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welcome to stuff you missed in history, class from Housetop works, dot, com, eleven welcomes the by catch. An editor came his junior joined by fellow editor, Katy Lambert stand here today. We're going to take a leader suggestion from our who wrote to TAT is to say I know, you're really thy Thomas Jefferson, but I read an article in american history about him versus Hamilton on banking. Stated essentially that our current economic was can be attributed to Jefferson's opposition and Jackson's later support for that position, I would enjoy hearing a pod cost Hamilton versus Jefferson and the National Bank issue will do on Hamilton, although not necessarily the national banking issue, because today I think we're gonna focus more on his dual with Ehrenberg and Part

the story leading up to the door is who Alexander Hamilton wise as a person and so we will touch on his point of view. We call them on the national Treasury, because they incline unpopular and eventually to his mice and, according you run churn hours, biography of Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson's followers believed that Milton was, and I quote they deem seized him as a slavish pawn of the british crown a closet, monarchist, Machiavellian Intriguer a would be Caesar and these assessments are- are really unfair. Actually, on Jefferson and Hamilton were horrible political opponents they the smear campaigns and newspapers against each other after they hired journalists to deliberately cast character aspersions on the other. At one point,

Thus I gaza for back and forth, culminated in one printing that the other one had died and because news didn't traveller fast, it took a little while to get the word out that no there was no death. I mean raises nasty between the two of them and this is all rooted in the arguments which ass. It took a little while to get the word out that now there was no doubt Jefferson in Hamilton felt very strongly about their national identities. So, to begin with the beginning Alexander Hamilton Ways forward in seventeen. Fifty five on leave us, which is our caribbean Island famous forbidden, I swear Alexander Hamilton, was born another much else and his birth was illegitimate, which is something he could humiliating and his later years and has beginnings were very much shrouded in a bit mastery. He was really ashamed that that was his birth

was ten years old his hand. They moved to Saint Croy shortly. Thereafter, his father left and then his mother died, and then he went to live with a first cousin who killed himself. I know it's not funny. The string of catastrophe. Is it wise and I was watching the PBS american experience, Aki memory about Hamilton and historians. Catch likening him to a tragic greek figure, which is true, I mean he really wise, here's a man who wants nothing but honour and everything, standing in his way to keep him from attaining that position that he is right about all the great greek works were he's right. All the statesmen, who wants nothing more than to be esteemed alongside them, but he had, no name to speak of heavy has no money. He has no education, his aunt. Uncle and grandmother died. Also in short succession and seriously talk about humbled There is really know where to go from here and usually

ten by the time that all these things happened and after his cousin died and everyone died. He was apprenticed to a mercantile house as a clerk and import export business and that's where things get more scandalous, because the rich head of the many Thomas Stevens took him in and was more came to him and people began to notice how much he looked like Thomas, a sun, Edward Stephen, so much so that they were merely twins and there. Became Thomas Stevens was actually his real father and not the father who disappeared and left him in his mother behind, But despite any scandal that may have resulted from our assembly, to this man. He asked first, a name for himself in his position as a clerk because you learn the exchange rates, he learned how to conduct trade and how to make fair appraisals of imports and exports and he actually had appeared of time in which he took over the business and

since saved at from ruin, because the very ambitious he why's he wise and in his position where he was watching the slaves on the island engage the sugar, the sugar cane trade and being beaten down. Sometimes in the fields by their masters. He became determined that he would fight against this type of treatment of and he didn't think it was right that people would be oppressed if there are working hard. He thought that hard work could save anyone from any station. They were born in two and in fact he said I would willingly risk my life, though not my character, to exalt my station and he did exalt his station actually in seventeen. Seventy two he wrote a letter about a devastating hurricane that it hit the islands, published in the Royal Danish American Gazette and it was so great and so well written. That's a lot of people took notice

