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Your first purchase welcome start off your place in the universe where science and pop culture collide not talk begin right now, this garden milligrams, placing your personal astrophysicist, and this is cosmic queries addition, which I love you loved to cause your sentence, questions all the time I got with me again facade the game. Welcome back Neil add further to be here. I welcome back and you still at it used to host a fake the nation one of the best Pakistan riddles ever. Thank you. So much worse. we'll go and hard at fake, the nation of the nation and I think you even extended me an invitation to return

when you are happens in other cartoon network. You you're, like, though you hosting a comedy festival without going either right, I'm a part of the adult Why I'm comedy first of all, and I'm just be doing some stand up in it? It's gonna be really fun cool cool, I wish there was that your profession is defined by whether you stay we're sitting just sit down this lady comedy like no other profession. We all talk about. You know what your legs are straight or not. This is reach would have them. The ways that comedians define themselves, justice, insider areas, boards, ligament and joint movement, ya, gonna be a stab astrophysicist go. I hurried colleague, professor at least at the welcome to start talks.

we are very happy to be here, the other you go in, and so your expertise book you normally so to have the astrophysics chops. When you have a deep deep appreciation for art and culture, and not just any culture but sort of indigenous cultures and their historical relationship and current relationship to the night sky, and have I calculated that accurately enough, yes and He also just want to say that its important for me to say a little introduction witches Mittal, create, oh yes, and to all my relations. Everyone here in this circle agree too, with a good heart my name's Lee I mixed Race Lakota ends. I am here on the land we call Minnesota Mukherjee, which is

land where the wider reflects the sky. You, Professor Astronomy Department of Physics at Saint Cloud State. University at an end and where is that our north of Minneapolis ogre, could Saint Cloud sounds like this of this earth was rarely previously sitting on a sitting on a cloud. So I find it to be a beautiful tradition to recognise the relationship of indigenous peoples to the land that you are occupying at any given time and place and I've I've been able to see some of that

and even participate in some of it in recent years? During travels to to Australia and New Zealand, and even though I was at a at an indigenous, we designate a part of the Grand Canyon. There were filling part of cosmos and it was a mistake. Was it's it's a beautiful traditions of thanks for bringing that to start off? Yes on with that It isn't. I say that this is the original territory of that Dakota and later or give way people. So these are my communities and it's really important acknowledge both that history and this present relationship- and I think the thing that you are talking about is one of the most important points because like as astronomers, it's all about like looking at the stars- and there are so many amazing in our physical properties and mysteries as well, that we do in the research area in a black holes whatever. But in our indigenous.

systems. It's this idea that we are related to earth and sky and even in the court. I have a word for it. It's a penny and compare. Many is as it is above it is below. So has to do with everything in the sky is reflected, are mirrored on the earth and, most importantly, we are a part of that because we come from a stars. We we carry earthen sky within us as our bones are made of earth or Physical Adams, and then our spirits come from the stars. So this idea of earth and sky and our participation embedded in in so much of what we are talking about here. It's it's just not just in Lakota in First Nations teachings, but also throughout all indigenous people. So when you said you were in an Mallory territory here in Australia, aboriginal lands, its

I think that I have even heard this concept is in the Bible, so it's like throughout human history and throughout time. This idea that there's this relationship between the above and below and our participation thats the key part, our participation in this has MC mirroring so back to you, with a national judges flow right there with done behind this movement. You- and I could say, let's go, have your now. Is this the sky, your world? We were drawn up. I feel, like I feel, like I just took ketamine, you don't owe me, don't you must be transported into another man. Also that you're really blowing my mind, because I thought the first person to like look at the stars and and noticed some stuff was some white in Europe. So you

telling me that might have been correctly remind teachings elementary school Well, maybe you can add a chapter to hear how to make white people last tell him. No, you were the murders of birth. Guys is another where, if you like, you were the first in Europe. So now what does it mean? Precisely when I learned that your director and founder of native sky watchers? What is that fell back? in two thousand and seven a start in organization aware indigenous sled grass roots in its all about revitalizing are indigenous connection to the sky, which is sky in earth and our participation in it, and it started out desire local Ajib way and Dakota Lakota Community knowledge holders and elders, and it is actually fuelled by

