From New York Times. I'm Michael borrow. This yesterday For decades he broadcast mistrust and grievance the homes of tens of millions of Americans helping to create an entire ecosystem of right wing media and changing the course of conservatism itself. Today, my colleague Jim Mood and work on legacy of number. its Monday February. Twenty second Jim. I wonder if you can tell me about the first time that you met rush lumbar well, the funny story. Actually,

because it was early two thousand. I think I've been at any time for about two months and our media. You heard the time assigned me a story. What happened to that guy rush limbo, he was like a really big deal in the early nineties, and now we have this thing called the internet. We have cable, others, Fox NEWS that this kind of matter and I bureau kind and ably maybe dish so well. Let me call em and I call his produce certain who was Russia's right hand, man at the time and, as you know, I've got this assignment. Thinking get out. They'll probably shut me down your times as one of its targets downward to try to figure out the rest, a matter as it opened up

the kingdom of rush and I was asked how the euro not only would rush made me that how quickly could I get down to this, so I make my way to his studio. It's in the old W, a b c building right above Madison Square Garden at Lincoln, credibly, unglamorous, color, decrepit New York City office building member taking the old quantity elevator up to his studios in, and there was hush limbo in the middle of a show. When I get there, the opinions expressed on the Russian Bob Programme did not necessarily reflect those W Abc Radio or its management. And now his voice is booming from behind some glass

Finally, another gun was disclaimer. The views expressed by the whole of the little ought to become federal law and spatial and sponsors heartily endorse them, and when the show is over member rush come to his shakes my hand. He grabbed me for being a Times guy, and then he takes me. It is office and he perceives for a few hours to just be rate me because asking if Russia Limbaugh mattered, here. To gather must like asking the sun if it can cause daylight on earth, have had a rush reminds me that you know he's so big and great that now he's taken for granted his critical part of the landscape of Amerika. It tells me day don't talk about pikes peak every day. They don't talk about Mount Rushmore every day, but it's there,

bad impact have one point. He tells me that his talent is on loan from God wound. But if you were, one of the hundreds of radio station subscribed to him, he was I'm from God, because he was your number one radios brushed Limbaugh, where the New York Times editor of the moment may not be aware of this. He was still grabbing an audience of twenty million people a week huge notice, huge numbers cute, and not only that if you were a republican office holder or aspiring office holder he was our mind from God, because he was going to deliver. You took office, There was no bigger per cent. Only in radio, but actually still at that moment in republican politics than Ruslan BAR So how did rush level

come to be this force that you just described well, brushed limbo, grows up in a small town in Missouri COP, eight Gerardo and he's from a family of conservative Republicans and interestingly, one of his family investments is in a radio station and rush lumbar, even in high school starts working at that registration is a thing about Ruslan buys he is born. Radio broadcasts are, in fact, as a child. He had a little toy radioset and he would do his own radio broadcasts, whether a sports play by plays or records, and he once be a rock and roll dj. He he gets a job is first big job is near Pittsburgh and he becomes Jeff Christy

more work, wedding, Iraq, em all where the keys are showing a talent for kind of playing with the format of you No one will want to warn- I am one of the oldest and people are noticing and he's like making jokes about the horrible traffic in making fun of the managers a formula. They want to propose that we gotta make fun of the formula as he's going through the formula. Did you hear the phrase that was and because of our record, a regular Bamako libraries while people- maybe I can say that this day this shows that he is willing to take risks and

create a new way to radio, but he's also turning some people off and in fact he gets fired and it's one of his great humiliations that then in his early twenty she's gotta sort, I went back and move back aim with mom and dad, and it's a very interesting time because he is coming home right when Watergate, as happened ha and Richard Nixon has been ejected from office and on the coast at among Democrats. This is a great victory of truth and journalism, but in Cape Gerardo, it is an abomination, rushed limbers grandfather, act,

rights a bed in the local paper. Arguing against impeachment like what a horrible waste of time and we have damaging to the country to bother with impeachment it's. This need coastal establishment running one of their own out of office, and we have no say in this, so resignation comes along and Nixon's forced out it's just not a good thing in Cape Gerardo and certainly not in limbo, land so for rush limbo and for his family Watergate is not the story of a republican president, Richard Nixon who has betrayed his country, but instead a liberal establishment and media world that has betrayed the country