and a group of businessmen actually got together some money and sent him to the United States educated. So here is our first step from the little island that no one had ever heard of United States. Exactly. So he and roles at kings College in New York at eighteen years old- and this is why The american revolution starts brewing and You must remember, he's a foreigner essentially coming to the United States, but very quickly. He allowed himself to be swept up and this revolutionary spirit and Oh, he maintained that for trade purposes and for commerce and colonies, ability to be an active part of world politics, they will need to maintain some sort of alliance with England. He changed. Feelings was the little bed and Eventually in joining and artillery unit and fighting against the british soldiers and kings I was very much a place of british orthodoxy. People there were-

more aligned to Britain and Hamilton COD. And I did it was common at the time- was that the colonists loyalty to the english king, but not to parliament. So that was sort of the line he was struggling at the time and he did hope that peace could be accomplished. With England, and maybe we could have some sort of a limited monarchy, but he did become right radicalized when he had it up that artillery company- and he was very young. I believe, for that kind of a Post and idea of being able to finally put into action He sentiments that he'd been expressing with his pen He got noticed by George Washington pretty early on because he was so ambitious and such of a fervent organiser of people and tasks and ideas and why swashing ten drew him man, he became a a part of Washington, subtle, coterie and

Washington very much relied upon Hamilton to do correspondence for him and historians. Note that when you read General Washington's correspondence in his letters and some of the great things is known to have said a lot about it, from Hamilton is the ghost rider is a very special bond and relationship almost like Father son, continue to save Hamilton throughout his career. Washington promoted him till the Tenet colonel he made in his aide de Camp and he Very involved in Washington Settle group until leaving a falling out around seventeen eighty one. When Washington said that Hamilton was disrespectful toward him and and resigned, and then came back after washing Japan Christ. You dont Oppian George Washington, bedside, definitely not answer for you flash forward in the interest of moving toward the eye the Ehrenberg Jewel, which a new Europe curious about. When the institution is risk of not being ratified, Hamilton steps up.

He ensures that everyone understands the importance of this document, which well not only unify the currency across the colonies, but will also establish the essence of order and responsibility and an identity for the different states, because they were set went from one another. The southern states in the northern states and people lived in, what the cities were like? He knew that in order for everyone to coexist peacefully after their thoughts, for independence and not for more permission to break out between the states themselves, there had to be but if centralized government he was known for being really really convincing and now that the constitutional convention and three states have ratified it. But that's it and that's what started. Writing the Federalist Papers with James Madison and John Jay and the papers were designed to give a common man's under

the ending of what was actually in the constitution. He wanted to appeal to everyone so that they would understand why they should support the constitution, but he was known for being someone a lead us because he did use elevated language and who did put a lot of faith and the arrest Creasy the intellectuals, joyfully run. The government by the federalists there's really helped garner support. Finally, because everyone, you do look of a constitution, the languages of its staff and people were afraid that they were just creating another low monarchy and the United States and he was trying to make it clear that that wasn't the case behind what they were trying to do, and it's funny. You know that I when he was speaking you money had the floor, it was almost like. No one could get him to shut is now always more than words were just come: Port, out and he was a little man I hear, if seven five, seven and described as delicately framed and so I mean imagine.

Anything has ensured a comparison to make. I don't, but always envision, Niles Crane from for each other. The other, however, is a similar spouting off. These big words all agree with ideas, and no one can get. Be quiet, but am was he was free. Happy with the way that things turned out in the end, but is much The federalists papers were designed to get popular opinion too the constitution he why constantly criticised putting too much power in a centralized elite government and hear retorted at one point and would you have representing us in government? Not the rich, not the wire not the learn it and when say what you plaque some person office Nato is digging in the garbage now you're management, The contrast between him and Jefferson started because people associated Jefferson being very democratic and someone like Hamilton with being cited with the aristocrats I'd and Hamilton was making the point that you need people who

your stand money Stan Credit and trade to actually make the country work. He was like him right. I can't he was all about the policy whereas Jefferson and vision that people should be allowed to live their lives, make their own individual choices and he envision this type of a gun in Paradise, wherever you man, toiled in the earth and built his own estate and supported him, soften Hamilton saw I you know. Big as United States, wise, maximizing space making city his and involving the country in trade in building up their their credit line. With a rush the world's they could become, the power and Hamilton, as you mentioned before, had a much darker view of human nature. And he was also very concerned about things just falling into complete chaos. He didn't think basically with people could be trusted to govern themselves in and he may have been right and that's. Why

