Move episode of stuff. You missed them. History classes brought to you by W W, formerly wait watchers. They have launched the my Daddy Debbie Programme is their most groundbreaking and customize programme. Ever when you join the my baby to be program, you will take a personal assessment, that's about your eating habits and your behaviors and that its scientifically matches you up with a proven weight loss plan, I'm on the blue plan and it really makes a huge difference for me in terms of encouraging means, eat healthy foods so had on over to w w dot com. That's w w dot com to joint W Debbie. Today, with a limited time offer, I am Bobby Brown Welcome type had cast beyond the beauty show from. I hurt radio, I'm here to be sitting down with different people each week that I think we can all learn from. I hurt radio is number one for pod, but don't take our word for listen to the on the beauty. I hurt radio APP Apple Todd cast or ever you get your package because we always.

To learn about the real me welcome to stuff you missed in history class from how stuff works, dot, com welcome to the bad guys. I'm editor kinda enjoyed by fellow attitude taken Lambert Canvas a low Katy, I'm so excited zero duty first of what may be many instalment of fan picks colon three greatest innovators in history, and three, you may ask it's because one taking ire both so crazy about. We had a share him and then had strong feelings about another, and I and other without any further ado. I did,

it's- you mentioned some of the other fabulous names that the blog readers tossed out and even though we cannot cover all of the innovators, you suggested we pick three who, without made huge impact, I'm society, culture, science house, the printed word intent a great suggestion from bad about Nikola Tesla. We really wanted to do just like a talk about the earthquake machine and the deathray that ban mentioned and another big vote for Jesus from steel, which I thought would have been a really interesting way to take this candor through What's your name with an eye, not an a bullet will we, she suggested Alexander Hamilton, one of Thomas Jefferson, greatest enemies and shit wrote a whole list of things. He accomplished looting. Writing the Federalist Papers funding the Bank of New York serving as the first secretary of the Treasury funding to you, men and the coastguard, and she goes on and on, but did he have an earthquake machine now? We'll know he did not use

looking now as far as historical percentages gal, I will give him that and then errand suggested woman named ADA Lovelace, who is credited. She says with being a first computer program, and for inventing the first computer programming language all from eighteen fifteen to eighteen, fifty two pretty well and we so did want a woman on this list. So, let's get into it. The three inventors respect are Johan, Gutenberg, Leonardo Da Vinci and Benjamin Franklin And we must start off with your Gutenberg, who you might know, as the Venture of the printing press and because of Gutenberg, but this lovely mass market paperbacks in your book shelves. He was born in the fourteenth century to a wealthy german family and even though we know him for his contribution to the printing world, he began a goldsmith and then dabbled they Jim Cutter and you're, telling me you did something else. Interesting too.

It dabbled in glasses making as well in his time in Strasbourg, France, while he did a little bit everything a renaissance man before the renaissance shall we say- and he was above all things a business man and an entrepreneur, because what did we not sir brilliant and creating a printing press? It was taking three existing innovations. Paper ink and movable hype and combining them into the Gutenberg press, but he did not. I'm off at the idea of movable type on his own. That actually originated back in China around six hundred eighty, the Chinese began using engraved wooden blocks to Prince at a process called Stylographer and that still an art using wooden carvings to create some sort of print on paper, Then a ten forty one to ten forty eight one man came up with movable type

ranging the wooden blocks on a tray heating at an pressing and on paper to transfer the ink and then an thirteenth century Korea, metal typesetting, was created with up to one hundred thousand pieces of type and about ten different funds, but the problem of movable type in China and Russia, but there were so many characters it didn't take off, so the art languished for a bet. I guess you could say until the ideas of paper in ink eventually made it over to Europe through different trade routes, indifferent conquests and I realise that he had his hands on the perfect alphabet to create a good typesetting system. So he uses new that he created. It was an owl boy I made of lead in ten and another ingredients that wouldn't shrink after it was cold. It's actually still used today so combining this ink with paper, originally using vallum, and then the type of process that was

to squeeze grapes and olives for wine and olive oil, he was able to make actual printed materials and the thing about that metal movable type was that not only was it faster to use. Those letters made a much sharper impression and therefore more durable and more uniform actually than the woodblock printing was because you could make each letter look exactly the same. So all of your age on a page would look like all the other is and Gutenberg also printed on front and back pages, eventually leading to the very famous forty two mine, Gutenberg Bible. People stay still talk about the pleasant lay out design of his Bible. Forty two lines arranging I'm still use space on either side of the page to under copies. He printed up this book. It came in to volumes for a total of one thousand two hundred eighty two pages, and it was printed in fourteen fifty five

and consulting a couple different sources. I was a little bit unsure as to other Gutenberg himself printed, the Bible or whether by time. He lost management of his printing press to the man who would put up a cap it all for him when he started his business. So if you have any knowledge about that make you can fill us in that regardless idle came out. It was extremely popular, the rate of literature, people in Europe at this time was on on the rise. So is very good for emanating reading materials will and no one, not that many people could afford by an illuminated manuscripts. They were very, very expensive, you're, talking monks, putting together these books for year your hands copy so to expedite the process was huge and that lead to other developed, to not only in the ways of the reformation, renaissance and scientific revelation, but even to

