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Look under the editor can't join my stuff fighting again, if you send out of its nuclear risk area over coal. Ok, I gotta from Josh Clerk of Delay. You well today we are actually going to take up a topic that a lot of our listeners have ie us about. We get a lot of requests for pod about the civil war and worsen, no can burns and were certainly not ambitious enough to try to tackle the entire civil war and a single pod cast. So we thought we might approach this and segment and today were starting with what is, I think, pretty industry lay one of the most famous battles of the civil war and that's gettysburg. Here we have a great article on the site that goes into really good detail about what happened during the battle we're gonna go over and chance to be there Pierre in and look at the great visuals. That will help you a lot on. When we talk about different parts of the battle

relations and lines or members of man and strategies, especially so what interesting about the battle of Gettysburg is that it occurred not Leon, but maybe it for the middle of the civil war at ranged from July. First, a third eighteen, sixty three even though there are still two more years of war after Gettysburg. This was considered a man you're turning points because till now. The south have been way some major victories and if you look at the innovation of the Confederates and the union. You can see that the confederates a lot on a lot on the line, you know for wine slavery wise the South Institute And they were fighting to preserve at and, furthermore, a lot of them I've been taking place on site soil, and so these men were fighting act, their land, their homes, their families. They had a lot at stake. Meanwhile, many from the nor is while a light had

abolitionist causes at heart, weren't as committed to fighting in the war. It they'd been tat for service by Lincoln. They were obligated to fight, but it was awarded warrant as wholeheartedly invested, and you can see that they warn us excited about. It is looking over the thrill of the south that either that the self had but all it is a good point, but also on the idea that much of the north people, you know civilians hadn't, seen much action in their own in their own land. On state is a real change. From now on, this battle took place in Pennsylvania. We dear the confederate general, obviously was trying to invade the north. Ultimately, he wanted to take over Washington by fortune to the north. In in this campaign, he was trying to also get Europeans, poor Indus recognition, because they struggling to get recognition they receive trading with the british at this time with the south was by.

Finally, the european powers didn't want to officially take a claim because, as you know, this was this is internal conflict with the United States, they didn't wanna, take us quite yet So are we talking a pie cast earlier about Emancipation proclamation and when that was finally instituted? finally, when the european powers wanted to step away from support for the south and say like they don't want to support slavery, necessarily so the is at stake. At this point, get european support to give you some context, at his burial, a small. Town in Pennsylvania. It only had a population of about two thousand four hundred at the time, but it was so really important because about ten roads interest, did in the middle of this town, the major software like traders and just like people going from Like Harris Bergen near to the capital in ten- and there was a it- was a bus please in that way, in this kind of

brought the two forces, the south and the north together that point, because, while we was was in enemy territory in the north, he was having trouble. Close and into supporting feeding his troops. He didn't have the supply lines that he had in the south, and so actually some troops or suffering from they need more shoes ones other general major errors are major. General Ap Hill actually heard that there were shoes and gettysburg that he could for his men and that's why you started heading that way precisely so wet year, Wouldn't you is the fact that Gettysburg was an unplanned battle, Berwin planned You arriving Gettysburg simultaneously knowing rely new, which were where the other, when it was the north and south, and know exactly where they were situated at this point, so they serve stumbled upon each other at Gettysburg, and I think that this battle again we sort of symptomatic of the happenstance circumstances? Other civil war and the beginning? People thought that the

would be over after a few major, decisive battles and not certainly was not the case. It turn into Patricia in which each side was trying to where the other down and these massive death tools were being incurred and, as will see, Gettysburg was no exception to that. So Here we have a couple of confederate troops rolling into gettysburg looking for shares, and, coincidentally, there union troops. Already there and so I will see that the south who had been so victories farther men had a lot of valor and guts and encourage, and maybe a little bit too much arrogant. You know they were they were men from West Point in the Virginia Military Institute will see that this sort of cockiness pave the way for Defeat yeah, and especially they were coming off of a win at the battle of Chancellorsville the south at a lot of confidence after that, even though they actually, we should note that at that bad Stonewall Jackson, the great southern leader, was killed. Exactly

friendly fire. He was major liability and like you mentioned, even if it was to become a worm, attrition that sort of put the confederates at a distance in its they had less men in general, and that was certainly the case. It again he's they were out manned by the M, the north one major point of it. We should mention about. Gettysburg. Is that it Lee, we come into conflict the budding heads with his subordinate Longstreet. So we have Robert E Lee and James Long Street, Lee is very much a fan of aggressive war tactics, whereas James Longstreet prefers defensive tactics. And even though often tactics had won the confederacy Chancellorsville and it also cost them nearly twelve thousand men and like Jane, was saying if this was a game of numbers. The south simply couldn't afford to take another here