it is amazing thing some also planetarium director and I would be doing planetarium- shows just by nature, I be pointing out like will there's LEO the lion, but there is also the jib way lion machines. You area, like isn't a cool that the greek Lions Head is the jib way lions tail Ike. What the chances that anyone would see a lion anyway. He's in that pattern of stars. That looks like a backwards question mark, so I was pointing out these are cheap way in Dakota Lakota connections which has been put. saying that it's their tail rather than its the but its thereby one is that the mischievous? You is called the great Panther Brazil, so called curly tail and its ogre cat they mountain mind. Are we, down at her into a boy had their every detail is really required. Is how these stories about anyway. So

We now know our Niels head is, you can bring added, and I have a young kids at our boys. So there are we talking about button for far. then I answer it. Man I was in the poetry of an unjust. You know in the element you know you're in the dark. You feeling the magic of the planetary I'm in pointing out these stars and then afterwards, this teacher She was from a nearby reservation. So clearly you know at least half or class was visibly native and she ran up to me after the show us. Where did you get how do you find how? How do I get any resources? How do I find out anything about this? There's nothing available, and yet she told me the Minnesota states. Science standards had had one other, and marks was to bring in how people from all cultures have participated in science and impartiality ripe for the plucking regret

exactly, and so then, with some NASA support, we were able to do our first series of educator workshops and we created star maps and then Ricky, alarm and plan is fear. Just let me tell people always NASA's. Nasa is very good at funding programmes that train educators is that's the greatest leverage point you have in the end the whole system of learning. So it's really delighted to hear that the day, Look around this as well. Since I interrupted oh no, I was great because every time embarrassingly, I didn't even know about these states standards, and so when she told me this I said well. This is what I do This is my community. This is my work and you know come too workshop and and so really it was kind of like that. Would you call that that perfect moment, like being the perfect place, it per perfect, pertinent, perfect place

the perfect planets alone. They have been that's where we started and then since than with, where it is economic declared suddenly game because he's an actual astrophysicist. She knows the planets were. Warnings are meaningless, France, so I had to try it out of her maker, say: ok, ass to a crisis is inside jokes, some tax there. She was not going to save until I made her saying, I'm happy to step outside the backs. No problem any time so yeah we just kind of went on from there and now it's exploded with we have international. nerves and relationships, and not just our ojibways, like local ojibways HU, the Lakota, but we do that as well as national work. We work rate. Now we have a cohort for with Hawaiian at the volcano school.

with my with F, in American down in Mexico. The come Keck it goes on and on that straight australian aboriginal, I have Maori collaborator, so we are so excited to be global Europe. Excellence observed, which started is just a simple encounter became now. This movement, which I think is, is brilliant and beautiful enough. I noticed from your resume was: haven't empathy fine arts is incorrect. Yes, definitely am I missing thousandfold into you're you're you're, your work, your efforts here did you criticise the drawings constellations. I could do better. Stick figures I do have a really high via when it comes to visuals. Fides where it comes together is that I have been a practising visual artists, were I mean I can remember, I'm being in

shows in and winning awards for arts in Grade school always loved art, but just like I've, always loved math astronomy people, ask me what came first and I said: well, let it or you could say both because I was born like this, like I always love the stars, I always love sitting under the stars and now loved like that analytics the math doing math, and I always science and I've always loved doing art in so basically to me where comes together. Is we ve been doing a tremendous amount of video project productions and digital media and this is really taken off because, as with covered another NASA grand and this project was called to I'd. Seen in this was just last year, and let me explain, this is called at a Warped, a monk

adopt a monk is the MECCA word for two I'd seen in comes from my colleagues over in Nova, Scotia, Carroll and awkward in her elders, and basically, it means to see with the best in one eye with the indigenous way of knowing and see what the? ass in the other eye that, with the western science way of knowing but the key part to see with both eyes, for the benefit of all, they call it the gift of multiple perspectives. I have an astigmatism in one eye. Where does that leave me? Nor are we leave you out, you invite me like a library of centred. I think, because everyone should be a slightly off centred.

