I guess it's very thought this show we wanted to. Let you know we ve got a really exciting guest on today we were written vote. Recording with this person is a new up and coming comic and creative talent could see. even fry, who you have not heard of him well I think you will have in a couple of years he's new on the scene. Oh okay, well, that's very exciting and he has this new book out, which is called heroes. It's a fantastic book. It's all about the greek hero, so Jason and Hercules Slash, Herrick and Pegasus Call these familiar characters but written in the incredible comic wits and styling it's of Stephen FRY really funny it's fantastic for kids, if you're an adult who just wants to revisit these stories, I highly recommend it there. You that's heroes by Steve fry and then please do also by book of the year by us and we, just say this is a special, extended version of the podcast, because Stephen had so much to say, and we wanted to hear it, we figured you guys would want to hear it, and so,

enjoy this episode of no such thing as a fish plus. Okay, on with the show the hello and welcome to another episode of no such thing as a fish, a weekly podcast, coming to you from the QR offices in Covent Garden. Dan Schreiber. I am sitting here with amateurs in Andrew Hunter, Murray, James Harkin and a special asked and the man who gave us the name, the key. Why else it's Stephen for I am once again, we have gathered round the microphones with our for favorite facts from the last seven days and in no particular order. Here we go starting with you Steven alright, I have effect here. There was a make of toilet paper in Victorian England that was so posh every sheet. Add a watermark to deter counterfeiters that he was so positive, wouldn't have been called toilet paper

Remember? Toilet as is the word posh to invent it was probably make love to paper, was a classic it'd be a watermark, but anyway that's the point. Does that tell us about the Victorians in the bathroom habits? I wonder if the revolutionary well, this is the first toilet paper. Salt lavatory paper, Swanson, was used before that, then whenever the stories of dangerous ones, next goose net coin- cops, I think, are mentioned, but I just want to say, for example, this is what nineteenth century, so this was well after, for example, Jane Austen died. So what are the regent see? entry, or does the middle classes having with Dial Connemara Jane Austen, using a conquered this autumn I say, Dolly nice. I front she's lane, which is weird cause holes in it, but they did

many Middle EAST and customers the hand with swords used, and that's why you didn't use the can lead to the shit and, if I may say so, young candid and it's interesting. I dunno many people of what's been Jackson's, reconstruct shouldn't have recovered possession of some of that extraordinary Imperial WAR Museum First World WAR footage, and they may remember, seeing this men perched on a bar having a poo with a bottle instead of hanging over yes, is reminded one obviously of the the very everyday nature of war includes, naturally the very everyday nature of emptying the bowels and there I think one of the comments was from it from him, the veteran speaking that there was if the paper so do our grandfathers and great grandfathers who fought in that war and survive would have all had that same experience, and we don't talk about. It was the white. x. Was that

answered the veto on its not did you think that I thought you would read it and then wipe about what they see as they see fit a very happy one. So there is a first where water pipe a fact, which is that both sides printed toilet paper with propaganda on it so the Germans issue, cheese with a series of lying reports by our enemies and british manufactures did the same thing, Among the other sites like this, just as you said, just veto wipe your bottom with british plan. I allow for effect because you know how, when we were young- and I did spurs, cartoonists still do but escaping prisoners was used, have suits with arrows of good government property as well when I was a young and unfortunate to criminal, pictures of inside a prison the in those boxes with a rather and they. Those

how's your day. I usually take some classes, yeah yeah, yeah, you've done your book and yeah America. They get like little. Tattoos, don't like to show what they've done if you just have a piece of our own in the east: step before toilet was invented, they used to what one the farmer's almanac didn't NE in America famously and the Sears catalog, and they both used to come with a hole in them. So you could hang it on and then use it yeah. I was actually listening to a podcast which was saying there were reasons that suddenly role was necessary and was taken on, one was that we invented plumbing. So suddenly you can't flush according to cope down the loo and the other was the serious catalogue started coming

When I said sorta coming with glossy glossy paper, it didn't work, it was absorbing, but not absorbing that important distinction. I find Waitrose food illustrated very uncomfortable yeah, but this does bring us to a sensitive point about the wiping bottoms that most people have a toilet. bottom assume. Unless the sum dimension, I have a mother during potty. Training actually explain it, but there was a new story. Just the other day about the women are being told how wipe their bottoms and some people on social media were very angry at being told the the answer is, and you know this is all too distressing. but the term foods took back is the correct female way. It's it's. As a woman, you just autonomy. each on tat, practical, interbank, I'm rises in guys. We don't do that doing I go the other way executive go back to It doesn't matter in except we don't have the other the little

you'd have to really get it up, get it and open about this. Absolutely it's a health issue for women, so glad you're, here yeah. But it's interesting, we said bringing the levels up and everything. alien species looking at says why they would be very puzzled at two, we have these very normal and necessary actions. The Depauw every day like eating and drinking and having a poo and indeed making love. in order to whatever coalition or whatever wants to hold it in order to propagate the species, and those are the very things that have the taboos, whereas murder and cruelty. We can use those words we can tell the traffic was atoms. Crore got him murder because he might have medicals

He asked the thing we should have a taboo, whereas it was shitting bad traffic. That is why, on this, his which frame of reference is the dangerous were not not not the Boeing, so I'm sure to thee. You know that the very useful Martian watching that this should teach us something about completely screwed up. Will yes, wronged, be system, I think, wasn't that the people who invented loo roll on a roll for the first time in fact invented it in the eighty nineties and eighties nineteen, I think, and they didn't admit to it and they did it under a shell company. They only admitted to it in ninety no two because it was such a shame to have someone who worked for Doulton and the the porcelain company and in staffordshire- and I asked to party- and I said: Oh- is pitching in Staffordshire dogs or something to go. Mantlepiece is you know nicely. There are ornamental things. I said, what sort of things do you specialize in? He said

well, heavy. Where didn't quite know what heavyweight was I sort of worked out, what he meant was bathrooms and this is the proper I was really just speaking of the late eighteen hundreds and which way to wipe. I saw the titans for the first toilet roll and it sort of answers, the question of which way you meant to hang the roll. Does the paper come down underneath or does it go over so which do you think it is well I thought forward, so you can grab it and that's the way hotels do it cause they do. A little coin. Peaked paper ass near here. Is that if we get it, that's great, it's that way in the pace and I've got a great coins question. But the thing about the little pig is supposed to be having worked in a hotel it so that the housekeepers can tell if the room has been service. The thing they do, and so, if that's done, it means they know that it's fine. So if I was a housekeeper, I just do that gathering what's up,

