My friend kept complaining about car insurance. I need affordable insurance to get back on the road I gotta get to work, so I played this sound body and she was like Clayton. I can't say final believes. Every line deserve affordable coverage in just three minutes. You can save big with low down payment on state minimum coverage. Business down call one eight hundred C4 over your quote today. Welcome to stuff humanist and history, glass of production I heart radio hello and welcome to the past, I'm howling fry and I'm Tracy wealth it so presented very lucky, because one of my awesome friends brought me a bunch of garden play.

Recently in yeah, who is a person? You also know- and I love this because she participates in a community garden, so she gets all kinds of good stuff through lake seedling swaps and what not? So I got a nice variety. I got some peppers and tomatoes and squash in some basal from her, and I had already started, a bunch of mint in my house, so that they can always have You know he goes on and all of this kind of needed to be moved into planters, and so I finally start doing that and, as I was that you now doing this, I had one of those very simple but profound moments where I found myself thinking about all of the places and efforts and plants then have contributed over time to me on my Baghdad. Eating soil out of my compost, bins to make new homes for always plants might sound a little self important, really it was more like I'm part of a bigger picture in it. I don't know it just hit me in the moment. She has got me thinking about gardening and how is really gardening. More than almost any

other sort of obvious thing is a living history that connects us to all places and people through time, because rightly people five thousand years ago did not have a local improvement, store or a big box store where they could go get fertilizer we'd management, in abundance, firmer entire Isle of shelves of these kinds of things. Yet lots of plants that are useful or delightful to humans have survived and even thrived for thousands of years, so that we can continue to plant their descendants today in our home, gardens and sister. My head that so we have talked about various specific gardening topics. Before rightly we ve talked about roses and we fact about historical gardens at the history centre and some others in some of those will come up here. But I wanted take a look at how gardening developed in North America to contextual eyes, some of those other topics but, of course, It also does involve things that happened around the globe prior decolonization so to level set. This is definitely one

it's more north american than anything else. It's definitely more focused on the idea of a garden, then landscaping or growing crops that their some overlap, because some those learning, this kind of contribute to gardening, so we for example, be talking lake about when various cereal greens were grown in various historical cultures, and we also won't have a whole lot of discussion. Of east asian gardening that really amazing history, all its own- that I would love to tackle one day, but it is way outside the scope of this. We do talk about some influences on western gardening from EAST Asia, though the first we're gonna talk about North Amerika before colonists, and then some of the history that led up to Europeans bringing their own gardening ideas to North America and then how gardening developed and shifted once the colonies were published and beyond leading more or less to present day. This is, as you may demand, and a lot, so it is by no means comprehensive work, really just trying to hit a few of the highlights that connect garden.

Traditions of today to history. So all gardening starts in the same place. Humans didn't invents, ants out of thin air in the earliest precursors to gardening, started historically, with somebody nurturing a useful plant species in that plants, natural habitat and then starting to play at them more deliberately closer to where they lived or traveled, so that they would have here and faster access to these plants. So of course long before Europeans ever showed up on the north american continent. There were people here, color eating plants, and most of this, far more closely under crops than gardening, we're talking about things like gourds and potatoes and maize that were being grown accordingly, goods in what's moderately Mexico. As far back as fifty five hundred BC e in some cases and for what

cultures that we're living in the Americas. There was already this deep understanding of how cultivated growing impacted the land. So a lot of the early practices here were focused on sis inability that is not a new concept, and these techniques were then later picked up by gardeners who move in North Amerika from Europe. So, for example, companion planting was practised by the Wapanachki people as well as others, and that has come to be known as the three sisters technique and let us when three different crops were grown together that all supported each other in the soil, so one configuration is growing, corn or maize, along with pull beans and squash altogether. In the same tracked, the corn offers climbing space for the beans. The beans enrich the soil with nitrogen that they pull from the air and the squash provides a soul.

Protective ground cover and a path deterrent that helps to keep the smaller plants healthy, actually saw will article about a similar idea in gardens. Today, that's was combining sunflowers with other plants to grow them together in a way that NASH, We supported each other yeah and there are even some people who have taken kind of this three sisters technique. It still gets used today, and they add a flower component So there are a lot of ways that this has been developed, but it really is kind of a wonderfully balanced idea and another technique that was well established. By indigenous populations in North Amerika was what we would now call no till gardening. So in this case, instead of digging up the soil to plant seed, The soil is undisturbed in the ceding phase seeds.