exactly to what happens next. Well, after a brief stand for limber out of radio, he starts making his way back into radio and a seminal thing is happening. There is going to change not only here, career, but really american politics forever, and that is that Reagan. Administration is in the midst of making a change in radio regulation and television regulation. It's getting rid of something that was called the fairness doctrine, tell me what's up the Fairness doctrine was born in the late forties from there ocean that broadcast media is incredibly powerful. It has the power to eliminate the power to distort

so there need to be regulations that make sure that if someone is unfairly attacked, they can respond that, if a controversial view is aired that an opposing view is free to come on, counteracted its given equal time. So is often precluded any one view from dominating the kind of a gun the requirement that there be fairness in media, yes at it, and it was such a bedrock principle and american broadcasts since its inception. But the Reagan

restoration decides, it wants to do away with it, and why would it do that? Because, in the view of conservatives by now the fairness doctrine is really only serving to quiet there side that the press is inherently liberal, it might be subtle, but it means it. Strident conservative voices are kept off the air and they have no counter to this left, leaning press, as they view and by nineteen eighty seven, the baroness doctor in its history and now Russia Limbaugh, is in place

at a radio station in Sacramento, where he's, finally, as he sees it and he's right, free to death, let loose and he's finding that there is this incredible pent up demand for conservative talk, it doesn't have to counterbalance you, don't have to pay attention to the other side. It doesn't have to respect the other side. It doesn't need an answer from the other side. It is pure conservative talk and it is like the realisation of a decades old conservative dream What does this brand new style of talking actually sound like what is Limburg doing well, one thing that you have to understand before anything else with Russia. Is love, homer load him. Whatever you think of the content, he is

one of the most gifted broadcasters in american history. He had this incredible ability to fill the air. He just understood radio he developed his voice. The boys alone, The way it spoke to you, he just was borned its medium and nobody quite had and has had since the same sense of timing rhythm and the innate understanding of what his audience? What's nobody rabies, we rush Limbaugh serving humanity simply by showing up nineteen smuggled. That's the baseline discount long from God, as he puts it, our guiding light for times of trouble, confusion, Martinez and despair, rush, wimble, a man whom thousands of women hope and pray their daughters will marry. But ten, on top of that, he left in this formula. These elements of the rush, limber style of radio things around

the rush, Limbaugh programme, otherwise known as the little boy institute or advance conservative lobbies doktor of democracy. First, as elements is, if it's kind of trying to term politics in two entertainment, but doing it in this really edgy and in some cases gotta means pirated way. The only way liberals when national elections is by pretending, they're, not liberal women, should not be allowed on juries, where the accused is stuck fine the latest case of homeless starvation. Evidence refutes liberalism if the spotted owl cannot adapt to our superior evolution. Isn't that nature but he's playing off of another trend and radio at the time and that's the rise. The shock jocks there, a new breed of radio, talker, Howard, Stern and

I mention these guys are really pushing the limits and trying to shock the audience and they're getting a lot of attention and Limbaugh taking this same approach, but he's putting it in this purely political culture, more contacts and now without the fairness doctrine, he can go as far as he once and he goes far. There is One thing you did, it was called safe talk and he would put a condom over the microphone to supposedly be protecting the and from profanity, because at the time there was this argument that liberals, up on getting condoms into schools and were obsessed with condoms. Then it could get in like some really like super tasteless areas. So he would do this thing in the middle of that really intense abortion wars, did they think I'll collar abortions, and that was when a collar

was annoying ham. He wanted to get rid of the collar, he would declared a collar abortion and the engineer would play a tape of a roaring vacuum, cleaner, followed by a prolonged scream, and that was an abortion and it gets worse. He did something for a time. He called at that AIDS update, and that's when he would read the latest grim news from the AIDS epidemic and he would market with like us like a deal more weeks, all I'll, never loved this way again or Jean arteries back in the saddle. Again, young people were dying indiscriminately. This is horrible moment, and in fact that's one of the few things in his entire career that he later apologized for he is. Bringing a deeply caustic

