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Or wherever you get your pocket welcome to stuff. You, minister, three glass, a production of heart radio hello and welcome to the pod cat, I'm tracing you VE, Wilson am highly fry. The last thing we recorded before I got to work on. Today's episode was our June fifth behind the scenes that, if you listened too bad I was clearly having a hard time figuring out. What to do. Next, When I remembered that I've had James Baldwin on my list for a while, but my inward response was like, yes, obviously James Baldwin. Of course, why didn't you even think of this before? I bet subscription by Juan Williams in a piece called Baldwin the witnesses testament which was published in the Washington Post the day after Baldwin Stephen one thousand nine hundred and eighty seven illustrates why I had that response quote

given the messy nature of racial hatred, of the half truths blasphemies and lies that make up american life Baldwin's accuracy and reproducing that world stands, the remarkable achievement is accuracy was key and his works. The reader could resonate to the sounds street corner as drawn by Baldwin, could feel the anger of black Americans so long denied a role in american life. As Baldwin wrote about that anger, black people, reading Baldwin new, he wrote the truth. White people reading Baldwin sensed his truth about the lives of black people and the sense of a racist nation, interest in James Baldwin's work has just really grown in the United States over the last several years, in conjunction with the black lives matter, movement, his one thousand nine hundred and sixty three book the fire. Next time is frequently on anti racism. Reading lists, sometimes it's with Tuna hussy coats between the world. In me, which was inspired by it or with the fire, this

I'm a new generation speaks about race, that's a book that came out in twenty sixteen. Basically James Baldwin was a brilliant essayist and one of the chroniclers of the civil rights movement and a really powerful voice against racism, and that is why we are talking about him. Today. Turning to start with his background? James Baldwin was born James, Arthur Jones in Harlem New York on August second, nineteen, twenty four, his mother, was Emma Buddhist Jones and she was a domestic worker when Jane was born. Emma was not married and she never told him who has biological father was when James was three his mother married David Baldwin, who was a factory worker and an even Jellicoe man stir and they went on to have eight children together. My family was really poor. They were living in a part of Harlem that Baldwin later called junkies. Hollow and part of James as early years also took place during the great depression David Baldwin, with strict on building, authoritarian and cruel included

telling James that he was ugly and reminding him of the circumstances of his birth and, of course that was heavily stigmatized. At the time as an adult Baldwin describes the whole household constantly working to appease his James also said David taught him to fight back he had to continually fight back with patience and a kind of ruthless determination. As I had to endure it go under and come back up to wait. James Baldwin attributed his step, fathers, treatment of him and his mother and siblings as being the product of living as a proud man and a racist society. Where he just could not make enough money to really support his family and Baldwin, also

credited his younger siblings as being a big part of what kept him off the streets and largely out of trouble in his youth, as the oldest James was always helping to look after the younger ones, and that was something he described doing with a book in one hand, because reading became one of his biggest means of escape. He liked to tell people that he read every volume in Harlem Library branches and that he had to go to the New York. Public library on forty second street, defined any books that he hadn't red. Yet he also credited religion with helping to keep him out of trouble. He had a religion. Conversion experience at the age of fourteen and became a youth minister at Fireside Pentecostal Assembly. He was a use minister for three years. And during that time he crafted his use of language and his speaking style throughout all this James had been attending New York public schools. First, it p s. Twenty four, whose principle was Gertrude airs that was the first black prince

in New York City for a mare he moved to Frederick Douglass Junior High School, where Harlem Renaissance poet, County Cullen was his french teacher and the director of the school literary club, while it Frederick, Douglass, Junior high James, was editor of the schools newspaper, the Douglas pilot, and also tried to make money to help the family by shining shoes and, Shopping bags for high school James was selected to attend Dewitt Clinton high School in the Bronx This is one of New York's, more elite schools, where they predominantly jewish student body there, again worked on the school newspaper, the magpie and he excelled in his english and history courses. Here summit painter, Buford Delaney, who became a friend and something of a mentor as he demonstrated for Baldwin, that a black man could become an artist James. Do nearly as well as other courses as he did in English in history, and its high school years were personally very turbulent and additions

the stresses of his home life, he had started to question his sexuality. He'd also started questioning the charge. Is he began? to learn about the ways that Christianity had been used as a weapon during slavery, and is he heard people within his church and his stepfather? Make anti semitic comments? The ultimately left the church one thousand nine hundred and forty one James Baldwin graduated from high school in nineteen, forty two six months after the rest of his class. The internal turmoil connected to his face and his sexuality. Contributed to a mental health crisis that derailed his studies here, hope to go to the city College of New York, but he couldn't afford the tuition. Instead, he got defence industry job in Bell Mead, New Jersey to try to help support his family financially. By this point, James a step there was struggling with his own mental health with symptoms that included depression and paranoia Baldwin's job