they got in and they saw that they will sort of swung told This is an omen in Siberia. Well, that could have just been the parson staying here. Let me check whether there was a sorry now just thinking so yes, the first comes here to make the world disclaimed road or he did. I wonder when it was first, advertise them when it was first allowed into magazines and then into tv. We are all familiar with anthrax in this puppy and everything and I'm old enough to hullabaloo the hullabaloo when it was allowed to have female sanitary products as they hold them advertised on T v, and everyone said that was beginning to the end. It's disgusting, the Brazilian, maybe the similar moment when loved by Iverson. But this all you nervous, you still never see Lou Paper also actually parts with the thing on them. This, but Stu Clara we live longer than men think that we have blue paid. But the only thing you see their job Zoellick successor has a blue period, one. This is for your thumbs. Isn't there was one there has? But yes are you

thought, remember offend you and I we wanted to do women in when we were every voice over before us in the eighties and doing all kinds of efforts and things we thought. Why didn't they do their be brilliant white bottle beautifully. Just like your service, Scots. Who did this? fell and they couldn't advertise. I know that much at least I'm there, hold it under the counter in the chemist? So you have to go in and they will just kind of they would put it on the shelf technically, actually should have been placed with the sound recording on the outside loo would be a string with with newspaper and say the homes in the Suez Canal. I found a a man. This is a two years ago. This isn't twenty. Sixteen. It was a man who was fined in court after paying for a takeaway with a come note that he had printed onto some toilet paper. Radical cuts bar

visa and he he just used a desktop computer and a normal printer, and he just put the liberal. It's the one to free his defence, barristers barrister said this is going to be the most expensive, like a way of Mr Corbett's life. That is the great achievement of Peter Bessel JET and not Peter, but is Joseph. I mean that it is the great achievement of Jesse, better get to be undone by the arrival of moist out, because the suit now considered unflappable flushable, and yet everybody use it yeah yeah, and there was a report. Just recently saying there is they did tests. There is no style of moist paper or wipe, It's suitable for all for US sewers without creating blocks that millions, FAT, Barnes, young, everything, everything hasn't everything costs the shadow in this. Well, there's this things a free lunch. why it's gotta somewhere

It was the number one cause I think they found of those big fat bergs that they were finding in the sewers as in. If you took percentages of what made it up, you fat, the the wet whites which we largely, I think more for babies and they offer adults cleaning nappies, that's what they found, and I read that we basically have k of sea to blame for that colonel standards as the person who took the wet wiping first introduced into restaurants and that spread around the world. Yes, before we were voiced lemon scented cleansing, which I think another voice over three hundred extends the lobbying to emphasise, and I think we ve been other countries think we desire that we use dry paper to get rid of that when it makes no sense not to apply more and then we want our hands. If we can, Monday, one bacteria on it and we cover all bottoms- void the beady, Indeed, yeah the entrepreneur, One has room for a b de bonne. What they do have room for in these becoming more and more popular a little installations is a not quite

sheep of a japanese style. You know the kind of thing I met, you join into your plumbing its seat and you have no control and you press buttons, and it also leads to get the Jackson and it has a female if go to mail settings, and it can also offer hot add to dry several madams backside, and these are becoming more and more popular because they are very healthy and of course, there is no. Nothing goes into the tour except what you want. You've dropped in their natures, There is obviously costs energy coast are electric, but those going to be more, you're, just because your is so perfect for talking Sally as you did, that I saw your voice of beef untasted collaborate with sir, Madame enjoy rights of the child is a great story about. What am I here is where my cinematic here's, where many people cinematic here Billy wilder the great yeah director, some like it hot as such.

About many many great films, and I think he was in Paris with Marilyn Monroe, Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon, and trying to keep control particularly of Tony Curtis and Marilyn Monroe and his wife Audrey, whom I met funny enough. She told me that story was true and had said. am honey. I want you, when you're in Paris to get a proper parisian B day cause the m. You know the Wolcott have got one or whoever it was some family that she sort of from keeping up with the Joneses with, and she if they want- and he said sure honey I get through- I get them from prominent anyway. He was so busy so busy in Paris that he just didn't get home. He didn't even have time to look at a plumbing supply shop and have a bd shipped over from barista to Beverly Hills and on in the car, on the way to watch you with the airport was then in Paris, suddenly remembered, and he stopped off at her at a beard supposed to send a telegram to Big said to prepare for discipline.

Honey tried everywhere. No bee days in Paris suggest doing handstand our would do it I'll be day, which did you might will know this, but is named after a small extinct, donkey floors How did you not yeah so beta is french for this species of small horse and so small that the idea is with a beta you'd, be straddling it like like this Louis is it? Is it real, in Italian. To clean, don't know, and so like a barometer, looks like a little donkey. Doesnt mean people at donkeys it away,

it is time travel is when you go back open the toilet, there's a corner called donkey. What am I meant to do this toilet paper that we were talking about the main fangs and it it was a? It was shown at the eighteen, seventy eight Paris exposition and it won the highest prize It was seen as such an innovation and in anti counterfeiting in in actual quality of laboratory Lou role. So the water mobile was the maker of the wasn't that you could have in family Crest was the was the watermark of the manufacture of the rope aroma that store I think that's who they were yeah and there's so that they mate they might cause. They had amazing inventions in the victim and I know that a troublemaker I think was the words. Sometimes it's a simplistic virtues are the best, though, is that your eye,

we do still usually well is it. There was a period when the with the cold themselves medicated, which is a suspect, not legally enforceable, meaning he heard I sound medicated. We had of microbes which was the hideously tissue. He and Bronco that claim to be medicate what they were mitigated. weather tonight, the first hackers toilet paper was made by guy at each other guy eighty and he called it fairer, pewter paper somebody named after Queen Victoria Honour, victorian brands of toilet paper. I just found a list of a few and they included things like Bulldog and Sampson and Varela. That is great, but are also others called Victoria and Queen and Gloria Victor's Can I tell you about one because as the victorian invention and an exact or an invention, that actually was made that I had never heard of before, but by focus The horses got. This was in

Jeanne eighties. Eighteen, eighty seven, someone went into a farmer since at my horse is gone short sighted. I'm a cop, Dr Uneasy showed that other things he likes to read the papers government will be into things he's not there is money to be used to, and it was actually tried out and there are pictures of this horse. There are photographs of this horse wearing these bifocals, which apparently I didn't like at first, but then it refused to go without them and it got taken up by a hansom cab drivers, because what they actually did was make the road seem like it was rising up in those his face, and so they used to pick up there. much higher, and that looks Reno. That's what my polish elegant exactly so they sought a bearing them oh that actually have the actually happened. My photos was renewed, were invented by Benjamin Frank, went there. the first, but not a coin, That is not a bit of a bizarre invention from

it's our times that they used to. If you went to a pub or any kind of restaurants, the opposite of today, smoking, the smell of smoke was actively encouraged and it made the place feel like somewhere. You wanted to be somewhere that was happening. So a lot of the problem was, if a restaurant, started its day. It was not full of smoke, so someone invented an automatic smoking machine The machine will have lit cigarettes or bellows exactly and it would come out, and so the idea is that it would sort of Alvar the restaurants in this midst of smoke, and you can go fantastic. What happening happening? we know that go maize like I've got made I don't know. If it was six, I don't if they made more than one haven't, they made him a model of a tiresome. Yes, yes, they have competitive smoking in pubs in the UK in the early twentieth century, Yannick, though we would have a pipe and you have to keep it. Oh, yes, I went on way it's my left to keep it that way