well, I don't want to give the world is messed up enough. We can have you in your astigmatism defining ever comes alive. I would be dry, I'm the one be drawing. Those take. Figures was another beautiful consonant expert sharing it I want to remind people. This is a cosmic worries and we took this topic out to our patron members who get exclusive access to this question and answer session. So in it they get their question. Everyone is to hear it, but they get to ask the questions soon again. What the first question or gas, Daniel colleague Cow Ski, who is a fellow Minnesota's, says, I'm wondering what your views are on the current state of light pollution around the world and any negative impact it has on people's feelings and perceptions about the night sky. What is a very topical

take a break and when we come back, we're gonna find out what a net has to say about pollution, because in asked in astronomy, like pollution is equivalent in it. The damage that it does for access to the universe as air pollution is in its damage to our lungs. that too far- and I go too far and now let s see the game we. What can we do? What do we do? This Russia, she's gonna, be I never knew him right back. You right, hey, I'm Royal Percival and I support star talk on patron, bringing the universe down to earth. This is star talk

with Neil De Grass Thyssen we're back door about what the universe like to indigenous people. looks a little different from what you probably been taught his school, and we ve got one of the world's experts on that professor at Natalie at Saint Cloud. That soon again we left off with a question about my pollution and whose that, from again that's re, Daniel Click, Husky was king about your views on the current state of light pollution around the world and if there is any negative impact on people's feelings and perceptions about the night sky, would he heard? Oh, we always lie pollution. I'm gonna start there We say yes, I am very concerned about like pollution. I've done a lot of work with the International Dark Sky Association and idea is that from

indigenous practice and way of life the sky in our connection with the sky. It's an essential. It's not an option. It's an accessory! It's the place where we come from the stars are not just physical, distant, abstract balls of plasma gas. Those our relatives are oldest living. Relatives and interweaving have in the quota. Others teachings at the stars at the breath of the spirits into it. So it's not it's about like a family reunion, its blocking that level of connection, and I want to say that so much of my work, it does have to do with it.

ISIS and stomach kitchen and in bringing in more pathways for our black and brown indigenous students by its also about wellness, because we we have a problem right. If students don't have a reason for living, if they're in so much pain and crisis and trauma that their literally giving up on life, and I'm talking about the youth suicide statistics, which are sky high here in Minnesota, no no pun intended, but there, the rate is like three times higher for our native youth- and these are my kids right- and this is our arse new youth suicide rate is higher in a sort of four native kids. Then it is across the

in her native kids. It's really high. There's disparities in the education system. Minnesota is always first, second or third in the disparity in graduation waits between majority kids, a minority kids so back to the pollution. If out, it was about disillusion that it's all connected, and the idea is that we have this teaching where we come from the stars. At this moment of our lifetime is just a blink. here in our material form, you know, but our original form is a spiritual form from the stars. and so we come here with purpose right enemy. Asia is, is it only like pollution, because, Supposin again does stand up thing and it comes on at night. I'm watching her. Instead of going out looking up in the sky,

using every distraction that exists in modern living that distracts us in the evening. Isn't that tantamount to lie pollution with women HBO when Disney, plus and less lakes, and all these I come home and at my first thought, Let me been something or let me watch a movie or many western again and we stand not to sit down a stand up its art. Are you also competing with all the rest of these cultural forces? Yes, absolutely we, we are a very good practice. We have very short attention: spaz we're looking for the next funding, but the there's something really important and fundamental about our connection to the stars and that there should be a place for that. There should be a kind of protection for that. I know that, with the International Dark Sky Association there we ve created this protection protected areas,