mean spirited at times cool version of shock, jock, radio, too conservative politics and his targets are liberals, Democrats and their perceived values. Yeah and, let's not forget people of color, women. Many of you know, beginning on June, twenty fifth on the show and Mine action programme as well. All women who call it in order to get on, the air must have a photo on file with the show. Now many of again, for this is a sexist and tasteless thing to do, but, as is the case with everything that I do now point and in the meantime, is developing its own lingo on cold words, don't break through branded terms, and one of the big ones is feminine ceasefire and our holiday gift catalogue is something that is all

Is expanding our latest item for this year the Eu Ip bit work, helps you enjoy an old fashioned politically correct Christmas order, your special someone, a gift from our pc catalogue, featuring the proof dull for little girls who want to grow up to be flag waving. Men haters its new femininity, lobby door, just pull the string and she gets in your face without pose the muddy expressions advocate. Feminine cheese is awaited. Us in one fell swoop, wipeout and diminish the whole feminist movement. Feminism was established so as to allow unattractive women easier access to the main stream of society.

At that moment, for instance, where women are gaining stature in the workplace. If women or a man away from poverty than you could say that a man has a double those he's gotta work and support the woman, and then, if she leaves you gets half of what he has. Such double duty to culture is changing and Russia's finding a way to fight that for his audience. In these very attention grabbing evocative terms? Weakness is a special edition of the rush Limbo Programme America held hostage and, of course, there is no bigger target and as early limbo years, then Clinton's. As you know, my friends we count the day is utterly wrong. Deal legible,

call the Clinton administration, it's also a hostage crisis, and just as my line was there every day for all of us during the iranian hostage crisis, social I'll, be here each day during this a raw deal today is day three hundred and ninety four, and specifically Norman Hillary Clinton man. So she goes out and try snow slaughtered angelic. Do she can't pull it off? You hadn't done some genuine but when she is genuine, she sounds like they squeaking ex wife. She was a number one cannot see according to lemme, like my favorite neighbours nurse ratchet I mean we created this whole concept of the testicle locked box in in connection with which the business climate, she has the kind of appeal to people she's, just like, like nothing. You have

really heard on radio before aspects again and we're talking about the first lady of the United States, and if it was a black politician, he would do racists impersonation if it was chinese, critic. He would do anti asian impersonations. She did go in the mud, racist, xenophobic places and he just revelled in the blow back that got four because, Michael in his mind, and also in in the thinking of his supporters, the people were complaining, are the very people who they view as sort of marginalizing man and pushing them out of american mix, but there another element to what he's doing, and that's very important, Michael, that the mainstream press is complete Lee lying to you that defines the dominant media culture. Today they are the ones that think that people are incapable of learning they're the ones you think people are too stupid

your stand and grasped the details of the great issues of the day that I am the only one who could trust, in fact, if there was ever a program that inspires independent thought, it is this one and in fact, in his ninety ninety two book, the way things ought to be it with cod, numerous acute sensation he delivers. What he says is a message to the quantum quote: dominant major media, I'm coming for you and now that Limbaugh dispatch with the notion that the means. Impressive, telling you the truth. It's a plant, their version of reality with his own conservative version of reality, often embracing the craziest conspiracies and giving them now a platform going out to millions and millions of people which has never happened to that point in american history, for instance, he's an early proponent at exponent of this.

Dear, that was kicking round early in the Clinton year set a top aid to Hillary Clinton who committed suicide had in fact been killed, and that's the beginning of this conspiracy about the Clinton's as like these political asylum, Since then, we should say that was debunked. That was debunked. It was all debunked by. Didn't matter, he would just keep embracing it, and this would go on throughout his career in the Birth certificate business- I'm I'm just wondering if, if something's up I have, he was an early proponents, well decide they did Barack Obama was not born in the United States because we have a president of the american people. Dont know what I was born in Kenya or someplace else. It represented, which was not Truman, so you would listen to him and you find any given day of the week five things that you're gonna. If you knew the truth, we'd be out you'd be yelling at the radio because it just wasn't true but you'd, say the most convincing way