Lay down and then in a fresh layer of compost is added on top of them and, as a consequence, the healthy soil that's been developed remains intact. Ineffectually prolongs its viability for future planting other techniques or also part of indigenous gardening practices for centuries before they were adopted by colonists who right on the continent, so terrorist gardening, to manage erosion and inconsistent rain cycles. Irrigating using catchment and water run off reservoirs of directing the water flow, with dugout canals or in the nations in the earth, seed saving, naturally fertilizing with things like fish or remnant vegetation among others. These these kinds of things come up a lot on our unearthed episodes, railways, finding new evidence of new things that people were doing to cultivate plants yeah. I also love how a lot of these things get discussed when you're talking about

modern gardening in its lake. This isn't a new idea, People have been doing this, for this is not new in the least in addition to the indigenous gardening practices the colonists encountered and learned when they arrived in North America, Europeans also brought with them gardening knowledge that had roots all the way back in Mesopotamia, as that includes Babylon and Persia, as well as ancient Egypt, for we know that there were a variety of garden styles throughout Mesopotamia, the hanging gardens of Babylon or one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. After all, although their day usually puts them at around six hundred Bc Ii as an origin point- and obviously there was planned Innovation in the area way before that yeah Orchard Gardens were cultivated as well as Temple Gardens designed to honour deities, and there were also gardens cultivated in courtyards within palaces, and we know all this based on argue

logical findings over the years, but we really dont have a lot of specifics on how most of these gardens were designed. We just have sort of snippets of them nation, like seeing the use of trees and straight lines right next to walls. Gardens were created in Egypt as far back as ten thousand b c and included the three types of gardens that we just mentioned in egyptian gardens. Sycamores date, palms and fir trees were used to form grand gardens that were pretty architectural in their design. They were highly ordered and precise in the placement of the flora. Both mesopotamian and egyptian gardens were often intended to offer an escape from the

and the dryness of the desert so kind of a respite of shade and beauty. Yeah. It's like her. I won't. I would like to build a small oasis within the walls of my compounds. That sounds great to me. By six thousand b c e gardens had started to appear in Greece and, in addition to those three types of gardens that were used in prior locations, that we mentioned The common architecture Greece may have given rise to small personal garden, so most families lived, these sort of small homes, but they had courtyards and while there isn't certain evidence in the matter and has been the year is that one of the functions of those courtyards was as a place for small gardening projects in addition

common other uses like as a common living area and as a place to cook ancient Rome as where we start seeing more recorded information about gardens and their use. Is there a triumphs found in the town homes of rooms, wealthy inhabitants would have multiple garden areas. Peristyle court often contained a family shrine and the garden surrounding that would have been ornamental. The hardest courtyard was used for cultivating fresh fruits and vegetables, and the apron courtyard would have been where rain water was collected and cisterns and may have also included some ornamental plants and villas. Side of the heavily populated areas. Courtyard gardens were also popular and also a lot grander in scale as roman military efforts moved into Europe over time, so did their gardening aesthetic. So when roman officials, for example, would conquer a place and then move

into that conquer territory. They would then have homes built that included all of the comforts of home as they knew it, including gardens. Another carrier of the garden tradition for from western Asia into Europe was the spread of Islam that started in the eighth century. When Islam, it forces attacked the Iberian Peninsula just, as was the case with roman officials. The conquering muslim leaders set up new homes in Spain and they also had gardens planted by the middle ages. Gardens were spread throughout Europe in castles, monasteries manner, houses and private homes of the upper middle class, as well as smaller subsistence gardens for the lower classes. One of the common features of castles during this time is something I absolutely love. It's an urban

That's a small private pleasure garden used almost as an outdoor room. There were also food gardens associated with most castles. Often those were outside of the castle. Walls to include things like fruit, orchards and large scale, vegetable gardens, monastery gardens were filled with produce plants as well as medicinal herbs, and this ties into our recent episode when we talked about barber surgeons and the ways that, Monks had at one point function that I'm more medical care giver role in just a moment. We're going to talk about the first known english language text on gardening, and it is pretty delightful, but before we get to that, we will take a quick sponsor break change. The way you think about your home with homes. Hence the newest member of the homeless family. They ve got everything for your home inside and out home sense lets. You re, imagine every room with fresh discoveries furniture. You bet rugs lots of them.