we talk about the extinction like the night sky, is going extinct and so you'll hear Minnesota it's a luxury because we can drive in five ten minutes in really see dark skies. We can really see that and dromedary galaxy we can really see the northern lights. Re mean your New York City. While I really feel free to go yet You have played a very array. Failure which we just with, which is working together, is the planet, I am dome and put up the fake and the state of game. Just say in defence of myself, though, that my stand up is not the enemy of the cosmos. If anything it squid game saw Oh, let's anger. You know Knowed, where popular culture is right. Now gorgeous blame saw, mills stood for you know a dead. I actually, I grew up in the desert of Southern California in a town called palm springs and they have very strict light police.

Lies. So I live in New York City now where, in my estimation we don't have stars in palm springs. We have a ton of stars. I grew up with seeing a lotta scars beat stars because there are very serious about pollution in keeping with your s. Eyes were unclear. There are waiting Thirdly, as they often see them there is, there is too there's two of everything they never get it through. My mother, my eyes, I just got another question. Okay, so J Hunt Ass, I was wondering how indigenous tribes, constellations, identification and sky tracking has changed the centuries. What are some of the more famous constellations that have made it into the modern lexicon or interesting so the chain- is over the ages. I think one of the biggest things to say about that is the idea of loss. We,

lost a lot of our star knowledge in our cultural knowledge and our languages because of colonization in this star maps that we created in a working with elders and other primary sources there's a lotta like blank spaces and now any new elder Wilfred Buck. He talks about the eye here that you know before colonization. That map would have been filled up just like what we think of now. As the greek map, it would have been dense every single star and even the dimmer stars, there's constellations, but now look at our consultations in theirs, their sums bases and that's part of that loss. So think the first thing about abortion is out here? How? Well it's not all bad vote, because you know it's not all gone, it's not too far gone. We have hope

have. We still have you no Wilfred says you know it would be like. We still have that fifteen percent left and we're rebuilding it. You know, but the eighty five percent was lost due to colonization, so anyways, I think, It's like white comes to my mind in just a really honest way that even though a lot of people in history class and all we learn that color You know back in the one thousand four hundred to one thousand five hundred the first most important thing is that we are still living living in the wake of that In that event, so where we are today, has everything to do with what happened five hundred five hundred years ago. There's there's no denying that. I think it's is extremely important to acknowledge that. So that's why we're trying to build back. I'm working right now with make my elders and knowledge holders and were in the process of creating their star map. So, like I said, there's a lot of hope here

you, ain't gonna, be like all negative. By also we have to be honest. We know that that this is happening in its apart of where we are today. So back to the question. What did things I go to? Is the big dipper, because the big debars so popular, you know it's something that everyone in here in the northern hemisphere, kind of nose, those seven bright stars and so like, for example, we think of Ursa Major through that so called Greek constellations are asterism nicknames for the stars in the big deeper and we also have a lot of teachings. There are like one from the enemy is a bear as well, but it faces in the opposite direction. So, just like I was saying like with the curly tale, Would you boy mountain lion? We have the same lion with the greek women LEO. The line is, we have other teachings with the bear, and the bear for us is more to do with like a medicine.

And also the bare has to do with it. one of the only animals- that's too legged, so there's really important story that has to do with like people cuz we're two legged right. So there's like the wicked ones, the ones that crawl there's the four legged. You know like mammals- and you know, dogs and but then there's a two legged, and so we are the two legged but see the bear is kind of one of those animals. That's also sometimes two legged, but this is a key point. The the two legged represent and bring wisdom, so the bear has wisdom and we as humans have wisdom. So that's kind of like what we bring like to the whole circle

that is really important, because it's because we have our wisdom- and we have our strong, critical mines that we can get out of these situations that we're in right now that there is so much hope. You know that we can create a better future and that's why we're here talking about it right so, ultimately, is totally an optimistic and lets us create something better for our kids. We know. Let's, let's address some of the crisis. Good interests is Miss Arbe, stupid observation to share with you. Ve got a circus action to see dogs performing the dog, typically walking on legs. More than other breeds of dogs is the poodle given notice at the poodle is walking on us to highlight more often than other greens of dogs, and they say that the poodle is the smartest among the dogs. So you time at wisdom among the two legged walkers,

