I tweet this Brian sweeter because we're early so while we're on the air tweet, because the beginning, the shit, no one's on anyone who is the first sponsor, why don't you talk about you you're? What your website want to plug desk? Why Don t they Brian? Ok, do us a desk. I don t. Really we do a bunch of Can we do with Kevin Pereira would deal with Anti Roma and we do with a bunch of people. We have different park. Ass comic book Park has Video game Park, as you can find a more that's why Don t we risk can be at the aliens next week with SAM Tripoli. Snotty show that's Thursday night and to get it in on that. You just get when the avian passes it that vinyl to night club. It's gonna be fine like people there we have live shows all the time we have almost every Friday here, the ice house we haven't, we have a new one, that's coming up and improv later this month on no rose and death squad, Don T lots of fun shows really funny comics. Always if you, if you see my death squads

for shorter funny and Don T shirts that you see everywhere in those death squad can t shirts. Those are also available on death squad. Diff got dot tv and I say that that gods Christ enough and so go there in sport and now also were brought you buy on doc com. That's! Oh Anne, and I t don't go to oh Anne. I t because it's a totally different, competent ways and at an ounce, like they d, like some banks or some shit like that, but what we saw. We saw manly shit, son, ok, kettlebells battle, ropes, extreme kettlebells, Caryoe, Dvds, hemp protein vitamins and supplements all essentially stuff that I use. If we find out, there's anything really cool out there. We try to sell it. That's that's. I think a good philosophy to have one of the newest

additions is the Blendtec blender someone you might have seen online blending iphones that you can literally can blend an Iphone with this thing. It's it's amazing, but it's fantastic. Four for shakes for protein shakes or kale shake or bulletproof coffee, Neil Degrasse Tyson's not know about the bulletproof. Coffee will have to educate him. It's very important stuff, but all that stuff is available. The added that the upgraded coffee Dave, aspirin stuff we found out about it. So we start area its awesome killer, be honey. Why killer behind? is it sounds cool to have only reason to have I'm sure it's no better than regular honey. In fact, it's probably Listen, regular, honey, but it sounds. Gangster is far too have killer, be honey in your house. So that's. Why haven't that's why we sell it and it's a company that is, is as ethical as is possible and still run a business is theirs and all the supplements there is a one hundred percent money back guarantee of the first thirty pills for ninety days after you buy it for ninety days

I'd, try, whether its alpha brain or whether it shrewd tech, you can read the science behind all this, all of it and on it, and if you have any questions about it, does this there's always someone who can answer questions about that on forms, but the most important thing is: if you don't villa works, you get your money back. You know you have to turn up Knowest run rip you off use acone, unbroken annual, save ten percent of anal supplements around that in an ideal Brian to the music, the job will gain experience with that. That would not be official. Neil Thyssen, Thank you very much for coming here. Man. This is an honor, does a blast. I think the universe can explode you're sure most requested podcast guest ever in the history of this pod castle bright- and I ve been doing this for three years and we have come full cycle with your parents here today. I have, I felt the magnet

force of your fan base pulling me. You show that wasn't what the minds we're talking about, show that wasn't, but a universe aligning. I was so happy when I saw you do this. I forget what the interview was, but some was talking about the alignment of the stars and galaxies first time and when you like? No, it happens all the time it happens. Every I told my friend Eddie, Bravo whose beautiful human being, but he loves himself, a conspiracy theory. He loves that when I told them I go to kneel Thyssen says it's bullshit because, like this we are probably bullshit. I dont want the authority of my academic pedigree to be what makes it bullshit right. I mean it's, it's I want it. I want to keep our arm people intellectually, so that they can then deduce that there's nothing to it. So when someone says planets are going to align and earth is going to die, I want to encourage them to ask how often do planets line

right and then you get the answer every year, so you know you have to do the calculation, what it's that shallow sort of interest in a subject? Where only allows you to regurgitate the really juicy shit you heard about. The planetary alignment is which is so dangerous because we're people when people are bullshit and which is mostly conversation we get into we don't get into serious academic discussions with people have actually done their homework is bullshit with a dude work is a guy fuckin plants or go on in this. I don't know, what's going to happen like well, why You could actually cubicle shaking your pants colonies. Other planets gonna fucking align some going to happen. I tweeted recently that if you're really successful it bullshitting, it means you don't hang around and of people who are smarter than you. That's a very good point. That's a very good point. You know, I think one of the cool things about you and your approach to Science is, I think, it's very refreshing that if someone doesn't know something you're

not condescending about it? You ve, Susie Ass, Dick about distributing the information, but you don't care in a judgment when you do that, and that is something that I think is free. A lot of people out about really intelligent people. Scientists or somebody talks about anything where they have. No experiences is a sort of a condescending sort of carrying that knowledge that you don't have you make a really important point, and I you know, there's the anti intellectual movement in society and- and I don't blame them entirely for feeling that way, because we all know people. I have many colleagues where you try to hang out with them and they make you feel bad for not known with Asia and that's what it that you'd. That's how you interact with people. Why would anyone want to be that its approach move, associating with shitty characters like they're like there fun to be around and unfortunately or sosius, something that's incredible like that of the actual measurement of the universe itself,

you're! So associating that with annoying You got it. The content for the deliver segregation I daily girl and she loved D and Doran. Ok when high school and you now after the break up, which always has a very high school, really should NOS eight and eighty very eighty yeah. I was actually thought Randal ram and render rents socks. I could not enjoy it he's Excise Societe with this young late, Now, if you re psychological stars, I myself I couldn't enjoy Hungary like the Wolf bad boy is all those classics. I remove them from the menu, because this one check, but that that that can happen with music that. You actually would enjoy or forget about like mathematics, right right, if that happens with with that, that can happen with giving up the ladder from their right her eye, you you're very important if you know how important like the coup,

Guy scientist is great kid, so they are very important. So I hope I have evidence of how important that is. I can't tell you how many emails I've got word like tweets. Are they say, peoples that there's a guy who's like seriously gate and his girlfriend is not interested in him and he says what he doesn't and shows her videos of me celebrating the universe and she says, was that? Would you do all they resurrect the relationship because she been sees the potential for a guy can do that's fascinating, while yet by any means necessary. Whatever tv I would ever take every takes to stimulate I'm happy to glue people back together. If that's what, if that's what it put matters we You are the very under the most important person when it came to the two thousand twelve movement is, I was so many knuckle heads I had a guy on the member Pinchbeck Osanna on something stifling happened. It's like he's, quoting all these reasons. Why things?

happened like people love them some end of the world. I mean that's how I was party and the person learned that I was an actual physicist and walked up to me and I hear this is like a year ago here in the rules can end in twenty twelve and an unexplained. Why not? He walked away Deject I say to myself what is through some people are happy when their sad yeah there's a thing. We're people are trying to uncover mysteries and it becomes more port and than the actual mysteries of the universe itself and the? U can do simple statistics on this. So, for example, the world has been here for like billions of years and you think it's gonna ended your lifetime. That's awfully hugh! Bristol of you to view, Pretty bold, and even if it does your worlds, gonna end. Eventually, anyway, I mean: do you really is

it's so silly to deliver fixate? So might that what I think the most effective encouragement? I gave people during the mayan Non catastrophe. What I said I, between now and December twentieth just convinced that your mayan catastrophe, people too nine over other assets into your neck, eaten. That's US to really create very simple. If they dont do it, they don't really believe what they're saying date openly that I know you guess: fabulously, wealthy they're, not gonna, give you that task, no one, but I'm sure some people did go nutty and set up shelters in the desert and go and brown and all that there's a lot of people that when nutty, while every eye, I did a little research on this about every ten years. Somebody comes up with an end of the world scenario and keep it

mine that ended the world scenarios. No one said the world's gonna end in a hundred and fifty years right right doesn't work as you can't get gain. Adherents, drier cult building, it's gotta be kind of immediate, but not far enough in the future, so that you can prepare but near enough, so that you know forget about it at any time, and it's really good. If you can base it on some old shit. Very few people can remind everybody thinks that the old folks really understood the universe when in fact they did not what they understood the little bit of it, but to say that they know more about the fate of the cosmos than modern day astrophysics. You must have one year from Surpass: classy physics, glasses or something that I too think that way. I don't understand what go What's going on in those my it's the same sort of thinking that those same thinking that wants to uncover mysteries and conspiracies. There's, though, there's it's a weird excitement to like hidden thing: are you a moon guy for awhile

yeah. Well, listen! My issues with not believing that people, one of the moon, a lot of it had to do with a friend who had an uncle who worked at rocket dying, and this guy was convinced that there is no way to do it. He was an engineer and said they were so far away from doing it that the fact that they did- and they did it seven times But I, since looking at it, did the weight of all the evidence, the review. I resign. The possibility that some things were horseshit based on a lot of photograph of evidence that they did fuck with well. Here is as an example I photo but hit hardest hit here here. If you look at right, the fuel that was loaded up into the Saturn five rocket you can calculate where that fuel could take that rocket. It's to the moon and back.

It's not going to the Piggly wiggly right in the sad and fine NOM retired. Listen! If, if anybody has any real sense, they would look at it and say: there's no way that that was a hoax there's one away like it would be harder. You'd see people think it was actually hard to get to the moon. Yes, it was. It was hard, certainly, but would have been way harder to hoaxing majestically today, but the thing about hoaxing things back then. The thing that was so compelling to me was that the hoaxing things back then was really sort of way. They did it mean that other gun, the Gulf Tonkin that's the older one reach regular stories. You know there is a lot of figuring book faking news, the height of the cold war, when there is a lot of reasons why I thought some fucker was afoot not

an especially all these goddamn documentaries. Guessing you say you felt justified just because the landscape, in which other things had been happening down unusual stuff, like that, was the decade where we lost confidence in our government. That was well for good reason, namely that was proven with Watergate and was proven what really, but over and over know about the gulf of documents and over and over and over and over it was damaged and the idea that they were able to do that in nineteen, sixty nine, but haven't mail. The repeated sense, of course, makes it even more delicious makes it even more. Can spare toil attractive and then the fact that the other rock tat they had given to HOLLAND turned out to be a piece of petrified. Would you know there's a lot of weirdness to the moon, landing conspiracy end. There is a lot of not just did the people that were alike that admired it, but it was almost like a religious state. My friend call it a technological Jesus he's that if you, if you, if anything, is scientific, you should be question in some would give you an answer, but there's this

of emotion and attachment and pride with certain historical accomplishments, like one of them being the moon, lending that forbid people. Actually question: what could it went beyond science? It wasn't it wasn't. Cultural achievement, Degenerate Clinton quote what was Clinton Clean, wrote a book, my life. Clinton man now button George Boots Build guy was the president. Can George Clinton? That's the other guy says it, as his opinion is equally valid, two very different Clinton's yeah. I find it for the court was it in my life. Yes, it is and it was it was it was on the other, that the time where it where it happened, he was working with carpenters. Where were you looking at, and I welcome the way, reflect on people who say we then go to the moment. When I say what a compliment is of our emergent culture, technological culture, that their members of our society that are so impressed with what we have

that they can't believe it well yeah. I take it as a compliment that people stand. Dumbstruck. Awestruck that it be paid is beyond their catch capacity to believe it. I don't think it's beyond the capacity to believe it. I think if you had shown them YO documentaries, didn't have any of the stuff there was in the ship it I saw whether was we lead the moon. Did we go? There's another one, a funny thing but on the way, the moon, with his show over and over again all this fuck that footage and it's very convey using to a non scientifically might emerge. You can get on a long downward spiral in this Quintus club. The Clinton quote this fucks with just a Before APOLLO, Levin astronauts Buzz Algerian Neil Armstrong had left her colleague, Michael Collins, Bored spaceship Colombia and walked on the moon beating by five months, President Kennedy GO of putting a man on the moon before the end of the decade. The old carpenter asked me if I

leave it happened. I said sure I saw it on television and he disagreed. He said that he didn't believe it for a minute that those television fellers can make things look real that weren't back then I thought it was a crank. During my eight years in Washington, I saw some things on tv that made me wonder if he wasn't ahead of its time. Give us its horrible quote to hear from the President of the United States of Europe confuse young man, and you think we maybe didn't land on the moon. You read something like that. You go with what does that mean? Well, plus people in total give the government way more credit while for organised behaviour, then they actually ever deserve. So I think they believed that government killed Kennedy and I think a lot of people believe that, they did that they could come to do a lot of things. We are, I mean so ok, but you know scientists The move on radio beginner, arguing that

yeah, that's what we're weak disappoint, where you just say. I gotta move on to the other thing that makes a conspiracy. So juicy is signs didn't move on when it came to man. Space landings. Tat was the end of the engineering already out. Yet there was the political will that big money at that level here and and and what's what all conspiracy theories have in common? Is that there's a point where you have to bridge a gap in the Alps of actual data and an assertion gets laced upon it rose satisfy the the claim that it comes. It's a conspiracy theory, so you say well well this able true that and the only way they can both monsieur is, if this is covered up in between September, is always ass to say, there's a cover up when it, but when there's actual knowledge about the world. Nobody has to talk about covered up. Information is there in writ large and ready to be absorbed and embraced. I

Ray with you. The reason why the moon theory is so juicy for people as because there's so much of this stuff that you could point to, and so much of it that looks like evidence of factory You know whether it's like we'll take, for example, the the assertion that the photos from the moon lunar surface since the moon has no atmosphere than a daytime picture. If you're there in the daytime in the moon, you see it full night, night sky of stars and even with the sun, in the skies. Well, you don't see stars in the daytime on earth, not because they're not there, but because the atmosphere is a glow with scattered life from the sun. If you take away the atmosphere, the subtle still be there, but the sky goes dark. That's what the folks get when they go to the edge of the atmosphere and the calling at the edge of space. But when you get to the edge of the atmosphere, the atmosphere is no lorry between you and the rest of the universe, and the stars reveal themselves

just as they would at night. So everyone knew this. So you see these photos from the moon and there's Neil in bars and the land air and there's no stars in the sky. It's just mark and, as I see it, Baker, and these, people have never taken photography right if you are exposed for the bright, reflective light of the astronauts and lunar surface, that camera exposure, even in the hassle, adds that they carried to the moon, and news is too short to taken, though, light from the stars of the night sky. If you turn the camera to the sky, a much longer exposure with sensitive field, you'll get the start with you over exposed the stuff in the foreground, so

photography. One or one answers that question. But there are huge websites given onto this, and so what they told me was that people simply wanted to believe that it was a hoax and then made all the information fit that need without actually caring about the scientific truths that, with any evidence, would disprove all of what they were thinking So at that point I said, people just believe what they want, and so my task was not to debating hucksters as an educated. My task is to get people thinking straight in the first. Is so you no longer susceptible to the kinds of king, where you become selective about the data that you choose to believe or you get you get duped by someone who's, exploiting the laws of physics for their own financial gain, she's, neither exploding your ignorance or the financial of the laws of physics for their own financial gain. So I see site

literacy, is a kind of vaccine against all of the world around you. That would just simply take advantage of your your goodwill in good nature, certainly with with things that can be easily explained like you're talking about the light, and the setting of the camera, all that ever they lead with that- and I explained at All- then ok. Well then, how about a year ago and analyse- and you know I don t- go to dinner- you know I'm rife with so that that is a huge problem whereby you know- and certainly when I watch my first documentary on the Fox Moon, the Fox One, when the moon landing, it was a big with the moon. Did we go? There was all sorts of compelling evidence that was really weird like photographs from different spots in the moon, but they have the same backdrop. You know- and you know, and using the end of this idea, that they had done these inside some gigantic sound studio.

