Hey it's Michael. For the rest of the week were revisiting people. We met in the early weeks at a pandemic, listening back and during what's happened to them Our original conversations first ran today doctor be honoured to Marco of Bergamo, ITALY? It's Tuesday July fourteen. Can you see me now? I think can I see you, but I can. I can hear you and I think I can hear you proof, I can see you ok, sorry for my English. I dunno you. My English will be adequate for about gas, but then you will, you will decide. Ok, it's it's a its exceptional and I'm really grateful that you're making time for us. Thank you thank you So we're. Where are you right now. You now, I'm at all. After three weeks today,

then. Why him at all, because I am a big fan- with us three children, and there I decided come back at all my one day, so you have not. Home in three weeks. Three weeks, yes, I've been in my asked without every day the start of the crisis fry dated twenty first offer February, and the scene when I was a mess, like a more. From the New York Times. Unlike Albemarle this, is the daily. This is how ITALY's cases of grain off the last month, slowly at first but now more rapidly. It's a textbook epidemic curve, ITALY, has quickly become the new epicenter of the pandemic, with newly thirty thousand infections, and more than two thousand deaths number

that are soaring by the day, even asked The government there extreme measures to lock down much of the country incorrect. We are at a critical inflection point in this country. Online the? U S, surgeon general warned that the United States is now on a strikingly similar people. We are where ITALY was showing to go in terms of our numbers and we have a choice to make the nation do we want to go that erection of South Korea and really be aggressive and lower or rates, or do we when you go, the direction of ITALY today, a conversation with a doctor in Bergamo, north of MILAN, one of ITALY's hardest hit areas. It's Tuesday March. Seventeen,

Can I just ask you to say your full name for me. Ok my fidelity, Marco, I'm a professor of the University of MILAN and yet of the respiratory you need of them hospital up at your mind, even too crazy, more of american law, which is a town close to Miller,. Can you give me a sense and maybe paint the picture of what, like in the hospital right now. What you're dealing with Now I my war that has been totally transformed, nothing either as before I've been in my hospital everything all day and fourteen hours or fifteen hours a day well to try to deal with the outbreak of current of ours, back some, what what has been the story of what has happened in your house? but all these past few weeks, because any people in the United States are dead to understand what you have seen and what

will have said to you and what it is look like you described. It is now So we want to understand what you mean. Ok Every day we receiver on our aged between fifty to seventy patient with there is severe respiratory fail. Or do you corona viral infection? Everything day and that the two described my reality, my hospital is placing european youth orspital with one thousand beds, but to receive every day between fifty and seventy patient with severe pneumonia. Do too, no virus, it's impossible. You have to change your organization day by day, and tell me what you mean. What how do you have change your organization to deal with. Were in such severe respiratory condition. So we came.

The normal war than merely surgery words, because the activity of surgery as being married. You set off at least eighty percent and we trust format so far. Five words of surgery for patient with coroner buyers. Now we have between the five wars and the emergency room, at least three hundred and fifty patients. We, the European Authority, failure due to coroner viral infection. While today is the first day in which we have more than fifty percent of the hospital dedicated to corona buyers. Patients to organise these, we had to teach cardiologist dermatologists around mythology spit out of.

I think very different from my airspeed authority failure out to treat this patient. You try to find a solution, but day by day he is no longer enough. So I can tell you that my colleagues bores physician and nurses- they cry every day. Well, my forty seven I'm not so sure that to be the end of a war that listen, ITALY, but with me. Twenty colleagues, the wires be authority physician, we them many fellow the yard many salmon, the thirteen so for me is a huge responsibility and I was scared. They can be thick. Ok, But do we cry everyday and

now. We have today for for foreigners Dixie nurse at all, because they are sick and I guess is a very useful you have four hundred and sixty nurses war in but in the middle of this crisis war home because their sick, yet today this is their there that the outcome of today and is that, because they are sick with the corona powers that are some of our sicker, some we ve got out borne out for this situation, Other war contact of patients, so they stay in quarantine, it it'll Doctor you said you are upset that you may be even cry every day and I wonder if there is an experience one story or one patient

had made. You upset the main problem for us to treat the our colleagues as doctor. We are used to prepare them for, as is normal, there is not so emotional, luckily, because we are used to treat the other people, but this is difficult when the decision is a your colleagues, and we have now admitted. Tat some colleagues or nurse people war. You will meet every day in your life. Your colleagues are now your patience because they have contracted the virus. Absolutely, for example, the yesterday the Chief my department come today measure room to be with a low level of his nation. He has a bilateral

the pneumonia due to a corner virus, wound sorry not very severe but you're the one who try to organise the hospital to deal with this infection three days and we went to have dinner with my wife- his wife for one week ago. Well, you will, I do not believe we are scared because of I d only in my own better, we had twenty Beth twenty death yet for coroner virus. You one day, that's extraordinary yet the to another.