America they had it to get. You ever had again to go clay pipe, thereby misery that we sort of control could k by militant identical quantity of tobacco, and it was their job delighted and keep it going it for as long as possible and necessary along them if you or I would have just kind of gone up in seconds, but they could keep going for hours and hours putting their fingers over the the top of the bowl and just lost it is. I was the very last pipe. Smoker of the year, however yeah it used to be a very popular thing. Ever yes, big dinner at the Savoy hotel sponsored by Alfred Dunhill, who, in those days were primarily tobacconists, yeah the fashion House, of course, but the shop in german street was filled with huge of tobacco and and they will call them. Your sort. Snuff in tobacco called sort said that you'd here someone come in and get the hell. Are you

it is our governed river got into my sword, and that would be a mixture of condition. The strange names that these particular types of tobacco had and anyway, I I it was actually Q. I it was the very first q I I agreed to do an interview for for the independent. I think it was to to publicized cures a new program, and I went to the Groucho Club and at the time I had decided to try and cut down cigarette smoking, and but I was kind of pipe with with loved smokey about the first pipe of the day I really enjoyed. So I had a pipe and I really felt like smoking and those days you could smoke anywhere, and so I let the pipe and the photographer was taking.

Pictures of me, and it was on the front of the independent, the next day or whatever the following week, and immediately I got a letter from the pipes are so desperately that, finally, the old days they had her Wilson and Eric more calm and all these gotta be the pipe smokers of the year, but it was running thin on the ground, Russ, Abbot, yeah and finally, they they and I said well, I didn't really regularly smoke, but then they made me a special by which I still have, which is in the shape of a BBC microphone. You can distance but let the man with the golden gun operators and turned into a pipe and was really really sad. Are you that technically the raining I am, yeah. I think they gave a very special lifetime by the world to the comedy writer Lawrence Marks. Who was also on the board of the pipes making says

and obviously I will deprecate smoking now and I don't smoke any more than him for twelve years. I think it is but am, but I sometimes I think you know that when I had a bit of a cancer scare the earlier this year, I can see when I finally got my death sentence. I would probably just order a pipe online and a great big gray vat of not just carry on again, but I probably wouldn't have for details of the monopolies is a memory of of that, but I am old enough to remember making cinemas making the tubes William buses me absolutely everywhere, even the families had their box pews with brass browser. but it was sure it was really. I mean the from pipes. It was a Walter rally. It was really Oscar, Wilde's generation that made cigarettes popular and they were considered very decadent and extreme. That was in the eighty nineties, but by fifteen years later, virtually out twenty years later

in the middle of the first World war. Everyone did it. I mean it was just everybody, but if we find out about a century of it, yeah, but now, of course, it looks weird doing it in in. You know like again that Peter Jackson, ticket holders is smoking. Well, I love those things which is like throughout all of history. No one smoked on them for one hundred years, everyone's salaries and that for the rest, at the time. No one will again, even though to us it's a normal thing. Yes, completely unusual, the history of art. Does that amazing moment as well, that America experienced and it's covered in a Adam Curtis Documentary power of nightmares? I think that the documentaries old and the idea was that they realize in America it was only men, smoking, they needed women to smoke as hose, is Freud's and brother in law's. Yes, it is yeah and the idea was that they empowered the women of America to start smoking, saying that they were something like sticks

it's a freedom, our liberty, torches, the drama of them that he paid for them to walk down Fifth avenue with cigarettes. Yes very famous picture, I think. Yes, it's the same member of the Freud family who invented bacon. An example has already he was the father of the advertising healthy yeah. The okay, it is perfect number two and that is Andy Murray. The fact is that in nineteen, seventy two, a canadian DJ, held a contest to choose canadian national simile like as american as Apple pie. The winning entry was as canadian as possible under the concerns in I don't know, what's Emily's protein

It was a dj, go Peters ASCII and he was a great canadian broadcaster and he has to chose for decades and even had lots of aspects of canadian life he analyzed and and examined, and he hosted this competition at a seventeen year, old student came up with that slogan, Canadian plausible and weirdly dusky. He just speaking smoking? He once wrote an essay called how to quit smoking in fifty years or less yeah. I like the yeah, humorists and Canada yeah. Do you believe Coco? She answers writing humorous, but all those comedians are done at Croydon yes, amputation, don't do given that they, which they not saying, I believe his reputation is, I

it's nice, but a bit when I first went to Toronto years and years and years ago, and I called up my friend and colleague- we were working together all the time, then Hugh Laurie, and he had never been to that point too, and they all sort sorta, like I said I think it'd be a that I can best describe how drawn to is by saying that the I asked at the front desk what the in in what attractions to see in the ship well, is at the ballet footwear museum yeah and we laughed at that and then two days later I said I I can give you a clearer idea, but I had nothing better. You in fairness to Toronto has improved enormously another one that won the world Series twice in a red. Blue Jays and it became a you know, and now it's it's pretty ice It's been three months in Niagara on the lake,

allow time just on these rush on the american border, and that was that was stunned, it's and they are very aware of how the world looks at them, and they know that they're a bit overflight and a bit of us, you know, and do you think they are actually actually like that? Aren't they I mean there was a study done looking at people's twitter feeds and it was only comparing american and canadian Twitter feeds, but the preponderance of what it's an american twitter feeds were negative things so like hate and dime and bored and annoying, and then I'm Canadian feeds that all just saying words like favorite and go gorgeous gorgeous animal. Great amazing stereo. They have the apology, acts that came in in two thousand and nine and that's because people apologize all the time and the law now is that an apology is not allowed to be considered, not admission of guilt, because What happened is we'll have a little car crash or something

sorry, sorry, honey. I, while he sat side that this mission will, I believe, TAT goes in his natural instinct, say again, I'm just on the board and think that is a town in Canada called Ochre talks. I d as an, albeit now. Well they had a slogan a tourist slogan and it was there are. None things to do in Okotoks It's zero yeah, my my friend John sessions due to his post graduate doctorate at a university in Canada and he waxes very, very calm. His contempt for some of the more downsides to then in the in the eighties, I guess or seventies, even in his case, and I happened to be in Oxford at the Oxford, I was feeling than does the Oxford University press shop on the high or the broader. What

