work that spend eight hundred pages basically set down like here's, how you be like a legitimate dentist, seventeen, fifty style and a lot of his his observations were so there were just accurate that there still hold hold true today, although I've seen as his work is being described as primitive, but he was that's what pioneers do they? They produce

primitive work? What about green black? Was he basically in the same boat? I didn't see a lot about him. I didn't do a lot of research and green black. I just saw that both of them tend to be tied together as ready. These kind of split that that that name is the father of others so much more for shard. Should we take a break now, sir? I will take it Can we talk about anesthetics and toothbrushes, toothpaste, although good That's after this yeah, everyone, the holidays or upon us in the good people at loo. Lemon have just the thing you need to get all of your holiday shopping. Now they have some brand new stuff for the holidays. That's gonna make your holiday shopping. Nice

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part of the migrants outta network, so now truck, we finally reached the point where dentistry doesn't have to be the worst thing that ever happened to you in your entire life then? Why is it the worst thing that happens to me, because you are failing to imagine how bad it could be? I gotcha we like we had thank our lucky stars that we were born into an era where there's thing is an anesthetics yeah I mean they did their best back in the day like we mentioned earlier, they were using plants, theorizing night shades, the raising of has she she can whatever to get their hands on to make people feel little better. While you're doing this horrific stuff party at the Dennis Office,

You would use that still the best part of when I get my implants. You know that, like twelve seconds of bliss of what do you get, do they give you nitrous twilight, sleep ok while its net it's that far yet- and I want you with that- you get the ivy about eight seconds of you know the best part of your weak right. And then you wake up in your mouth is also like when you, when you're counting backwards, you like a man, they know, I'm totally, I wasted, I know and they're making fun of me so Sleep sponges was another thing they use, they would soak sponges and him again opium mandrake, whatever they had dried out in the sun and then was just going to dare at your disposal and when you want to use it, you would just activate it by dipping it in some water put under their nose rules and there you go goodbye goodnight,

also did notice an apparently alot of people, don't I saw it mentioned here there, but nobody seemed to have much detail about it, but either we take squarely place in the nineteenth century. far as Anna Sex go without usually known to humans from the twelve hundreds. I did not like the others, an alchemist name, Raymond Lois or Ramon Lily. He was spanish, but he was an alchemist and he somehow stumbled onto aether. I could not get the details, but he saw that like. Oh, this is really good at it pain killing because it's sweet vitriol, but apparently it was just lost. The knowledge was lost to history for about five six hundred years, which is that's an example of why the middle ages or shouldn't be called the dark ages or the middle ages like. That was a discovery. It's just that at I'm a rebate was too stupid to spread that information. I guess right and then finally, in the seventeen Seventys, we can

on one of the greatest discoveries, nitrous oxide, which is so good. We did a whole episode on it, media so we don't really need to go over all this again, but things I don't even know. If we mention back then exists, a feeling Remember this! at one of the young scientists early on who is practising with it name, Humphrey Davy would put it in a sack to half and he called them paradise bags. What a great name! I think I remember saying that well there were you know the long and short of nitrogen. Is it sort of came and went over the years with various success? demonstrations in front of big groups of doctors and Denis some, not so successful in front of big group here and kind of ebb and flow in popularity is a result. Yeah

where's wells famously botched demonstration that set nitric oxide back a good twenty years, basically near, but a couple years after that, one of his students, a w e g Morton, said Harry Buddy. You thought nitric oxide was somethin check out ether in he introduced ether it through a demonstration and showed how somebody could have a tumor removed without even batting an eyelash in everybody's, like ok, this ethers, pretty good, so either either soaked

acts were a m for a very long time and Anna Static used in surgery, but also dentistry, too, and then laughing gas kind of them came back about like twenty years after wells is botched demonstration. So by the late nineteenth century, the mid late nineteenth century, we had two very powerful anaesthetic said just completely change the course of dentistry and, I think, allowed people to start being like. Ok, I out I'm willing to start like actually going to see a dentist now if they ve got this stuff to offer right into they said you know, would be even better if we gave them cocaine here and those it, is an american name Way, Stuart Hall. Who was the first person? I guess you know they noticed hey when we're when we're taking this step- and we put it in her mouth, it makes our mouth numb zombie, We can use it for dentistry right. Yeah

doing they already this in the bathroom. That's right may, like I've gotta get such a boy they inject it. He was the first one to injected into the patient's gum and jobs for pain relief, and so that you know following that for further alot of cocaine based to think remedies Obviously you know cookin had the dark side, so they replaced it with new, cocaine or Novo gain, and there, you know, not addictive pain relievers, but for a while their cook. It was certainly used and industry, yet apparently Halsted said that he lost three assistance to cocaine, addiction and Dave puts like they actually died, and I was just thinking like Just imagine Hallstatt like hearing like a thump in the other room and is being like had another one just imagine like losing three of your assistant TED overdose deaths from cocaine, shooting up,