Table lamps floor. Lamps chandelier is yes, yes and yes, plasters wall, art, oversized mirrors and enough outdoor furniture and a court to make your backyard the envy of the neighborhood, grabbed the melamine dishes you ve been looking for or that six peace outdoor set with same day delivery. You can have it today, homes, This is a new shopping adventure. Every time you visit, new fines arrive all the time so every day, you'll find incredible. Savings on different must have de corps protest. If you see something you love, don't wait because at home sense finds go fast, get the brains. You love at prices. That makes sense, so you can make the most of your home for life take a virtual tour and find a store near you at home sense dot com. This episode has brought you by progressive,

saving money on your car insurance is easy. With progressive it's an average savings of over seven hundred fifty dollars for customers who switch and save. In fact, customers can qualify for an average of six discounts on their auto policy when they sign up. Count for things like enrolling an automatic payments ensuring more than one car going paperless and, of course, being a safe driver. There are many ways to save when you switch and once you're a customer with progressive you get unmatched claim service with twenty four seven support online or by phone. It's no one. Why more than twenty two million drivers trust progressive and why they climb to the third largest Otto ensure in the country, see all the discount for yourself at progressive dot com your quota mine in his low, is five minutes and find out how much you could be saving today. National annual average Otto Insurance savings by new customer service and twenty nineteen potential savings will vary

count very and are not available in all states and situations somewhere. In the early to mid fourteen hundred's, the earliest english language. Gardening book was written, actual estimated through our kind of all over the place, but regardless of the exact origin date, the feats of gardening attributed to author John Gardener offers massive amount of information for horticulture is to draw from Trinity College. Cambridge has the we known copy. It is eighty eight pages long, although the last dozen of those pages are very damaged. We, don't know who John Gardener was, although there has been plenty of speculation. Interestingly, a good bit of this gardening manual was written in verse and in a commentary on the book written in eighteen. Ninety three by an honourable Alisha EM

his and amber. Sir John gardeners. Writing in gardening is critical as follows: quote John Gardener must certainly have been are practical Gardner, as the poem is a series of most sensible and reasonable instructions for growing fruits, herbs and flowers, and his work is singularly free from the superstitious beliefs and astrology and the extravagant fancies and experiments and grafting and rearing plants, especially fruit, trees, so prevalent in the writings of this period that he was not skilled and making verses can be seen by his poem. The lines frequently fail to scan and many of the right are very imperfect. I love that criticism so to give you a taste, gardeners verse begins with a MRS kind of amended from its its original language to be a little easier to understand, but for the most part, it's all there

How so well a gardener be here he may both here and see every time the year end of the month and how the craft shall be done in what manner he shall delve and set both in drought and in wet how he shall his seed so of every month. He must know both of warts leak onions and of garlic person. Cleary and also sage and all other herbage. I went to think garlic as garlic from

I now made seed or so years. Part of the section on grafting. Thou must graphs apple and pear from the month of September, two April, with saw thou, shout the tree cut and with a knife smooth make it clean between the stock of the tree, wherein that thy graft shall be make the cutting of that graft between the new and the old staff so that it be made to life as the big and the edge of a knife. A wedge thou set in the midst of the tree, that every side from other flee till it be opened wide. Wherein the graft shall be laid.

I find this whole thing. Incredibly. Turning the oldest known, botanical garden is the botanical garden of Pisa that was established at the University of Pisa to House LUCA Genie of the Mullahs, Arboretum close on its heels, another botanical garden was founded and fifteen. Forty five at Padua University, the auto botanical, was established to give the medical school at Padua ready access to medicinal plants, the botanical garden. Had you still exists today as a teaching garden, it has an estimated six thousand plants in its collection and also a UNESCO World heritage site and its open to the public. You'll sometimes see the Padua Garden list as the oldest. This is because the Pisa Botanical Garden his moved twice and in relocating it forfeited that oldest