and dumb. I was ordering the new Occidentalis diction Asian did didn't this second edition of those that whole thing and it was. There was a special price fourfold from early buyer of it and it wasn't in the shop. It was in the Depository Northampton and they would send it to any addressing and it was. I did a twelve underpants of some of its huge number of volume of this massive dictionary, and I was terribly pleased that then I was looking round and I saw one of those oxen books aviano you VOX books of the quotations and so on. This was the Oxford book of canadian political anecdotes, and I thought it must be said in this spirit, and how could you

with the canadian editor. Anyway, I thought was the most amusing, so I took it up to the front of the desk and then who should come into the shop, but Jeremy Paxman been across the road at all souls having a lunch because he was doing a book on the british establishment. So we walked out and said to the owner. Took effect in human, he I said, look at this book. I've got here. It says the it's a book of canary, but if Baghdad'S- and he said that, and then the system and the dessert that'll be twelve hundred and seventeen and Jeremy Baxter could only see that- and I said, oh yes, very red book and canadian soldiers here- make them all behind, and then the assistant bless him he joined in and said: oh, yes, yes, so I signed it and bags went off corrugated, and then it wasn't until

Two years later, I was filming again in Oxford and I'd been asked to do this spectator diary notes, and so I told that story in the spectator diary in about two days later I got this furious don't worry, I've been dining out, discover, there's something else. Canadians are very well known for its thinking. I you're right. It's nice weather today, a but not in the oxen and the canadian alphabet a a b is so the University of British Columbia has an official. in a lab, which is, is that syntax of speech lab is where you go. If you want to study the linguistics of that kind of thing, and it's cool

a lab good, yes, and I think its first goes back a long time. It goes back to before. Canada was a country, it also seventeen. Seventy three appeared in an irish play and you know I wish people went to Canada than appeared in a book in the eighteen thirties that was completely listed with it, but yeah and whale while there were through the. So I think that, when a suggestion that it's, and there is a small bit of England where there's a similar infection, then I can't remember where it is actually, but people took it from there. The action is dissimilar, as it creeps over the border into Wisconsin and North Dakota. You think that Movie Fargo and the wonderful Frances Mcdormand performance that have got a question. Your police work. There kind of it's got that similar kind of slight and there the the reason is supposedly the Scandi region input into Wisconsin. In that part, they're, the local Sorenson in favor of the bill, Macy Character was called Gunderson. I think they've all got names like that.

This is just the sight of the place they think America is big, but because of the fans out into greater width and up into the arctic circle as great stories and the sword like a gap year where a woman writes to her sister who's, Canadian and says my son, your your nephew's got his gap year and he said he'd be landing in and Newfoundland. What? If you could pick him up and His sister lived in British Columbia, so she sent her reply packs. Why didn't you your nearest yeah? We are nearer here in Britain to get to that coast. It's me good lumberjacks I love the female lumberjack as a lumber jail. I think that is a lovely described as a thing they clothing. reading about their clothing and there have been lumberjack trousers invented which I've never seen. before the idea is that they are chain chainsaw proof you can't.

And through them, and there were videos on Youtube of lumberjacks showing you and they said that they also the media by going, do not do this at home do not need an invite. You know this and they like rabbit up in the changeover gets going and they just slam it down onto their trousers and the fabric, its eight layers of plastic. Better. It's a bit there's a whole science, but he can watch about the beauty of the science of of how it works, and you can watch it immediately gets up in the trousers and install the chains immediately its extraordinary, and I must have the first person to try to get it Happily, the margin of accident. You know you're going out and you will also lumberjack wife and put your other. trousers morning. Then, just after them affirming great so I was looking up. Other slogans in Canada, place names slogans, so Ottawa launched a new slogan in two thousand and one and the slogan was

technically beautiful. Despite what you're, looking at yeah trying to say is that it's technologically advanced great with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. They responded saying the response to the slogan might be described as technically. Mixed do have to share with you just on the basis that sort of interrupt, but this thing of getting yourself a phrase or logo. You know a strap line, whatever you want to call it as a country, a city estate and- and I, when I was touring across all the american states for a BBC documentary to just get. You noticed every time you cross the state line that they would say welcome to Mississippi, and it would have.

it's official name of the magnolia state and there'd, be some phrase like come play and the one that I really wanted to congratulate was Kentucky Kentucky's, probably known for two things: it's the bluegrass state as it's official nickname, but they wanted a kind of one that expressed what it was to be a Kentucky, and you think two things you think of the Kentucky Derby and you think a burden. They came up with a two word phrase that incorporated both that both using and it's beautiful horse throat cause you'll have a horse throat if you drink. I have also force and its unbridled spirit this is, however, so that better, they did have the case of make his mouth

This would run a rough idea of out of a horse, a good idea to stay. I density out, neither state slow. And it really took off in the twenties and thirties. I think and they've all got state symbols and in fact I've put down hit Mexico, but I think I meant to write New Mexico, because Mexico is not a state of America. New Mexico is the only US state that has and it's legally enshrined a official state question and the state question is red or green, and do you know why is it game show or something? Chile is in the records, the party, you know you get, you ask in a restaurant, red or green and that's what you go for so the state question, just like tomato sauce or brown sauce is sure, has

It does I embarrass myself by saying I'm never had brown sauce, I wasn't making point I did prove a browser. My very closest my my regularly by it have never tried it have. You said, I ve never watched restricting come Dunstan is just one of those I've never got run too, and I very strong feeling I never will it- does upset some people because they did they did they you brown, sauce, tasted like vinegar? It makes me cough a bit when it first breathed in it. I think it's because that's two quintessentially british things. Yes, Steve! the fry and brown sauce it feels like they will just see this. Is it whenever there's a binary question like know tomato ketchup or brown sauce? I will immediately assume there is mustard things pass it's very cold in Colorado Famous,

Roco. The coldest I've ever had is sixty two point, eight degrees, and that was in a place called snag in Yukon The residents would walk around like zombies, because if they walked too fast, they would get out of breath and the something to do with the the way that the air, whence meant that you could hear things from a massive distance whose is very, very dry and very far dense mass in Montenegro as an underwater trim yeah absolutely, and it meant that you could hear people talking from five km away. You could hold

if the conversation a falling out, bitchy people in the next time, you're walking so slowly that you can get to them to say: hey yeah puts on winter weight that didn't feel very windy, pigments and that gets to minus forty, which is very, very cold. I told my father that my brother who's this is that celebrated overnight. My father is a physicist brilliant. It came back straightway to make a difference. My brother was very cross about this. Just doesn't make any difference. Does it make any difference, but that's ridiculous because it makes a difference. when my father just happened to know and stop giving it away that minus forty is exactly say that at one point whether identity, It's when its minus forty, it doesnt, which could you using Celsius. If you never revealed. No, you ve got a person who is you got killed in the kitchen, would open the friction and took his sister