cocaine and end like you, just try your dentistry practice and then he thought many convertible and drove him over to extort his house in it all worked out young man, we pop culture fly in all over the place today to an hour toothbrushes into space sort of a little more in earnest in the day. You know we can. I talked about the ancient stuff that they would use his tree, twigs and stuff like that, going to filter What about your? They? They would use class. I think the queen of England he's cloth in toothpicks. until the mid nineteenth century, basically any kind of manufacturing. So can I didn't make it affordable to even make regular toothbrushes those cloth and sponge and princes and stuff like that but I think they eventually worked out the tooth brush and they needed something to put on the tooth brush, at which point they said about just some really

strong. grubbing. What's the word I'm looking for apples scrubbing most now like, what's the power like a brace of powder and they used a flight crush, whirl and pumice, but that would ruin your teeth after a few weeks earlier, really quickly and so toothpaste came along and it still followed that same. Learn, who were apparently the earliest incarnations of Pepsi hadn't, had something was that it was an abrasive that you could actually cut glass with and there another one. Another toothpaste called tartar off that had hydrochloric acid in it charter For sure I mean it would make your teeth white for sure, but then he would eventually where him down and nubs and like a few months, you know yet I think it took a wild find the right balance between protecting,

the teeth and cleaning the tea the right name time yet, and I mean there's still a braces in your toothpaste today, they ve got a lot better at getting at just the right amount, so that yeah doesn't where your enamel down to baking, soda and stuff like that right, yeah maroon across something on it. The SBA website that in in America, toothpaste and brushing your teeth and general did not become widespread. It wasn't like the norm until There were two because American G eyes returned from Europe. Saying hey it's crazy. Everybody over in Europe has like actually like nice breath, and this is how they do it and that's when it really took off from what I really am very cool. Yet is It is cool and away, but also like, while in another way like these are my grandparents were talking about. The greatest generation, that's right. It is generally we can dispel the myth that George Washington had wooden teeth. He had tariff

teeth and he had a really bad time with his teeth. I feel bad. So he did have fake teeth, but they were, I think the bases were made ivory, instant tusk and stuff like that right, but the human, the teeth are actually human tea. They were We talked about grave robbing in the the live episode that we did. They would grave robber teeth, good teeth, they would people poor people that had decent teeth would sell their tea for money, they actually documented that he paid his slaves for teeth, which, on the one hand you like AL, it's pretty golly, actually paid his slaves rather than said, go bring me some of my slaves teeth, but at the same time I was reading about their like it. It doesn't matter really what he paid him unless it was just some. I popping amount it still like

It's an inherently joys inequitable yeah transaction, but I do feel bad for George Washington in that he he apparently kind of suffered with his teeth like there's nobody, especially in America, whose teeth of ever been talked about written about more than George Washington. I'm second place, you are close, I get, but he's definitely the fur. First place when are you having, and he apparently what one of the reasons why he wore dentures and like kind of suffered through this and in in insisted on wearing them all the time was because his he was the face of this new nation. He was the first president right and at the time it was, it was his vitality, his health. His strength was basically the same as the nations health

strength and so for him to show any kind of weakness or problem or disease, or anything like that would make people wonder like out. Is that also mean that this new american experiment is also disease and problem array, albums and yellow and away like he really kind of carried this burden for the country for the image of the country, but yeah his teeth her. He had like no teeth by the time used, for you and they all fell out and they started following out when he was in in his early twenties, immature foreign. I'm talking to you because those like we ve seen his teeth. I thought we'd both actually thought that maybe we saw at the M the Memorial Messiah Temple and an old town Alexandria by I don't think they're there. So we think we saw Mount Vernon because supposedly that's where they are, but both of us remember seeing them at that Masonic Temple,

I've been to Mount Vernon a couple of times. I remember seeing his teeth, so I wonder if we did see his teeth at the Masonic Temple and they moved and Mount Vernon, and now I'm looking on the internet like another at Mount Vernon Silly, maybe use a museum, insects Tippit they had George Washington's chattering, very sexy. So now we move on the X rays, which were discovered in eighteen. Ninety, five by german scientists. They started using those on the mouth pretty quickly, but of a thing. Popped up early on that and ended up being bad in that they didn't really know how to read X rays that well, at least probably everywhere verse, but at least around the mouth, and discovered these things a condition when they would take the teeth in the joy x rays, where they would fall. Pockets of infection under the gum line, which now we just no. I mean what I say: just pockets of infections. Pass mouthpiece, yeah,

call them focal infections and the problem. Is I mean it's a good thing that they spotted these, but they didn't would they were so they linked it to other stuff and other organs of the bodies right, sometimes the brain even and it became it. almost like a new version of blood, letting in that for one, If you had most anything going wrong with you sometimes, and they showed these these pockets on the x ray. They were just pull your teeth, we can get a kidney disorder. They would pull your teeth. First, yeah there's a I who is currently one of the leading proponents in practitioners of this focal infection hysteria. His name is Henry cotton. He worked at the New Jersey state lunatic. Asylum is what they call that a time between one thousand nine hundred and seven and one thousand nine hundred and thirty