It was some interesting when he got involved in the resolution, because, on the one hand, he was terrified of this. Rule he stopped a from attacking a president of kings College but on the other hand, he was out captioning infantry and that he didn't exactly get his way with all of the ideas he had for young men, If he'd had his way, the constitution would have appointed President fruit for life, and the president would have tat individual leaders from each state and I didn't turn out that way, but he did think that United states should accomplish certain feeds if it wanted to become a good, respectable. And one of the most controversial ones, earliness career after Washington had appointed him treasury. The secretary was his gumption plan, and with that I think he thought the nation should assume the debts of the states where exactly so and it was it was pretty political and

ten had often been criticised for not being political enough. He didn't talk like a politician. He couldn't smooth users brash and shrill, and if people on aside- but this was incredibly political maneuver, because the people who the most dad in the individual states if he could find to assume their darts and get This was incredibly political maneuver because the people who had the most when people's tries he'd when their allegiance or inhuman. He had a dinner with Thomas Jefferson, with Madison, where he basically struck a deal with them, how'd. You know, I need your state support for this political maneuver and it worked and the agreement they reached with that he was that Jefferson and Madison have their way and the new capital would be moved to the region beside the Potomac Donna Martin these numerous today it was in New York. Time and Hamilton? You know he left New York using New Yorker bite

and it was a bigger win to get the assumption ass road and see the capital move, a couple states down south and he also garnered more controversy that same year when he wanted to charter a national bank. Madison, Jefferson and a whole bunch of other people said it was unkind, additional, and that was the federal when going way too far and Hamilton and Washington got it, and this is where really sorry to see that division between the jeffersonian Republicans, who wanted it to be very much a republic bright and the federalists who the power and the federal government. Jefferson was saying: no, no, no ideas of urbanization and standing army and essentially what he saw. The federalists was someone who was a minor aghast, whereas Hamilton was arguing. If you want order an you want power, you have to agree to these things and this were I two party system came into play there you have it around,

this time as when Ehrenberg makes an appearance and Alexander Hamilton life when they were adding an election for the New York Summit Seeds and and were defeated, Philip Schuyler, who was related to Hamiltons wife. I believe Elizabeth Schuyler and that's when things between them started to heat up here, Hamilton at one point in time If you have power as treasuries secretary to work the system to benefit you, why wouldn't you it was unbelievable to Aaron. Further man who had hamiltons, authoritative position wouldn't use it for personal. Pain and Hamilton had always been horrified by the idea of doing work just for money. He believe then doing work for the honesty at it and for the pride of of wood new case in court. He was a successful lawyer, but he would refuse

in some cases, if you didn't agree with the plaintiff. You would only take the case of the Hebrew Tal, hearted, the n and This meant in almost a lifetime of destitution for him and certainly a great deal of Dat for his family bites You see that the differences in morals and print both between burnt Hamilton would would cause nodded. Professional distaste for one another, but a very personal one, and there it does I could each other went on. I think for a good the errors and it got very personal insults for flung back and forth on each other's character, which was a pretty serious thing. It wasn't just saying o his ideas or battles like now heap he as a person worthy of consideration for the position of say, governor of New York, precisely seven, hundred presidential race roles around the two tenders for the office are Jefferson, whom housing