That too will be ass. Those of us who assumes dishes about these issues with its Julie's gonna make the call to get to know anything about them. At a moment, I was wondering about national stereotypes and wet life across world and how old they are, and partly because I'm reading more than just where the which has amazing descriptions of Americans, and it's just so interesting that his descriptions, our hilarious and exactly what you describe those to the soul is a technical. So it's brilliant! So what am I favorite scenes as well? Martin has just gone to America, spoiler and he's hanging out with Americans for the first time and he's astonished at how much they eat and how fast they eat, and I just loved his quote. That said, the poultry. There was a turkey at the top, a pair of ducks at the bottom and two fouls in disappeared as rapidly as if every bird it out the use of its wings and flew in desperation down a human through, he was served a disappointed in Amerika

Dickens was the innocent. Much is that there is a wonderful bitten, just what you meant ever come up to get that the water test society, yes, which is really start watched her society, is an american fenian society. I have about the home rule for Ireland Society, and just what invited them as someone who kind believes in home rule for the Irish and all the Americans say how cruel the lion of Albion, with it's paws and it's claws tearing at the throat of the free, irish and the water to society exists to to to to to spread the gospel of freedom for all people, and has we got up and said yes- and I know you must all feel the same about to about your slaves. and your Indians and there was a terrible silence and they burn the waters. Meeting called the ground and societies never heard of.

And his dickens really having a go at the fact that America's role very good at saying how Tut Tut Tut look at you- and I then, but the moment at the time, Spectrum Croatia is amazing and he is well just speaking of in the first act about anti counterfeit measures of the watermark. Wasn't a large part of his life dominated by stopping the copying of his books and reselling, and that, with its took a huge part of it, has been a large part of his hatred for America again, because I where it wasn't, he tried to get TWAIN and wouldn't very famous, but when he was a young man who never been heard of- and he was just doing the text to a famous illustrator and he did the text of the proceedings of the Pickwick Club and slowly it just took off- and everyone said who is this: I too, the right. Yes, the drawings, very nice, but the writing before it has even finished surmised form. There were the pink or weak paper. Work on it. There were so many of these pirates versions. Floating around dickens was always

yes, yeah, I love back Alley editions of Dickens, you think you're buying some cut Pickwick, get at home and opened the paper that inside it are you got some pig away. if you read the genres of the James Family, for example Henry James and his brother, William the psychologist and the in all the Newington literary families they would gathered together on a Sunday and the previous Saturday. One of them would have gone down to the docks to get the latest dickens. Then they would arrive in bundles. Around they'd be cut open. The a real race home would bring as many people around from leader who are you of similar to bend over, excited and read the next chapter, and it was like the most exciting thing again

I just talked about remembering this as a boy sitting under the table and and particular the one that we now most laugh at or is probably the least regarded as a great dickens. Novel is served at the old curiosity shop and particles of Oscar Wilde's. Famous cometh is that you have to have a heart of one to read of the death of little Nell without laughing yeah and who spoke to that book, but they were so excited about little. Now that that that was, there was a riot at the docks in Boston. Everyone- the shouting is now dead is now dead in Laos. Later on, there was the Jr in Dallas and been such things, and I guess people want What the finale of this game of Thrones episode is really nothing to that extent, Am I right in saying they people on the ship actually announced it was an even though

Instead of taking it home and reading someone's spoiler spoiler die yeah bill. Hayden is the Mon Cala Defect yeah, sorry for Alistair. We need to get a new captain of this ship. This guy is a really good writer in the murder of Roger Ackroyd, who does the murder policemen in a coop around Christmas. Somebody online yeah. Ok, it is time for fact number three, and that is just an escape. Yes, my fight this week is that the scholar who first discovered that the Noah's Ark story predates the Bible got so excited by it that he stripped off his clothes and ran naked around the british Museum.

and this is this- is just how thrilling it was. This was in eighteen, fifty three and this amazing discovery was made, which was basically the palaces of. The great assyrian king and the library of Nineveh and this person found them. Then the scholar called George Smith back in the British Museum was very devout Christian, translated this template and realized. This is the Noah story and I freaked out and took some clothes off and ran around the museum, but it was fair enough because it was a big deal. Yeah. The excitement was so great for him. That was his only way of expressing it. He wasn't a nudist bass. It was just too much of he was completely stock because he may have took off some. Some of those who say, maybe he kept his Willie.

I tell you what, though they get excited about things in various ways of the British Museum. I have a friend to James and I know- and I think Stephen you might have met him- he's called Irving startled at the great certainly go to the other good through which the canary formed United and I was, I was behind the scenes with them at the museum, and he showed me a sort of a cast of the of the tablet. The Keener form Noah's Ark tablets that he used to study because he actually studied it further decoded certain aspects of it that not been seen before, which was the actual measurements when Noah's Ark, I have recreated it, which is amazing. But while we were sitting there in the very beginning of our meeting, he suddenly got an email and jumped up from his seat and he went quick run and we ran. And through the corridor. I was chasing him egg it at the time who have every all opens. It only gives bearded individuality, would it ass one, but so keep heaps and ran down the corridor corridor, and then he got into the kitchen and we stopped and what happened- and he said this judgment announcement,

Is orange juice in the fridge for any member, but you gotta be quick. Everyone gets to it before I do that and we can We have two cops and went back into his that his classic academic and when I first went to an interview, Cambridge, I saw these two old dawns in black gowns and I thought I follow them and are even talking about to Aristotle S or something really really intellectual I'm one of them. It comes in a small package about size of a single play record, a forty five rpm record and it's full of community dick appreciates that come to life when you poor boy, the water in them, and I sure you'd, singularly toothed chicken know them I think companies called nor with a case island and that's what they were thinking wow. That's not what I expected very pleased. Is this this academic? What do with windows named George Smith,

it is worth it league cognitive dissonance isn't going to. Where was it the shock the the Bible might not? story might be true or that it is true. But I will as the boilers phase, it is confusing because he was pleased or as I, the thought was shocking, but I think it was almost like good. This is verifying that the Bible was the truth. Perhaps he was obsessed with quotes, yes, because of course the Greeks also run this one time they had a flood myth to Carolina periods and the same thing that a wooden chest it's cold in the way it's translated, but he might as well be called an ark, because an ark is a chest as much as it is anything else. The Ark of the covenant his chest. After all, it's a strange word and- and so the educated and peer to Peer- was the daughter of Pandora, the first woman, since it's very early thing that mankind displeased the gods and they sent the flood and you can in Paris survived because they were warned about it and then, when they landed it wasn't.