When you see something like down on television, you saw a brain o Leary, who is an astronaut and once again its aren't tv, the area for the authority built into the medium and then talking to those deeds uncle or him telling these what his uncle said. Actually just ass. It was such a you know it it's one of those things where you go. Ok, we know they lied about We know we lighted. They lied about that. They lie about things on government like a little. They have they'd have to the German have to lie as well as ten thousand scientists and engineers. Let me think about think about this. Just think about this. We knew more if they were ever estate secret that the government wanted to keep. It would be the behaviour of President Clinton's genitals, ok, but that got out that got out, and only three people knew this three aright

you gonna hoax, a moon lending by telling ten thousand taste and engineers to keep it secret for forty years? That's not humans behave what what was it who's who is was lemon sniggered. Who said, I forgot who the author was of this quotas, that the only the only way you can keep a secret between two people, as if one of them is dead, but that such a militarily may leave. We ve kept Kip big secrets for long what you can keep its sure, but real the delectable secrets? Don't don't? Let's, you can keep a secret that there's a bunker that I'm gonna run too sure, but that to keep a secret that stuff, less and less lesser stuff than that gets out. Will you like, when you hear things relic area fifty one and like the Robert Lazard interviews of ever have You like, when you hear things relic area fifty one and like the Robert Lazard Interviews, have you ever have pointed to a true requires that you say someone is keeping something secret singing. Everybody's, capable of keeping secrets. None of that.

No! I dont. Like I completely disagree. I think that amendment gypsy gruel sure where they live, where it. Yes, I mean that what the quote with that one to be dead. That's an exaggeration, glass, of course, but beyond a certain number of people: the conduct of human beings. If the seat This really juicy and really reach Lee tantalizing I'd, I think, to zero percent chance that that's likely. I disagree. Diaries derby thy people telling their family You know like we didn't go to the moon. Looking as equally going all ready now. Look at this secrets that get out near that they'll, listen, listen, they mean for sure most secrets get out. However, I absolutely think it's completely possible for people to keep secrets. Actually that's a an experiment that you can conduct had to say: They make a fake men and up and none of the statement, most secrets get out Raoul. You know that's a hundred per cent of secret. It could

rights too simple, I dont contestable fact. Would you don't you have any secrets in your press? You got away with sure a lot of people get away with some cigarettes you haven't. I didn't tell it to ten thousand people and say: keep it a secret while the ideas that, if you're talking about NASA the ideal about the moon landings with, is that it was compartmentalized, and you know the did the big one as they stand. A cubic, was the does actually documentary fastening document again foxes, my head, because As I said, it's terrifying when you too stupid to know who's dumb, and that is often find myself when I watch these things- and there was this compulsory. There was all about the different sort of techniques that cubicle used in two thousand and one how brilliant Jane I very yeah. He had changed the way you re shot gigantic scenes by Some new process called something about front projection. I think that was basically what was than the name of the process and then he showed all the evidence of front projection footage in the moon, landings and again here.

Could you sitting here, and I know I know I'm looking at this, unlike ok, we'll whose right here is this: what is what we are seeing the video the astronauts on tramplings? No, no, I never thought in my life that I would be in the position to real astrophysicist watch, a ridiculous video So I want you to try and with a lap astronauts untrimmed believing this. Ok, you don't see it. It's beautiful. I don't think I've seen it its astronauts and the conspiracy is that they are either on trampoline or their on some sort of a wire harness because of the way there moving in that they're? Moving behind the the lunar rover and that's to hide either the trampoline or hide the movement of their feet like the weight, the shot, its position and its mother. This one job, mobility and so should outweighing item from China and watched us where we had epic

tell you what a guy does no longer going to snow, yanked logic: the zone pretty good that out here earlier He fell down Likud. This new, I mean Lucy. Are they doing I mean obviously, if you're a person whose not scientifically inclined in your prone to conspiracy theories guilty of both, and you see something like that. What the fuck is going on there Is that really the moon? Other really jumping our electron tramplings looks like guys gonna yanked up by wires on the moon, Well, I'm just saying you look at the trajectory of Saturn five rocket, so that's nice, so that it doesn't mean a person was in it when you watch that doesnt now look we're though well

Are you saying if you don't know what the left physics would doubtless have asthma and one six gravity on you watching? This doesn't look where do so. I understand that the House susceptible one can be when you're confronted with what is given as Evidence- yes, Indians, so and and and if I don't otherwise come across that way. I am sensitive to that votes to two. I'm I'm if you dont otherwise have the tools to lies information. Then then one is susceptible to all manner of forces of thought. The go on around you and, like I say that, but by then for me

I now have the energy to fight all that. Rather I just I just teach people so how to think about information, and then I walk away and then they they make the life of the votes that whoever they want. But there there they ve got intellectual defences, and so so that's how at the other, people who take em on had to head Michael Shermer, big scepter, yes and more power two of these at the patience and good at analogies and goodwill, and he can present to you the evidence that psychological evidence of why were susceptible to this he's got a whole book called. Why why we believe weird things? You know I'm innocent if you think it's weird look about video and think it's looks, it be weird, otherwise knew what it looked. At. A thirty three story rocket filled with fuel launched from Cape Canaveral,

several orbit around earth went to the moon, took pictures from the front side of the moon, the backside of the moon images from the surface of the moon a week later, the comes back. Aircraft carrier goes into the Pacific to pick up on a capsule out of the ocean people get out of the car. So get on the spacecraft that president meets them. Magazine, Z, profiles sat up, that's all emotional, but it all you get us or imply just sing. It builds, and then someone shows you a video international. Maybe all that didn't you know there was a faint, clean out the ideas, not even that at all didn't happen. A lot of the, though the idea of proposing a cubic documentary, was that the footage was fucked up and that they made a lot of extra footage and then a lot of what you see is faked where they were worried that they work and are able to do it so decide to fake id and some to see if they could think and that there was to schools thought gets a whole other thing: that's all they want me to go, but they just but they they needed

movie director to our about the the view. While they see the embassy that the Micro Collins Photos- and these are really annoying I'll show you where this was Gemini Gemini ten Jonah, ten spacewalk, but it wasn't really was a simulation and they just blacked out the background used. It is NASA use. It is like press clippings, so conspiracy, people get ahold of that. They go which probably just they needed a photo. They didn't have one fuckin. Guy really did spacewalk, you know and they justice it decides. Doolittle thuggery his. They say the guy's walk around space, when you social photo on a shelf, pre photogenic. So there's quite briefer yeah they painted it so you see something like that with your knowledge of physics and with your understanding of vacuums and zero gravity. That does not completely straight its complete?

looks totally normal. What do I get? It depends on how quickly they return to the ground and mean these are you have to do so to judge that, and so but do not want to see more. I mean this is this is a pretty tight shot rain other things went to look at how far we horizon is curse, is smaller smaller than earth. So I want to see the dust was kicked up into the dust fall at the slower rate that the astronaut false- and I don't see that, in this I say this is not enough information if our house cold presented to sell if somebody, because you can put wires on dust right in hand in and suspend the dust and have it descended slowly as an astronaut boundary? I daresay you mean, like the lunar rover dust yet or whatever.

Every time, a step, the direct came up so so you'd look at all these queues and there are so many cues that would happen. Naturally, if it actually happened that you'd have to think up and get perfectly to to fool. Expert who knows what they're looking if they know? What is that? Why you that didn't easier to simply go to the moon than to fake? All of that that's my point. This is the one where it looks like the guy gets yanked up by wire me arsonists check. This has on the ground. We fell forward and backup yeah. Now it what people, I think, especially people like myself, would have to wrap their heads around. I guess is that this isn't just a vacuum, but it's also a vacuum and one six gravity reciting dealing with a completely alien environs Hamas. So how much do I write one? Ninety one, ninety six pack it in there So you know how

you're trying to France don't let me show you my six Pakistan, the Budweiser on the side of the table, how rude again damaging to my confidence. So, yes, you have muscles to accommodate your home. Any party idea right, such as so now, Now, what's at a two hundred pounds pack on you backpacks and now you wait four hundred pounds right when he said three, thirty five but I'll go Ok, yeah, just rounded rises around a scientist. Get big round numbers? Okay, so Let's say you now way forward and twenty pounds you're slug. In your way, your sluggish here on earth, where I put you on the moon, your muscles that normally are accustomed to a hundred ninety pounds. Now our now are carrying our maneuvering r, r, r, r R.

Are now belong, alighting, manipulating one sixth of fourteen and twenty pounds, which is seventy pounds right. Imagine how awesome you would be How awesome you would avoid seventy percent? If you have this musculature and you wait, seventy pounds you be Superman, you couldn't crack in exile, you'd hit people, they laugh, you would be. Super may act have really good tat. You would pop up. You would told you Jim to the flying, so it's cool. So what would I m? What I'm confusing is what would happen in an earths environment. That's your life experience. This is the bias you bring to invest and understandable, biased and that's what makes the world that the moon and other work we place so so that it is our seats that literally literally, could spring up as if you are pulled by a court and luggage rude luckless. You can swing better because the court has to make you feel like you're. Seventy pounds.

But now you are seventy pounds, so you just do you just do it? I really enjoyed myth busters version of it. They they went into depth about love, flag waving and I thought it was really fascinating to watch. When will they actually created a vacuum and had the flag wave in a vacuum? and it's it's weird because it it doesn't mean you know, we have an idea in our head of what it looks like one flag waves. Well, that's obviously the wind moving that flag, but there's wind here there there's there's nothing. There is zero. Here now, when someone would run by a flat in zero atmosphere. Does it create any wind thing nothing. So if a guy by a flag and the flag blows in the breeze what's causing. That is that of faked footage, dependent video. Yet to put the yes, if you walk by flag in in North EAST, I haven't can do

Georgie it has to do with no atmosphere right, I am so. You walked by flag. There is no breeze that that is left behind you in the way of your steps and depending on how much air you displace things. Next, you might might onto that. If there's no atmosphere, no there's no way to get that information to the flax. Now I know that up puller flag blow in the breach of Albania, the video, so what you have here is with with the american flag that set up there sort of residual stiffness to the flag minds. This residual stiffness tonight to that being that has to hold the flag, otherwise Ryan Limp It was a shaft through the top of exactly there's a famous quote by our Forestry Clark. Who and at what point I tweeted this where he said it's in space,

the where there is no air flag cannot wave. So maybe space is not a place where flags along O Apollo fifteen is. This? Is the one s really fascinating because they stick and into the ground and then the dude hops by it and when he Hobbs by it'll wiggles in the breeze like there, you can see clearly that the show just a target and grant YAP exactly none other than the shaft is in it and it's it's in place and it still sort of reacting to the environment where now watch what when the guy gets behind it now he's sort of moving along and he gets in front of it and when he hops in front of it, the flag follows him like if it goes in the breeze. Maybe you, how long is this? How do you now has nothing touches anything poet, Porter, well. If it does move the evidence which suggests that something

get it to the port, where a guy goes around he's taken some pictures here right. So here you will. We would have been much better if we keep this Klute Cute up till it right there. Ok, ok, but I can watch economic aid. He's taken some pictures here right, so here we will. We would have been much better if we keep this coup cute like right. There, ok, but I can watch economic. Back it up. You missed you back its citadels wigglin, just get it right with a guy hops in front of it. Did you fuck you too we decided until you just eat mystery? I don't fuck Jesus Christ, the goggles hopping in front of heroes. They say a word on the worst nightmare. Can you do that on the screen? Their add popped up.

