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maximum Shane bacon from your said. Third, you can listen and follow on the I radio app Apple podcast ever you, listen podcast you missed in history has works not helping women from harming brine. Tracy me Wilson and its one more Halloween episode, Nor have we live Few relate where the hell are we that, though, we ve had a lots now, yes, and this one is a little bit gruesome Emma. I feel that we need to put a trigger warning on it. It pretty heavily feature some very serious violence against children, so if that's very serious violence against children. So, if that something that you're not comfortable with or if you have younger listeners, you would rather not have we do have a back catalogue of Halloween episodes from previous years and many others Far later, fair, like the history of hollowing candy, so perhaps hop over to one

Instead, if you still want a historical hollowing fix, but think this one might be a little too intense lobbying, today retirement werewolves, which may sound fun in light. But this particular thing we're talking about centres on a series of very real attacks on children in France in the late sixteenth century. So there is a bit of horror, involves impossible delusion and a cultural you're that was so deep rooted. That people were willing to accept fairly outlandish concepts as perfectly rational explanations for events that were to troubling and upsetting to just. Unresolved with no dynamo to start. There is a real political state, that's called clinical, I can't therapy, and this is when somebody believes that they transformed into a wolf. This is a condition

let's believed to be mostly a unique expression of some other underlying conditions such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, or even really severe depression. So it's not just something that happens in isolation without other underlying psychological factors. Correct and the first recorded case of clinical, like cancer P, was written up in ants in eighteen. Fifty two in that particular case was about an asylum patient in Nazi France and this report. Drives a man who was so completely convinced that he had turned into a wolf to the point. That seems: his normal human teeth had grown into those of a wolf that his feet had me into a semi cloven ass, like state and that his body was covered in here, and he When doctors came to examine him, you know show them these features. He would pull his lips show them his wolf teeth, but of course, doctors, saw only normal human body.

He also insisted as part of this transition. He believed he believed he had made that he be only fed raw meat. France, in particular, seems to be a hotbed of this condition and the most likely explanation is but a very these points in history. There have been some very legitimate concerns about Wolf attacks in France. I know people In four wulfric introductions today like to talk about, there have never been incidents of wolves, in people. This was not the case in early modern Europe at all, oh yeah, like you, mean to add in modern America at the end of that sentence, so we ve talked about before actually in our bees to reject an episode, for example. So there is a very lengthy period from the middle ages. Do about the seventeenth century. Were wolves were basically we're gonna number one in France and they were creatures of great power and

raw that were capable of just incredible carnage. So it would make sense, then that in some instances people dealing with delusional mental conditions may be themselves to be in some way the ultimate evil or savage thing that they could think of which culturally in France at this point had been war. That is the case during this point. In France, or about today, as well as Tracy just mentioned, injuries on either side now and sixteenth century. For especially in rural areas. It was unfortunately all too common for children to vanish or to be attacked by predatory animals such as wolves and not long after the feast of San Michel in fifteen. Seventy two there was a young girl have aged ten or twelve who was attacked at the vineyard disaster. I and the victim was strangled to death. Strips of her flash were torn away from her Arms and legs, and initially it wasn't clear exactly what had happened

and then we get to your gun yea This is a man who had for a long time been something of a loner. He lived in a forest north of the city of dull. He was urged from LEO, which was not far away. That far enough away that he was perceived to some degree, is a foreigner and he was nicknamed the hermit of done. Although we should clarify that he was not a hermit in the religious sense, Nearly a man who lived on the fringes of society as a recluse abbot at some point. Feel married, a woman named Apollonia and we don't really know much about her other than that. The two of them live dinner hermitage at the satin bonnet near near a month and the wind after Gilles and Apollonia married was particularly harsh. The region where the city of dull and the sale of forest were Garnier lived, which called for the Comte de exe in a very serious famine as a consequence of the lower the normal temperatures, so he had no lives