but we think the amount of error at the supposedly the ark landed that many people believe Noah's. Aunt was a matter it, but it landed somewhere in and they were told by a senior. I think it was. They were told to throw the bones of their mother over their shoulders and they didn't know what that meant I'm. A vague confusion is another bondsman mothers, the stones, mother earth, so they threw stones and whatever Para through a stone over her shoulder a woman sprang up. What's with the granddaughter of sprang up, suits those one or two sonic stories actually accident. It's a similar thing of punishment and under and the IMF, Philemon and bulky stories also of another flood, and so that they exist in at least two versions in greek myth. Many others are the Mediterranean, MRS Marion in february- and I learned in yes- I mean, I think, he's I stole a lot from the abalone insufficiently assyrian said it probably got a big they all have in common.

down the line that five thousand BC was it when there was always civilizations the Mayans and that they have all these cities suddenly were evacuated. These great seems there seems to be the plague that was can across early civilization. How nice things that's passed down, but this this myth is particularly bizarre. So this is the how the assyrian it's in the library Nineveh when they found it- and I didn't realize this- is in the attic of Gilda mash them

very famous discovery, most famous discovery that was made there and the belief. The story, as it was told, was that there was this huge flood and before the flood, then God had to live at all these messages to people via these fish. These weird fish creatures said that are right near the Persian Gulf, and the idea was his huge fish creatures used to come up with a potent persian Gulf in a day and they go and they tell the Assyrians what to do. They really light, don't drink that be nice to your mom cetera, and then this huge floods came and it basically poison the fish creatures. So they never came back and ask for the floor. There was once a disease because it in a fuss will cause disease and it was Well, that was part of the God's punishment and, from that moment onward, the gods stopped visiting them with these fish creatures, and so yet that was the thing, and that was why you had to have humans scholars, who were the ones who then receive messages from the gods via strange agreements as well as the same thing go, provides a rainbow the end of the two as a covenant that he will not interfere.

and so it also marks the disliked withdrawal of God from the people of Israel. His chosen people and at that moment, that his side are distant from a few props. Like a show creator handing of unite, related Davis to Steven off its ignore all right. I find that so you want to do it I'll leave you to. It is a better kind of gold, saying fund What was it then there's two things that are punished and in the same way, the the the the real punishment is is a transgression of zinnia and in greek mythology, which is the guest, friendship and honor. You do as a host to a stranger comes to your door and that's really what the story of of phenomena about kisses about and that's why they're visited with a flood, because everyone in the village turns away Zeus and Hermes, who appear as travelers, except this one couple who welcomed them and that actually is president steroid lottery, his wife in the sins,

you know the city of the plane, Saddam tomorrow, you remember an angel angels community. Looking puzzled is, if you have read the Bible name front about anything that failure by the way I do it and I have had a shotgun tomorrow. What happens? Is angels come go to Sunday here about what wicked city that is it? Is it a play now that the bottom of the dead sea, I still see signs when you traveled down the road that Jordan saying Saddam that way: music, but anyway yeah the the angels arrived and with treated very, very rudely and even more rarely buy one ticket a citizen of seldom who wanted to know the angel, and that is where the phrase to know them

in the biblical sense comes from. In other words, you tried to seduce this angel and sodomy sodomy in the whole idea that Saddam was this place, cause that one reference in the Bible. If somebody wanted to know the angel and they punished the the city with fire, they've the am and except for the holy couple, just like to kill backers. Who are I mean a filament? back as who were locked and his wife and and they were locked, but they must put back and was exactly the same in the greatness. There's no news story There are, though, by staff as stable. He said that they have the the rainbow the end of Noah's. Yes, she, since that is a covenant yeah. He then, according to Genesis, he began to be husbandman on plant. The vineyard knows videos, YAP, Emmi Language, right wine and was drunken and he was uncovered within his tent. So he basically what's he finished he got drunk and got naked. That's what you do. What

We usually find it is during the bubble to which everyone have done and know you have. The fish creature are you're talking about. So I'm going off memory here, but depictions I've. Seen of it is it's a sort of reverse mermaid. It's a fish. legs. It was a partial human based thing in its users those ancient alien kind of things, and that was a higher knowledge that was coming to educate and create these amazing civilizations. At the time yet not keen on that line. Right, no sort of thing that infringement is interesting, though, is of course already of eventually to who became part of the temperance movement at the end of the nineteenth century. Believe everything in the Bible, but they have two: they had to rule out wine and wine is unquestionably approved all through. but not any Noah. The first example of it better be Christ, first merit

is turning water into wine at the wedding of Canaan. So it is clear, and indeed obviously the last supper and everything that become so it's quite difficult to to, if you're, to believe in all the Bible, but I that alcohol is terrible for the vintage, translations, where they changed it to grape juice and kind of have to be to make the Bible I don't know how to talk to this guy George Smith, who decipher the uniform so he's an amazing guy, because he left education at the age of fourteen. He became an engram. EVA of Bank notes at the Bank of England. So, as a result, he had an incredible eye. He could detect incredible details in banknotes that he was engraving, that other people couldn't spot so and also he was obsessed with these canal form tablets, so he he. Firstly, you know he delivered this lecture saying the Noah's. Ark story is a hebrew adaptation of a much oldest

which created huge controversy, because it was quite soon after on the origin of species that was another way of it was. Another geology was also doing his damnedest to undermine him yeah, but I guess it was it Ruskin called those damned Amma's chipping away at every truth. That was understood. She was kind of a controversial figure, but then the the the amazing thing was in this tablet that he had translated of the Noah's Ark story. There was a section that was missing: there were about seventeen lines that were missing from the tablet. Just ended that and the daily Telegraph offered a thousand guineas to whoever found this missing. Eleven lines of canal form tablet, obviously with him in mind, because he was the ex, but he knew all about it and he went there. He went to what is now most

which is where the library is closed, yeah and it was whether the model the library had been of King Sennacherib is that it was also China or Russia where the library of king after about a pal, had been, and he got to the site of the library it was a huge set, was about three miles across the whole setting, and so it was like looking for a readable needle in the haystack stuff. He looked at the and he went to the pit of the old libraries. The likeliest place, he'd find it and he found that had been used as a worry, and it was a complete mess of rubble different to different fragments from all over all different centuries. But he started looking at the amazing thing was that he found it. He found a tiny. He must only. He could have yeah exactly. He found the seventeen lines which can elated, the Noah's Ark Story and he brought it back. They see a naked man running back out of the quarry yeah I'd. Imagine that