stand and bur another his enemies. So here you earlier, there were. No you can't win either way is torn between the two choices, but here to decide who would be best for the country and old only he decides Jefferson and because there had been, title action, Hamilton, the wine who finally oppressor congressmen over the edge and got him to agree to them four Jefferson. So the final deciding vote, while it didn't come from Hamilton, came from his influence and theirs Could I keep seeing and all the stories I look out of Hamilton and BAR where Hamilton said. If there be a man in the world, I ought to hate. It is Jefferson with Burma have always personally. Well. But I think this is about the time when he stopped feeling that way. So in eighteen, oh won its official Jefferson as the third president and Bur, as vice president and senior Alexander's oldest son, Philip Hamilton, was killed

a dual attempting to defend the honour of the family and the grief of it drove their daughter, Angelica saying so. No one's not separate liquid year and Hamilton himself is very distraught. Over sons does because his son had actually consulted with him as to whether or not he should accept the do challenge and at this point in time the could have was structured so that you can get out of a dual if you're willing to make a public apology, and so the prostrate yourself before the person whom it become embroiled in this conflict with Hamilton you that if the sun was going to have a future in politics like he'd hoped ever since he was baby really that he had to take Soon it become embroiled in this conflict. Wealth and Hamilton knew that if his son was going to have a future policy, so Hamilton not only because of his sons, death due to doing that, ass, his religious ideas and his moral,

and and really is respect for the law. He was very much opposed to doing before the famous Bur Hamilton Jaw Hamilton had actually been involved and ten other disputes that had never escalated to the point of becoming a full fledged you all human rights to work himself out of them, except when we think of that. Now we picture access to people you getting angry in meeting it no high noon and drawing our guns. And it's not how political duels worked in the day now there's a really interesting history behind them and it all it's off with Some sort of disk to someone's honour, say election or some other political controversy and one person has lost face and therefore lost it. We would have tarnish on their good name and I believe it uses. With a letter and asylum letters candles and say that you know you had offended me in space,

my honour, and perhaps you could make a public apology for what you ve done. And so the person who is being challenged or put on spot a few well, is the principal and the principle has a second who is a friend or a confidant he's going to back up that person. I would be your second thank you and and say they send us this notice of the issue. Then it to the second- to help the principle I guess mediate in the public eye. What is going on at the two principles can have a beef with each other, but in winter to save, face in a public way. The seconds come in to explain the situation with happening and if the insult Her is willing to make an apology to the insult tee. Then thing can be called off. The insult. He doesn't accept that apology. Then things escalate.

Exactly and leaks gems of an apology. Is your dissatisfaction that one thing, you could do, if you didn't really want to have it, and then you really did want to have a dual was to ask for an absolute Dickie less apology and this at Ehrenberg, Ed yeah, here just. I dont get burned to be perfectly candid, a huge Strange man to me in this understanding and he was a descendant of Jonathan upwards. The preacher whose, for the sermon centres in the hand of an angry god, I'm from the very religious family background and his father was an important man and academia and he had all the money that he could possibly want. And I suppose you that power hungry and he really wanted to be president, and he was so mad. It Hamilton and, furthermore, Hamilton had also alluded to the fact that burden How does way with his daughter.

When I read on their return after he had just Ten had been much. They did in the days king all sorts of accuracy. And towards Burma again on his character, cause he genuinely truly believed. Where was a really unscrupulous, unpleasant man, he wise and so Bertold Hamilton that he wouldn't be satisfied unless, I also agree to apologize for every single horrible being dead, Hamilton, etc that over the past fifteen years on what had really set him off was a letter that was published. An actual newspaper where Hamilton had expressed a court in court spectable opinion of Burke. To the editor of the paper and that's what Bur picked up on This thing like, ok, you know, is it didn't? in print now so I have to use against you and that's when he asked Hamilton for this weeping apology and at him