and then the denials from people like us said the time saying. That's not true, adjust again in all would reinforce why Russia's right, you can't trust them. This is quite an egos, damn that you're describing in that Limbaugh has created when you pull all these elements together, a world in which we're grants are evil, doers, the media, their evil allies can be trusted, and these bogus theories of the evil doing Democrats are they. Media are true. And this is all delivered in this kind of compelling some times entertaining next store labour, a kind of way that reaches

millions of Americans in their homes and in their cars in their offices, Michael Taps, into this huge audience. The people that mixing surfer to its asylum majority that had been waiting for someone Like Limburg to reinforce these same notions that they hold about the Democrats. In this, these establishment forces it daisy, is aligned against them good morning, your excellent, our use of biological. What's what's on your mind, I love your. Shall I listen to you and you come up with something real funny and help make my baby think nothing. Polio raided funny- and I love you- shall I really gland joint. I regard, and I mean this in all sincerity. I regard speaking to you in much the same sense as if I were speaking to a person of the calibre of Daniel Webster or Alexander Hamilton, and I mean this genuinely and frankly relate. Thank you Michael very much. I regret I just wanted to tell you about a little club that has formed down here and will we can all you're alive. It's called liberals in agreement with Russia or

or a liar as we like to call it for short, and this has incredible power not only with his audience, but also with the Republican Party that is now living in a world of rush Limbaugh's making, and that is going to have incredible ramification both for them and for the political world. At large I'll, be right. Back Verizon designed five g to make the things we do every day better. With the coverage of five g nationwide, millions of people can now work, listen and stream and Verizon five g quality and in parts of many cities, Verizon has alter white band the fastest five g in the world,

This is the five g that's built for you. This is five g built right. Only from Verizon five g alter wide available only in parts of select cities, fifteen nation wide available in twenty seven hundred plus cities and towns, global clean an open single independent analysis suggests. How does Muslim bought interact with the Republican Party and its leadership as his star keeps growing and growing, and his reach keeps widening and widening? Well he's got such an ego that his starting position is. You have come to me, I'm the future. You come to me and the smart ones did her back in the early nineties. There's a rising new force in the House of Representatives on the republican side, and that is a house member named Newt, Gingrich and New is

but a fashioning himself in limbo mode. Where he's burying your face. Take their prisoners kind of politician bringing a whole new aggressive tone to republican politics in Congress and he basically gets into league with Limbaugh so that their working in tandem against the Clinton agenda but, most importantly, they come together to build a new political movement that will sweep Republicans into the House of Representatives and take control away from the Democrats, and that is a gigantic wave action for their publicans and ninety. Ninety four, at a completely abandon the Clinton presidency by friends, is a great pleasure to introduce brush limber and new finalizes.

So the limb by innovation of the house cockers by inviting member to address the new troops as they're coming to Washington. One of the questions I was ass closely ass, the reporters were peppering me was: do you think Newt Willa moderators stance That is the spirit. Ass, nice. It better not an act that orientation all these freshmen lawmakers gathered here. Limbaugh give them effectively,

marching orders for how they need to import themselves in the house and it's a completely new set of directions. If you stay Rock Ribbed voted in almost a militant way to your principles, you will continue to be sent back here and to its limit huge shift from the way Republican sit business because he tells them don't fall into the trap of working with the other side. Basically, he says and right now the things that you care about most and the things that you ve been sent here to do are being called a war on the poor and those designed to get you to moderate, maybe not follow through, as you have intended to on welfare reform and other cultural issues, because what that was there in sync will be to moderate, and they absolutely should not do that. The idiot