wow, yeah and also that's kind of a nice mirroring of actually what happened in terms of collecting the information for the library at the time so in the syrian culture. So this is like three thousand years ago and I should have been in power, wanted to collect all human knowledge ever at that point and he'd collect all these tablets and when and got got scholars to write them, and if there was something missing, he'd say: oh there's this story that I've heard I don't have it. He put a call out everyone in his kingdom saying everyone go hunting. All the Assyrians knew what he was looking for and the Bay Reward and they just go scouting out, and there is one of the biggest kind of kingdoms ever existed right. It was all of North Africa, I'm only Mesopotamia it came down like a wolf on the fold, shining and scarlet and gold

how he what he was called the destruction of Sennacherib. I think already, some of the Syrians named after Noah's grandson, the tribes, isn't it yeah Asher, and that's where Syria ever Syrian comes from so there's Of course if you're Anti semitic from my between Abraham and Ishmael, who were the patriarch of the two different peoples. There was Abraham and Ishmael Ishmael went out and founded the arab people as it were, and Abraham was the picture of the judge me. do you even more prejudice? You actually thought they also with the can.

I'm tablet something interesting they were, they were used constantly, so they wouldn't fired them and make them a solid, because I wanted to reuse them. So once a tablet had been read: it remoulded and make you had it, but what that meant was if they were ever attack the Assyrians and lets say their places were burnt down by burning down their libraries. They are actually preserving their information because the clay would be high. It is over. They would make the information. It is thus not reason the whole I've written into the reason it survives is because of that, it's such a funny irony and such a good thing, because the Assyrians are eventually taken down by the Bologna and and the thing is that they are not from a brain, We are condemning the needs and Babylonians yet meet me leads needs to impose rules with the two groups that made up the reruns as in pockets famous remark. One man meat is another man's persian. Maybe eight she'd argue with. I think I can do is signs, but the means one particular coaches

none of us would have taken these tablets and preserved them, and, oh, my god, this is learning, but the means just went so. Did I spend the whole thing down and then, ironically, the vantage by doing that, to complete preserve them forever? So, in your face That's very kind. It there's a revealing on they about what it is to be. Human. Look like I was Doin reforms writing ninety five percent of its taxation, accounting and storage of grain. But then you get this families with a bit of infringements, so excited by the children's quitted. The exercise book, where you have the little clay tablet that he has an abridged museum which can see which ah children and writing insults about their teachers ran to sing. I mean it's just delicious yeah real insight assist. There is one story which haven't found any I've found it in one source only and it's so. I think it's not true, but it self a clay bottle and there was an oppressive, the British Museum who would not rest until the decisive this inscription

on the bottle and it turned out very- please replace stopper in bottle that I'm ninety percent sure it's a joke that Goodman Post that had two t m Esto written on it for like two three four letter word Turkey emerald em, you l, toe and better. That's it sought, looks latin similar, my ammo, but as time is not quite right, laid that it may be PIG Latin might have Esther too, see something- and it's been pointed out said tight mules too. Ok, it is time for a final effect of a show, and that is James. Ok, my thought this week is not the rarest frog in England has a distinctive Norfolk accents.

Please now birds having local acts wrong when actually there's a m should can tell us about the californian western literal frog. the one which you hearing homey out of what the problem remains, as it was used by Sandra Code, is to do that grants for the jungle and everything was in his right other think I saw them. Q. I think my memory as others is the northern pool frog? It was extinct in in England in Norfolk and they found out doing ten years of research that they had this distinctive call, which is common to the Norfolk area, so unique accents and that on some genetics made them realize that it was endemic to Norfolk, which meant that they could get back and they've just recently put it back into some pools in Norfolk, wonderful in the broads, with the fence and Jimmy Blue and abroad cf. Very satisfying. Does it

It is a very any resemblance to the heap Norfolk Oxen, just slightly deeper rivets. One single comment about it being fond of cross sister humans can tell frogs excited or not. If this is a very interesting thing, so humans can tell basically, if almost all vertebrates really are excited or not. So this was an experiment done by scientists. They played recordings of aroused and non Ralph. And around just means not meddle in some way agree ever somebody irregular yeah, and this was people who speak different languages as well says. I think some English and some Mandarin and some of the third language and ninety percent of them could tell

which the aroused ones were, and the reason that we think this is is because we think they're a universal vocal elements. So when we're excited or as it's, we speak higher and faster and frogs do the same thing. So we think there are vocal signals that a same evening different taxa plans and everything is a thousand and there's a run into the. It is around the form virus at the moment that threatening everywhere in this area, if we think and also we're running out of ponds yeah. Ok, let alone yes, natural wetlands didn't good old, suburban ones. You mean yeah there half as many ponds in the UK than the well fifty I go has lost eight thousand pounds since nineteen fifties have my parents have upon didn't.

It does have rogues added folks born and it was rather measure they turn protect. The frogs born from the there's predators like to eat it, but if you can bind to ponds into one large upon, you have technically destroyed the pond is it possible that made the latest one? It seems unlikely that I don't think that's what's happened now, one huge like no other opponent was when I was a boy. Definitely I mean they're sort of virtue of dead, my brother and I we had nothing better to do but go and hunt for sticklebacks and new, and all that sort of every village would have upon the most fans would cause this way. You will get your from him. I don't like it, you did you do ban by one of the windows and treaties. Countries gets stuck it. in Oregon the ducks and was it in Norfolk. Where does that myth about a lake where the reflection of the moon isn't it and the myth was that they used to tell visitors to the area that they've been trying to catch, that big white thing in the middle of the lake

is, and they should have a go, because I just couldn't guess it was that they play. It was like some Wiltshire, and why how is it tat? People modest sum ass suddenly rises, image of a country which had been confused Norfolk with that the language with no fuck, which is an F Uk, which is a language spoken on novel island, so just digestive a blend of eighteenth century English and tahitian those that don't confuse it. Do you think people are going to have a light bow? That is the wrong accent for the whole city, where you can find a Norfolk accent, not in Norfolk, as in parts of New England, because say when the pilgrim fathers, when I've earned say that I love them for me. So I can get a lot from Norfolk and there are certain quirks,

the accent nearing the Knox and thought only seen in Norfolk. So I think on a few phrases. One of them was good on ya, apparently good on yet another One was: how much did you give for it as opposed to? How much did you pay for it, which apparently is a quintessentially? No, and the do you, the identity, that sort of progressive present is really peculiar. When the do you not not as a question but as a as an infant, There's no reason to on do you sit down, meaning sit down Where do you come in? Do you come in all you must go. Do you come in? Just me come in and all this do meaning, if which is a very strange nor for things that you won't come in. Do you get cold with eight do means. If you don't, none of us ever soon over ninety eyes. In Rachel, it's in there was a bit but Gunnar teaser things like that, and don't you so you stop.