was wondering I haven't, had any interaction with poodles. Our work is like that. I think that an early at a national level We do not achieve their tail. That is a non thing for good, for my thought about. The bears is that there are a cross over category and the two like it in the four legged sort of like when Justin Bieber started singing in Spanish and he became a crew had aroused risk that this, only a better analogy them, although I would say no, we ball sort of failed and one other thing they gave me. Maybe you don't know this, but the greek rendering, of course, a major? Is a big chubby bear with a big bushy tail, but bears don't have tales? It'll have big wishing to so it's it's an anatomically forced addition to the species

simply because they were connecting the dots it's like early animation just like exaggerated? Maybe you have tells withdrew Nobby stubby things that are barely even visible in the dense density, air, so yeah Annette Woody? What are they to do with with the bears? the existence or non existence of a tale Oh, that's a good question. I haven't heard any. We know kid stories about the known the planetarium, the planetarium there's a typical story about how the bear the lake hail frozen in the lake There's the other funny story about how zero, just briefly just finish. There I think, was given some food additives. Round. It got a fish out of the lake and then its took so long to eat it and the tail froze in the lake and then stepped away, and the tail broke off

and so the early bears, have tales, but the later ones down- and so I am That'S- really tall tale. Whose came sweeping down to save the bearers from Hara? And so he grabbed the bears by the only Then he could their short tails swung around to get enough momentum to your wisdom up into the cosmos and then that stretched out their shells are anyways. Does a very silly planetarium tales that we tell about the bears tales? Many of those consultations that we think of ass the greek mainstream type consolations actually were borrowed from the Babylonians. So you probably No, I don't know if you ve come across that, but especially this odious. Conceal battle is a deep in there and yeah there's a visit. There is some kind of smoke screen, where the real influence a batch of ancient in the ancient peoples of Babylon, don't make it through, and we just stops agrees, but

on behalf of that, is that right from my understanding, it has to do with? You know that the Greeks abalone ends and Egyptians rate there along the Mediterranean Sea? So there is, a lot of you know ring and mixing and worrying everything, but yeah you're right there, actually ended up just being labelled. Now we think of it all that comes from the greek tradition, but there's so much more to the story and I think that that's really the Babylonians gave us based sixty, which is what witches and and scientists on keeping yeah sixty seconds. Sixteen men, In an hour, and then all know, the Egyptians brought in the idea that twelve, they twelve hour days with the sun, going cross and and down into the underworld so there's a lot of like cultural stories and and knowledge is here embedded even and just we can just scratch the surface and then there's it's so much more interesting than you know what we originally think of. It just come

I'm one culture. Therefore, ok, Magdalena, gay Egyptians, Bigley, indifferent also gave us beer, so you could get drunk and look at stars. Their road does credit where credit is due neutral guy, so mad hair field has a question that requires a little bit of visualization. Is the moon was not totally locked with the and instead rotated at some observable rate, making it more. Obviously, a three dimensional object. How do you think would have changed the way ancient humans perceived the cosmos, so that applies in the people thought. The moon, which is a flight disk, isn't always showed one side and then thought about it the network? What is your research, Toyota rather deep question? Let me think how well the moon, I guess off the top of my head, the thing

I I don't feel that it would change a great deal that indigenous tee instead I am familiar with, and I can speak for everyone, obviously by because that the teachings with the moon? It's all about relationships and anyway Doesn't matter like it's almost like that's like a technicality like you know, it's too here three d or whatever I mean ok, yeah, that's cool, that's interesting! But that's more like a geometrical fact. I ain't goin more important that the grandmother moon is seen as a relative, a close relative as helping us as connected with time keeping and connected with what we call turtle island so here in Europe. Eric. I know this is Turtle Island, there's a lot of stories about this being connected with the term.