Belle Mead involved, building a new army quartermaster Depot, and it was Baldwin's first real experience with overt racism on the job, the? U S, army was still segregated and Baldwin continued to act. The way he had acted back in Harlem when he was around white southern service members and they course expected him to be totally differential to them and to stay out of their way. Of course, racism. Had existed in Harlem as well, but this was a whole different set of social expectations and consequences. Baldwin described this periods as learning what it meant to be a negro he refused to back down in the face of racism and harassment on the job and he was fired A friend helped him get his job back and when the harassment resumed, he again pushed back against it and was once again fired on his last night and

Mean Baldwin in some friends, were refused service at a diner because their race and Baldwin really reach to breaking point. He threw a water pitcher in that shattered the mirror behind the bar. He described this moment as read the Tory realizing that he had been angry enough to kill someone and that his own life was in danger and his words quote from the hatred I carried in my own heart, David Bowe, and Senior died on July. Twenty ninth nineteen, forty three, which was also the James, his youngest sibling, Paula Maria was born. Days later on August. First, an uprising swept through Harlem. It was sparked black soldier tried to intervene as a white police officer was trying to arrest a black woman. The officer shy the soldier and rumour spread that he had been killed. This was why a series of similar riots that took place in cities around the United States in nineteen forty three

in Harlem six. Black people were killed, as thousands of police were despatched in response to the violence, Baldwin, really like living in Harlem, had become untenable. Any move to Greenwich Village to try to make a living as a writer, while also waiting tables and doing other work just to try to make ends meet and to what money he could back to his family. We had nation ships with man and with women and at one point became engaged to a woman but ultimately broke off that engagement. He also became for with a man named Eugene, worse who encouraged Baldwin to join the young people Socialist League, although it's not entire, clear how long Baldwin was involved or exactly what, Involvement even wise in the years after World WAR Ii, he spent at least some time with various political groups that were connected to things like socialism, communism labour rights, but he didn't become exclusively focused on any of them. Or in some cases ever officially become a member. May one

bag refused that I read of him. Characterizes period is kind of bouncing around from one group to another, getting a sense of what different ideas were, but not really committing to any of them. At that point, and I deem forty four Baldwin met Richard Wright, who helped him get Harpers, Eugene, Sexton Fellowship and that fellowship provided some of the funding to help him launch a literary career. He started getting published and establish magazines, but then it maintained forty six years. Worth died by suicide met with something that traumatized than haunted Baldwin for the rest of his life. Two years later, Baldwin had become certain that he could not live in the United States anymore. It circled back to what he had realized. Last night, in Bell Mead, he had Clear minded certainty that if he didn't leave the? U S and its systematic racism and oppression, he would be killed or he would kill someone. He finally decided to go to France at the age of twenty four or get to that after a quick

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for a Norton three sixty with lifelong membership and you'll save twenty five percent or more off your first year, two norton dot com, slash history, that's Norton coms lash history for twenty five percent off, though part. These days was sharing more. So at Geico I'd like to say thanks thanks for sharing your savage dance moves thanks for sharing your d, I why haircut fails, Thanks for sharing your inner lips ink stop now Our turn to share with the Geico give back the fifteen percent credit on car and motorcycle policies for current and new customers, because committed for the level of the fifteen and credit last, your full policy to visit guy that comes less give back for more info and eligibility. James Baldwin left prepare

on November 11th, one thousand nine hundred and forty eight, using the last of the money from a fellowship to pay for a one way ticket by seat, You had almost no money, virtually no connections and nowhere to stay. The also did not speak French and his word. Quote. I had no idea what might happen to me in France, but I was very clear what would happen if I remained in New York? Baldwin face some cream his em for leaving the? U S with people, arguing that he was abandoning a country that he should have stayed. In and tried to help fix, but this first stretch of time in Paris was critically important too work and identity. As a writer, unlike many the other writers and artists who left the? U S for Paris, he didn't think of themselves. As an expatriate more is a computer. He still felt a deep connection to the United States and he made frequent trips back