or land to support himself and and his bride still sort of trying to figure out, how exactly you found and married this woman, the details on that are between scarce and non existent so scared Jane through the winter, was really just fruitless data. He would wander the countryside. He was often seen by. Measures in the region, licking progressively more sickly, a now before we get to the day when desperation allegedly ledge your gun yea, to commit a truly horrific acts, and several thereafter pause for a moment for a word from one of the great sponsors accused the show going. This episode of stuffy myth in history glasses, brought to you by love book do you ever wanted to share a love story with somebody, but you weren't really sure how to start that is where love book comes in. These are totally customizable books that you can give, as gives to the people that you love and care about. Most people use them to list out the reasons why they love someone. You can create character.

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So back to the story of sugar name, autumn day when the young girl was killed in the vineyard that Tracy spoke of the beginning of the episode it was, I gladly Garnier who took her life but elsewhere. Appeared as a wolf. We do not know there were no witnesses, she did, however, after feeding their at the sight of the murder. According to the record time, some of the girls flesh home to also feed his hungry wife, eight days after that first attack, he stopped and another girl and a meadow called le Loup, MRS near the site, with a first murder had taken place. Savage event took place in the daytime and the late morning the girl was really torn apart and he'll according to testimony, was given later used his hands on his teeth to kill her on this occasion, Garnier was actually chased away by several witnesses before he could eat any of his prey. Witnesses would later testify that at the time of the attack, when they came upon this situation,

they had heard. The girl screaming Garnier was indeed in his wolf form and he was shredding the child with his claws, because whew pine appearance there. They could not identify the perpetrator that they had happened upon in this horrific. As you darnay, they just knew it was some werewolf anything, but they knew not. Who is not the first time for the only time in France when there is us reports of a strange wolf being yeah, maybe said Frances a hotbed for this four situation so another week later there was another attack this time the victim was, boy of approximately ten years old, the boy had been walking in a vineyard named great resolve when Garnier, again, allegedly in the form of both set upon him and asked what the first, and as with the first act and the boy was strangled flesh from the size, legs and belly of the child was eaten

the boys body was brutally dismembered, Garnier or the its whoever. The attacker was Torah leg from corpse and carried it away and in some he'll hear that both legs were taken. A fourth attack took place as we others a week after the previous murder, this time, was a boy he was twelve or thirteen was near. The village of pepper use in their chrome, Chrome, any perish, and once again this victim was dragged into the woods. The attacker seemed intent on eating him, but during this fourth attack, the child's screams actually brought attention doors happening in several people. Follow those screams into the woods and the arrival of these additional people frightened the hermit away. We're gonna call it that rather than the wolf for reasons that will be apparent momentarily,

but unfortunately, it was too late to save the boy that had been attacked and the child was actually dead by the time. Help reached him. So in this fourth attacks down said to have been perpetrated by Garnier the witnesses who had come help this child. They heard screaming said that he was most certainly not in the form of a wolf the normal human person and in the documentation of this case. Not only are the early attacks described as being the most in horrific villainy, but the fact that Garnier attacked and was planning to eat the meat of the. No vague them on a Friday was especially troubling. This issued the religious practice of abstaining. A meat on that day, which is part of a Catholic, observe observation that was observed in the rest of the community and the area yeah. This is the there really damning thing it's like. Not only is he a werewolf he's doing it against our regular eating schedule of the church.

Which seems very silly when we say it now, but this was something taken very very seriously at the time and so witnesses, had seen unidentified Garnier. He was quickly taken into custody. This is another area of the story where there are some variations in terms of how he was arrested. So in some tailings it happened on the site as a sort of citizens arrest like these witnesses, had subdued him in and took him to the authority. And then another versions. It happens after the fact, when the witnesses who had intervened in the attack went authorities in and they send out people to collect Garnier once Gunjay was entrusted, He things moved very very quickly. Eureka. Lou was a prosecutor in the case in his full title, was doktor of laws, councillor of our Lord, the king, in the Supreme Court of the parliament of dull, and he serves,