Oh yeah, both sometimes get get called the oldest. Nobody seems to spend up about it during the early renaissance, in Europe, Gardens expanded in size as the next step to the grandeur of expansive, formal garden, so during Hi Renaissance was, when gardens really started, to become more highly formalised with those intentions of creating huge visual spectacles that highlighted the grand homes of families that could afford extravagant landscaping. So the

geometric designs were a display of both wealth and taste, while we're not talking about Asia's gardening history. So much in this episode, we do need to note that it was certainly influencing the western world's gardening aesthetics. A one thousand six hundred and eighty five essay written by Sir William Temple really extolled the virtues of the EAST asian gardening style, which was more in tune with nature and not about forcing rigidity on to it. At the same time that Andre Lenotre was lauded for his manicured masterpieces that Versailles Temples riding espouse the wisdom of a softer design for gardens and then overtime. Some designers did try to incorporate what they thought. East asian gardens might look like in their own place

Over time, English gardens in particular adopted touches that reference, chinese and japanese gardens. Although again, they will really usually referencing their imagined versions of those cultures yeah. It was one of those instances where these people had never seen gardens in China or Japan that they were like. I know a pagoda since they would just drop it in their garden kind of em see messy way to do it, and this is where we are actually going to transition back to North America. So when spanish ships landed at Saint Augustine Florida, starting in fifteen, sixty five, they brought with them both plants that were needed to Spain and others that they had collected on their journey, which they then cultivated in this new place, and this was the first of many integrations of non native plant life with plants that naturally

who, in the area the gardens and crops of the early pilgrims in North Amerika, were widely known to have been successful. Thanks to knowledge, they got from the Wapanachki the difference between the soil of New England and then the soil of England is really significant, and while many of these people had plenty of gardening and farming knowledge from back in England, it really did not transfer across the Atlantic in a way that could have sustained them. We mentioned the three sisters method earlier, and this is where that technique started to be incorporated by european colonists. Incidentally, the success of these crops, not only the early arrivals in the colonies, but it also enabled them to ferment their own alcohol, something that was culturally. Weren't to English and other european colonists from the very beginning, as the colonies continued to expand, of course, so did their horticulture

in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia seeds were used to start gardens. That would mirror some of the items the colonists had been accustomed to in their own home. Gardens back in England and they also integrated plants in their gardens based on theirs. Learning from the native american populations that included large scale growing of things like tobacco and corn, as well as growing squash native being varieties, one of the earliest laws in the colonies that involved plants was passed in. Sixteen thirty nine in the Jamestown settlement and that required. Anyone who had a certain acreage to plan and orchard and also to have a fence garden, a popular burden for north american colonists was these so called Dooryard garden. That means like a small patch of plants right outside the homes, front, doorway and that offered vegetables and herbs for the household. This idea continued well beyond this into the eighteen. Hundreds of people

Thirty two migrate, West Dooryard Gardens gave way to what are called kitchen gardens. Those are the same basic idea, but sometimes they tend to be a bit larger than a dooryard garden to include more food plants because, as we got further and further from established places. They were, of course, fewer options to procure produce elsewhere. You came it had to do it yourself. Fruit trees were sometimes included in these gardens, along with the vegetables in by the eighteen hundreds as these settlements turned into towns, residents were less immediately dependent on growing their own food and system of the gardens shifted their make up two included things that were planted just because they were pretty, and this also marked the rise in the. U S of an entire industry of plant breeders who could specialise in growing and reproducing hardy plants with disease and pest resistance and then make a ship seeds or plants to growers around the expanding country.

If you recall our episode on Jewel Roberts Point said this was around the time that he was sending samples of what would come to be known point centres as well as other plants for Mexico, to the? U S, and after that point point City has exploded in popularity. At this point it wasn't just wealthy people. Like point said who were interested in plants as a hobby. Leisure gardening became popular in the. U S as people all across the Socio economic spectrum started growing plants for ornamental use and flower started to be cultivated by home gardeners. Even more than fruits or vegetables coming up we'll talk about the rise of botanical gardens and seed companies in North America and while dive, and that after a pause,

a word from some of the sponsors that keeps stuff you miss than history class going. This episode is brought in by Clorox. Listen at our house. We ve been be no hanging out inside a lot, maybe getting a little bit you're crazy. Now and again. So one of the things I started to do is just go out for a walk. Now and again. Through our neighbourhood, and that means like I love it, and I get some fresh air and I get to see the world, although is pretty quiet out there for us, but it also means that when I come home, I'm trailing in whatever I have troops through in the great out of doors and on the side where I live, and I don't want any germs to be no detract in your house certainly don't want them to be tracked onto our floors. Were pets can have access to them and so to combat these things. I have been counting on clorox disinfecting, mopping clause. These lobbying kill. Ninety nine point: nine percent of germs that includes the covert nineteen virus and their easy and their safety use on multiple floor types. It don't have to worry about