and he p and his team pulled eleven thousand human teeth during that time, including his own teeth, his wife's teeth, his children's teeth, but mostly inmates of this asylum. The idea was that that infection had gone to your brain to you to pull the teeth. Around a trial. Affection did to cure your mental illness, and it just so happens Chuck that our good friend or dear friend, beloved friend, John Hodgman, play that man on the tv show the Nick I thought that was at his character, yeah, that guy who exist relay character, and I read- I came across a mention of it in Paste magazine so that Hodgman played Henry cotton quote with perfect off

and authority they think, is going to depend on the neck. But the idea that he was playing Henry caught in this guy, who was just pull him eleven thousand teeth from people over twenty three years to cure them mental illness, which is not, but it actually happened. You have the text him. Let him, though we were talking about as acting career. I I will I'm sure, he'll hear it. When this comes out. He listens to every episode them as someone who let him now and then we went out to kind of a guy who weirdly that being for the wrong reasons. The person who changed industry for the better in that he was not a good dentists and he was came along at a time when the eighty eight had just formed in aid in fifty nine they met at Niagara, falls For the eighty eight in eighteen, sixty six, they said you can't use, you can

snake oil salesmen anymore. You can't have these advertisements and personally solicit business like we gotta, we get a kind of put ourselves up there with the dock, this guy's yeah and not do this stuff and a dude came along that defied all that so much so that they really started. sort of codify and put that seven, the rearview mirror, while they were trying to figure out a differentiate themselves from just people who pulled teeth for a living but didn't go to to dental school and it's hard to do that and they the of a way to do that is defined. Cape go in point out how terrible they are too, to use them as an example of how great you are right to make yourselves Likud and that's what they did with this guy EDGAR Randolph Painless Parker. Who was very much as oil salesmen charlatan. He was of the of the kind of identity that he actually did goaded dental school, but he

He was like I'm losing money to these. These tooth pullers he's tooth drawer. So I'm going to start advertising again and I think, while I'm at it I'll start making snake oil and all that stuff, but he was of the school where you would just like fill a tooth with her like like amalgams, a mercury or something like that, and you wouldn't get rid of any the decay. Well, you in your face still write off regardless. But yes, your dental visit was painless because they didn't they didn't scrape out any of the cavity to start that there are competing against the use, this guy to basically say all this stuff. This guy is doing this guy right here. That's not dentistry. Come over here, what we're doing his actual dentistry and going to help you yeah and he like, like you, said he went to dental school. He went to the Philadelphia Dental College, apparently he'd literally did not pass like he would not have earned it agree. had he not gone and begged the dean

let him through, and I guess he sounds like a sort of a squeaky, we'll kind and I think They just wanted to be rid of him. So they said fine, here's your degree, and so that's went to Canada and sat in an empty office, because you- he wasn't losing my patients were coming and leaving. He didn't have any patients to begin with. I earlier and so yeah he started the snake or thing, and he literally went back in time the gun glittered like a dental drawer, and had these big sort of tooth pulling events and parties the ban, just like they were in the Haiti in their early eighteenth century, same same exact thing, unbelievable also supposedly wore a necklace of three hundred and fifty seven extracted teeth that he supposedly pulled. all in one day, which is not made for good life, shall I will save it

nothing. So this is all the makings of a great live here or there is a whole thing. I agreed there's a whole thing that we didn't even get to talk about called the amalgam wars, which I think we're gonna do a short stuff on, as it was pretty interesting to Kay em up, I'm upward. So that's if, for now for the history of to treat. This may be an ongoing think who knows- and since I said this may be an ongoing thing. Who knows it's time, of course, for listener? Male called this a missed opportunity for a pavement reference. So, yes, I did you see this others from Alan Coleman and is about the Salem witch trials, and I can't believe I walked right past this cuz. This is one of my favorite payment. Songs he's at a guys, love the podcast. I'm not one those chairs being able to send in a correction. So this is one of those listen to save on which grow trials and notice an unexpected emission being a big pavement and silver juice Van.

the majority of my life enjoy hearing your references occasionally? So I saw the title, and I knew that you have mentioned the payments on give it a day which is about increasing cotton. Mather good work, stay alert for this possible references and read the first versa that song his the song and it never really occurred to me. That's why didn't get the rest the episode, but it it's kind of the most payment of all payments on. He sounds like it, increase mother told her dad by the way he says her dead, I roundly disagree with you, your vocals styles to preachy and the Yokels mock your teaching, but cotton, was just so oblivious to all their cutting. Please soon the townsfolk took to it in every. They looked at him for guidance, dislike eyeless lambs awaiting that old kebab stand. The sceptics formed the nations born, They want a habit, cartons dream, but increase had mounted and they

and on open fires. So the word spread just like smallpox in the Sudan and the gentry cried every day give it a day give it a day. That sounds pretty payment. You're right. even when you listen to it. It's like it's like Steve, mountainous areas, most word, smithy working all those words in there, some were out marine, and on that I think that was firmly p. If I'm not mistaken, it was an honour. Irregular obi definitely not heard that one, but thanks to Alan COM, and for that I was right that way the load of hardness individualistic. They go Well, if you again to others like Alan did or if you want say hi in your body stand of its chuck always likes hearing from you. Bob please write in you can get in touch this, be a email Duff podcast heart radio Doc stuffy should now is the production of Iheart radio from our past.

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