ITALY is prosecutor, general and public prosecutor in Garnier is very, very expedient trial. Fifty different witnesses came forward to testify against Garnier Alot of this. A lot of this was really circumstantial. People described like seeing a wolf in the woods and then not long after also seeing Garnier so than they would conclude that those were both the same person yeah. So even if you factor in the witnesses in me to attacks, were people came to try to help the children involved. That was really only a few, Following this with dozens of people, they were like, I did see Wolf annually, same day I saw GEO Garnier in the same spot is clearly the same which again in today's forensics

and the science sort of a criminal investigation that would not fly, but in a very fearful countryside in France. That was certainly certainly adequate. Testimony silver, his power Garnier confessed to the attacks, acknowledging that, indeed, he did intend to eat all of his victims According to his story, as he was out looking for food one day remember this happened during a harsh winter when it was pretty much scavenging in the fall to see what he could put together in terms of consumable things to sustain himself in his wife you said the he met a spectre in the woods, a ghost but in human form. In the separation appeared the gun, yea and he told him that he could help the spectre could she'll Garnier Sal. That would catalyze a transformation. But this mysterious girls could only teach

starving hermit how to metamorphosed into one animal, a wolf in Lyon or a leopard say because a wolf made the most fence in the french countryside. That was what, shows he thought that in a lupines form, he would improve his arms at finding food. In his wife in some telling the story. It's also reported that he had children but its unclear, whether that's actually the case according to his confession, when he saw his first victim in the woods he was so hungry, but he just gave over His new found animal instincts in this entire story, as outlandish as it may sound, actually fits in very well with the contemporary thinking at the time that, where

were really sort of similar to witches in that they had been seduced by the devil or another demon, and so it really made sense to people hearing. This confession that is, your Garnier had in fact traded his soul to the devil for the power to save his family, possibly because I just went to Salem and Patty. Had a which too conducted by Listener Nancy. Thank you, Nancy. The whole time talking about this, unlike the sound so much like Salem, which trial events and the types of evidence that were allowed in the it really is, if you read many looks on werewolves in Europe, but specifically France. During this time, they too about the werewolf hysteria in parallel, so closely to which, oh hysteria in terms of just people buying in like we discuss our real evidence right, but it just fits into their sort of feed,

there's an schema in the moment, culturally, that Ray it's almost exactly the same, so On January, eighteen, fifteen, seventy three veal garnier was found guilty of both like amphibian witchcraft and according to his sentence, quote the person of the accused, shall be handed over to the master, executioner, applied justice and directing that he said the zeal gone. You shall be drawn upon a hurdle from this very place under the customary place of execution. And that by aforesaid master executioner, he shall be burned quick and his body reduced to ashes Moreover, molted in the expenses and costs of this suit. Yes, sickly, he was dragged from the place where the trial had taken place to a state where he was burned, and all of the very few possessions that he actually had were seized in an effort to cover the expenses of having had this whole trial.

The letter from Daniel Dodge too much you did Shalmaneser, who was the dean of the chapter of says, summarised the entire garnier cases follows quote He'll Gurney the werewolf, like a file, was a solitary who took to himself a wife, and then find food to support his family fell upon so evil and impious courses that, whilst wandering about one evening through the woods he made a pact with a phantom, spectral man, whom he incur in some remote and hunted spot. The some deluded him with fine promises and among other gods, each time. Become a wolf alliance, an ounce just as he would list rising that since the wolf was the least remarkable of savage beasts, the show would be the more comfortable to this. He agree and received in England or South, where He anointed himself when he went away to shift his shape. He died every penitent. Having made full confession of his crimes,