These spent long stretches of time in other parts of the world, including Istanbul. Shortly after arriving in Paris, Baldwin met swiss artist, Lucien hampers Burger, who was white, bisexual and at one point to a woman when they met. Baldwin was twenty four and hampers burger with seventeen may eventually started a relationship that went on for almost forty years. Baldwin described hampers burger as the love of his life and he became godfather to hackers. Burgers children, along with other relationships and his life hampers burger, was one of the inspirations for Baldwin's novel Giovanni's room, while France Baldwin wrote everybody's protests, novel which argued that political novels like Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom's cabin and Richard Rights Native Son were reinforced stereotypes about black people and in particular, dehumanizing black men? Although It had helped Baldwin secure his first writing fellowship the tomb

and did not see eye to eye on a number of issues and they frequently criticised one another. On December nineteenth nineteen, forty nine. Odin was arrested for being in receipt of stolen property after he borrowed a bedsheet that a friend had stolen from a hotel. The whole experience led him to think identity and policing in the United States verses in France, the police in France saw him as an American, while police in New York would have seen him as an inherently criminal problem, but also became aware that most of the people who were in jail with him in Paris, where from Northern Africa and that french colonialism had its own part to play in racism in France. This first stretch of time ants: let Baldwin look back on the? U S from a distance, seeing things from angles that just were not possible for him. While he was living in it, He started coming to terms with both his own history and with his sexuality, my living in France in Switzerland. He finished his

Am I autobiographical novel go tell it on the mountain she had actually in writing in high school, as well as a plague, the amen Corner and a series of essays in nineteen. Fifty two Baldwin made a trip back to the: U S with financial from Marlon Brando, he was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in June of nineteen Fifty four and other fellowships followed at Fifty nine he was awarded Afford foundation grant to work on the novel another country when this novel included a fictional eyes depiction of his friendship with Eugene worth including worth suicide. Professor and literary Fred Stanley later road of another country quote, Baldwin has been audacious enough prior to most other artists to grapple candidly with the usually taboo subjects of american society and culture interracial. Sexual intercourse homosexuality as a normative mode of experience and bisexuality as a real phenomenon after some more back in

Travel Baldwin returned to the: U S for a longer stretch, starting in July of nineteen fifty seven alive of his written work during this time documents or reflects on the civil rights movement. A movement he was a really sure how he fit into. He had become well own and well established as a writer by this point, and while he did not want to describe himself as the movement spokesperson there were definitely people who thought of him that way as the civil rights movement through and evolved. Baldwin found himself aligned in some ways with Martin Luther King juniors approach through non violent action than in other ways with Malcolm acts. The nation of Islam and the Black Power movement, for example, ass time, went on Baldwin increasingly favoured the black. Remove met, spoke as on immediate radical change instead of non violent, incremental progress, but he really did not agree with the Black Power Movement focus on black separatism.

One hallmark of Baldwin's writing during the civil rights movement was that it was accessible to, and sometimes written specifically for a white audience. Much of this written work carried in it is it or explicit warning. The racism was now just harming black people that it was also destroying white people as well. Some of it has also been described as prophetic foresee that the movement would become more militant. If nonviolent activism did not meet its goals, an foreseeing that white division would turn away from that militancy. Baldwin's work in them

If it was not just about writing, though? He also made speeches he donated money, wrote letters, signed petitions organised during the lunch counter, citizens that we talked about on the show. Earlier this year, James Baldwin travelled to tell a happy to interview student demonstrators in nineteen sixty one. He became a sponsor for the National Committee for a safe nuclear policy and he also helped sponsor a rally to disband the house. Unamerican activities committee and nineteen sixty three took a speaking tour through the south in conjunction with the Congress of racial equality. During this tour he met started working with civil rights activist and MW, CP field secretary, major errors, Baldwin's book, the fire next time came out during this tour as well. It contains two essays My dungeon shook letter to me Have you on the one hundredth anniversary of the emancipation and down at the cross letter a region of my mind, though