Dual tell your father. Do all tat is very strongly I read a really funny blog on the british library website, so the british Library have done this amazing thing, which is they want to preserve dialects before they all disappear. So they've got loads of volunteers over the last few years to go and record things that they say in their own. Local dialects they ve kept. These recordings that you can go online is brilliant, go to what is called the evolving english word bank, but it's really great. The only problem with is the kind of people who are going round the british library volunteering stuff, you can tell when you listen to the recordings. the kind of people who are using the street slang

well today, you have listened to on it so good it's this was he really learned, nervous sounding nerdy old man says, and I've got two examples of words: I'd like preserved that are used by pupils at a school in Oxford, where I'm from, and the first word is, Bear spelled B, a r e, which now means a lot and the the second word his jokes, that his jokes, which is now used as a word, meaning fun, He gave an example. He said so a pupil in school recently wrote. I am a seed, He was nothing about germination. I am a seed and when it's winter I don't sprout because as bad snow on the ground? But if I wait until it's warm, everything will be jokes: and, if possible, is preserved as to how people are people bad, using that there isn't

hazing book, which this is more just for people listening right now, Susie Dent? Yet she wrote this and yeah. She wrote fantastic book recently, which was she went to every sort of she went to hang out with builders and and people who work in the. transport and the current slang being used by all of them. She document down in this book, so it's sort of fresh slang. Preserving. time, it's a really beautiful book or I love books on thieves. Can the no sort of of the seventeenth century and omelettes and- and I want to just memorialize the great Denny Snowden cuz. You reminded me of the story of it: Keto

if he remembers a great comic writer and who dies in his late nineties. Just recently, he told me this from history when he was at school. He had a very good english teacher. Very advanced for its damages were way back in the twenties and thirties or twenties. I guess, and he would say he said right- we're going to do ruined words that reinforce meaning class reinforce, was a Londoner, pretty poor ordinary school in the east end where it went when Dennis grew up, and he said I'll I'll illustrate this by telling the story of these two mobile does novice, you know, and one of them sees us a poster on the wall, and it says one man, one vote is was a bat and his mates is wanted me to meet one may my vote in a similar category with one man, one vote. How does that mean? You got one man, you've got one vote,

nah, no one fucking man, one fucking vote. I'm good way to seem cool in front of young pupils telling that story, yeah as soon as you tell us where, where does it take that you've got that respects and well done, because every generation thinks they've invented it? Yes, That's the extraordinary to the idea that one's grandfather was saying. The F word all the time in the trenches here, which I meant being so shocked. I gonna read all goodbye to tool that you know the rubber graves Well, he he, he thought he'd heard all the swearing he could ever hear at school. You know in the showers as it were after the Rugby Gaminator the first moment he he he was in training with with other cadets and those listening to Ncs sergeant similar. He just never imagined. People would swear that much grownups and the and across that you don't see

yes and it s very decisions, even working there bottoms of things to do, but it is important to remember because certainly some of my generation thinks the festival as ones grandfathers generation. I wish you most people listening far too young to two that there be a great grandfather, possibly a great grandfathers, but I knew people I read my school over. There were people in force. In the first World WAR and my tunnel shame I remember this mammoth sword and who, who shook his hands all the time and slightly gaped with his mouth, and he was the brother of the headmaster, Sir wife, and am he was we teased him mercilessly and then one day one of the master said you do know he won a military cross. In the first World WAR was one of the bravest men you'll ever meet. He was destroyed by watching a whole trench of his friends blown up in front of his eyes. I just remember thinking, oh dear.

where was mocking human doings of imitating yeah trembling hands and its opposite? You think of them is a very strong integration, but you don't think of them ass. Just like us home. We do think that they did swear. They did live colorful lives as pidgin literally California, since I was It was never Jackson thing that that's amazing. When you see war suddenly with a blue sky, I guess so counter intuitive can be mucky and dark. They sunny days. We should wrap up short we we don't, we don't do one last go on and a frog, it's a cool frog and I didn't want to give it to the frog. Have you the northern spring peeper okay, so

I do it's very cool, it's it it some. It lives in ponds and the temperature frequently drops below freezing problem, but the frog hibernates and it has a it- has evolved a way to stay alive while it has frozen and the temperature inside it. If it gets to minus two or three celsius, the frog can survive because the water inside it is supercooled. So it's still liquid if it gets any colder than that, it's still not a problem. The water under the frog's skin freezes and its stomach becomes a solid ball of ice about half the water inside the frog freezes it can survive for a week like this and it's because so normally the problem is you get ice crystals inside your cells and the cells rupture and you die that's what is is as soon as the ice crystals start to form inside the frog. The frog's liver goes into an emergency rapid response action.

It produces a load of glucose as its aggressor in its budget throughout the body, and it prevents the crystals forming in themselves for the glucose levels, Coral then shoot up fifty times as much laughed as soon as the first ice. Crystal forms for Galapagos with racing react. Wonder if you get an alcoholic frog, he's got liver damage, whether good incipient diabetes as well yeah, wow? Well I'll out, I mean I've got stories to tell about a program. That is your cause. It's really not very sound and the librarian is busy and she hen comes in into the library and goes and my brothers came grabs a book and gives it to him and the hand goes off and then the hand comes back quite a few hours later and goes Macbook

books have two under one wing and one or the other off goes the hen and then the hand comes back. It goes Macbook, macbook Macbook and the stumps, the three books that had been given, and so she gives another six book. And it's lunchtime that everything's going to see this extraordinary literary hen. And follows it down the street down little alleyways and then up into a door and the doors left open into the librarian. Watches the hand with these books, tucked under its wing, going all the way up to the top of the stairs and into a room the doors closed, but the librarian kneels down and looked through the keyhole and there on the bed is a frog with a little spotty bandage around its for dinner and have thermometer in it's mouth and the and takes them all the more drought and reads it and then hands book to the frog and foxes. Read it yeah, that's a fantastic fact,

I know the history, okay, that's it! That is all of our facts. Thank you so much for listening. If you'd like to get in contact with any of us about the things that we've said over the course of this podcast, we can be found on our twitter accounts imo. Pat Schreiber Land, Andy James, James Stephen?

I guess some followers of this and since you can email podcast at Huai, DOT, com yep, where you can go to our group, account at no such thing or go to our website. No such thing as a fish dot com where we have all of our previous episodes, you should also go to bookshops and to Amazon and wherever you can get books to get Stephen the new book, which has heroes as the story of the greek myths. It's an amazing book and yeah definitely get it for everyone for this Christmas. I know it's all right, okay, that's it we'll be back again next week, we'll see, then goodbye.