Yeah, it's like a breeze, blew it yeah, so soft, something either ass of old, that's fake, yet so either either. All of this got faked or something that's the flag. There was not our view now, that's what they call it by its desire that it's not either could easily been that the sum of the footage didn't come out well or they fix some of the footage or that we would have to have might not have been even real, APOLLO foot. It don't mean that might have been something that someone made and then put it up as a Guph and that everyone, like me saying that is out of his report. So here's my point So there's a lot of bakery at their official and otherwise right and The most susceptible field of investigation to factory is you. I followed you right, ok sure, so so here's my point or ghosts: ok, you're, looking at a picture that

actively low quality that doesn't see the entire zone around the flag that you, you don't have full information Someone goes by and the flag wiggles either this was faked and there is air and the flag of responding to air or there's something in the whole policy. Mission didn't happen and if you want to take it to an ear letters and extreme limit, but more this something. Didn't make it into this photo that's all. It's not. It's not good have been like as he job. Maybe a piece of does piece of something picked up in red it precisely we don't see it because it's such low or is always equipment touches. It looks like he's, got exactly you. Don't we have our away from a donor. You'd give no dep again death, Juliet electric things in the ground where they are literally see the guy go buy. You do have depth if you watch that it's not good, it's not good depth and he's got a backpack it. So so I can't lose sleep over that

I just do not undervalue lose a simple, and I just wanted you to look at a guy habit in front of a flag blown in the breeze atmosphere. Less moon. I mean these video Those are one of the reasons so should various yet and so on. So I sympathise with some of that. But it does not necessarily mean that did no one mean if, if some piece of footage is fake, it doesn't mean the whole mission was faint arms not only that, but I would say that it is so hard to fake every little thing that would need to happen it just it's it's easier to just go to the moon really. Would it be? Why would it so hard to make videogame outrage and photography, photographic, footage and then

LISA Argovie. Another reason why you can't put the sun, for all intents and purposes in a photograph is at infinity, which means all shadows are parallel, so that in future, if you photograph him in the correct way, so that you don't have a four shortening of an angle, you will see that that shadows, r, R r parallel. Ok, they point to one point. They reference one point at infinity. You can't take that affect. That's how I know in Hollywood, if they ve artificially the scene and pretend that it's a son, because they can't actually put their light source at infinity, and so I give I let it go because its Hollywood and they got a date for the pretend that it stays when it we have three o clock in the morning when there's no traffic, that's a state with a letter go. I pretend I have equated. My had an affinity, these desire. They wanna bullshit people because I try it, but you attack.

Suspension of disbelief with me, I'm like! Maybe she really couldn't kill that dragon sword, but fuck it I'm at the movies with you. It's like this. I look for you know they can control the sun so on one part of the scene in the morning. Another part in the afternoon the shadow was pointing in a different direction right and they want you to think it just happened. Ten minutes later it can't control this row. Let's take the sun in a sound studio in Europe and they have the right or colored temperature of the sun, so it feels like sunlight and it has that sort of brightness, thereby you get so I that go. You did this so much you'd have to fake I'd swear. It is easier to just go to the damn: that's how I I understand exactly saying, but it sounds crazy if you think that people actually couldn't get to the moon, then know that if they actually physically, survive out in the atmosphere of deep space. Couldn't survive the within the time is that the solar radiation, any solar, flares, any solar activity, would be instant,

in this sort of been kind of acknowledged by NASA that they rolled the dice with with solar radiation, so the people that are believing that it's impossible to get through the video and radiation belts. For you, too there was that it would be suggests it is for this is that you could yes, however, don't spend much time getting through them row ready doses. Not simply, is it there it's how much time, though she had its time. Exposure to the intensity plus time gives you total dose right, but these these people that believe that no humans have ever done it before concealing people. It did it with the APOLLO astronauts and there's no one's been able to do it since in every single space station flight. Every space shuttle, like all of them, are within what four hundred miles easily and expectations tutors to something. Hobbles will hire rather three right right, but the miles the right, but these are the only times where human beings have ever been pass. That was the policy programmes The conspiracy minded, of course, that comes up with no. You can't survive and deep space. No one ever it accepts the people, the sixties and no one believes

today and the real why you can't get out there is because of solar, flares and radiation. I was just so. If they're right, then it would be easier to fake it. You say there not right because Van Ellen says it's it's safe to go through the belts, and then they went through the top down at home. But realistically, when, when people look at human beings that have actually been through the last time someone did. It was nineteen. Seventy two rosa last I'm a human being, has been more than foreigner miles from the surface that freaks people out every single technological achievement from nineteen, sixty nine is easier, cheaper and faster to reproduce today, except the well known, had its own

directory in nineteen sixty nine, the computer was still half the size of the room so and that's one thing: the same computer, that's like not even an Iphone right, Zactly and at or the computing power, that's in a birthday singing birthday card. So what cubic got wrong in two thousand and one in the midst of all the rest that was visionary was the assumption that the future would be one big computer controlling the one big ship, the notion of distributed computing, where you would have the power of the mainframe sitting on your hip was unimagined at the time. So so yeah things got systematically more powerful, but that's I mean this was that's. A natural progression of technology has been going on since the industrial revolution right. That alone doesn't surprise. Anyone know that doesn't surprise anyone. The argument is that the up the man space flight is the only thing that has an advanced. If you watch these movies for the nineteen seventeen, they talked about two thousand ten, my God lives in peace

stations on the moon and there is space. Ninety ninety nine remember, of course automated, but Reality- is our smash space. You ended up, so you are money. The existing ethnic. I the that's a clean, clear answer, but needs a more subtle answer, we went to the moon, everyone assumed because of the way it was marketed. There was the the the the the profiles and life magazine of each of the astronauts, and you saw their families and it was the president said we should do it and- and it was this grand mission from NASA billion space agency and and the world's fair in New York. Nineteen sixty four was all about inventing a future, so we would living that romance all right. What we were not reminding ourselves is that

The only reason why we went to the moon is because we were at war with Russia with the Soviet Union. That is the only reason at all. If you don't carry that motivation with you and your only thinking that this is simply the next technological thing to do that, when we learn that Russia is not going to the moon, therefore, we have no reason to contain you and we stop you. Then cry foul and you say well wait a minute what about the future have on Mars and about the rest of that will the vessel was not ever in the plan unless Mars had planned unless Russia had planned to do it and so it was not a natural flow of what our technology would have done, because it didn't flow out of our economic creativity. Matter of our urge to not die. And so, when you have that scenario, of course weeding go past the moon after nineteen. Seventy two.

We would no longer competing with Russia to do that. I understand what you say and if I was more conspiratorially minded, I would argue that that's a nice convenient thing to say, but the reality is we still kept up as are as other avenues of military, whether its building better bombs are faster playing of court, and it was all about military superiority of court would at least be the first to set up a base on the moon. Wouldn't leave be the first to it's not necessary unless Russia does right, in fact, most We did in space. Was we active to Russia? We were not the first, space Russia was. We were the first to a life form into space. Russia was Russia spent, sent a dog we the first humans in space, Russia's Russians, were Russians even put the first blow. Percent in space. It was a cuban acumen cosmonaut, the

Chivas in Spain or what we did, we got to the moon first and then we say we win, and so We have we painted that error in our memory, as we are pioneers, and we did it because we explore no. We did it because, with with that's a nice after the fact window dressing you can put on that achievement, but we did it because we were at war. There is no You understand that it allows you to understand why we stopped. I please we hear way sand, but you are fuelling the conspiracy fires and the people right now. Thinking Neil Thyssen is work. The man says it's gonna come on. This shouts. Try to explain things are not ideological way. Look at him is tricky facts and large muddying information about history. The

I agree with you, but I still see room the details. I mean they room for Fucker. It means Mars is not in our future, not unless, unless one of two conditions are satisfied either China says they wanna, put military bases on Mars. We Mars: nine months at ten months after that, one month, design, build and and and and and launch a Mars worthy cracked and nine months to get their right. That's if China says they wanna, put military bases on Mars where there tomorrow, as one they get there. Another way we find some economic justification for doing it motivated by I don't want to die in Ottawa and die poor, but here, like massive resources, just on the moon mean, haven't they found

tight team entirely. So that's a frontier and Smith was the name of this new venture, Spain, resourcing space resources and corporate it there. I think, that's their name. I think I've got it wrong, but just do a google on you'll find it radiantly. This is a group of folks astronauts in aerospace, engineers and scientists and entrepreneurs who say: do you know steroid. The size of size of a football field has more mine, a bull, rare elements, And have ever been mine in the history of the World tat, and if you, if you, if you toe that thing to earth there, you go the size of a football, or less less size of a barn. There are platinum group there at sea Nature already did the sorting of the elements for us right there. They were there. It was Sunday called planetarium old objects that didn't quite grow.

Enough to become planets, and then there is susceptible to being shattered back into asteroids. So when you make a planet and it still molten, the heavy stuff goes to the middle right because it sinks and the lights to floats. Well, what's heavy irons, heavy platinum is heavy, the radium is heavy. Uranium is heavy. All the heavy stuff is heavy. So now sure than sorts it? The geologist calls a differentiation, it sorts it. Now. You have this cosmic object, that later on get shattered. You now have towards made of crust and asteroids made a core material and the core material has got all the elements, all those all those rare earth, metals that we value and industry that we value in an jewellery it did its caprice collected for us. If you get one of these platinum, goop, asteroids and and bring it back to earth there it is it's a whole new market players need, like. I wonder, woman jet with a net back some when she was in a net shit, and I remember that war-

You corralling asteroid and use it for other operations in space, which is a much more fun actually a feasible thing to do, and I would involve deep space travel the deep space not only that space travel, a robotic, more mobile, do it, you can do robots. Surely if you, if we can perfect robot lit the robot, look there s no better way to do it anyway. You'll have to feed him. They didn't want to come home after that you, unless we fully this planet like unless we have to go about startle act. Gotta most, like Glee we're not going to need to send people to explore things, and we have something like that. Over what why take a chance on human biological life? I want means to go to Mars. I think that's a good thing to do for, because you build heroes that way. There's no ticker tape, parades

robots we're gonna, be here: ok go that far without jerking off that things, like nine months, you're, the air and back and european video camera the whole time we're going to find some real heroes, cease of real. People are really weep the first time to get into a ten hours what you might do just send couples, and then you get rid of that problem than they fight. Can that that's terrible, hastened insects in space is a new couples, whether that was the that's even worse. You dont have any history together. What are the odds and they're gonna work out? How many new couple stick around nine months hard when there's a hard when they have found plants and remain entirely of diamond yeah took diamonds pure carbon? If, if anyone didn't remember that I'm in comes in like carbonate compression Anglia, five or six varieties, and one of them is what's in your pencils that graphite very soften and that's a diamond none at all, but it's all its carbon in a way the lattice is, is layered.

Invoking the smooth layers that slide off one another. That's why a pencil as you touch a pencil to the page and drag it you. What you are doing is your dragging layers of carbon lattice off of the graphite and then, if I thought of it Actually pretty cool? That's a very cool. It's almost sensual great yeah layers of granting acts like a sculpture, AMO lay to the page, a duty sculpt, obeying your every command, allowing you to communicate with other humans. There is a pencil what's going on inside. What we call the lead pencil lead is is just the the term for what the graphite its independence has nothing to do with the element, let so other forms of carbon. Lately we discovered the Bucky Ball its carbon sixty sixty carbon atoms that are

that make a sheet that has curved into a sphere the shell of a sphere and its essentially the lattice points of a soccer ball, their sixty of them. If it, if you do it right, and then you get what we call a Bucky ball, because it it's it's Bucky Balls named after Buckminster fuller and he you remember the geodesic dome where those ok, so that the lattice of them is that what is is caused to image that? What that, what the bucket Oh, yes, so the the the the judicial domes which but Buckminster fuller, made popular Edison, the nineteen sixties. They predated him by the way is credited with inventing a, but he didn't. It was invented by cites the planetary manufacturers in EAST Germany. There are some engineers there they invented this. This is an aside, but I think that pretty cool aside, they invented a new way to to protect star

on the ceiling is in the first optical projector and they put it on their side. And say you know this would be cooler if the ceiling were round. You know do have any round ceilings of no ok, here's a couple of hours ago invent one and they invented You didn't answer the geodesic dome just for the purpose of showing a dome where the stars would read. This isn't nineteen twenty three? Why has pretty cool

May, not so anyhow, so urban carbon. So you put the carbon atoms at two at the latest at the intersection points over geodesic dome and you basically get something that resembles the Bucky Ball. It's a new form of carbon, it's one of the forms and one of them is diamond and diamond. The lattice is, is, is very tightly bound. So no part of a diamond will slide off of any other part and diamond is the hardest natural substance known, and that's why you have diamond drills. You have diamond anvils and a diamond because its transparent and it also very dense light actually says. Goes down inside of a diamond? It is only forty percent as fast in a diamond as it is in the vacuum of space, and because of that it then so severely in the cuts of the diamond that you can get double and triple reflections inside so light from one direction comes out in a different direction, making the diamond

like its radiant on your finger here, carbon, it is the same stuff. That's in coal except treated differently. What there was a man who they, they wrote an article bottom in wired magazine a few years back where he had acquired some sort of technology from the Soviet Union where they had figured out how to make diamonds are women are making them now? I did I hosted over and over, now I dont anymore, but in my my tenure as host, we visited they blindfolded me because they don't want it to be used to know about it and took me to a secret factory manufacturing plant where their layering carbon onto a lattice in just the way a diamond is created and they're just building diamond,

blindfolded, you, oh yeah effect. They took away my Iphone cause. My phone has the track that that the you know the initial memory of where it has been so that had to be turned off, and I was buying folding than we did the interview in the in the factory and we looked inside the special patented devices where they make it now the ears so the real weird thing about tat obey a dwarf. Wait then I took some of the samples of diamonds if they made and went on to forty seventh street in New York, the diamond capital of the world, and I shall to the eyes there and they were purer than any of the diamond. They had ridden hall from earth. This is how ridiculous chicks are slowly at home. My wife says she wouldn't want one of those diamonds. Why? Because, because there are inefficient well so I spoke to them- are not crazy. That I spoke to the merchants, and I said what are you gonna do if there's a flood of these diamonds on the market, they said people and are going to want them. I met you sounds like you, you might exist because they want to know that it was forged

the fires of the belly of the earth and not just at a somebody's back lab, and I said ok, but you know these appear diamond than anything earth is creating, because we can do a better job making diamonds dinner can and so for me I take the artificial foxier any known some poor asking kid is never chip it out of a rock with points very important source technology, replacing human labour once again ways nanometer green. Does it freak you out, when a mean, obviously very technologically minded, but when you you realize where these conflict minerals come from and the actual stuff. It's in your Iphone. Someone might have dug out of a hill in a poor community in Africa. Maids. Incredibly ironic yeah, but it's the it's not the uniquely poor as a community, that's exploited for some economic gain