and the turtle has twenty eight large sections on the back. So that's connected with the moon and so The turtle also is important having to do with like the beginning of life, which also connects with the moon no. We think the idea of having a large moon, close in was helpful for helping to like nurture and life and also that it created the tides. So the tides helped the the the life that was existing on the earth for so long. Only in the ocean came out of the ocean onto the land reign in. It just happened more recently, but this has had to do with them. That aids in the moon is one of the main sources of the tides, so these are like deeper connections have to do it at the turn of the moon life on earth, and I think that that is way more important. The moon also has to do with heart, beat and because of the changing phases of light and Arbs makes

If you watch it invests motion and it feels and looks just like a heartbeat, so it has to do with our our human heartbeat and the term, but I would add that it would be hard to explain a flat disk model, given the curve of the shadowing as the moon goes to its crescent phase. You know spheres will give you that that kind of like pattern on it, I'm not flat discs so interesting, interesting that we have taken on the brake and when we do, in that. With your permission, can we go into a lightning round in chair? I answered questions in five seconds to get through more questions than we otherwise would do this. Luxurious to give the full hammer of your breadth of knowledge. to each of these ok right anyway, I'm go with the flow of trying, on average, outlining the larger states put its different

and again you have lightning questions Linda, oh yeah, locker, alright, will weaken very Have you any annual sum lightning bolts? That's direction start. We're back we're talking about what this guy looks like two people were not white by characterized correctly. Aren't we ever irrational guest here? Who is a world expert on this very topic and at least from Saint Cloud University just north, Minneapolis, Sir we're in the middle of some cosmic worries with her and again facade is now going to take us. the lightning rod with their, but before we do that, just because

my second begin tell us how we find you in social and social media. Oh, you can find me an again of our side on Instagram on Twitter, even on Tik Tok, oh yeah, oh yeah, guys, don't worry, I don't dance on it so guys or even from that urban Then how do we find you in the social universe? I don't even know what Tik Tok is so yeah, I just start email native sky waters, edge emails outcome, Oh ok, your website, ass, a website, the website native Skylight, Eurostat, Org, natives parameters that come. Oh, we unless a cool projects, that link up learning on instruments, twitter and Facebook and others were, will find you're all your activities very excellent. Ok, the game Frozen widening boats at a Nazi Germany. These present hearing

oh down upon me areas. Are there any astronomical discoveries made by western scientists that indigenous people of North Amerika had already known so when it was announced the index community was like oh yeah. We knew that awhile ago, where you bed, what what is it? What's the best example of this sum you will notice the son who goes from east to West. and higher or lower, and there's a beautiful pattern that with the sun, if you watch it throughout the year? But what about the moon? Did you notice the mean? Has a pattern there. It rises where it sets hello how high and so this moon arms rising in setting pattern is a really another beautiful dance. That is done in relation to the sun. Well, so anyways it's kind of complicated, but basically I remember learning about it and then one day I was talking to you, way elder and he was Ike. Oh yeah short shadows, walking, homes, no shoeing short, sit short search

shadows, so what he was talking about is in the middle of winter, when there's no shoeing across a frozen lake. Ok, up in Canada and in the admit night, the moon, the moons out, but the moon, has a really high path across the sky in the middle of winter, because its opposite, the sun, so the sun is low in the winter, the moon is really high you stay with me alone is really high. So when you're walking on your snowshoes across a frozen lake in its forty below then there's can be a really short shadow, because the moon is basically equally overhead closer, so something that most like whatever mainstream western sciences? a folks, don't even know about the path of the moon and the height of the moon and in a seasonal pattern, its tell me never leave and tied in typical, asked her whether one clauses are ito any level that this was like every day.