essay dwells on Baldwin's experiences with religion, including both Christianity and the nation of Islam, relating them to race and racism and reflecting on his own beliefs, the fire. Next I spent more than forty weeks in the top five of the New York Times best seller list on May 17th. Nineteen sixty three during Martin Luther King Jr, is Birmingham campaign. Baldwin was on the cover of time magazine under a bit that Red Birmingham and beyond the negro push for equality. A few days before that Time Magazine Cover Baldwin had sent a telegram to Attorney General Robert F Kennedy criticising the United States, lack of response to civil rights movement, especially in the face of increasing violence and brutality against the people who are participating. That we have met Baldwin, framed this inaction and the failure of the nation to make black liberation a priority as a moral treason. The result was Kennedy met with Baldwin for breakfast on May, twenty third

asking him together, writers and activists to meet with him. The next day they met in, These apartment in New York, where Kennedy was joined by Department of Justice lawyer, Burke, Marshall, Baldwin,. It brought his brother David as well as Harry Bela Font, Lorraine, hands, bury Lena Horn and torn along with representatives from the Chicago Urban League, Harlem use, operate it unlimited the end up a p and core clearance. Benjamin Jones one of Martin Luther King Jr advisers was also there may kennedys goal for this meeting was not so much to get a sense of what black Americans needed, or what the civil rights movement skulls where or how the government might incorporate those goals. He was more focused on figuring out who, among them, might serve as a sort of a mouthpiece for the government, promoting the government's policies, the black community, to improve race relations,

also on outlining what the government had done already so far to the assembled group, while basically asking for their patience. This meeting consequently did not go now. Baldwin and the other assembled activists were trying to describe the systemic racism. They went well beyond what was encoded in law. While Kennedy was talk, about how his own family had been oppressed for being Irish Kennedy came. As deeply naive and unwilling to listen. Eventually Lorraine, hands very walked out and several others followed afterward. The F I started monitoring Baldwin, placing him on it. Already index of potentially dangerous people and a mass I file on that was more than seventeen hundred pages long This meeting bow while not immediately successful, is often credited with starting to shift Robert Kennedys perspectives, leading him to encourage his brother president, John F Kennedy to address the nation on the subject of civil rights. Kennedy gave his civil rights

address. On June, eleventh nineteen sixty three. In the early morning, hours of June twelve Metzger ever was ass an aided in his driveway in front of his children. The culprit was Byron Della back with who was found guilty of a crime. More than thirty years later, Baldwin continued his writing and work during the nineteen sixties, but the assassination of Mega every was the first of a series of events that sort of shifted his work and his outlook. Others included the sixteenth Baptist Church bombing in nineteen sixty three, as well as the assassinations of two other men that he had known and worked with Malcolm X and one thousand nine hundred and sixty five Luther King Jr in nineteen sixty eight and we're going two more on man after we first have a sponsor break off. I Michael CHAOS german city of media and host of the new podcast good company, where we'll talk some of the smartest minds in media marketing, entertainment and tech about how they built their companies from the ground up were reinvented them from the inside out. And how are you

into the same. What's really important, as we think about purpose, and we think about for Mr Van Brands, is you ve gotta go back to what are you values as a brand, listen and subscribe to good company, with Michael Cashman, on the hearth, radio out apple pie were wherever you get your bud as we noted earlier, James Baldwin never seemed really sure where he fit within the civil rights movement. How, though he participated in the nineteen sixty three March on Washington for jobs and freedom? He wasn't a big part of its public presence or its planning. There's been some specula given that this was because of his sexual orientation. But as we have noted on earlier, episodes of the show one of the major players of the march was buyer addressed in it was also gay it's more likely that Baldwin's views were becoming less and less aligned with Martin Luther King Jr, nonviolent arm of the movement as time when

on Baldwin, became increasingly radical when the black Panther Party was established in nineteen. Sixty six Baldwin supported many of its efforts, including school breakfast and lunch programmes, community health care programmes, schools and armed self defense programmes meant to protect black communities from violence, including violence at the hands of police. Baldwin's written work had always been focused on both racism and homophobia, and he had been both critically acclaimed and a best seller through this work, but in the late sixties and early so these reviewers increasingly criticized him for becoming more pessimistic, accusatory and vehemence and to directly focused on civil rights, is included. The three act play blues for Mr Charlie, which was based on the murder of tell, and it wasn't just white literary reviewers who were criticising his work, his advocacy