So so my issue wouldn't be: oh, I'm concerned about these minerals our concern about all the places where they tap sure. So so you know the nights. It is ironic that the most technologically advanced shit we have needs to come. That way. You now that that's where, in two thousand twelve in until the star perform in these areas. That's where it was coming gets out about getting too. I wouldn't call a diamond technologically advanced when I think of technical, I think, as much handling minerals conflict when lithium. I Oh yeah! I will share culture on your cell phones, ok, right, russian right, yeah, so so diamond. So so yes getting back to what Starlight it estimates back to what started this carbon as it is, is the forthright fourth most cup carbon is the fourth most com an ingredient in the cosmos, and so in the cosmos is full of places where this high temperature and high pressure and a lot of time

we are not. We are delighted, but not entirely surprised, that their places in the universe, even entire planets, where a large part of their composition would be pure diamond. How long does it take to create a diamond earth inside. I am not upon the very because at the pressure matters here as well, and that you can change one and that affects what you'd need for the other, and I haven't map memorized in my head, but it takes a long time by longer than your lifetime so you you once you run out of diamonds in the earth and I get anymore diamonds. You gonna have to make him yourself or find them elsewhere in the universe. And how long does it take their machines to make them? You can make one in about a week? Well, oh yeah, useless, down. You'd know how big is it like it, it's hard to make a big one? They may can Yama carriage fluent, but the size of a baby, so one that could easily fit in its in a post. Earring, that's how they can get away.

That crazy, the gene, Ardor type Elizabeth Are there not area kill, car dashing and those are rare. Anyone was extremely rare anywhere in the most common diamonds are small, so they can certainly compete in that market place. It doesn't de beers have liked. The rumor is the conspiracy

is we should play that? Here's leaving the theme going throughout the park ass, the young, the theory? Is it there's a warehouse that they keep their so many diamonds that they the artificially and freight the price by slowly release him to the marketplace is naturally, I think there's not a pure market in diamonds. When and I think in the lingo of economics. If there is a market in something it means it is traded, often enough, so that the price at any given moment is the actual price. The actual evaluation of that that object in the world at a time and a presupposes that there's a full access to supplies in demand and nothing is being withheld. So, yes, De Beers, holding. If not to be, someone else is withholding diamonds from the marketplace to assure a circuit certain price. If they flooded the market, the price will drop goddamn, and this is wrong and he listened in a shit

a real diamond boy- here's the scary parts with general ass, the universe. Here we are killing each other over resources buried in the ground and in the sands when the including sources of energy, chemical, energy, my case, whereas in the universe has an unlimited supply of everything, So why is it in energy? Why isn't that reflected in the budget that we put in the space travel seems ridiculous and short sighted and I'm it seems like you They call this military industrial money and say: listen. You fuckers, get really rich. Let's get crazy, let's go space cowboy style skull ass, though some wrong. This space resources company is doing exactly that. There would argue the case resources they they do targeting asteroids for economic experts, How does it work or the zeal like is space- is eventually going to be like the homesteaders back in the eighteen hundreds were, you would move there and get a plot of land we're going to have a claim plots. Currently space law, which is an interesting frontier in in you know, at the U N and in other places,

space law has certain rules and regulations. One of them, I think, is unrealistic and it has to do with the waging a war and I get to that in it, but the other one aliens space. No, it did forbids warfare forbid space from serving as a platform for war war. Yet now, but I think that's completely now even unrealistic and I'll. Tell you why, in a minute Becker and people say, space should be peace. A peaceful place. I think that is naive, that's naive, bordering on stupid. They obviously analysing thousands. So so so events in space, so the wave of laws, the books now read it could change but emerging consensus. The wait now reaches you cannot bone anything off the earth. However, no one can stop you from putting a flat

on it and no one can stop you from mining resources from it. You just can't claim to own it and require that someone else pay. You. To use it. Ok so in other words, there's no private property and there's no private objects in space. But if you do acquire an object, any bring it back. Can you If a path that hasn't been fully explored legally, yet, if you invest at all the money, I think that the laws are going to go in the favour of free market capitalism, and this is why conspiracy theories will step in say it's that's. While bomb is moving towards socialism, there try control of the resources in space. When a pull in all those minerals and diamonds, etc. It is June in their marketplace. Stranglehold on the diamond industry, except the rate at which will bomb is planned to return to space. Does not love is not men, Sir, it with that as it I a bull

unless we take into account the this conspiracy theory, to keep the elites alive forever and start killing off. People with eugenics and wars is loud people, that's another very fine conspiracy, theory, crop circles and cam trails I am not familiar with either one, although I do have a camera, was certainly crop circles. Urban growth circles, Nobody can trail know what account for only to introduce you to any. Bravo, not trails are, is one of the usually the silliest conspiracy theories in there, something there's validity to it. Unfortunately, in their first of all cloud, seeding has been done in many cultures stunt like regular, open basis in the United Arab Emirates in Abu Dhabi. They made it rained fifty times less willing to do it at every week. They can you can do it. We know that scientifically, but what their claiming is that the government is sprang shit out of point

and these are not regular planes in those countries that last forever those are actually Kim. Trails deserve fake clouds and there's all sorts of different things. There sprang that control the populace. Through your house brain. What is it tell me? What is how in what ways it can We live in a somewhat. If asked. What does it contain? Many facts gone too far with this. I added to a pilot, I said: ok like this, it's driving me crazy. Mercosur will it when we were kids vandals clouds in the sky with a pub plainly fly over there would dissipate really quickly, but not to stay for ever their fuckin sprain us we're shit man, that's ok, people are so then I talk to a pilot, I said: ok, what is it wise it? What's? How come sometimes called go away and sometimes of their assistance or contracts. It says its amount how much atmosphere almost waters in the atmosphere which varies so. Thank you. That's all! I need it up. The jet engine flies through? It makes it an artificial clout. It really does its pearls up. The water

the wind and in its wake. It leaves this temporary clout and it has to cool in order further to condense. And if you look, neatly outside of the engine, there's an interval where it is not clouded it's it's completely transparent like and then it cools reaching the temperature of the surrounding air and then a condenses out, but that the levels of more sure a different at different attitudes. So a plain will not leave the same control at all altitude from near and airport up to forty exiles and just as like some areas it rains in some areas are desert, is theirs areas of in this shouldn't. They should be it, but penal people get really wacky without one. That's a weird one when it's another one, where there is very little looking into the possible answers, it's like they want it to be. What we wanted to be wanted to be. They wanted to be cancer, causing things at the governess sprang on us in order to lower the population numbers, because too many of us that

while others lithium in the water supply. Neil Thyssen, have you like it had its conversational, someone said you know, there's antidepressants in the water supply. That's cause people flush there, the presence and they might pay they p and some of its I go, but they are- is so tiny I got. This is nothing that you could ever leads. Not psychoactive amounts because you know that man honey know that, unlike took jerry you man go, get some water and bring it put to a fuckin testing. Isn't it you can testify that freaking me out. There's enough real shit to freaked me out with rising is like end of the world people I would have conversations with them and they were convinced is mine. Thing in societies are headed towards certain thing. It's really obvious, not unlike given pay attention a super volcanoes you're, the real issues to be contented with some real shit goin on Yellowstone like Yellowstone, every six to eight hundred thousand years essential.

It kills half the continent off. Do you know that we, when we were growing up old, faithful, was called old, faithful and it was faithful to the clock and then there were some geologic stuff that happened and now it'll still blow, but it's not right when I saw this some neighbouring a graph I dont have maybe they are sometimes very full well yelled, together for a long time, you gotta get some credit it out. Of the there was a national geographic piece on Yellowstone. Where was right when they sort of figured out the Yellowstone was a cold day. Our volcano figure on the large ones, and they were talking about the the frequency of earthquakes and it was over a six month. Period is on whether there was two thousand quakes in yellowstone ointments. What you're threshold is for measuring and earthquake yeah, most most earthquakes in the world. If they haven't right under your feet, you wouldn't notice it, and so because

their their energy level, is so low that they don't even get past the absorbers in your need, even new needs or new hips. What you did well ligaments new ligament geezer, yet the almost no matter the condition of your knees, you wouldn't feel in earthquake up to two or three beneath and in New York City with a subway rum, rumbling underfoot, where I live, that's like four point: five just kick up, isn't exactly. I had something in fact when the World Trade Center collapsed that triggered. I may I was four blocks away when it happened that triggered. I paid very close attention to everything that was happening, including what kind of vibration in the ground and caused and was about like the rain going. You know thirty miles an hour just below you. So when the train goes, you feel oh yeah yeah, and you don't you and you ignore it, because it's the normal vibrations of life That is not just any living yards. We two three and four so, and so you look at the earthquake accounting their ton.

Of these, and so they don't really matter until it construction hurt something, and then you talk about it becomes a news so on account of earthquakes is not interesting. You want the number of earthquakes about seven above six and a half above five. They start getting interesting, but not lethal. Yet so yeah. You want it's threshold then give me that number, so are those earthquakes, a small ones like the EL someone's? Are they going on everywhere? It's their measuring and yellowstone. Yet, while some there's more goes some places, a more general active geologically active than others, places that are geologically active, we get the occasional, seven, eight, nine, seven and eight on the Richter scale or whatever the scales today those places you getting these loans practically all the time. All. Ok, so far, out about Yellowstone. Having two thousand earthquakes, like really should freak out about two thousand seven, it's exactly right.

This is another one of these things where its its partial information scaled into a catastrophe scenario that feeds people's fears and and and that the kind of fear that people delight in people say. Oh, you know, Manhattan has a fault line, running right down the Middle Manhattan, where three million people live and work, and he does in it's been dead for a million cubic feet. Lethargy, large. We dead fault, ok, so it hasn't move in a million not allowed on other number. But it's it's dead. I mean nothing happening there, where we ve got no place wings on there's, not a part of. It is what created Harlem Heights, which overlooks Harlem effect when Colombia move, then they renamed it it's it's actually called they call it morning sites, but actually Harlem Heights and that's a raised part of Manhattan. Its

well above the law areas where the rest of parliament's it's it's it's a cool, so it Manhattan has some remnant. Geologic features, not all of it has been a bulldoze over to put skyscraper. That's fascinate! I didn't know that it was actually above it because of a vote, because before you have put forward a fascinating fault, when some of that was retained in some part. They left some geologically interesting features there. But the point is their earthquakes down to level two. What were measurable? There happens all the time in most places and they had, but they haven't often in most places and in practically continuously, where you are geologically active and for folks, don't know, or talking literally, we called Darrow Volcano, essentially what it is a volcano there when it blows

it leaves like almost like a crater. It leaves a gold a gigantic, its three hundred kilometers warrant at it. In a super volcano, you basically repay major land areas of earth. You know Venus has very few craters on it and given its age and the fact that there is no rain or whether systems that could erode them, you can ask, will what's going on there and further analysis shows that Venus completely re paves its surface at regular intervals, that if you can pull enough love, which is just liquid rock, liquid rock you pull it out of liquefied layers of the planet and put it on the surface it'll spill out Brad around and cover up all craters that might have been there before. Do you know what week you know, the sea of tranquillity was at tell everybody spot in the moon. It's it's a place on the moon, it it's! It's called us

Lee because back before we knew anything about the moon. It was a large dark area, flat, dark area of the moon, and we imagine that maybe there's water there, and if this water there, and so that we trust their regions, call sees you know these actually. Are there their voice, Kanak basins when the moon was geologically, active lovers, build out spots, spread all over the surface of the moon as far as it could reach, and these became what we today we call seas, and you know the seas happen very late because they have fewer craters than a jail.