last like that, and so there are plenty of historians and theorists out there, who like to say that this conflict ideology between Long Street and Lee is what ultimately cost the South Gettysburg breakers to some people say: Longstreet sorted reluctant and slow to it, to listen to Lee, and so he didn't act as quickly as a shot of and if our need for trade, the movie Gettysburg, you see that long stewardess made out to be a more contemplative heroic figure There are other historians. You would argue that it bordered insubordination, because he would sometimes your fears to carry out these orders or he would carry them out so slowly tat. They were rendered an effect, sort of play devils Advocate for Lee at least he you at this point, didn't mean the union general at this point. That's me

had never really want to major battle, and that also is North had to replace a lot of their seasoned soldiers at the time with inexperienced men so low, he just sort of fellow like also we like region before coming, The confidence of the winter Chancellorsville and in all these, going with immediacy advocate that confidence that he thought he could just take the offensive in it would work out he dead and let's Africa, the major initiative here, was that he was on Washington he was going to take Washington. He was going to get Europe's recognition of the south There is going to be a major kill, and so you can see how this sort of enthusiasm wound up costing him way too many lives another. The battle lasted for three days so before we delve into the instances that occurred on each particular day of the battle here, The highlights day, one is officially to lie. First, eighteen sixty three, and this is when the troops, from both sides well into town. They ve already

turn. You know you ve done they mechanisms. They know that either side is there, so they they're going to be waging a battle and in Gettysburg the Confederates actually push the union troops out of the town. And to the hills outside of town and they turn out to be a really bad move, because in war you want the vantage point of hell, because you have the elevation from which to fight also to scrub out, what's going on the other side, or you can see the enemy more easily exactly so by day here, which is July. Second, Lee has a very ill fated man, were that he tries where he attacks the union from the left side, hoping that the side of the flank, while dash over there and help save the guys and then he's gonna have someone else, attack them to the right and the left will have to rush to the rights rescue and essentially, both sides would crumble, but this attack failed.

So one day, three July. Third, he tries indifferent tactic and not as attacking from the centre, which also fails cell to go back the day before the conflict action started you This union Major General John Buford, who had arrived and gettysburg, and here Hubert of Cavalry with him, and he spied confederates actually from the top of the lutheran seminary. Their view then sent word to major General John Reynolds, who was that miles away. This point who has sent, reinforce, is ever reinforcements from Union General George Mean, who is smile. It miles farther from him at a tiny town Maryland. So I'm done. Nine underlie First Lisbon Buford officially begins fight with the Confederate Major General Henry has, and he had actually been Centre Gettysburg to procure these infamous shoes. And by eight thirty, the union is already struggling that day by noon they were completely pusher.

Down and shoved off toward the health these ills, which meant in the south of town and vantage point of the hills, but their held back by the iron brigades, which consisted of well made an hundred men by it in the arm, ragged actually lost twelve backed by the Iron brigade, which consisted of well eighteen hundred men by it. In the arm for good actually lost twelve hundred early since through casualties that day, but they were so able to withhold and keep their ground on these hills and what's important while they were doing not hold any confederates back. There were union mobilizing by cemetery hell and cops hell and the Confederates didn't know how many men were being prepared to fight. So what Renewing you have confederate has attacking southern the union flank and Major General Robert IRAN. To tackle in the northern end by the some people argue that can the confederate lieutenant General your was. Actually he didn't push hard enough

because he was ordered by Lee to push the north past the hill, by he. Actually, instead, he tree trunk. But failed at first, and he wanted to wait until Longstreet arrived that night. Dorians are you that he didn't try hard enough in? This was a major mistake that probably ultimately cost the battle, and I think that this two Longstreet actually wanted to manoeuvre the trips around, so they could get toward Washington right when you finally arrived at night and those the end of of they were. I leave is the one who held on and perhaps Lee was looking around and he got in word of sir numbers, and he got a little bit cocky, because the confederates actually lost eight thousand men not day and the new the union had lost nine. Years inrushing. You mention widely known what he didn't. One important point that we forgot the mentioned earlier and this was a major disadvantage for the south. At this point, usually during battle does a huge J E b Stuart- and this was a major disadvantage for the south. At this point, usually during battle, does it