I've been a book fares. The Frankfurt book, Fair was huge. People cannot get copies of written materials. I love affairs. Personally, always they come back in vogue but by fifteen hundred after my little digression there familiar bricks had been printed and the Gutenberg Revolution. Author John Man says that a third of all books in Germany, printed between fifteen eighteen, fifteen, twenty eight were works by Martin Luther S launching the reformation, so you- say that the Gutenberg press was a simplistic as putting the printed a page that other history scholars beg to differ, saying that it put the world on its Anne and launched a huge religious reformation, and as a little aside, if you are more interested in me, printing aspects of Gutenberg development, In contributions, as opposed to his are, shall we say cultural, religious and social contributions, there were two european You followed, who make additional efforts to help perfect the printing method, and these

sort of one's a call. But I like themselves how you, anyway, there is Nicholas and from France she created Seraphs for sure. There's little tail flourishes at the end of words and letters that you see it's an honor the keeps your eye travelling across the page. Keep green then ITALY. We have a man in Addis Minutiae s who created a telex italics, ITALY catch the eye and this is designed to maximize the number of words on the page because they were all slanted. So you see thank you Gutenberg four reformation and tariffs. Really, you put it all in motion and the printing press actually brings us into our next innovator dimension, because he came up with his own innovations on Gutenberg printing Press. That would have made it much easier to print it. His design then used. One person would have been able to print instead of an entire crew of people, but of course, and then she and being rather secretive with his note books. No one actually saw those designs you might have her. Dementia who's, the quintessential renaissance man he painted

painting called the Mona LISA and also the last supper in the version of the rocks but painting and all he was a doubt. He was very much interested in science and in inventing things some of his inventions and I'm using Gene Mcgrath Research for this one were in ornithopter which is a flying machine with wings of the pilot could operate, but he didn't quite managed to pull that went off. He underestimated the importance of feathers to a bird and his own after endeavour would actually have flown He also designed a diving apparatus which is like a primitive version of a scuba suit or diving bow actually, as well as a parachute and the idea of a telescope. I'm he proposed. That lenses and mirrors would enable us to get closer to the nature of the planets and severity. Finches missed Forcing innovations were made ever more understandable, incomprehensible to me by virtue of

he being our resident. Health editor, and I am very excited about the other thing the divinity was excited about, and I was thrilled. Can I energetic forgive Harry is about to come across as more morbid than I've ever sounded so had at a lady. I will take your morbid crown d she and the autopsy. Actually, he was into empirical observation, his teacher baroque YO, had told him it was important to sketch from life. So he would take his notebook places and sketch people and things exactly as they were, of learning to sketch the human form was to see actually how human bodies work, so he would go to these operating theatres, which is how medical students used to learn back then, a bunch of med students standing around this court, while a man cut it apart, and a different man who is looking at the body would be just talking from this ancient wisdom about the human body and things keep a necessarily true could be a completely

their standing of how Lud circulates in the body and even though what the students were looking, I didn't even remotely match what the text was saying. They always deferred to the text rather than to their own sense. It would create waiter we acknowledge and Enrietta February medicine. It really was not, but because of that dementia sort of took matters into his own hands and got really interested in dissection. He inject human brain with hot wax, so he could look at the ventricles and took the skull apart. Scotch shit from from angles. He boiled cow eyeballs bought egg yokes, so you could section them and see exactly heavy inside of them worked, but what he really understood with the female form right. Oh yes in case you didn't know, supposedly when you're pregnant suppressed, menstrual blood turns into brown milk as before we're gonna go. I have to tell you that's not true. I am sorry that make anyone sad, but what he did figure

the optic nerve works which no one up to that time now, and also how can you stones are formed, So, even though I may be joking a little bit about some of his innovations that turned out to be wrong, he was making suppositions and putting forth research that no one really had like you were saying. People are relying on ancient will not ancient nuts affair. People were relying on old and outmoded taxed to influence the way they practice medicine, but she's innovations change. All of that thing: I love with the questions. He had that no one really had been asking third notes in his note books of know: how does a foetus breed? What did two calls you like. Why do we have? The sun had set a curious, inventive mind, another key he's inventor- was Benjamin Franklin and curious case of Benjamin Franklin was that he was born a british colonist in Boston seventeen o six and he died and American in Philadelphia. Ninety nine days. So he lived for a really long time, especially for that time frame, and I