Areas where they love? It did not spill in, so you could date the surface of the moon, based on how many craters there are within a given area. Do you ever feel like I mean since your fascination? Is Spain, but wasn't waits? It's it's up to finish that so on Venus, where there are very few craters when we know there should be many that tells us that the entire surface suffers from freshened volcanic flow. Unlike the moon were the last time it laid out these seas is busy billions of years ago, since venuses constant, supervise constant, essentially yeah. When you see something like the moon, which is completely covered in in media impacts, it's one of the things. Really sets into my mind or gives me a reference point for time, because we ve now we are seeing these big impacts on a regular basis. In effect, we ve recorded a few of them. What the Recent one and Jupiter this massive one which will by yeah

an amateur astronomer, rang caught it and the other the and there's a flash of light on you just by accident. Yeah, and then there was the other one. The one that was observed is ninety four one when was that yet so that one was comic, Shoemaker leaving nine yeah yeah and that one it was a comment that the title forces of Jupiter on a previous pass had broken, that solid com it up into two dozen smaller, but still significant chunks of comic material, and it had a trajectory that was headed straight for Jupiter and we were ready for it and the Hubble telescope was in place and everybody was aiming. And each one of these blobs of comment that fell into Jupiter, plunged into the atmosphere and exploded with more energy than all the time all the bombs in the american Arsenal, and so the the bats are better?

to say that. Is it plunged with more energy than the impact that rendered the dinosaurs that render the dinosaurs extinct earth and so to get a sense of the energetic of the solar system is extraordinary and assets of the solar system. To get your point is a shooting gallery, and move the moon, which is sitting right in front of our knows. It's our nearest neighbour, that writ large, is the evidence of what earth plows through daily and we are protected by our atmosphere from most of it and dumb Maya point was that when you see that use, all the impact of their. So many impacts when you try to wrap your head around how many years, a million years, Is how many years a billion people have its is it's one of them it is impossible, brains are wired for understanding where will be eaten by a tiger lion right or whether you know that space and-

I'm a mines interact with it in very terrestrial ways. With the advent of the telescope and our understanding of the laws of physics we ve had to come to an understanding of the depth of time and the expanse of space that completely transcends what it is natural for us to contemplate, and so you have to almost grew accustomed to these facts, rather than take them into your heart because they fall so far beyond anything. We ve been trained to think about and that's why it's so hard for any one to believe that you can go from micro organisms to a giraffe or human being over the billions of your life cycle of lock. You believe evolutions. I wish us up not a matter of police. It's worth it evidence shows in and when I'm, given the choice, I'm going with you have in your ear. Listen that silly! That's ridiculous, went to live

What are we to some extent? The time is a narrative time, just like a piece of rock like the moon. Where you see all those impacts, you think how long What am I looking at? How much how much time did it take for all those rocks to fly to space and hit that as a temporary organism, you being a human being. Who has this sort terrestrial fascination, it's gotta be like almost gone mad race to collect information in an impasse in infinitely impossible universe we are like, may flies in the council, not even that think about it, a Mayflower not even that that's right! Think of what does and may fly know of a change of season for change of years. These are unfathomable, long timescales

the life cycle of a may, fly innovations and sow undermine, and so here we are worth not further methods and tools of science. We would have no clue about the universe of time in the universe of space that exists beyond the the physical accessibility of our biological form. So when you so so interesting analogy to this, I think is when you look up at a puffy cloud. To you it's just a cloud sitting there and it has a shape, but we ve all seen time lapse of clouds, particularly rain clouds. That's a turbulent place that legally, bowls of cloud and the cumulative nimbus through just gurgling up the boiling up through the centre, and it keeps regenerating rain, is coming at the bottom and that doesn't take much of a time lapsed, video to capture ten men

Fifteen minutes, but that's not our understanding of class. Our understanding is that there are just these things peacefully floating their right and that's just here. Perception, verses, a fifteen minute time lapse, video right, a man, inhuman human perception versus the billions of years of cosmic evolution than it really is, we don't stand a chance when, when you you, you see that you are, I don't know what happened when you see the potential had hazards and catastrophes the space and you think about the temporary lifespan of a human, does it does a frustrate you at arm is it as if it doesn't seem like I'm gonna miss a lot of shit, what their several consequences. One of them is. We don't know how to understand those dangers. If I say a killer, asteroid is gonna. Come

three hundred million years you're saying don't worry about it. But when it comes to render you extinct- and we don't know when it's gonna come between now and a hundred million years from now, do you even have the the temerity to say well I'd better, build a protection plan and on the possibility that it comes in my lifetime or in the lifetime of all my loved generation generations that follow we, we don't know how to react when our wired for some thought, let me say how badly we're not wired, for they thought happens after a hurricane devastated coastline rebuilt we rebuilt. It's not gonna happen to me, eat this stuff within your lifetime right. This is the twenty year hurricane, the thirty year hurricane, not the not the two hundred year, five hundred thousand year hurricane. So unfortunately our brains are wired for this. So it's a good thing that we have methods and tools that can

compensate for this shortcoming. Do we have any sort of scientific plan to handle asteroid impacts to have on paper? Oh yeah, we got a total solution, worked out on paper, completely unfunded. At the moment, You say on paper: is it for it? Like you can do the engineering you can do the engineering wits its it'll work and whatever they had sex and engineering they do. They knocked out. Orbiters someone. You know you're feared macho. If here yeah you blow the sucker out. Is there s just alone approach Angus I forgot to crossing a means to an Emma guy here right or would it Jujitsu so the different solutions that the problem is here. We could conceivably blow the thing up, but as Americans were really good at blowin stuff up and we'll less good it knowing the pieces land afterwards. So I'm gonna blow this thing into six pieces and still have all the six pieces headed towards earth right right. So the kinder gentler solution is to deflected from harms.

And there is something called the gravitational tractor beam, essentially amidst the poetic way to say that the safe I waited say it, but really you you put up a space pod out there. That has a gravitational field that attracts slowly attracts the asteroid into a slightly different orbit, and if you get their early enough, you don't have to collected by much, because that deflection, accumulates in all you need to do is Miss earth. Now, it's still out there to harm you another day, but if you get good at this, you just have you know just like you have the block protection nighttime protection for you know in the neighborhood well, you'd have the asteroid protection force and that would be protecting earth from asked or end. Jupiter protects us from most asteroids for most of the things that Haller way in from outside the solar system, comets most asked

major within the orbit of Jupiter, so Jupiter doesn't need to protect us from them, but we we would want to do it just doesn't because they their orbits, not reach Jupiter for enough to Jupiter too bad it into a new place but comets. They come from far far beyond the orbit of Jupiter Jupiters they when they come near Jupiter, they feel jupiters. Titanic gravitational field and joy. We are basically bend them into a new orbit, and so many them don't even make it passed earths orbit on its way towards the sun. I mean they took. These new orbits clears the space for our survival here on earth, and so Jupiter is our friend. It's our is our friend the text here, the bullies and the schoolyard do we know enough about other solar systems to know whether or not this is a typical set up. It was our urge given which call the cops

in principle to say that we are not special where average and if we're average than other solar systems should look like us, because the sun is kind of ever Jane. You know we're not on a little this planet or the biggest planet. You do so you make some some assumption, as the star systems came into the catalogues as our techniques in math It's to observe other planets in the solar system arose. We started to learn that our solar system is not typical, that most solar systems, most star systems, have a Jupiter size object much closer to their hosts star Then our Jupiter is so that we came away. Wild and wise are star system different from theirs, and so this a frontier, is an active frontier and no one is partner their bets on any one kind of solar system as being the most representative can and which were building the catalogue now, so so the cattle

that has seven hundred or so Exo planets in it. That's only five hundred star systems met women where now building the catalogues of the secondary tertiary planets. In the star systems that we ve already discovered. We know that a lot of binary star systems as well right where there's more than one son, oh well. First, if you look up at the night sky, almost half of all the dots of light you see, if you pull out a telescope, will reveal themselves to be binary were triple star systems. It is, it is its common as the breeze in the universe with the challenge. Here is what happens to a planet in orbit around a binary or multiple sites, system, that's the challenge and is the atmosphere stable enough to support that? That would be a concern, no matter where the planet is, but here's the challenge with a Multi star star system as the planet orbits. Maybe it'll get really close to one star really far from another.

And maybe the orbit is entangled between the two of them, trying to do figure aids that if you have an unstable orbit, you are likely to reject the planet forever into interstellar space and in fact, data are now showing the interstellar space may have more rogue planets TAT had been dejected at for having misbehaved orbits from their sources, and then there are stars within planetary systems themselves to just my fucking mind the cold road planets, no, no limit no, no, I'm just beginning here so watch. So we also know that many planets have still retained their heat of formation long after the they they have come into existence

still has he churning a source of energy that is not traceable to the sun? This is what creates the magma this sitting below earth's crust, the sun. Didn't he tat, theres heat generated within the earth. Some is left over from formation. Others is created from radioactive decaying of elements, but we ve got an energy source and our biology books from decades ago said. Life needs sunlight now, none at all, life needs energy. It doesn't care if it comes from the sun and can advance at the bottom of sea war on life, for example, the wonder Fuca Ridge off the coast of of Washington is a vent in the bottom of the ocean. That is Releasing the heat from below and an energy source

It's at the bottom of the ocean, where this, where the sun don't shine with a son, don't reach, and yet there is life form thriving their existing on a form of GEO Chemical Energy. It's got nothing to do with the sun. The fact that we ve discovered exotic life on earth has broadened the net that we have cast to space in our search for life in the universe. No longer do we need to look for the seventy two degree pond in an oxygen atmosphere, planet in our search for life, it so Goldilocks zone, where everything had to be perfect, we ve got life thriving in places that would kill us We are not the measure, the ultimate measure, of what the conditions that life requires to survive. So now that we're looking with his very

broad net. We can say to ourselves for these vagabond planets if they still have their source of energy churning within maybe there's life there, and if that's the case, the galaxy could be teeming with life and the FAO that we're focusing our search on planets around stars may simply be limiting all that we can discover in the cosmos, so these planets can essentially be spaceships. Filled with lifeforms headed our way, and they might even slam indoor slow, metaphorical, spaceships yeah and the problem is since their their homeless, there's nothing to eliminate them. So there pitch black flying a galaxy in that, if some of the heat reaches the surface, a? U can use infrared telescopes that might pick him up it. We don't. We wouldn't even know where to look ways and that the thought about the the object that they believe is somewhere outside of the keeper belt

as I say it when I Burke hyper yeah yeah, so this is astronomer, mid twentieth century who hypothesized that beyond the outermost planet, they would be so to the left overs of the solar system that didn't collect into a bona fide red blooded planet, but it should still. The residue should still be out there, because if your residue in an orbit where red blooded planet exists, you're gonna collide with our planet. Eventually, you can emerge with the planet and make the planet even bigger. This is one of the

failed criteria for PLUTO being classified as a planet, because it is in a zone in the solar system that has not cleared its orbit. It is in the keeper about in the inner edge of it. Yes, but it is it is. It is joined by countless thousands of other. I see bodies earth. Yes, we plough through crap in the inner in our orbit, but is it is that the ratio of the mass of the stuff we plough into two earths mass is like gnats flying into an elephant right that doesn't knock over the elephant. It is of no concern to the elephant, anything that could still possibly color with US earth won't even care will care kids. It affect the ecosystem, but earth. The planet is so much more massive than anything. We would ever collide with from To the end of the solar system, we have basically cleared outward it anything dangerous PLUTO has not. So that was a damning facts in the,

link that got demoted from planet, so I'm meaning that it doesn't have enough mass to attract all the other objects that are near by and needed as anything else, and so it's just the swarm of conduct the keeper belt of comments. So now, if you go beyond the keeper belt you're so far from the sun, if you're gonna talk to us, it would be through reflected sunlight, but he's so far away, nothing that we did an end. These things are really dark objects to begin with. So how did they find them? Well be hard. So it's possible! You can have a big object well beyond the piper about you just be really hard to find, and I can say with out without hesitation that if there's a huge object out there, its gravity is of no consequence to anything that's going on between us and the Carter about either just thought. It was fascinating because the idea was that there was a Jupiter size.

Planet so far outside of our solar system or what we consider our solar system that it was. It was causing some sort of gravitational effect on the carpet. Bell knows what you might be, remembering is the nemesis project. What is ok? Ok, now now. Eating you're my doom and you have to let the record show the man's eyebrows moved up into his forehead, so

There is an analysis of the extinction episodes in the history of the earth that suggested that perhaps they were episodic or periodic every sort of twenty million years or so there is a little dip in the fossil record and we said well all right. You know by the way geologist look for indicators in the fossil record in the rock record to Denmark, where one error, one period, one epoch begins and another one ends so, for example, the dinosaurs croaked The beginning, at sixty five million years ago, with the Katy boundary, it's got some other name lately. I have kept up with that, but that boundary they knew it was a boundary. So they dated they call that a different geologic zone that which followed sixty five million years ago compared to that which came before, and they did not long before they knew

what the hell happened there. We would later learned that an asteroid struck and it might have been there. Surely worrisome super volcano activity in what are called the deck and traps, and so there is a lot of bad stuff going on in the earth at that time, so it was a hostile to light. We lost seventy percent of the world's like species in that period of time right there sixty five million those devastating so much the awesome four articles, that's how we hear right, yeah in fact lowering plants so asteroids, our friend. Yes, yes, they reset the world. They ve had a fucked up. Environment was a bad neighborhood dinosaurs reality where we can, but I couldn't make it. We were just rather, we are safeguarding under foot is early rodents, yes, and we would just orders for T Rex basically, and you take them out of the echo logical niche. We can then aspire to to evolve to something more interesting than a tree, something that can consider the cat.