just couldn't give now and by this time, to your Hamilton, had fallen on public favour because he'd in a little crazy, with a smear campaign that he ran against Adams and his party even thought that he was quite right in the head anymore and so, and he had an affair that he publicly added to his reputation was never quietly yeah things went licking guide for Hamilton and he every reason in the world not to you all and joy and free men who writes about were Hamilton. Jewel outlines is reasons as this. The duel violated his religious and moral principles and defied. The law threatened the well of his family, put his creditors at risk ultimately compelled him to and and Hamiltons own words to hazard such and possibly gain nothing but and he's in this really tight position where

can either lose more face or defend what honor he has left and he certainly not going to grovel before Bur, especially because those four things he truly believed in it was his conviction that bar was not worthy of these positions of public service and if we recall How- Hamilton started out as a young boy, he had nothing and he worked himself into a great position of influence and power, and he thought follow on the one thing that I've been getting by on. All my life is honour, then I'll. Let you know what I have to risk at this point. I defend my honour that I've got so. He did right this whole letter, with all of his reasons for being in a stool, because he knew that it would seem strange to people, because it was so out of character for him, but he asked sad that here, I'm going to shoot that first time he would shoot in the air. And he would let bird do what he well and he very often when the semblance of a dual, but he would not aim for her and he was counselled against it in all its itself, defence. You should shoot em Alexander and he wouldn't,

so the date arrived a lie. Eighteen o four and agreed and then the law they would fight. How can you Jersey, they would arrive separately and they would be after unseen, but they would march into the woods there'd, be no witnesses. Aside from the principles and the seconds, because I want to turn- is anyone else's name for being involved with his jaw because it was illegal and they were very tricky about it, my fate their guns under. I think, some sort of cloak when they were going across People who are in the boat could trillion. They say that they had seen no guns because they were cover coming, they knew what was going on, that every step has been taken to reassure the day would be able to speak truthfully. If pressed for the truth, so they walk into the woods and they mark off the ten paces and then they cast lots to decide who is going to take. What is it? fire from and whose second will call the command and Hamilton in a very fortuitously one both. But it wasn't for two

and it wasn't going to do for many good because he was the fire and he didn't so Bur aimed and he shot and Hamilton fell. Yes and later it was determined that the shot went through his liver and his diaphragm and even the doktor was there to attend to him Hamilton New immediately that it was a mortal wound and a painful one. At that thirty one hours later, he ass when he died and he why's. He was in an incredible amount of pain and it was the largest general in New York then had ever turned out for Hamilton with such a fixture of New York City and he had done so much for the government and made such strides for his nation, and not only that, but you know he'd been of a bit of time cat in his day, so we had a lot of admirers that people very much more and his loss.

He was buried July, fourteenth at Trinity, church and Manhattan, leaving Elizabeth a widow who until the age of ninety seven and was poor from us at that time, missed him to her dying day. She would always talk about going to see her Hamilton, in Burma and while he was my goodness, what a scoundrel people furious with him. He left New York's eight years and even though the dual itself is designed to help a man regain his honour that didn't work and burst because he lost all his honor. People were furious. He had killed Hamilton, and so Who is the story of the famous jaw between Ehrenberg and Alexander Hamilton, and I today we don't honour Hamilton in the same way as we honour the other founding fathers, and this is something that you're probably ridden every by fiscal assessments of Hamilton. People always comment that he doesn't

as you know, a great monument people, don't think of him and the woman fuzzy way that we think of someone like Jefferson Lincoln, are Washington and really every girl he was trying to achieve with urbanization in the Treasury and lines of credit. These things came to fruition, so we took hats to Alexander Hamilton. We deal we do even if I do still have Jefferson, there's, there's room in my academic heart for both of them- and I do Appreciate- is contributions to so. If you want to learn even more about Alexander Hamilton, be birds and the national Treasury be sure to check out the website how stuff works, dot com for more on this and thousands of other topics, does it how stuff works, dot com? Let us know what you think: send an email to podcast Housetop, work, Stockholm and be sure to check out the stuffing list in his request: blood on the House of Lords back home.

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