common, like you know, yeah, like yeah, yeah, short shadows in the winter. I know that is to the benefit of simply paying attention to what's going on in the sky, going on around you right. Ok. So now we have the dock ninety seconds, then I only going to tie for another time, slatternly another one. Go robber brought her asks how his science education changed over the last decade and how will it continue to change to keep children and teens interested, and their learning furthering their. For scientific discovery in all aspects of the science fields. So how is a change? Ok, Sir its change by what had what used to be the lecture model, a standard model. As the teacher like all knowing and students, has blink slates. Well, all the research shows that doesn't work right, and so this idea

active learning and then my research and other folks in the area of astronomy, education, research, the idea that we can bring culture and our manatee back into learning science, and we can have students, learn more science, envy engaged and then the other ideas dear of like stem identity in science identity. That is not enough. Just to know the facts are to be good enough to know the facts, because we have half of those kids are dropping out at the college level out of stem the what need to do is to create a welcoming communities are dropping off. You may switching major sweatshirt, something I guess we switch right or their travelling dropping out of school is switching therefore, we have a problem, and then, on top of that we have a retention problem because their switching, even the aim be students are switching to stem, and so we, about the psychology alot of the research now and of education has to do with the psychology like hey

why would they be dropping out, is because they don't feel a sense of community it's because they don't see themselves as a stem professional. so creating opportunities and professional pathways where they can be like rubbing, elbows with NASA scientists or in a world class working on work, rural world class telescopes, at the high school or even elementary level since become more of a holistic experience, events as an educator and as a student in a word holy Dick and then also, bringing in more of our humanity like that? We don't have. If we're gonna do science, we don't have to be robots, we do have to be machine. And we can. We can multitask right now, machine,

good at multitasking. So we can so we don't have to like pretend like we don't have hearts or we're not. You know we don't have bias, we can just say yeah, but we're going to practice the methods of science as best we can but still admit that we're still human beings and they're still culture happening as a part of this All right, but you still failed to get a little better. Maybe you have to say a negative three second Robert Weaver asks what is your favorite observation of the night sky that can be seen without the assistance of a telescope? I like that one. I love looking at the nice guy without a telescope Are there so many? How many? How we can put this in a negative three seconds no he's gonna give the best. Pleiades Pleiades is known as the banana Giesecke try to say that began again.

Alonzo German. Each giveaway word for the hole in the sky. So it's kind of a doorway us as a star doorway between the wolf, the physical, plain and spiritual plain. We're gonna get So I can just leave you hang in there, but I love to see the plane. I am sure you know if you look for other regional art in earlier, we ve looked. I looked at a lot of what they were trade and the pleadings or in practically every our aim in Marine yeah throughout human history. It that's, probably the number one go to where all the cultures have some amazing teachings related to the pleadings. And then, when you I love to look to the side, and then you can use your averted vision, you're, Iraq's and city or cones. Then you see it just pop.

You have to do that right now, Jane you ve done that right. It pat she's got a signal to let's leave well talk, it doesn't matter if your eyes off centre, you can still do it because you just look at intervals indirectly. Aren't you who decide in your using your rods and city or cones, and it just gets brighter its total magic. You gotta, try. I feel, I feel so. I feel so naked that you your referred to my rods and co violently, because I didn't like it I'm an hour rated podcast. I think I have that you in one eye, so I don't. I don't feel like that's a deal breaker at all, there's so much you can call stuffed when we look at the sky,

and that's one of the things I love you can do it with Andromeda Galaxy to excellent avert. You suggest to be formal about a drama galaxy. Is these single farthest object, visible to the unaided human eye in the sky? Then it's two million light years away since the farther subject, but could begin compelling Ok here we go. Adventure asks a please tell me your, whereas amazes me, that allowed edge of adventure of elderly the. Why, instead of any, please tell me your thoughts on the commonalities and differences in cosmology, astrology, astrophysics in astronomy and yes, line sir. I love star. Talk too, we even have a line. Dance called Mars needs of women. the five seconds and commonalities and differences between them? All of these things,