Verbally at so so so there was imagine that maybe there's an object out through that so far away. You can't see it, but it's on these huge looping orbit that comes by son every twenty million years, because that's the cycle of these extinction episode and if that's the case, no, it doesn't hit it has to stay around for the next cycle. So what does it do? It has a gravitational feel that perturbs these our comments and sends a rain of comets down into the inner solar system, creating impact extinctions on a cycle of every twenty million years. This was proposed back in the nineteen eighties but it's not an object that if anyone is ever seen its object whose existence was in inferred threat, war or asserted based on the record of

extinction in the fossil record of further analysis of the fossil record doesn't actually hold up this sick legal extinction pattern, it's more, it's more erratic than that, and so you can't really so it's it's evaporated as a an idea, but it was clever and an intriguing and got a lotta headlines that I think it's the same thing that I'm by what I read I when I read was from two thousand ten. It was something about the work cloud. O r T cloud yeah. That's it that's a sound work permits a swarm of comets and not quite halfway to the

you're a star, but very far out there. That is the sort of the outer reaches of the gravitational grasp of the sun. This is the guys if you go much beyond that, your gravitational legions is uncertain and you could fall into the next star rather than fall towards the sun. The guys we're on a few heard, these guys astrophysicist John Matete and Daniel Whittemore from the university Louisiana, came up with a theory. That said that something smaller than a jovian mass would not be strong enough to perform this task. They believed that there's something up to twenty five percent of them. Ok, it's four times as big as Jupiter could be responsive. For sending these objects in our direction he has used. This is just a random theory that these guys put together wasn't completely accept what they're doing what net none on others know. There's no known such object. What you'd, what people are doing and I don't fall for it, it's creative. It would make awesome science fiction storytelling. Is there something you need to explain here on earth? Somebody went extinct. There is some wave of cod

there's some observation that was never repeated. Through some thing you gotta come up with, and so you say well, we know the or cloud exists. We know you can perturb those orbits and send them careening down towards the inner solar system and those that Jupiter doesn't bad away like batting practice. Those that gets through Jupiters gravitational shield could weak havoc on earth. Yeah yeah, but that's it's it's it's it's inventing a lot explain something you don't know ran. So it's inventing more of what you don't know. That could be true to explain what you'd don't write, at which you don't have any other evidence to support. So it's fun speculation funds by The lesson was actually on that to say: oh, it's real. It must be happening. No! No! It just let someone righted good cipher story on here's, what fun about it, and this is why bring it up. Most people have talked this about this subject to me.

Many people- and I myself personally, I'm not immune to this. I find very fastening. However, how much have I looked into the actual planets that we absolutely no a real, not much, but I'm here? about this fuckin fake planet that may or may not exist? Do they might have found another planet, its idea of something hidden in mysterious, which is so compelling and attracted actually Ethel, fascinating, psychological observation. It's a weird thing. We want to believe there's something mysterious. No, we don't understand and could be there, but we don't know anything about yet Oh there's plenty of things we do know something about, but we want to know more. Why don't you help yes right and by the way the universe is far more wondrous than anything we can and imagine, and so so to say I need your creativity and of two to keep your life interesting. Now we got black.

Rules that are slaying stars layer by layer. We that do you realize that if you fall into a black hole, you will see the entire future of the universe unfold. In front of you in a matter of moments, and you will emerge into another space time created by the singularity of the black hole you just fell into he's probably the Haug and everything. So so. Let's talk about that you know why we wasting time talking about whether the Saturn five rocket, because we're fast And by shit that unproven book, mysterious shit, look I gotta broken brain is a reason for me. You want some more cool stuff Mars once had liquid running water, Coursing on its surface and Russia has geologic more as a logic, features that r r, r, r r r that the correspond in.

The way to the geologic features you see when you fly over the Mississippi River, you see you see tributaries leading to larger rivers. You see me hindering pathways. You see river deltas at the at the end of the river basin, you see, dry, Lake Beds- you see all of this, but Mars is bone dry. Today something happened to the water. We don't know what pretty sure it sunk down beneath the surface and a kind of perma frost. My point is: if any time in the past Mars had liquid running water every place on earth, this liquid running water, there is life. There is evidence to think tat. Mars was habitable with liquid running water before earthwards proceed. Then you just started up another conspiracy,

That's the Richard Hoagland group of people that believe that there was pyramids and a fail on Mars and is something that was civilization. I have something better than that that if Mars was fertile for life before earth, something we learned recently in the last ten years that asteroid impacts, counterparts, there you go, I can be strong, can be violent enough that they can fleeing surrounding rocks, with escape philosophy into interplanetary space, where they will drift until they are tracked by the gravity of some other planet, and they will then fall and land on its surface, if Mars was fertile and formed life. Microbial though it may only have been microbial life that can survive dehydration hi radiation absence of. Can we have found what we call it your files on earth? Like I

I said a moment ago that that, through I've under conditions that would kill us high pressure, low pressure, high temperature, low temperature high radiation. All of these conditions, the microbes would have encountered on Mars basic thrust into space and making their journey. Well, if that's possible- and if that's the case, then life on earth could have been seated by life on Mars. Making every life form on earth a descendant of martians. More importantly, why do we have bacteria that could survive high radiation? In the first place, business. Does that have here beneath earths, protective atmosphere, thrive, in places where the recent high radiation we have liked,

forms that can survive what that trip through space would have subject what a trip through space would have, what it would have been subjected to trip through space, so you have announced by the way life does not all the way anyone typically thinks it does not some organism. They then adapts to a new environment. No, you just die the very Asian and organisms. Allow some to thrive in conditions that would otherwise kill you and it's my genetic offspring that continue nobody Adele did to anything. Nature is selecting that subset the variation in a generation that has survival properties for that next assault and the environment, so if Mars is teeming with life and microbes are flying into the atmosphere flying into space.

As stowaways nooks and crannies of raw, then that part nation will be selected for those microbes that can survive that journey through space? Does a planet need any sort of an atmosphere in order to support life or the just need water. All we know is what can support life as we know it right. I don't know if we're inventive enough to invent other kinds of life form, but life as we know it requires liquid water, because that that is allows nutrients to move through our vessel that we, all our bodies and right on down to micro organisms. We all thrive and use liquid water and we need a a heat source and, more specifically, a heat gradient, that's to be a place where there's more energy in one place, then, somewhere else. When you have a great aunt, then you can create and sustain life as we know it. Without that, there's no known-

to do it, so the entropy laws work against you to make life. So so your point is that these it's possible that organisms could be good. Going even on asteroids, then o o I see your point: why do we need an atmosphere, yeah well late? Recent evidence suggests that possibly more than half of the mass of biology, the Bio Mass of earth lives in thrives beneath the surface, not on its surface. If that's the case, what's going on in the atmosphere is relatively irrelevant if you're thrive deep within a knook and cranny of Iraq with my mile down, you know: don't they have some air yeah yeah, there's some air, but you know it's not cycling what's going on in our air, you know so the rules become broader right, orbed word or altered

what you would presume the life requires, so to talk about a planet being habitable. We should no longer think only of what the surface of the planet supplies. We need to think more broadly about what could go on deep within its surface as what we're pretty sure, they're no large macroscopic organism lumbering around like a journey to the centre of the earth of Jules Verne where they're gonna creatures down there. You know not hollow earth yeah hollow worth. No, there's no evidence that we have huge creatures. The pressures and the behaviour of material doesn't allow there to be huge. Cavities that haven't over the billions of years completely been filled in when it's a huge. I mean you know hundreds of miles Marge now that the system would collapse into that rapidly and you can get smaller carried like Carlsberg, caverns that sort of thing, but

nothing. You now staggeringly large. Now, when you consider all the possibilities for life in the universe which are in almost infinite right, yeah, probably more ways to make life, then we haven't thought of than the way to make life. That is that we know of here on earth at which would just not imagine

if we just don't. You know I am reminded of. If I get a little literate on you for a moment in the late eighteenth century, there's a book published called Cosmo Ferris by Christian Huggins, and he was he was upon him ass. If he was great and math and physics in biology, he wrote a book exploring what life might be like on all the planets and listen to this reasoning. This is his own harry's. He said Jupiter roads, clear. It's got an atmosphere because, through a telescope you see bands of gas moving across its surface with it has an atmosphere than lifeforms. There would probably exploit that atmosphere. The way we do because it has an atmosphere. It means it probably has rain because we get rain out of at our atmosphere. If it has rain, it must have oceans. If it has oceans, they must need a means for gather for travelling.

So they would build ships with sails. If those ships have sales, they would need rope, so they probably have hemp is so this was obviously extrapolation to an extreme right, but just it analyzer for one split. Second, every supposition was founded rooted in what we do is humans and there's no greater hubris than to presume that what we find somewhere else would be just like us are act just like us we have the same needs is us. I was felt that way about, or even have the same number of senses as us. They could have fewer. They could have more think about how much of our lives influenced? How much of our society is built on? services that bring pleasure to our sense of our sense of touch. We can go, you go get a massage. There

again. Our our sense of taste there is food brought to its high cuisine, ran our sense of here it we we make beautiful music, our sense of sight. We made great art, so much of what we do is to satisfier five traditional senses and imagine if we had ten cents twenty. I have a theory that called the FARC principle. I have no understanding of how that principle could relate to this, but I'm all ears with this is why, if you did not have enough, and you could live your whole life without a sense smell in the year, two thousand toilets very possible if you'd. If someone foreign in front of you, you have no idea that this terrible gas is year, inhaling its you know you wouldn't have that, since the smell of so you could exist and not have any idea of gases. Invisible. Ok, that's a bad example and I'll tell you watch, examine Ottawa could be alien life form all around us all. The time that we don't have the sense to like it's like. Were

I can't see show European authority. We can start to think so. First, it's! good example, in the sense that no pun intended in the sense that without Who knows what senses we're missing and therefore, who knows what there is to measure in our world around us that we are completely missing right right, get back to that in a minute regarding your FARC theory. Yes, here's the problem, the theories of for fear of Eurostat is only getting peer review. Is the right thing to call it to its legitimate hypothesis. Thank you. It's out on the table now here you go. You ready, smile ass. One of the active ingredients in the smell of reform is hydrogen sulfide. It turns out hydrogen sulfide. These extremely lethal is one of the most lethal gases that exists. Why do we have

such a good sense of smell for that. Why do we smell other get weren't? We smell nitrogen? Well, we don't need to smell nitrogen, because it's not going kill us because it seventy percent of what you bleed. Anyway, we have evolved a hyper sensitive. Sense for the smell of hydrogen sulfide, if it if there was a general, if you gave birth to some who said hydrogen sulfide smells beautiful and let's smell more of it. Let's get canisters of it. They're dead, ten minutes later no longer able to propagate the gene that, like the smell of hydrogen sulfide, we had, to not like that smell. Otherwise we will not have survived the by the way. There's a sulfide these a by product of, the

the digestive activity of anaerobic microbes, That's. Why comes at a lower intestine? not only with a son. Don't China where oxygen doesn't exist, the microbes thrive down there there and a robot and hydrogen sulfide as one of their byproducts. It has been fear eyes that serbian places and times on earth, where the ocean currents stopped and when ocean currents. Stop oxygen at the surface of the ocean, never makes it to the bottom, so you can't sustain oxygen lifeforms at the bottom of the ocean, there are no fish, they wouldn't be any fishes down there. If the ocean currents stopped because the ocean currents not only go from one place to another in the world, they circle they circulate top to bottom I chose a two dimensional thing going on three dimensions. Actually, so so, if

something happens on earth. We stop the oceanic cycles. You can create a condition. In the lower ocean where anaerobic lifeforms thrive and if they thrive, they out gas and one of the outcasts as these hydrogen sulfide. It will gurgle up from the bottom of the ocean rise up near the shore. Turning shorelines into the smell of cesspools. If you were alive at the time and didn't run away from that, you would have simply died from that is all well and good. Therefore, that no one knows theory that, if we didn't have a knows, we can all just fart we didn't have a knows. We wouldn't have noticed hydrogen sulfide and

which would not have survived it and some other creature. Would we have in this interview right now? I do not agree with you and disagree with you at the same time and some years why what you're saying involves real people and real life adaptation to our environment is what I'm talkin about is aliens that just like farts. That's why you gave me a crazy long, winded, really in depth explanation, but you still don't described the possibility that, just like the sense of smell it exists, but it is invisible. There could be many things around us that are also invisible, but we have not developed any means to detect. You were being metaphorically worker life. I weren't you,

Why are you being metaphorical with your father? S got boxes, eying live when no one would have had to heaven and earth. Pardon I over analyze, you'd right wing rightly will hear you pleaded tat school. It was cool, oh by the way. One global warming scenario is the currents. Yes, you see the day after tomorrow to see that unbelievably here, um yeah, the other one was was that went to send those yogurt who was bad when it was the cancer baby and everybody else is dead outside, but there she's survive and with cancer babyish gonna stay there. For the kid me, one hundred billion people are dead. So now I gotta rags. Also then get back to your nose. Your partner is crazy. Ignore gets now here's why you're, probably not right, was definitely not right

look, it's a ridiculous idea and on and on and on and off, but there's a reason why you're, probably not ok, ok because, beginning in the sixteen hundred, we learned that our senses are not only they not only fool us they and occasionally dont work. They are not all that the universe tells us is that they are not. They don't have the capacity to recognise all that's going on in the universe.

Only in a microscopic love. That's my point, that's my point. So in the early sixteen hundred two important advances at lake fifteen hundred you had the invention of the microscope and he had the invention of the telescope. This is really the first steps to enhance our senses beyond what our human biology, in doubt, a swift, and upon doing so, we discovered things about the world. That were previously oblivious to us. We discovered knows farts when Louie, when Leeuwenhoek brought his telescope his microscope to a drop of hot water, and saw what we were called anaemic fuels. What we're going to call the little things Permission protest so thriving in a drop of water That was a nose for it can keeping with your vocabulary that with something that

previously. No one had any idea was there, and my point is beginning in sixteen hundred and with an ever improving march forward. The methods and tools of science have served to enhance our senses. Increase our senses increase the range of our answers. But more importantly, give us hope. Kinds of sense is that your five senses could have never even imagine that our human biology couldn't even approximate. So as so, what's an example yeah, we don't have sensors to detect magnetic field at all That's why you can sit in a MRI chamber and sit there, and you know so Dixie and you have no idea. The strength of the main Eddic feel that's being cast across your body. We don't have centres for it. You don't have sensors for radio were radio waves. What the.