huge advantaged people to know where your enemy is in everything like that, and so when we, what we didn't new hurt him. So, said Joe Longstreet arrived that night and day one. He argued with Lee about what to do. You wanna, take more defensive position and then, at the begin They too, which was July. Second, So the union army came to reinforce their troops and the union to sort of position themselves in the shape of a fish. Look at this point curving. This is when visuals will help reactors point curving around cops hill you around cemetery who down Terry Ridge, the hills of little round truck top and round top, which were hills and- the confederates were serving a long thin concave line Longstreet and you were on the flanks either side and hill was in the center Lee. Actually ordered you to attack the union right around. Material Cops Hill and Longstreet to attacking left by. Unfortunately,

with these attacks. Word away at this point for various reasons and three and encounter part were not able to attacked away after noon that day. So at this point, the union commander Daniel Cycles actually takes his troops and move them down into peach orchard, and then wheat field and Devils Dan and long. She wasn't really expecting him than outright and that's why these are such notorious battles, because they were so bloody and so violent and in so many deaths incurred through here and essentially what they were kind of fighting for this premise little round top, because this is where elevation comes back and apply. This is such a pivotal point where you can watch moving down below the other side is doing so. Colonel Chamberlain actually wanted to defend. Union troops placed on top of little round top so that the confederates couldn't get to it and he stood his ground for two hours with a confederate just fine away at them and he

actually lost a third of his men before commanded a very famous bayonet charge to take out the confederates in a sort of save the union flank? At that point, it was very successful I'm so actually, by the end of the day, to both sides lost about nine thousand men. It was about my heels, but certainly body separate. To day three July third, before dawn. Actually the union actually took back round that they had lost before around Corpse Hill and this immediately foiled these hopes of attacking the right flank of the union right, so he's thinking that he's going to attack the centre and laws again, a very common theme is disagreeing with him and sang now. I dont think that this is going to work and in fact it did not so major point of contention between Long Straighten Lee was that in order to get to the man on cops Hull, there, to march through about three quarters of a mild and open field, and so the confederate

and allow reducing and wide open expand, says in a perfectly possess and be shot out from the union. Troops who had the position on an elevated playing Yes, are you understand why Longstreet objected to this plan, but we argue that the union was weaken. He thought that union and how much left in them and gas and guess who comes along this pine has been missing out on all the action, the Confederate Major General George pickets yeah. He really jumped on the chance because he said he'd mistake. You said he had miss a lot of the actual before him. He wanted to prove himself at this point, and we should mention that pick. Wasn't the only like he had his his brigade, but he wasn't the only one who had men there, but he is meant by the charge, and so that's, why is referred to as it gets charge, which was comprised of fifteen thousand men like Jane, said, five thousand of whom were actually pickets man and ten thousand, who technically below

the long street. So again, Longstreet really opposes this idea of the confederate soldiers. Rushing toward cemetery wreckage, but pick it invests himself. He leads to charge an What's really I tricky at this point is that the union soldiers have in firing from their elevated points and they decide that they're going to pull the wool over the confederates eyes. So they stop fire. Entirely to tackling the confederates anything that they run out of ammunition, and so this gives the confederates and even false or sense of confidence if they can confederate men went up against about ten thousand Union Infantry men but of course, even though the confederate have more men at this point at this little skirmish, very well fifteen thousand men confederate men went up against about ten thousand Union Infantry men, but of even though the confederate have more men at this point at this little skirmish give the union

Mention has the upper hand by the ground, the higher ground, and so it ultimately failed for the confederates. They lost about half of their men in the attack and all thirteen kernels. Finally, one confederate were greatly brigade led by I'd, bring brigadier General Louis armistice. Actually me at the top of the ridge He was actually shot down soon after reaching the top, but it was about this point where we know is that the high water mark of the confederacy and the sword? It doesn't necessarily recognise the farthest north that the confederates, literally God, but because of you fighting towards the south. At this point, just in terms of the terrain of gettysburg by it does it, symbolic importance that the sort of the best chance they, and for the northern invasion, like we say, they got to that point that they were unable to hold it and that was removed ass the ditch effort for the confederates. At that point, so I became pretty apparent,

that the battle was over and that the Confederates at Boston, those who could flung back to their troops. Some just died in the middle of this field, they retreated all the troops we're still able to be mobilized, worried and some numbers for years, just to put it in perspective, out of eighty eight thousand union troops, twenty three thousand were wounded or killed, and that was twenty six point. One percent of the union's forces. By contrast, five thousand inveterate troops. Twenty eight and wounded or killed for a total percentage of thirty seven point. Three I've confederate men so sudden obviously took the harder hit, an exotic ends and a war of attrition. You really can't afford to lose numbers like dying away. The confederates went back to Virginia and they didn't venture back and Worth again in Washington, was essentially saved and Lincoln was very upset