imaging any living. And, moreover, I don't have to worry about germs. The clause work when used is directed on hard non. Poorer surfaces kill sarcey avi to covet nineteen virus I'm home Robin Roberts and encoded nineteen immunity in our community, a new podcast series from Iheart Radio and the? U S: Department of Health and Human Services Roca. Here from Americans on the front lines, many of whom were uncertain about the back and the facts that convinced of the roll up their sleeves get backs unaided. When I first hand about the vaccine. Latched onto them are and thought this thing is going to change people's biology. You know we have a layman's understanding of the other kinds of vaccines with the weekend or killed virus, and how that my kind of Can the body- but I think this m rna stuff-

blew my mind, an and scared me. I had no intention of being one of the first people to get this vaccine listen to cope Tina Immunity in our community on the eye: heart, radio, an apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast. We can do this The colonies got their first botanical garden in one thousand, seven hundred and twenty eight in Philadelphia, its founder, was Quaker John Bartram, a friend of Benjamin Franklin and Bartram, used his contacts in London to trade seeds back and forth. So north american plants were being exported to Europe. At the same time, european plants were being sent to the colonies. Bartram is credited

sending dozens of plant species to Europe for the first time and was granted the title of royal botanist by King George. The third Bartram garden still exists, and it is open to the public. Flushing New York was home to the first commercial nursery and the colonies that was opened by Robert Prince and seventeen thirty seven. That nursery like bar terms, business imported and exported plants and seed spoke with Europe and with Australia, and also offered ornamental engrafted fruit trees for sale. Princes expansive cherry orchard was the source of ten thousand trees worth of barrow making would, during the revolutionary war, princess nursery was seen as so valuable during this conflict between the colonies in England. That British General Lord, how commanded that it be protected the Prince nursery operated for a hundred and thirty years, as we know, threw out colonization and early? U S, history, there have been in

play people going all the way back to the sixteen hundreds and gardening was part of the enslaved populations life. This has come up on the show before a couple times, and I wanted to make sure we touched on it again. I, for example, when we had journalist and cookbook author and burn on to talk about her historical begging books, particularly the women cookies american cookie. She mentioned many seeds that travelled to North America in the pockets of enslaved people and an Holly's interview with Sarah Roberts of the Atlanta History Centre. She talked about the enslaved people's garden, that's part of Smith Farm at the history centre and how it recreate the subsistence gardening. That was often a necessity for enslaved people to ensure that their food supply was supplemented with fresh Prodi send herbs. To reiterate what Sarah told us in the interview allowing the enslaved workforce to maintain their own small crops was not a magnanimous move on the part of an slavers. This was a means to ensure that the enslaved people retained a connection to place

and minimize the likelihood that they would try to escape. Additionally, these and not only yielded food for the enslaved community, but in cases of particularly successful yields it sometimes created, means to earn a little bit of money by selling off the surplus is one of those things that that can come across. As you just noted as as being magnanimous, but it was also puddings some of the onus on enslaved people to provide their own food themselves, those like yeah layers yet and also knowing like hey your beans. And to be ready in two months, so you're probably gonna, be

I don't have to worry about you trying to get away in the next two months. You know this is important throughout the history of gardening. In North America and slave labour was used for most of the grand landscapes and many of the less grand that were created by colonists and early Americans. This came up in our White House to partner, but it really applies to most of the historical homes that we think of when we think of the founders and very wealthy european colonists. Emily seventeen hundreds, dedicated seed stores, began to open around the United States. The deal Andret seed, company, open and fair,

delphian, one thousand seven hundred and eighty four and eventually had George Washington and Thomas Jefferson- is customers, Jefferson, also patronize, another Philadelphia seed company that was run by Bernard Mcmahon that one open in one thousand, seven hundred and ninety six, the first seed pamphlet, was created by g thornburn and sons, feed and florist shop that operated in New York City, starting in one thousand. Eight hundred and two as plants and seeds marketed to individual gardeners continued to grow in popularity in the US, so did large scale, gardens and landscapes. In one thousand, eight hundred and twenty, the Us Botanic garden was founded in Washington DC by an act of Congress. At the same time, garden cemetery is started to be popular and large parks in the formal Europe.