palestinian liberation was criticised as Anti Semitic, although he also criticized Anti Semitism within black activism members of the black arts movement criticized his work because it was intended, at least in part, for white audiences, rather than being written for other black people. The non I went arm of the civil rights Movement criticized his more radical and confrontational views, while the Black Power movement criticize to sexual orientation and his integration is stances, sexual orientation was also criticized from outside the movement. The Kennedys, nicknamed him, Martin Luther Queen Bee basically was criticised for every conceivable direction and nineteen. Seventy Baldwin returned to France, where he bought a farmhouse and the medieval village of sampled of ants. Although we still been a lot of travelling, thus became as permanent home for them,

There was life locals named it Shea Baldwin, Baldwin's, writing and political views had always been anti capitalist, anti colonial Anti imperialist, anti racist, anti homophobic pan effort. I am pro palestinian liberation and against mass incarceration. He also made connections, but black liberation in the? U S and United States foreign policy, noting that a nation that truly supported lack liberation, would be supporting black freedom fighters elsewhere in the world, an supporting people who were fighting for independence from colonial powers, although work had also been primarily focused on man, and the nineteen seventies and eighties that started to change in part through televised conversations with poets, Nicky, Giovanni and pass podcast subject: Audrey Lord both women really pushed Baldwin on issues of gender, gender roles and sex

reality, ultimately leading him to criticise the whiteness of the mainstream feminist movement, as well as its homophobia and anti lesbianism em But like buyer Rustam, James Baldwin took a leadership role within the gay rights movement as it became more public and widespread in the nineteen seventies and eighties. He also expressed some ambivalence about. Exactly how to describe himself in his own identity. In one nineteen five interview, he said quote those terms: homosexual, bisexual heterosexual, our twentieth century terms, which for me really have very little meaning I've. Never mice health in watching myself and watching other people been able to

CERN exactly where the barriers were. I read one peace as I was working on this that but noted that this has some similarities to conversations happening today about all of these ideas being socially constructed and what they mean. Yeah Baldwin continued to travel and teach and right and work until late in his life, but by the late nineteen. Eighty as he was having serious issues with his health, he had develops Hepatitis, experience liver damage back in the nineteen. Seventy is followed by two heart attacks than nineteen eighty seven. He was diagnosed with a soft geo cancer. I actually also found references that it was stomach cancer or pancreatic cancer, and I dont know which of those is correct, regardless, though, the cancer progressed really quickly. We gave his last interview to journalists Quincy troop just days before his death, James Baldwin died on December first nineteen. Eighty seven at the age of sixty three Lucy unhappy, murder was there with him as well as a household attend in his funeral, was held at the churches.

John, the Divine in Manhattan, with five thousand people in attendance, Mary. Morocco delivered the eulogy with tributes from others, including my Angelou and Tony Morrison, and the words of America's eulogy quote. This man travelled the earth like its history and its biographer. He reported criticized made beautiful, analyzed, cajoled, lira sized attacked, sang made us think made us better made us consciously human or perhaps more acidly pre human. And also in the words of Tony Morrison addressing the late Baldwin is Jimmy quote in your hands. Language was handsome again and your hands. We saw how it was meant to be neither bloodless nor bloody and yet alive it should I've. No one who knows anything about Tony Morrison that tribute to Baldwin from the funeral is beautiful and I highly encourage reading it. During his lifetime, James Baldwin wrote twenty two

six, including six novels, he was a member of the National Advisory Board of the Congress on racial equality as well. Being a member of the American Academy, an institute of arts and letters. The authors League, the international pen, the dramatist Gill, the actor studio and the National Committee for a safe nuclear policy. He also hoped that his home in France, when turned into a writers colony after his death, but it was eventually sold to developers and torn down Baldwin had been a bestseller during his career, especially during the prolific nineteen sixties, but by the end his life. He was not as widely read that started to change. As we said at the time, the show with the rise of the black lives matter, movement and many connections between the movement Baldwin's ideas and writings decades earlier in the land two years, there's also been a film adaptation of his novel. If Beale Street could talk, came on twenty twenty team,