I think that we have not had the opportunity to allow the relative to come to their spit out for two reasons. First, there is a danger for them and for other people of ITALY, because in eighty percent of the cases they are infected. The second reason, which is not easy to understand if you are not in this situation, is that we do not have enough personal protective equipment. They mass in case of infection tossing took over there who was there and the gown is impossible to find that these are now Europe, not only in ITALY, so you're running out of those and you can't get them anywhere,

in the region or anywhere in Europe. You just can't get them impossible to find. Well, if I allow one or two relative to come to the aspect of, I have to give them desert, but with another this for us, when you need them for doctors yeah, they cannot receive the relative enough better so that patients are alone and they die alone. We, it is difficult for us. We try to call every day the relative, but I have to tell you that, sometimes in the confusion of these new organization, with their mythology always try to create a patient with european tourist failure,

and probably the doctors cry and there no one, I remember called the relative. So it's happen that the relative called at the hospital in the persons already dead. Yet alright yeah. America's biopharmaceutical companies have one very important thing in common: a common enemy they're, making great progress because collaborating in ways they ve never done before in a man

weeks they progressed from potential treatments for cover nineteen to Anna bodies and antivirals that have shown positive results to several promising vaccine candidates, get the latest updates Aids are made dot org slashed corona virus, because science is how we get back to normal doctor. You mentioned a lot of choices. That you and your staff have to make now that this is such a terrible situation and I wonder how you decisions about who gets which treatment and who has the A chance to survive, how do you make those decisions? it is for us in crucial point because we're the hundreds of very thick patience, but we have the task of ice. You bet bright the problems there

you can find many scores of gravity, but this course of gravity have been thought for. Another reason: ok and when you say score grabbing, you you mean basically kind of a calculation of who is in greatest need. Absolute thought will afford us. If you are eighty, you abbot, beer respiratory failure. I don't know you ever saw Rina failure. I have to admit to you in there you, because you are receive here, and you have the possibility to die very high. Ok, I have to admit you guys you, but now we need that, another score. We cheese its core which El Paso to understand your probability to benefit of today you Ben, and we do not have this core ok good, because it has not been created. Absolutely we have we.

I tried to do these now because, for example, the agent for all this stage of severity higher is danger higher is this core, but when you have a few bad for many people, the age is absolutely the opposite. If you are five I give the bad to another. One visa. Forty five because forty five year old is more likely to benefit from the icy you bad than the eight year old piercing, all the normal rules have to be thrown out. The window absolutely

we need a new tool we do not have because so far, that is the difference between the number of patient number or bad is something totally new for us came and not only for us all. The county we'll have to deal with is but is difficult to tell people that if you are eighty, you will never have the ice. You bad of course, but so far, if you have not yet, but we need to build that. You asked me to help with the one thousand bad. Such as in China. We need these terrible too, because it is a tool of selection right of who lives and who dies yeah This is why it's important, if you do not reduce the number of patients who are seeker, it's impossible to deal with this issue is impossible. You have to reduce their aid,

of the facts and the only way they their aid of infection is to change thoughtfully, the life of people now in ITALY. Everyone is this. Is it the tragedy for economy? No one is war, no one is working, but it's it's the only way. That is not something in ITALY. Sounds like you're saying that once you are in a hospital as adopt looking at a room full of people with his virus overwhelmed. It's to me that that the role of countries who are not yet at the place. Italy. His end is too make sure they don't ever get to that place. Don't ever get to the point that your hospital is out do whatever it takes to not get their absolutely. You have two choices