The difference there is. We do have sensors for one aspect of the electromagnetic spectrum. We have sensors for infrared, visible and delayed sense for ultraviolet sent me out. That's very loud and creative ringtone, just like mine on the fact that Greece aren't dangerous. He goes over here. Though that visor allowed him to see the entire school starts, I got it. I had to go there. Just and we we have access to some of that and we call that for obvious reasons, visible light, right, but outside of the range of visible light. You have ultra violet x rays, gamma rays, radio, waves microwaves. So yes, we can't see radio waves, but that would just be an extension of our senses in the way Jordi and STAR Trek. The next generation had his visor

though, that visor allowed him to see the entire school starts, I got it. I had to go there just cause. I have at my sideburns or STAR Trek Cyber, so he puts it will heed the debt eyes are enabled him to see the entire electromagnetic spectrum. If we were thusly equipped, you'd walked down, the street Microwave towers would be ablaze with microwaves, and you too, into a sort of ultra violet and if you you'd, think twice about going to the beach, because that's the stuff that gives you skin cancer, specially people with lighter skin, if you, if you want to see will would be examined, want to see if there's a burglar entering your house just shift over the infrared. If the burglar is warm blooded, they will show even if all the lights are like the predator. Exactly exactly is another way to detect The light so so we have some science has broadened our senses and given

sense, is that our human biology could not have even thought of or invented so the notion at this day and age that something is happening on this tabletop that is eluding us, I think, is just simply unlikely, because we're so good now at finding things previously escaped our notice right in front of us right now that frontier is at the energy extremes of the CERN accelerator in Switzerland that frontier is at the James Web space telescope. Where we're going to look at the released formation of matter in the history of the universe? These are extremes of our measurements of nature. Today, the biological limitations of human beings, the birth and the death in the fact that we are all born and we I do we apply those to the universe for reason doing

Oh that there was a birth is, that is at a hundred percent sure that it before the big bang there was no. But there was something rather do we know that we are so we don't know we don't what happened before the big bang. So that's my first and high level answer to you. That doesn't mean some people. Don't have some creative, ideas, but the only real answer is we don't know and we have top people working on it. So now some of the creative ideas are quantum physics, which is the most successful theory of physics there ever was. Quantum theory tells us that the early universe may have been a fluctuates and in the laws of physics allowing other fluctuations at the same time so that we are but one bubble of many comprising an infinite set of bubbles.

Serving the retrospectively obvious name: Multiverse the Multiverse theories scare, the multi Worse and so, if there's a multi verse, then then, which is one bubble: This multiverse adjust churning them out some of them by the way who, by we're on a one way, expansion trip other universe, She's the laws of physics might be slightly different with a condition. The initial conditions might be slightly altered from ours and it would expanded and we collapse, they have a big squeeze. The end, some universes, my Crete, might be created without any matter at all. She have a universe with no one to contemplated. We happened the universe where the matter and energy within it assembled and achieved consciousness. So a universe where there is no matter at all, but its infinite and self com. Prize like it is at a university. I can't get here from there, but that we know of but

they gotta be away. We might be able inventor Multiverse transport kit, are you leave your universe and enter another, but I don't recommend because if there is a lot, it's if the laws of physics or even slightly different the charge on the electron, the the mass of the neutron. If any of these are slightly different than everything that hold you together, all the physical laws that come together to make you, including all the forces of nature, they would just completely collapse in the existence

stepped into the zone of this other universe, where they take on some other former shape that we can even imagine so yeah I wanted. I you know, that's when used you flip its send an approach or something but yet send yourself. So that's a joke about this half seriously that if an alien comes to visit, I want to make sure in advance that there are not made of anti matter. So I flew from occurring in the catch it if they dont explode together, annihilation, then I'll shake their heads somewhere in matters. I welcome to earth, wouldn't explode just touching the ground, then what they might have hovered a guy. You know I don't like to replace their touching the atmosphere which is matter so so

if I meet him in space, let's say so afraid of antimony shake hands, everybody dies you completely and I went to ease. So that's what happens in our own universe. Imagine some other universes, no telling how our laws of physics would interact with each other, so you asked which, before the universe, it may be the multiverse. But now now we point a finger. You nervous, so there's there's good these cogent physics, reasons to think that there's a multiverse in quantum physics takes us. There there's also good philosophical reason to think that there is a multiverse, because in our experience, discovering the cosmos, the universe never makes anything in ones. When we thought earth is it, no earth is just one of many other pliable dishonest spend. Our son is one of a hundred billion stars in the galaxy the milky way.

In another hundred billion another galaxies in the Universe bow the universe. Well, we ve been there for I am I going to say, there's one universe: I'm a little. I'm alternately, isn't there just one universal and will give us consisting of billions and billions of infinite gets there so out so watch the vocabulary. So we have this universe, but I don't want to think there's when universe, because the trend line says differently, so maybe there's this multiverse well, that's just continues to push the question a little deeply if the universe never makes if this, if the this entity never makes anything in ones Then, why would only make one multiverse takes us price? So then again, so maybe there are multiple multi versus okay. So,

that would so thin and then it's you know turtles all the way down as they say so so we like I said we don't have a handle on it yet, but we have we solve other origin problems because what started this was your question about birth and death? the time and we don't know how their earth began. We have a good idea of that now and how are they have the moon foreign, but got that how the sun formed Get that no, we weren't around five billion years ago to watch it, but you don't need to be the very clever way, is to know what happened in the past. Geologist have been doing it, but you know ever since the field was born. You have there's a there's, a record writ for geologists in the raw. Telling you where they been, what temperature they were exposed to and how long they ve been sitting there. We look at the sun. No, we can't go back in time with it, but we can look at other stars. We we look out in the galaxy there, so many stars, but That's some being born, but catching others dying were catching some in orbit.

And each other and we're seeing some don't exist anymore, They're like reaches us. They ve already faded out. They'll, be some of them that in fact, at this instant do no longer exist and that information has yet to reach is in that that's insane by the way that happen several hundred times a year. We observe what are called Supernova Yet ours that asked you about stars that explode. We watch them explode and we take them from when we see them explode, but how they did. Loaded long ago, depending on their distance. If they are found light years away, they exploded. Thousand years ago there was you had no knowledge of it. Until today, there is a fantastic documentary on hyper nervous it was so mind boggling because they went back to the birth of the discovery of Hyper Novo's. And when they initially we're theorizing than it was warfare in a space s I'll tell you what that story was so in the nineteen Seventys after the United States and Russia, the Soviet Union signed a surface test ban treaty where you couldn't test nuclear weapons on earth. Surface

We in others the old military, Credo trust but verify we saw it scientists treaty, but we're going to keep an eye on you so, we got together the engineers and the physicists, and we may make my brethren of the day invented a telescope of a kind of detector that was sensitive to gamma rays. That's one of these bans and the electromagnetic spectrum, the highest energy ban, for which we have a word to describe it gamma rays, the way. That's what the doctor banner was exposed to that made out. Don't you think, I'm not aware be green and ugly so act, that's not actually what would happen to you if we expose them but will give the comics the scientific latitude Oh so you have this sets up. So what happens so they launch this detector and you know seven, eight, nine ten times a week, this this satellite, with this detector on board to textbook,

still galleries and the Pentagon scrambled, and they said we know what's what's going on, are they actually detonating these weapons and they looked at like other satellite secondary tertiary information, so we any was silent. There was no evidence of any nuclear testing at all, and that was the birth. That day to the day of the publication of that paper that reported on these daily burst. That was the birth of the field. Of Astrophysics called Gamma Ray astronomy, and we now have other gallery telescopes out their studying these. They are explosions and it happening at the edge of the universe, and these are the sort that this their sources are, what you, what the hyper Novi we needed a word bigger than supernova, when these are the biggest explosions known in the universe. And so we call them Hyper Novi and the amount of power produced by a hyper nova. Oh yeah, its extraordinary what

What matters more than that it's a lot of power is that its very focused becomes out into beams one in one direction and one in the other, and if we have- being the beam. That's done wrong doings it. Yet if there were a hyper, we anywhere in our galaxy everybody's. In the entire gouty and it was being towards earth we're toast, Rowan figure to literally ladders. Your head around that kid's there's a hundred billion stars at least right in this Gallagher. Most I mean a hybrid, always very special and rare kind of star, and we times a day we win win in the universe. Yeah no eight hundred times a week at times a week between seventy one times a week once a day in the entire universe. So so so that that's too, but that tells you how rare it is it takes a hundred fifty to one hundred billion galaxies each with a hundred billion stars to give you ate of these are weak.

Yeah, so, oh by the way, is an interesting way that this will render us toast. So the first rave gamma rays will take our ozone layer, those absorbs high energy radiation. That's what protects us from its, what absorbed most of the ultra violet from the sun. Otherwise, the ultra Vires is hostile to life, to life on the surface, and we would be life as we know it. If, without this ozone, Here on earth, so so it, but you can overrun the ozone layer. The ozone is actually it's o three right. The air you breathe has bowed to the molecule Otis ozone is both three and ultra violet. Photon comes in slams into three breaks it apart into open. So too there you go it. It took the the ultra violet light out of the out of the picture. It's gone! That's why protects us? Ok, so

If there's a gallery burst more high energy photons will hit us. Then there are oath, three molecules in our ozone layer. So they all hit and they break apart. The o threes and it's like the first wave of of. Cat. What are the cavalry? Who the first ones on in the battle? the forensic all shot up right, I mean it old fashioned bout, a runner. They get shot up. Ok, the first way comes in which protects us from some of it,

But an overall runs the ozone layer, the rest come in and basically start breaking apart. The molecular the complex molecules that exist on surface. That's, how high energy the light is and generally we think of life, is complex chemistry and the most complex form of chemistry we know, and so we would not survive that there would be an extinction episode for all life on earth and what now, if you, you, can borrow underground, Debbie cool go there now, I know you're hurt rather just stop think. Yes, it's too much to ask to survive something rather beer get out you launch here. Watch. Does it doesn't seem like anything you want to survive. It seems like you, the sort of give in to the reality that the greater good of the universal be fine, it's time for the rats and approaches to rise up enough or whatever It's like our own consciousness, is so strung up on the idea of staying in this form. You know of physically alive and keep

thing whatever this is going because of our IVO instincts, it really sort of confuses dilutes. The whole idea perception that the universe itself is not just infinite, but infinitely fractal yet well know the average life expectancy of a mammal species This is about three million years and I'm sure there's some of us out there who are thinking that will live for billions of years and then Planet hop in STAR Hop, and then their people are saying, but we better learn how to terror form Mars, because earth is about to be completely messed up and those folks, I think, are misguided in there in their think. Can I tell you weren't sharply not who doesn't want to tariff for Mars? Ok, that's all they got an answer. They didn't. You know one another planet to visit, to be fun

location, vacation spot. I have no issues, but don't do that because you want another place to live to escape. The fact that we are destroying our own earth did the environment in the oceans and the atmosphere. Here's why it's very simple argument: if we have the power to convert Mars into something looks like earth. Then we have the power to fix our cushions alone, oceans and our own atmosphere. He writes right. If you see they have our of GEO Engineering. To leave the planet, your arm, turn another wanted to earth and move their fix earth. Yes, it seems like a decisive step in the stage of innovation. As long as human beings have access to energy, we're going to figure out how to get energy from pollution and get energy from there's gonna be with with dead the massive amounts of progress that has been made just in the last two hundred years. I would like to describe to people if they really have a hard time rapid ahead around it the two hundred years ago. If you wanted to picture something you how to draw it subtle,

Look at that. A great great observation: it's such a small amount of time that a massive amount stuff has happened, and if you stop and think about what were capable of like man who know me, I dont the answer to overpopulation. I don't know the answer, but I do know that I would have never figured out wifi on my own. No one can never figured out how to send a satellite signal who the fuck even understands, what's going on when you get online, you just think about what s going on in their cars gps right. So it's talking to a satellite and mixing your location on earth surface, with information that in the later versions of it in your car, updated from the about what direction the traffic flows on a street you happen to be driving on and whether the Duncan doughnuts is open yeah Islamists, there's money in fixing the environment. We're gonna fix environment. Well, that's it outlines. The trick is to make it so that people can actually find some benefit

and I'm gonna capitalist freak economy. That's that's the driver of it all. Pushes things in it, it also, you know it leaves a lot of bullshit in its wake and a lot of pollution and problems that it means. I hope we figured out before we eat up the rain forest, a really do, but We don't. We could problem making new rain forest one day we could probably figure out a civilian means, a fucked up way to look at things like figure. It out, don't worry, but I think that do when gloom analysis of were doomed? There's no way we're gonna go we're gonna run out of food. I think that's kind of a silly way. I look at it too. If it seems to me that if you Fly over the United States alone, God is a lot of do shit oath, correct and if you, to do some shit on the moon or on Mars. You can't do it Nevada as well. In illegal fines, Utah nobody's there and you can put up a dome and Some vegetable, although happened of earth keeps warming. So the news that last year is by far the longest that the warmest year ever by far two thousand and twelve,

where monsieur on earth so did want warmest year. For since, when I do I Didn'T- need the full deaf to the article. But certainly the warmest on record rang warns that we, keeping right. It is not only on the earth has been, but not, since, like Jurassic right, went on, another alone are not in any time that that simulation it- and I have been concerned about this- and So if that's unstoppable, for whatever reasons political, cultural, economic, whatever, what that will do is simply redraw the map of what is mobile and what is not in the world. So we live in an arnica. You find it a little redistribute where, where we think of as the heartland

the wheat, while we know about- and we know now about Greenland and underneath all that, I suggest that don't wait. I agree the climate that once was gap where there was a day when earth had no ice balls and note no ice caps at all where there was a day just fifteen. Sixteen thousand years ago that half of North America was covered in nice we suggest fifteen thousand China crazy. I assume that in the very heart of the universe, yeah that was our daily lives and there's good heavens to say the earth's had Enderley Earth had was a complete snowball where the ice caps we're so large that the North ice cap met the South ice cap at the equator and its whole snowball her. When was this very cool, I forgot the exact time that they ve been its geologists plus.