as well as the award winning two thousand, and sixteen documentary called. I am not your negro, as I said at the top of the show. Baldwin's work is frequently part of anti racism courses, and lists, so we thought we would end with just a couple of quotes quickly from that work. One of them and of the fire. Next time quote, everything now we must assume, is in our hands We have no right to assume otherwise if we I mean the relatively conscious whites and the relatively conscious blacks, who must like lovers, insist on or create the consciousness of the others do not falter in our do. Now we may be able handful that we are to end the racial nightmare and achieve our country and change the history of the world. We do not now dare everything the fulfilment of that prophecy re created from the Bible in song by a slave is upon us. God gave no other rainbows

no more water, the fire next time. The other quo is from an interview that he gave a nineteen seventy where he said. I am optimistic about the future, but not about the future of this civilization. I am optimistic about the civilization which will replace this one and not as James Baldwin attracted to various friends. I was trying to figure out what I needed to work on next and in every case, when I said I think James Baldwin. The answer was like obviously, yes, yeah. I hope I have done his life and work justice today. Would you also like to cover some listener meal? I have asked the listener mail from jacking. It goes back to our bureau, of whom Economics Podcast Jackie, says good afternoon, Holly and Tracy. Thank you so much for the wonderful podcast. I found the podcast early on last year and was hooked immediately. I'm always excited when episode coincides with something or someplace. I've expiring

first I must school councillor for a private school in Florida. This morning, as I listen to the pond cast about the Bureau of Home economics, I realized I can finally share something with you. At my school. We still offer family consumer sciences, one in two and I've been in a fuel, a few school districts in Florida and the first school I've been out with this particular programme: family, consumer science. One is for incoming freshman and throughout the year, learn about child development, sewing cooking nutrition and meal planning. Sewing

normally coincides with fall and the students learn to so pajama bottoms. It is amusing before and after school to see the girls where their brightly coloured pajama bottoms under their school uniforms. To keep warm, I guess next year they will include, face, mask patterns, family consumers, science to is Virginia seniors and takes an approach to prepare them for going away to college. One semester is focused on health, nutrition and, of course, food. The other semester focuses on management of personal finances. These classes are two of the most popular elective that we offer and typically have await list boys and girls love this course faculty enjoys getting to sample the goodies made. Also thank you for your work on the rosewood incident and the six impossible episodes as a school counselor. Every spring. I walk students through the application of the Florida bright future scholarship, a scholarship award for students who decide to tend to higher education institutions in the state. One of the questions on the application,

is. Are you a descendant of a family member that was affected by the Rosewood incident in Florida during the nineteen twenties so many times, students ask what it is and councillors, including myself gloss over? up until your episode. I knew it was something terrible, but didn't know the details. Now when asked about it, I tell students and they get a look of disbelief at something like that happened in their state with some. It fosters great conversations about how little Florida history they now jack. He goes on to talk about being really delighted to learn that Frankie, meaning was born in Jacksonville an says. Thank you for Europe urge I listened to the pond cast on the way to and from work or wherever else am travelling. You have made the ride more pleasurable, unless lonely. Thank you so much Jackie wow, I kind of wish I had had a class specifically about like the finances What I am

had when I went to college was this book there were two of one was called where's. Mom went out now that I meet her and though there was called what where's dad now that I meet him, which I know is unnecessarily and are in a way, but that, like the mom, one talked about basic food staff and basic first aid and how to tell if you need to go to the doktor now and the dad was like, based, they called maintenance and fixing step in that kind of thing. So class probably would have been helpful anyway taking ejaculated. If you'd like to write to us about this or any other punk s, art history, podcast that I heard radio dot com. There were Oliver social media that miss than history that three or find our facebook, twitter, pennies, an empty. Graham, am you can subscribe to our show apple black ass them? I hurt radio app and anywhere else see Iraq, gas stuff. You missed in history class the production of a heart radio for more part cats

I heard radio visit by her radio app added my cans or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. This is dj lad and I want to check out the Black TB podcast since two thousand and eight by TB has been the leader in art. Getting no holds barred interviews with the world's biggest wrappers singers, the stars: professional athletes and former bigtime criminals, and now all about boldly interviews available, audio podcast listen to the Black Sea part gas on our radio F apple podcast spot or wherever you get your pocket

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