Style like central park in Prospect parks in Manhattan in Brooklyn. All of those started to develop yeah, you see how just like the idea of garden started to gain more and more value as a culturally important part of? U S: identity and for the home gardener. There were also just more possibilities for one peoples: moving out of the most dense areas of cities and towns. Crowded areas where they had more of their own green space to cultivate. It also became quite popular in the Biddy teen, hundreds for wealthy families that lived in the city to purchase country home

So, even though they were city dwellers, they had a place to garden or in many cases have there enslave workforce or their staff. Do the gardening for an one thousand. Eight hundred and sixty natural pesticides made from things like dried and powdered chrysanthemum, started to be offered to home growers to control insects in the garden. Chrysanthemums contain a naturally occurring chemical compound known as pyrethrin, and that impact the insect nervous system, causing paralysis and then death. So small scale gardeners had more success at rays

plants and that bolstered interesting gardening, even more in the eighteen. Seventy two things happen that gave the home gardener in the: U S, both more information and more to work with when planning their plots of flowers and produce. First, the Philadelphia centennial exposition of eighteen. Seventy six featured a massive horticultural hall. I was inspired by Paxton Crystal Palace from the eighteen, fifty one London exposition that hall contained exhibit after exhibit of plants and tools and demonstrations in gardening. There were meant to appeal both to professional gardeners, anti home amateurs. In the wake of the? U S, civil war, people were really eager for the escape of the expo, its estimated that one hundred thousand people attended. The opening speech that was

by President Ulysses S Grant and that ten million visitors attended the expo over the course of its six month run the other development of the late eighteen Seventys was another feed business in this one has a name that folks are probably familiar with, even if whom we have the most casual knowledge of gardening and its founder had attended the expo and was just beyond inspired W. Atley burgee was only eighteen when he went this expo and was expected to continue on with the family, poultry and livestock business. He was so deeply interested in gardening and particularly breeding plants. He had studied plans and that x, alongside animal genetics ass, he prepared for his career here

probably red, Gregor Mendel experiments with plant hybrids and had done some experimenting on his own. So in eighteen, seventy eight he founded the W Atley burping company, but at the time it focused at first on poultry and then other livestock but within just a few years Barbie had added seeds to his offerings and soon he was shipping seeds and plants throughout the northeast and the plane states. Any ETA hustled to keep up with demand Barbie also meet a trip to Europe every year to tour the continent and meet with other horticultural lists, and he, use his notes from these trips, along with the stock that he acquired along the way to write each Barbie catalogue. Of course, Berbeus either so easy to find. Today you can find them and home and garden centres, big box doors. You can buy them online, they're kind of like them. I would guess, the most common name in seeds. As all these seed companies were established and demand for seeds, grew people started to see a need for a trade organization

first seeds, men and the result was the formation of the American Seed Trade Association in eighteen. Eighty three that still exists. It's one of the oldest trade organizations and the country that was founded to address issues like tariffs and establish guidelines for claims against seed performance. Today, the SBA states its mission is quote to be ineffective, voice of action in all matters concerning the development, marketing and movement of seed Associated products and services throughout the world. S tea,

amidst the development of better seed to produce better crops for a better quality of life, the first women's garden club in the U S formed in eighteen. Ninety, one not far from me. That's in Athens, Georgia and soon garden. Clubs like it had popped up throughout the country and in nineteen thirteen. Several of those garden clubs joined together in Chestnut Hill Pennsylvania, to form the garden club of Amerika gardeners. Elizabeth Martin and earnestly Goodman had founded the Garden Club of Philadelphia in the early nineteen hundreds. But their move to form. This larger coalition enable deeper engagement on issues beyond merely cultivating one's own personal garden and the groups ideal. Remained more or less. The same. Tuesday the way, the knowledge and love of gardening among amateurs to share the advantages of association through conference in correspondence in this country and abroad to aid in the protection of native plants and birds and to encourage civic.