the key element that was omitted from that letter and also for a most casual accounts of this whole incident is that she'll Garnier was tortured on the rack before he made his confession on the afternoon that you don't know what rack torture involves a person being tortured as fast to a frame that has rollers at one or both ends. They are fastened by their rest in their ankles and then a crank is to turn these rollers and pull the person's body. So the basically stretches the person's body and causes excruciating pay and there have been a lot of variations on designs, correct devices, including a french one, letting added spikes on the rulers and some are angled set up so that the victim is disoriented. In addition to being just completely tortured- and we don't of the specifics of the type of rack used to elicit this concession from she'll garnier, but it is difficult to imagine that even after a short time one might want to,

as all manner of things in order to just make such an ordeal stop in late, fifteen many. Three dealing with citizens, fearing werewolf attacks and hoping to combat the ongoing problems with black Panther, be despite little garden av purported werewolf having been executed, the government of dough published a decree that werewolf hunting with legal and those citizens were authorized to kill such a creature with no fear of penalty or punishment. So pikes, halberds, muskets and sticks were all suggested as potential weapons to use for werewolf hunting chuckling a little bit because of the idea of going after a werewolf with a stick. In fact, just a regular off, which is probably what was really the problem: correct yeah. I was sort of this link

really kind of desperate effort to make the citizens feel a little bit empowered to sort of take their safety into their own hands. I did not on the rabbit hole of finding out if there were any sort of crazy and foolhardy birds in that arena, but I'm sure would possibly fostered such things the record of carnies arrest. Trial in judgment was actually publish the year after his death and fifteen seventy four and it's that document- that's primarily used today to source information about the story, however, it's considered an official record and it does reference court proceedings that doctor this from another time when it was perfectly acceptable to legitimately list being a werewolf as a crime, and document was also distributed in pamphlet form. It was a means to educate and warn the public about the dangers of nuclear whew. Werewolves, so unclouded reality of the situation is not likely truly represented in this document, and the early

you, thousands, a study was made of last. They are messy the massive forest of surface to hunt for the remains of yields. Carnies home people did find it ruins of a modest dwelling, they did date, the second half of the sixteenth century and despite the long told tail bed there, reclusive Garnier had taken pieces of his victims home to his wife. There were no signs of human remains found at that particular home and the reality of the story of the werewolf of dull is the zeal. Gardener was possibly mentally ill. He may have a serial killer and a cannibal who preyed on children and use this. We'll story is a more palatable confession and the idea that he was simply a ferocious human or he may have used. It is an attempt to try to shift the blame in this case to the devil rather than himself if he did

out, the murderers for which he was tried. It's definitely incredibly horrific its clear his victims, probably all suffered terribly, but is also entirely possible that the attacks were. In fact the work of actual animal predators and that for some reason or another Garnier just felt compelled to take credit for them. Then, as we said before, his confession was the result of torture. So it's really to say whether that was the truth or not whether she'll Garnier was experiencing delusions or not whether he was a serial killer, not he used to some degree as a scapegoat in time. We're paranormal animals were very real fears to villages in Europe in the european countryside, tv Cargan, is an outside and sort of sacrifice to quell the fears of a community about these unexplained it attacks and even He did kill the four children involved. In the case there were,

their children, they were killed by animals during this period in the execution of one man was likely used innocence to assure the community that the evil had been apprehended, even though, as we said, attacks continued failure, now that we're werewolves or fictional. We do not encourage the practice of accepting the power of werewolf transformation from strange spectral manner, It's here just turn that offer right down. So if that happens, not only should you turn it down, you should go someplace, safe ghetto. From anyone weird in the woods offering you freaky powers, I think this is a good lifeless, that we wish you all a happy Halloween and we hope you have a great and safe one another.