How are you humbler Reese? I would request that question. Please I'm just gonna recast it and that you studied cultures, indigenous cultures, better, hugely geographic, separated. Presumably they each have an origin story for the universe or further culture for people for the earth. Is there something that you can say that they all have in common That is especially different about them in five seconds. Argovie Tenzin! Ok, when thing that's come in the idea that the earth is very old and that humans are very new and that there's like this been different versions of life on earth like in science. We have just seen them here was here. Eddie, you know if evolution right, but in indigenous challenges, there's. Basically the story is a lot more interesting and complex. There were different versions of

humans being on earth and then destruction happening Where is it started a new light? In Lakota like ice, how came out the bear? The motto is the bear, and this idea humans. Human, kind of got out a balance and then their earth did this like reset. Where is it and there was disaster and flooding in fires and then we got another chance, and so this is our second chance so anyways that idea that earth is much older in much more to the story than just one, one version of humanity. I guess it over short answer Then I guess the biblical correspondence that everybody knows what yeah yeah, I know, existed before that and after it, and so there's no anti delusion and post illusion stories about humans. Yasser there's a lot of teaching.

Can think of to look. It has to do with you know before we got to the time were in now and unlike the relationship between humans and animals wondering that's really cool as idea that humans and animals can talk to each other, not in the non verbal language like we think of today, like horse whispering is a very bad, but, like the literally talk each other, but then things got out a balance and things got two chaotic and so that there was this period of like destruction and then started a new with like new new rules and regulations, in order, may have to say my pomeranian, and I had a really nice try this morning, so it was mostly about treats, but I feel like he still does something Ok, you haven't Pomerania, let your there's no, I haven't Pomeranian, never told me there. Oh yeah, maybe we haven't different Billy had an eye on that from the beginning. That's a small door,

is it so it's a bit more here than body, and it's about this is no bigger than half of basketball, and I have the larger ones the Pomerania is embarrassingly cute. That's it it's too it's no animal should be that you and it is added owes it, and so it's something I just think. If our wolf, I would just feel so bad that they took my dna make us think about. If I lived into the night sky, I think I would see many Pomeranian like I would Polly mostly Sea winds in the name of unemployment and poverty in modern times about a brutal and again take it out of poverty, and you have also moved on

there's a little better. That's a little more true to the roots list living one more question I am at and that any gotta Gimme only ten seconds, and here we go Georgetown or asks. How did the indigenous peoples of North America create Kieva? Is that capture the right sun on the spring and fall Equinox an example being chalk o Canyon in New Mexico somebody's been around somebody doing some homework are right and that what it was, but he had to say about the holidays. Maxwell like down in this house Those are my collaborators Nancy Mary Boy in David, the gay there. The go to talk to their now Oh dna and they can talk about the far below in the dna connections and the chuckle canyon. I mean so by the way, so you in your website that the sky Watcher website, I'm too we have reference to all your other collaborators there and some of their work is well yeah yeah. You can see that in two I'd seen project you can see the video recordings live stream and we,

Our indigenous knowledge holders, working with students, indigenous students and their teachers, and they created content related to you know this indigenous astronomy and NASA Science and what was most meaningful to them. I highly recommend you go in and check that out. You might spend a little more time. the new thinking and action. A lot has to be. If you did it, if you do the site right, that's what should be happening to people's right. These they'll get lost in it lost in a very good way, so we got a call acquits. There. Never has been great to have you on this to meet a fellow planetarium and will find some other excuse to get you back on we'll talk, plan terms. don't tell her. You know better changing their showed. A dog talk is what words never left alive stream radiation No thanks, it was founded.

And again always good to have you as a co host my gun, Are you having renewal and on the cartoon network? And I look forward to that? Yes, Neil, alright, we're good here. So again, thanks again, I enjoyed this. This show this so much to learn and know about peoples of the world that and always the ones that are in your face, telling you what they think you should now takes a little effort and its richly rewarded, and I'm glad we have focused in that folks, like you, were just in their get the job done and taken names. So thanks for what you do when you to the world and for being a guest on Neely Grass, placing your personal and, as always, I give rubbing.