side, though not clause old activities, closed the people inane their own annual asset thousand of that or you have to close all the activity. There is not a choice between. I know this is difficult to do it this approach, because also in it, if you speak with my colleague in another town, is quite difficult to understand these, because many people, including manifestation, have nodded perception of these because reality reality all is normal, is difficult to be cared for, something something you have not their perception. So I can understand that in other countries is the same, but trust trust us

for such as in Bergamo, each family we'll have a relative or a friend who the eyes This is the situation in Burma not a disease that you can ass our tv you, but you will have that they did section of these in your family, your relative, your town, is something very aggressive, bureaucratic. I wonder As a doctor, what advice you would give to doctors in the United States who may have to. Do what you have to do and make the kind of difficult decisions that you have to make now. I think that the best is the to to speak without to analyze. The situation of ITALY could be something important because we have to be prepared

This gives me the only. They only think I would just where my colleague, because also in ITALY, I have some calling in the other part of ITALY were not prepared, and I speak with them. They are doing the same thing we did so ago. Is this incredible that this new reality we are leaving? It started the twenty third of February forty three years, go ok, three weeks ago, after three weeks, we are living in another dimension, for me is difficult to fit to my life before these no one can be prepared for this. Possible. I wonder just just have a final question yuri at the begin: our conversation, you you said you were finally home after three weeks and I

know what it was like tat to come home to your family. What are you? What are you telling them? and how are you feeling my children are at Thelma now for three weeks they take their schools caused likely there three felt so they bade against together are, but we try to. A normal situation at all manner of four. For me difficult because evidently I have a risk of infection which is higher than compared to other able, so I had to decide what to do at all if they with Moscow so and, besides, I decide to say, Norma without the mask. Sounds like this was a tough decision, Because I have to try to find a solution between map to protect the best there

my my wife, why do not scare do not my my my children again. The only good news is that children and young boy or girl are not affected. This is that the only hopefully some for us and decide that right I changed my approach to my children. Ok, I pay to my hands. I pay attention to the Mai. Taiwan, ok, but I decided to not aware masker caused it'll, be difficult for them to see. The father was SB authorities funding back, I'm always with those in ok of cases. Handled of that so also for these is easy. Really difficult to decide What is the best and that I spoke

my wife, when we decide to Dorothy's, it sounds like on top of all that all the difficult decisions you ve had to make. You had to go home and make one more difficult decision, which was this mask yet absolutely not I really want to thank you so much for giving us your time, and I want to wish you the best of luck you and all your colleagues, doctors and nurses at the hospital. We're gonna be thinking about you a lot in the coming days. Thank you. It has been a privilege, I hope, indeed to be. B2B user be useful for fora for some of my colleagues and the four for you the crime This in Bergamo has begun to subside last week doc. Frida Marcos, hospital discharged

its last I see you patient was Viewer symptoms of covert nineteen, it was the first time that unit had no cases in a hundred and thirty, seven days the staff there are marked the milestone, by observing a moment of silence for the hundred. Of patients who have died from the virus, follow by a round of applause for those who had recovered from it, Doktor to Marco says: he's encouraged by the regions progress, but on guard for us, second wave of infections a few weeks ago, in recognition of his work, ITALY's press, and awarded doktor to Marco the prestige, title. Cavalier making here, a night of Italian Republic,

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This continues to be a deadly disease is continued on Monday. As infection sword California announced a sweeping war back of its plans to reopen saying it. Close indoor operations for restaurants, wineries, repeaters answers and shut. Bars entirely. One thing think is incredibly important to remind all of you is that this, It is not going away any time soon. At the same time too, the states largest public school districts, LOS Angeles and San Diego said they abandoned plans to reopen person classes in the fall, A new study has found estimated five point: four million Americans laws. Their health insurance in February and met because of late?

during the pandemic, o record figure. We have of the insurance lost occurred in just five states, Texas Florida you walk North Carolina in for now That's the deal! I'm Michael Bob I'll see you tomorrow. Hi, I'm Kristen minds are, and I'm the co host of innovation uncovered a new podcast. The world is changing in real time, often in ways we don't notice and can't predict innovation.

And covered explores the breakthroughs that our driving our culture now from how we play to what we consume to how we can act, learn more about the ideas that are reshaping. Our reality in extraordinary way is innovation uncovered is upon cast from invest, go cute, you too, and t brand at the New York Times. Listen today so distributors ink,