Nearly so scary. If this happens, unless it is in a controlled, haunted house type environment- and you know, you're actually safe and they are now murders happening you, we don't want any of that. This episode of stuff, you missed in history glasses, brought to you by Norton three sixty with lifelong, what they your shopping online with your smartphone. Its super feels like ear. Personal information is just right there in your hand, but that's not always the case, because, as soon as you hit submit your personal information could start other places. In fact, whenever you shop Bank or browse online, your personal invoking get out of your control, and that can we be vulnerable to cyber criminals. More threats demand more protection. That's why Norton and Lifelong are now part of one company Norton three

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a new might appear to be programme as their most groundbreaking and customize programme. Ever I joined Debbie W because I was really looking for something that was going to help encourage me to make healthier eating choices. They have really done that when you joined them W W program, you will take a personal assessment. It asking questions, you're eating habits in your behaviour is not scientifically matches you up with which plan is going to be the best for you, a blue plan and it has made such a big difference or me in terms of encouraging means, eat healthy foods join W. W, formerly wait. Watchers unlock your custom. Weight loss plan that can make losing weight easier for you had gone over to Debbie Debbie dot com, that's w w dot com to joint Debbie Debbie. Today, with a limited time offer. This new material ideal, if not hollowing related, but we have to pieces that there are very lovely and, as I have mentioned before him Trinity, you a little bit more with our are physical mail that we get cause. We do get a lot of it and we often ready nails the very least to read the physical ones.

Its especially great for me because, as I have not in our office very often see them too yeah. I usually keep them in a little pile and on the other crazy, we have shown TAT when she arrives. Our first one is our listener. Laurel I'm just going to read a little bit of it, because most of her letter is actually really good suggestions, but first I have you that her penmanship is so really lovely. It looks as Tracy said, like a fire illicit, you find a moral says. I have listened to your show for a few years away. Ago, I found this item and Edwardian underscored question mark in a pile of former Halloween costumes that a coworker was throwing out anyway save it, but I didn't know to whom I could give it. You talked him upon cast about linking historical costume, so perhaps you could find a for it Laurel that was so sweet of you Emma. I do want to look into this of how we can best restore it. Some of the way needs to be re attached and it needs a cleaning, but I want to be gentle with it and not get too scrubby

actually harm the textile, because it is a little bit older, its little fragile, but it's so lovely in such a sweet thought that I just want to make sure we thank you on the air Our next letter is from our listen and clear, and I read it, and it was just so delightful that I wanted to share with listeners, says Dear Holly and Tracy thanks so much for the awesome podcast recent podcast about javelins clothing through the ages, with the interview, a decent marrow and I loved him. The day after I listen to after I listen to it. I saw a fellow students at school wearing a waistcoat. There was too small for him, which I know drives Mister Merrick crazy. Also, my ticket teacher, Mr Meister wears a boat I every single day, I'm sure he and mister marrow would get along very well. Thanks for the wonderful podcast. Thank you for that if a letter Clare, I bet say, someone with anybody. It wears a vote I every day I am I. I love that you now recognise when people's waistcoat stuff

properly. I noticed it alot more I'm starting to Jason, reminiscent of the things I kind of notice, but I really notice it now. So I dont see people and waistcoats. Very often now must be hang out the waste to your crowd than you, if you would like to us. He should absolutely do so. You can email s at history. By cast a house, I worked our common or on Facebook outcome, Slash missed it We were on twitter atmosphere, history or pinterest dot com missed in history, in history that tumblr COM or Instagram ATLAS in history. If you want to read it but more about what we talked about today. You can go to our parents site how that works, I ve been ordered werewolf in the search bar and you're gonna get an article written by none other than the fabulous Tracy Wilson. I did right there, you did it's, how werewolves work and is quite a good reed. If you'd like to visit from the web. You can do that it must in history dot com where you will find all the episode there has ever been of this show, as well as show note from the period

tracy. I started on and also will also add another blog posts, and what not? I owe listeners few for various things. I have asked him to write about my head, not collated. All of my information for those together, so that is my bad coming security. Does it owes it most amused? Read our government in House luminous darker war on this, and thousands of other topics house works how low bunnies this is Ard Marine. You may know me from Chelsea lately or as were genus unclear on insatiable. I wanna tell you, but my comedy podcast. Will you accept this rose, which is new to the eye heart radio podcast network? We

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