In today, the GPA offers merit based scholarships in a variety of horticultural, related fields, promotes conservation and traces. The history of gardens throughout the Eu S, among other efforts as the nineteenth century, came to a close. The placement of the home garden shifted up to this point outside the front door had continued to be the usual place that a person would probably find a home garden, but a new concept. Caymans labour, that replaced the Dooryard garden, and that was the law on the lawn fell in line with the victorian trend, a formality and aesthetic that quickly travelled across the Atlantic to the? U S and there were still ornamental grown in the front yard at this time. The structured nature of long landscaping for homes meant it a lot,

Urban vegetable gardening, as well as some flour, gardening, just kinda, shifted around to the back of the side of the house in nineteen o to a school garden initiative was started by Fanny Griskin Parsons, initially launched on a plot in Manhattans health, kitchen neighbourhood, the project aside, small garden plots to the students. Each student was given a four by eight plot to grow and assortment of vegetables. The idea was that the hundreds of city dwelling students who participated would learn to work together and become connected to nature, while also beautifying a portion of the city. This programme expanded and moved to a space in De Witt Park and Parson started lecturing on school garden.

The teachers, she actually became director of the Bureau of School farms in nineteen ten, and that was a programme that lasted until the early nineteenth thirties during world war. One many of these school gardens were dedicated exclusively to growing vegetables, to help the war effort, promotional posters, red Join the United States, school Garden Army beyond school, the Americans were encouraged to grow gardens to supplement their rationed allotment of food at the beginning of the twentieth century. A trend which has recently cycle back into favour began in the form of more natural gardens structure and formality that head really dominated the late, one thousand eight hundred started to fall out of favor and they were replaced with efforts to grow more native plants and pleasing arrangements and a desire to soften the hard lines to match the natural form of the surround landscape in nineteen. Twenty two, the American Horticultural Society, was started similar to how the garden

of Amerika formed. This nonprofit group came together to combine the existing american, horticultural society, the National Horticultural Society and the American Horticultural Council. The Hs continues today with a mission quote: share with all Americans the critical role of plants, gardens and green spaces in creating health livable communities and a sustainable planet enrolled words to Americans were once again encouraged to grow vitamins at your kitchen door by planting victory, gardens, the White House had its own victory garden and the idea became symbolic of the american Spirit and ass. We ve mentioned on the show before many japanese Americans who are incarcerated in internment camps by the: U S as part of executive order. Ninety sixty six grew their own gardens at the camps. The postwar supper boom saw another surge and personal gardens the yard

space than a lotta people had for the first time was used largely for ornamental purposes. It was connected to this growing idea of leisure living, but then in the second half of the twentieth century. Reactive, ISM, around conservation, lead to new initiatives and trends in gardening, as the focus for a lot of plant enthusiasts turned away from just cultivating private gardens and toward projects that enrich their communities and reclaimed green spaces in densely populated areas, and this is also an era when gardening television shows which have existed from just about the beginning of broadcasts. Tv really took off in a big way if you watch hdtv, you can thank earlier shows like the victory garden, which running on pcbs in the mid nineties seventies and was definitely part of my childhood mine too, and they I haven't, watched it, but I I believe they have re, launched a new version of it, some curious about it. Today, garden

it seems to be more popular and more varied than ever. Part of this, of course, is because everyone was stuck at home for the last year and suddenly was like. I could grow sums and why some people tend to specialise plants in their greenhouses. Others help manage wild growth garden and yet others create their own Toby areas in their yards, one of our neighbours as gun variant, utopia, areas during the pandemic, as some people RO squashing raised beds or grow small container gardens or there are plenty of people have a lamp system to grow fresh herbs in their kitchen. There is a way for almost anyone who wants to garden to engage with it at whatever level there comfortable with an all of these possibilities, are really part of this long history, a lad of the produce varieties that we grow today have been good Even in some form or another for centuries are even millennia as this one apple onions have been grown for at least five thousand years. Although weather

originated in the area that modern day, Pakistan or in Central Asia. That's a matter of debate. Onions were buried with the faroes of Egypt and they appear in medical texts in India. Going back to the sixth century. And ass. We talked about it, link that are episode on roses. If you're growing ornamental flowers, your benefiting from centuries of work to create hardy beautiful plants, So when you working on your own garden or your community garden or whatever, you are a link in this ongoing historical chain of people, growing staff and love it it's wail of gardening, so much and please please let my tomatoes work this year. How do you do We're really I mean to get an expert involved, because I have a history of having some very near, misses and play a failure, sing talk about it during the behind the scenes on Friday, but that is

Our very brief I mean they're, so much detail you could dive into on any one of these, and some of the people we mentioned could certainly be episodes of their own. But I hope if anybody is out there, gardening that they they think about how their part of this bigger picture of gardening and how it's one of the few things that connects humans across all cultures in a really obvious and tangible way in our day to day lives. Ok, I have listener mail This is a too far because it covers both our recent episodes on its common areas bridge and are older episode on cannery RO. This is from our listener, Chelles whoever holds dear Tracy in Hawaii. Evidently I got distracted partway through telling you my life story, your cannery row? Episode saw just just add on my Tacoma narrows bridge commentary here and actually send it. This time my husband was stationed at naval base kits up in time.