It is not the time to get moderate. This is not the time to start trying to be light. This is not the time to start gaining the approval of the people have just completed, so limber is now literally directing House republican freshman. In a speech, blessed by their incoming speaker, New Gingrich, just They embark on their careers on the kind of Republicans the. Need to be, and that is limber. Ask Republicans, and it animates the party for decades to come- it's it's basically say goodbye to the old GEO pay. This is a new era, and that brings us two Donald Trump and Jim earlier, and our conversation as you ticked through the rush slim bar formula for success in radio

fell to me, like you're reciting, the Donald Trump Formula for success in politics, right politics as entertainment, dont tromp was a reality tv star, treating your opponent, as an existential threat to be to humanize at an eyelid, dont Trump chanted of Hillary Clinton, lock her up, you spoke of limbo, discrediting the press down Trump said to the press where the enemy of the people you talked about embracing conspiracy theories. I don't think I need to finish tat thought that's jotted down trumps identity, Michael, I don't see how you get down a trumpet president without Russia Member, I just don't. Rush has created the style of politician that Trump Become sits there in your face, smash melted, the dehumanizing of opponents, all as you laid out there there's also this media ecosystem. That's tailor made four trump and not wooden exists without rush brush limbo

was the inspiration for Fox NEWS. In fact, broader ales, who spear had a Fox news, was Russia's producer on a short live tv, show that rush created and was very close to Russia Brush, showed world that there was an audience for the conservative viewpoint. A conservative filter of the news and Fox NEWS takes that and turned into it. The most successful cable television network in the country and tromp then becomes one of that networks biggest stars right, Andy's gettings talked up by Rush Annie's in the rush mould, I mean Trump is a child of a product of the limber revolution here tonight is a special man and love tromp himself,

acknowledges as much during this incredible moment at the state of the union. Last February is that he is the greatest fighter in winter that you will ever made rush limbo. A few devotion to our trump points up to the balcony, where Russia is seated next to the first lady rush in recognition of all that you have done. For our nation, the millions of people a day that you speak too, and that you inspire and announces that he's stowing upon when by the highest tyres honour, a president can grant civilian honour, the presidential metal. Freedom, and, of course, by that point,

we have all come to understand. The limbo was basic, he's got stayed for lung cancer and, while his yo, showing up in doing his radio programme, he's underground treatments and its brutal, and in February this you're a year after that medal of honor. It was becoming clear that, like this really. Maybe the an end is near any: almost knowledge is that he has a newsletter for his subscribers I've. I am on the limbo letter and its cover, as God is with me, and it's kind of Thank you in an and I love you too his fads. I love you from the bottom up my sizeable growing and still beating heart, but he's starting to say, good, bye and sure enough on Wednesday of last week. It's not Russia's voice. That shows up on the air during his show it's that of his wife, Catherine, who announces

Russia has died and in what were you thinking when you heard the news that number had died, it. It immediately made me think of the arc of Limbaugh career when some big figures in american life power what they are kind of leads to state with them- and in this case, but I still by my own analysis. Was that what Russia's created, will never go away, that its living on and countless imitators and in our politics and in our media, the change he brought were inexorable and his passing will not affect that a stitch right kind of at all. He is immortalized because the politics the media that he gave

to America, outlives him. We will be living in limbers media universe for some time to come, Thank you very much Much for having me we'll be right back. Why is the best way to send, spend and receive money internationally, if you son, any abroad, think twice before you in your bank, thanks and their providers usually markup the exchange rate to make extra money with wise. You always give the real mid market exchange rate when you send money to eighty countries. Weiss all has a multi currency count the lets you hold and convert up to fifty four currencies. Joint ten million

customers and try wise for free at wise dot com, slash the daily. Here's. What else you need? Ten thirty roughly a year into the pandemic, the? U S, have taught from the corona virus is quickly approaching a once on imaginable milestone half. Million deaths more Americans have now perished from covered. Nineteen, then on the battlefield of world war. One world war, two and the Vietnam WAR combined as of this weekend about one in six hundred and seventy Americans have died from the virus and elsewhere. Sign that declaration wants is in front of me God willing and will bring a lotta relief to a lot of taxes, and so thank you also very much President Biden,

signed a declaration of major disaster in Texas, a measure that will allow the steam to access a wide range of federal assistance to recover from last week. Crippling when our storm, among other things, the declaration provides money to pay for temporary housing, home repairs, and ensured property damage Biden is acted to visit Texas later this week, today's episode was produced by your question, Eric Crop Gate and Stella ten. It was by LISA Chow and engineered by Chris. Would that's it for the daily

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