Some. But if you look at the history of the Son of the sun, was always the same temperatures. You have two fold that into what's going on earth at the time and what the Greek, the state of the greenhouse effect is on earth, because that also influences the the tracking the how hot high temperature is verses. What earth is doing with the energy it received when you're snowball most of earth? that the sun's light is reflected rather than absorbed, see that and so that I can get a runaway snowball dry. So the ice caps grow a little bit, and this is where this is like global plan, change in the other direction, the wayward right it grows a little bit and then less sunlike its absorbed by the earth, because ices white, and so it freezes up a little more, oh and then even less sunlight gets kept, and then it freezes up a little more. So we can a runaway ice ball

just as you can ever run away greenhouse, that's incredible! That's it! That's interesting that that these two possibilities exist and the the glacier is when they melt and they create water and the water access are reflected in the it goes to the water melting glaciers quicker. So, for example, if there are any similar if their greenhouse gases dissolved in the rocks or in the oceans and they're happy and nobody's disturbing them then. You maintain your atmospheric temperature and the energy balance of sunlight, hitting the earth, some getting absorbed, others getting other other parts getting reflected, but if your tip that balance by the way that can shift that's, not it like a razor edge balance, I mean there's slop in there Restorative forces exist, but if you go outside of what a restorative force can give you

Then you overrun the capacity to bring you back to any place where you once were, and then you get a runaway phenomenon and so you heat and when you hear something it out gases right. If you eat your soda, the co2 comes out of it. It doesn't stay in. That's why we like drinking cold, carbonated beverages. So if you hear earth then, and greenhouse gases are are dissolved within it, then you start releasing those greenhouse gases that makes earth. Ten, even more heat makes it harder and it makes it hotter. Even more greenhouse gases come out, and so you can imagine a situation. We have a runaway greenhouse where everything goes really hot. Is that where we're at no as everyone, do not let alone will not run earth has been this hot before and recover from it over timescales much longer than anybody's life's lifetime. That's another problem here. Right earth has been much harder than is it just was much harder

for humans are muddle the young and ordinary, yet before human history, and so we have great evidence for this, so the issue is not will earn survive. It is whether we as we have set up culture and civilisation and economies, and it's all been set up, assuming a certain constancy of the conduct of nature, and if we now become force in that natures equation, creating cycling, a phenomenon that would normally have taken ten thousand or a hundred thousand years, and we doing it on a scale of centuries, then we better be prepared to face consequences. Much like your analogy of the clouds in a time lapse fashion, the idea of living by the beach would be so fucking ridiculous. If you ever saw the

the actual like panacea change into calling it an incentive to last week's that's. Why would you live near the water? What are you crazy? That's eighty percent of our population, Rackliff yeah yeah yeah, on because cities are based typically near water, supporting sources on river mouser. We're transportation was useful. In the days before a real, live in New York City Manhattan, lower Manhattan. You concerned about, like Sandy and the impact that it had to use my flooded zone. A inornate was four blocks from me from Amazon which were zone see. I walk for block five blocks away, ocean tire, underground parking garages were flooded. Cars were bobbing out up out of the exit doors of these parking garage. Have you that about Utah or maybe perhaps not all rather mountains, because if you planned for the end of the world are going or you're going, I'm gonna call you up. Dude, you better be straight.

May we went to high. I gotta tell ya Cute story, a friend of mine, written Denzil, whose whose planetary astronomer He also created the risk scale for judging the likelihood of an asteroid that recently recently been discovered. Heat creates the risk gale that will tell you the likelihood of that hitting earth. Ok. Now he and I like to drink wine when we're together, so he has so if, if he's thinking that an asterisk gonna come one day, what's the Firstly, you ask him about his wine collection was the first thing. I ask him what he can drink. That's exactly what bottle of wine or you have that you gonna pull the day. You know the asteroids right, so he was thinking. Maybe he could attach a little a little a sensor behind that bottle: ok, those into my place and other friends of his sword. If he poem the written word starts luxury you know, because he would be the first to know this

write, his calculation they get sent to the media that get sent to the press. Speaking calculations, I have to talk to you about the conversation that you had was. Is the men demands? Claude, Shannon was at the guy, knows drugs, but what is important I'm trying to remember what the scientists name that was discovering. That was talking to you about the discovery of computer

sin computer oh Jim, gave us Jim the professor Jim's Jim Gates are, there is to be a faster physics at University, Maryland Ouch Park, correcting computer code found in the computations of quantum physics what the fuck this up me yeah. So he found an item claim expertise in everything he said. I had him on a panel. We have an annual an annual event at the American Museum of Natural history. That's my day, job there as a director, the Hayden Planetarium and once a year we have this panel and I bring on my colleagues

who are active on the bleeding frontier of some topic and I put em on stage and we all just fight about whose right or is there enough data rang, whereas it should. I believe you should I not, and so is the annual Isaac Asthma panel debate and is designed to to expose an aspect of science that the public hardly ever sees that you

We see that the perfectly written paper and the news report on and everything is tightly discovered. They don't see the bloody bleeding edge where the fisticuffs come out, and so on this particular case, he Jim Gates discovered that there is a certain in our representation of the universe: quantity. Yes, yes, and in in the way we have come to understand the universe and our methods and tools deep down within that is necessary, a code writ in zeros and ones. That is a particular kind. Of error, checking algorithm that we invoke daily in the movement of data from one system to another. As a Czech, some error, you may have seen that in an error code. If every time an error dump happens on your screen,

Go looking you'll see that were checks on multiple places. Its one word checksum and its awaited It's like the idiot check on. Did this book of data get through this portal right? So you know you looking up that sort of the grass thing you can check for how many total bits where I don't know if they the right bits, but I know how many total bit should have come. So let me check for them so that the kind of thing you do in a check them. So he asserts that this exists deep within what we need to represent the operations of nature at its deepest most fundamental levels. It is the matrix writ deep, and so so I so that's so I

I was astonished by this and I paused and actually does a Youtube video of me in Terry last him yeah, I'm interrogating, em and, and now I dont know that had seen peer review, yet I've gotta times a friend of mine, so I can just call him up, but for for you start getting excited about it or bent out of shape or about it or disturbed about it. Wanted to see peer review and that the level of expertise in that analysis is above my pay scale. So it's gotta go to peers who do exactly that kind of mathematical physics, and if they come out with a consensus agree. Then I'm good to go off and invest more energy and coming to understand it, but for every correct idea of how the universe works, there's hundreds and in some cases thousands of ideas that end up in the trash been of creative thinking, and so so I have to allocate my energies and

The night my budget of time, and so is intriguing and am happy to know that it exists, but to take it beyond that in an wax philosophically poetic about it. Maybe overbear at a bar, but no not not in an actual setting where I'm talkin about science. So its or maybe when your own, for this great, it's great fun, for now? Yeah conversation when you think you're being deep right when you Don't you can't trail tar sand talk about computer simulation, you delete the universe is on a hard drive. The multi verges on a backup drive like a raid dry. With the back of drives automatic right. That's why doesn't have all the information is the same universe, because it only takes the base. Silicon, like back he's gonna

you don't listen, I will propose some things. Will ruin your brain? The the computer simulation theory is been bandied about, a bunch of different forms and the idea being that one day we will have infinite amounts, processing power and we will be able to create a reality that is indiscernible from this reality and once that is done, how Well, we know when wherein it and could we be in right now. This is sounds more high. Shit nonsense, but this is being bandied about by some the smartest people on the planet, yeah. I remain unconvinced of what I've read and you turn about basically Kurtz, while in the USA, clarity, no not necessarily but its folds in some sort of, because it requires the acceptance that the day will come when computing power and our storage power, because its growing exponentially with more is law. You know doubles every eighteen months or so incapacity and speed and in all the metrics that matter when you're doing

when you're in information technology, the hypothesis that one day we can just upload our entire brain into a computer or computer, can stimulate your brain. Some fundamental way than what we need you for. If we can now just simulated feet up here and allay the actors version of that, is they just digitize your body in every angle, doing everything What do we need you for exactly that they don't and we need to get rid of most actors I need to be less or I don't think the actors unionist is happy about they can suck at their unnecessary humans. For the most part, some of them are beautiful, need for every Samuel Jackson. He got a million douche bag tat reality, so that flawed institution. Would you say that Blue singly says: loose cigarettes, our Stephen Door, If you see those add on approve this, didn't all love letters, a broad spectrum of intelligent life on this planet itself. You see the add for blue cigarettes. It's a black and white and we're Stephen Dwarf is telling you how cool it is

smoke electronic cigarettes. It's the second she is commercial- that's ever existed. The first is Brad Pitt, Chanel Number, five commercial. Have you seen that have only seen stills and all of you want to know my dumber person, if you show you can make it dumber nodded slightly dollar like one millionth of one. Said dumber our. I'm just was shown that will end with stupidity. Listen you you're a brilliant person. Thank you very much for not just being here, but for what you do you know, even MRS Rogan was excited that you are on the possible. Nor can we not it's big on sizes. You could tell she wants real time our national Smuggle one out under blindfold see outside. I can do your your passion for knowledge and your passion for distributing, and it's so infectious and so fascinating, and I got a lot of twitter messages today about you coming on and a lot of em we're from people who said that ignited their passion for science and you made

and pursue specific career goals and got to the assembly message about he's an engineer. I became an engineer because it listening to you I'm deeply appreciative of that, but let me pose that and let me analyze at in a slightly different way. I already know that the universe is an extraordinary place, but not everyone else does so part of what I do is serve as a conduit between the curiosity in our culture that is embedded there. Even if you forgotten it because I know it's within, because it's their enormous, when were children a k, a euro bad might have? No. No. So how sometimes I do is part the curtains for people to recognise the awesomeness of the universe. That is there with or without me. Will you have a beautiful way of looking at and I really appreciate your humility in that in that respect, but that perfect storm of

personality and knowledge is very rare, and I just appreciate you for being who you are, and I thank you very much of the unconscious say. You know why I'm away now, because we're worked beginning to shoot Applause in the corner? Quickly, we are, we are creating the next generation Cosmo's Yang for censure Ass, the Carl Sagan I wanted them all over, but it's that was from nineteen eighty. It's been thirty three years so we're doing now to be another. This thirteen episodes its Cosmos space time Odyssey yes, as well knows not previously have a hugely larger market exposure because he's going to appear likely in prime time, but we're not sure that yet, but it's going Fox holy shit far such wrong. Those dahlia amazing God, that's so good Seth Macfarlane, whose our to broker he D brought us to Fox. I became a latter day, friends with him and he's a fan of cosmos and he loves Carl Sagan he's.

My work, he ain't, gonna, wait till you, it's out of the powers of the council was conversations. I've had within perhaps councillors conversation because if he came to me and I gotta talk to you I saw I was having once we have what she asked me all these questions about the big Bang and the cosmic microwave background in the early diverse and I say: ok, you're! U good now have good and in three months

there's an episode with stool. He went back to hang and I get a full card credit at the science adviser. No, I was like lunchtime entertainment format. It was like sides adviser episode, one of the greatest sittings about creating this pact, as has been the opportunity to have this kind of conversations I could never corral do said. He may I know the compensate the guy who coastal you have seen. Fear factor want to sit down here for three hours ago, so that do not get shit do. But the fact that I could pick your brain for this low. The fact that you even have this curiosity and its in youth nurtured it in your fan base is great, so great. To be honest, thanks, I really really appreciate it and you can file Neil on Twitter. It's an I l, Thyssen on Twitter and follow me Fox, and let us show some love please. Thank you very much for being here thanks, everybody for all the messages on Twitter and Facebook in all the various comedy shows speaking up.

This weekend this Friday night, two shows here at a thousand Pasadena. Eight thirty entered ten thirty with Irish. I fear you come and you want. You want might not be around for my life imposing wonder, but me and our you'll be there and will probably have some other local guys whoever's in town, I think counts in town, get him to come by, but we're here we're can have a good fuckin time. Thank you very much for coming by and watching our, cast thanks to on it for sponsoring it go to an end. I t use the code name broken and save your health, ten percent off any and all supplements. Also thanks to death Squad Dog TV, though the Brian Red Ban Empire and go, air and you can buy one of those cool cat t shirts, and you can also find out what podcast he has won. The gonna be there and what which shows the have come up as well, always great comics, great, a lot of votes.

Previously unknown local guys that brain gives a shot at the exposure and really good, really good, comics and tonight after this part gases over, he has one of my favorite broadcast on the internet today, its pointless with Kevin Pereira and that be also available only on death squad on Itunes and whose the yesterday We guide MIKE Mike Kevin prayers. Here, ladies and gentlemen, sire Page is this: I guess it's over. Go fuck yourself, we'll see you soon. We love the shit out of me. I love you more than you have yourself in the multi virus benches.