with general need for not essentially finishing off the confederate troops. Yearly was actually expecting an attack after when he was retreating and that never came, and a lot of people criticise me for not taking that opportunity to serve. You know you know, d put it never nicely to kick him when they're down like this was a perfect opportunity to sort of just clinch it and we're not quite sure why historian speculate that the troops were so physically exhausted by point, and so many men were down that meet, couldn't gather enough men, too money is downright that it would have been ideal and Lincoln was actually so inferior that he fired made and so meet actually gave the confederates a chance to scrape themselves up does themselves off and regroup. In the north or the south actually work to win a couple more battles before the end of the world and you probably knows wasn't the end of the war. The war would go on for another two years, even though this was a major turning point. Obviously one thing

the asking is like one of the most famous union generals at this point was Ulysses S grant, and so why wasn't he here? Why have we mentioned his name and thus because here is fighting another battle at this point, a very important battle, name Vicksburg, and this is very long as well lasted for months and finally, it ended on the day after Gettysburg ended July. Fourth, eighteen sixty three after forty haven't siege on that town. It was a unit, victory grant came out ahead This is very important because it reclaimed the Mississippi River for the north, and this was done. Trade route at all Did you that it's split the south into which may the connections and reinforcements difficult between the south at that point, grant actually one of the reasons, and probably the reason that the new when the war, because of his strategy of using the numbers against the south. He was well

to throw the numbers on play, the numbers against the south, and even if it meant more casualties, it ultimately resulted in victory. So hopefully, in a future podcast on grant later and we can delve more deeply into Vicksburg and just Europe at the battle of Gettysburg and this place for new and expected to fight. You may be wondering or how many civilians were killed and the bloodbath, and the answer is one and I hesitate to say just one already made the mistake of saying earlier, only eight thousand any Duff and wars. Obviously on a tragedy and a young woman about twenty years old hurting was Jenny Wade. She was at her sisters, housebreaking bread and she was hit by two robe bullets while she was inside also how about that is unfortunate coincidence, getting caught in the crossfire there, and I actually I doubt the unknown soldier of Gettysburg, maybe just one of many unknown soldiers of Gettysburg a couple of weeks ago on the stuff you mentioned history, class blog and if you miss that

the entry pertain to a five part series work times by Earl Morris was writing about an amber type that had been found in a dead soldiers hand, and He had no identification on him, justice, old, tiny picture of three children and so the story of tracing down his identity in the idea, being able to put a name and a life to one dead soldier in a field of thousands of dead soldiers was really touching story, so we actually blue. About many more topics than just this civil war. On our blog, everything from I talk like Shakespeare dates here. The latest news and the great wall of China excavation settles right, and we also addressed some of your questions directly on Monday is now we deal in every Friday. We do a little recap of our pie cast their. We certainly hope that you will visit the blogs at house to forestall com and

also, if you think, of any topics you like to hear about or have any comments. I see that for Jane and be sure to email eyes at history, pie, CAS housed, upward stock, the moral Miss and thousands of other topic, because it has therefore accept com we're going to ITALY. After the events of last year's troops or Paris, we are planning another similar trip, still with divine destinations, good time to Rome, and Florence Year we are going to spend a week exploring some amazing things were going to have city tourism, both Roman Florence, we're gonna, see the Roman Colosseum, the Vatican Museum in the Sistine Chapel seat, Peters, Basilica, Vatican City. This is just a tiny fraction of all the stuff we're gonna get to do, get its May fourteen to twenty first, twenty twenty and to get more information

to define, destinations, dot, com and scroll down to the roman foreign strip with stuff you miss the district, Lass, hey listeners. I wanted to tell you about a new podcast from her radio called the women hosted by rose red. It is, fascinating and deep dive interview show where rose, talks, to change makers and disruptors, and she finds out what really drives them. So she will ask each of them. What was your first stand? how do you navigate success and failure, and really, what's the cost of fighting for others interviews are really personal and their candid em for those are a little bit crass, but they are always really enlightening. You can listen to these your brands and take away lessons that will help you navigate your own life and for your own path. The debut season includes women like Valerie, plain, the former CIA agents, who is now running for Congress and whistleblower and pediatrician Doktor Mona Hannah, a teacher who exposed the flint water crisis and became the centre of AIDS swirling swirling amount of problems

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