Fifteen to twenty eighteen am. I got really involved volunteering at the kids up, humane society. I walked and foster dogs, I d dishes and laundry and drove the transfer team we transferred in animals from overcrowded, shelters, Oliver Hawaii, Texas, Guam Caliph. Yeah and even Israel once and found them homes in the area I was. I was amused by the looks on the basis of the quite dogs that out of the van to find a few inches of snow. This meant that about once a week, for more than two years. I drove across sturdy dirty that progress was the first time I heard that nickname to pick animals up from sea tack airport in the middle of a name. Can you confirm that the winds through the narrows are still intense. I dont think I ever felt the bridge move, but there were definitely times it took effort to stay. In my laying feeling the outside of the behemoth of a cargo van. Getting smacked by wind will certainly help. Keep you awake by figured. You guys could use to common heroes, dog stories that ended better than poor Tubby,

I miss getting to work with all the dog since we moved in the local shelter came, have volunteers because of the pandemic, but I make up for it by loving our foster, fail pit mix, Molina PICS, attach the dogs, painfully cute. She also had included her original message, which was about cannery row up I'll rebuilt pick up. Part of that should. I grew up in Monterrey. Exactly a mile up the hill from the Monterey Bay Aquarium here. Series of anecdotes in fun, facts from my home town, local lore, said the streets I walked to get to. The elementary school bus was named for women who had worked and Flora woods, bordello, both Alice, grace, etc. I have no idea if this is true and Google was no help in confirming, when my brother was in second grade his class on a field trip to the aquarium and eight lunch in the outdoor classroom. A sea gull grabbed his sandwich out of his hand and then immediately dropped it into the ocean. He cried in. His teacher had to share her lunch from whom I have had the sea. Gull theft situation in it's scary. They were

I mean that I've said before that. I grew up on the Florida Gulf Coast. When I was little- and I remember- I had a bag of Doritos once and a flock of seagulls literally came and we're just like that that bag is ours ma'am and then I was terrified. It was a lot of birds anyway, He also mentions that there was a Nickelodeon game show on in the nineties. Their frequently gave a trip to the aquarium as its big prize, and I spent waiting It's time worrying that if I went on the show in one it would not be a very good point. For me, given that it wouldn't be a vacation, and we already had year passes to get in Did the show runners based the prizes off of the hometown, so the contestants, even

I d get on the show, but the logistics of price selection. Worried me, kids are weird, does a very cute their other stories that she includes, but I wanted to include those there so sweet ass. She also mentions that if you do, you visit Monterrey, bring a jacket major driver of summer sweatshirt sales at the cannery roof shops is tourists who come expecting California, summer weather and get stuck in the June gloom right. It gets very cold at times, but thank you so much Chelsea. Also. I really let those pictures of your dog, that is a cute cute baby, and I understand why that was a faster fail. If you like to re, do as you can do so at history podcast at heart, radio, dot com, you can also find us on social media as missed in history, and you can subscribe to the show on the Iheart Radioactive Apple pie, gas or wherever it is. You listen. Stop here s the district class, the production of Iheart Radio, for more broadcasts for my

radio, either by her radio, have added my cans or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Your time for real summer. Thought is here, so did the boredom and hit up your local many dealer because the many summer of DR then is happening now get a new man. Cooper, hard door to door starting to twenty nine per month or thirty six month, low mileage lease with two thousand? nine hundred. Ninety nine do its signing. Many USA Dotcom Slash EAST for details that many USA, dot com, slash, ease and see what it's like to drive something this fine at this summer of driving with many ask a simple question: ask everyone, you know what matters to them. Work the angles. Question authority favour facts overcomes policies and trust standards over here say: and be saying. This is what we are