Don PBS. They do a special about Benjamin Franklin and they had a a web page about Ben aid is D and from a disease they rode out all the different things. He was seriously a couple of attributes for each letter and to share for my favorite letters be believed. And coma. Bifocals inventor ass, founding father flirt fire, oh organizer parentheses militia, fire, Hartman Street Cleaning, closed parentheses, odometer bigger and envy of islands, visionary that carrion temporarily, I just I love that. He really why so many things and maybe he's belittled a little bed for some silly. Things that we think might have been gas sore. Ah mistake his behalf wanting to propose that Turkey, as the nest bird as the United States, but this is what he

to say about the american Eagle, and it really gives us a glimpse into the way that his mind worked and and to his type of character. He said, my own part, I wish the eagle had not been chosen, the representative of our country. He is a bird moral character. He does not get us living honestly and he goes on to it that the eagle pretty much sits on a high perch watches. All the others. Do the work and then goes into Surprise. So you very much a man who was fond of earning a living and he started out in a printing. Shop had wanted to be a sailor, but his father said now: you can't you have to work in a printing shop, and so we did and from there he made a big impact on media with the Philadelphia Cassettes poor Richard Almanac. He was a scientist developing a single fluid theory of electricity. He drew the first political cartoon, he was a postmaster, a philosopher, diplomats. A musician created the bifocals

go on and on and on, but I'll stop and tell you some of the more interesting TED bets about his innovations and provisions to fighting. He actually He didn't instrument called the glass are Monica, looks like out pianoforte with glass where's the series of cloth tumblers inside and the glass spends a new dampen your fingers, and then you play them like the scene and Miss Congeniality with Sandra Bullock, playing the glasses citizen, she'll instrument that he put together at the only time that Sandra Bullock Convention thank that have ever been in the same sent him and you didn't think we can do at. This is what we girls are capable of in seventeen forty two. Who founded the american Philosophical Society and the purpose of first Franklin was to promote full knowledge and the colonies,

it still around today, still essentially serving the same purpose. It's engaging people from different professions and dialogue to disseminate knowledge and understanding, and the original members were a physician mathematician. Geographer philosopher botanist come as an engineer, and it was very the idea of a salon. You get intelligent people together to discuss these things and, to better says, Heidi, essentially and and listen to his intellect we'll knowledge and contributions, one of his physical contribution was forming a fire fighting club. This was this man in Philadelphia who got together and seventeen thirty six to incorporate the union fire company and they were required, have buckets to help put our flames in bags, remove valuables from homes, because fires were incredibly common with all the wooden structures around and all the fireplace that abounded, as members protecting members. Essentially, if you weren't a member, you are kind about a lock, from here he had

idea to create mutual insurance people paying and for protection, and if any member of society lost his home to fire. She had this to an insurance group would give the money to have to reckon forest losses so pretty and Jean us and to talk about his political side. A little bet he's, when for starting the great compromise during the drafting of the constitution. Originally he didn't really go along with this idea. He wanted a eunuch camera legislation, but eventually he said will solve the problem of representation. By having a house made up of representatives that are determined by states, population and then senators of which will have the same number from every states There was a moment when people thought the constitution wouldn't get signed, because people were so pretty upset about some differences among them he made a very, very in a speech in implored everyone to sign an almost everyone dead, but not everyone, so he die With this legacy of being the ultimate american

listen. He really was everything to all subject areas and inventions as simple as before was in the lightning rod. The Franklin style of things like this that still impact our society. Today. Speaking of it we still use today. Franklin invented the flexible urine catheter, while other it doesn't sound. Oliver exciting has extremely practical uses and if you ve ever been in the hospital and needed one, I'm sure you'll grateful, but that here's to show that the greatest innovations round again at from small practical things, to grandiose ideologies and we're so thankful for all innovators in history who have made our world this today and you ve been listening got an idea for another innovator. Who was not propose on the first round of comments. If you want to you, can you can stop was to carve out a couple days later on particular blog injury, or you can wait until we do a little

cost around out about this topic and another one when you visit our blogs- or you know, history, podcast, house, Upward Stockholm and for more information about Benjamin Franklin, lots of dementia and some good old Gutenberg printing be sure to visit the website at how suffered stuff for more openness and thousands of other topics. Does it how stuff works, dot com and be sure to check out the Stephanie missed in history glass, blood on the house to forecast that contracts during rockers podcast coming. A story about finding a home in rock music and learning the flourishing your own weird way. It's also said letters of nice to my young herself? Ass she navigates ashes, adolescence seals or socially eighty body issues and relationships and discovers a transformative power during

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