This episode is brought to you by Maloney cookies work. Sometimes that longs in yoga classes just now in the cards, so maybe a cookie is peppered farm. Olano believes you should make some time for yourself once in a while. I know I have a particular space in my sewing room that I like to just take a few minutes. Every day I sit there. I think about things, it's kind of like meditation and munching at the same time being it that yummy beautiful cookie flavour, it makes it luxurious and delightful and I always feel recharge. Mulatto cookies are truly a treat worthy of your me time, their delicate and crispy, with luxuriously rich chocolate in the middle. You really want to keep these just for you, so remember to save something for yourself with peppered farm Olano I gave my aim. Is Danny Gay I've been working as a corresponding an interview I, since I was thirteen and now

seventeen. I am so honoured to be the youngest person to have our own tat cast an eye her radio, its cause, let's be real with Sammy J in depth and unfiltered conversations with levities activists, athletes and influence will cover topics where curious about topics. My guests are passionate about an topics. Many of us are just too afraid to talk about. I get past the fluff to what real we go there and its on pretty crazy and very revealing. Listen to we really Sammy Jane on the eye up apple part, gas or wherever you your podcast Welcome to stuff you missed in history, class from Housetop works, dot, com,

hello and welcomes the pine camp and I'm still in our last podcast. We talked about May a mayor, the great and the formation of the monarchy, and we may have mangled a few hawaiian pronunciation, certainly pronounced, are further away, but how did it and and why, as a far flung island grouping in the middle of the Pacific, a state? That's what we're going to talk about today and we're gonna go back! to appoint. We mentioned in the earlier podcast actually point we mentioned in a pond some time ago on bread, fruit, and the meeting on the bounty and, let's captain Cook, arrival Hawaiian that marked the beginning of a century of western innovation islands, and we have explorers having traders adventurers all coming twice, and we also have some stuff that fundamentally changes that the life of people

island right by livestock frame, houses, protestant and catholic religion taverns written language, but it not until the middle of the nineteenth century. That you're in an american interests really start to exert a pretty, large amount of control over the islands and the white interest centres around business, and it's mostly sugar trade, stuff and these business interests gradually forced the monarchy transformed to give up power like bit by bit. It goes on for a long time, but by eighteen, forty eight king Command may have. The third allows the great May Hayleigh, which is the division of lands to take place, and this allows people to own private property. I mean this is a really great example to of fundamental life,

jazz her native Hawaiian at the time. Hawaii was still certainly its own country, but there are loads of different foreign nations exerting influence in the islands. It's not just the United States and, in fact, to view ass is pretty disenchanted with the idea of possibly annexes the islands. When can convey a mayor. The third secretly petitions, the government to make it happen and he's not with a very definitive reply from Secretary of State Daniel Webster. No power ought to take possession of the islands as a conquest or colonization, but by the eighteen seventies that starting to change a bed. And U S. Dominance in Hawaii is becoming very obvious. It's taking precedence to other countries dominance, and this is really proven by the reciprocity treaty, which allowed for free trade of sugar to the United States and in turn the right for America to establish a naval base at Pearl Harbor. So it was a very good deal.

These sugar merchants in Hawaii, because they could do all their true and not have to pay a bunch of tariffs on it, the eighteen. Seventy five treaty had been supported by her wise new King David Calico. Ah, but the businessmen didn't quite trust him because he was building up the royal Tina stretching a palace and reviving hawaiian traditions that had been forced underground, like the hula, so in ten eighty nine, the Honolulu Rifles, a group of white troops force him to ratify a new constitution, known as the bayonet constitution, which strips his powers loads, his cabinet with white businessmen and limits the voting rights of natives so now to vote We'll have to be a citizen, but you have to own property and make more than six hundred dollars a year. So this disenfranchises most, why natives? But this is the same the country when collapse, away, sister Willie,

baloney takes the throne in eighteen, ninety one and she was born eighteen thirty, eight she was the third of ten children born to a high chief and An educated, very well the royal school, which was run by american missionaries, and she was even in a christian name. Lydia marries white man, John Owen, dominant few later becomes an island governor. So just to give you some background on her she's very hello, she's very well educated and she's been thoroughly school to be a modern did I'd lady, but she doesn't ever really forgot her hawaiian background. She continues to speak the native language she likes to practise native customs. She is aware, her heritage and while she hadn't had much experience governing

She had already proven herself more loyal to her people than business interests. She'd been left in charge for a time in eighteen, eighty one when her brother went on an international journey and when an epidemic of smallpox struck the island which was ultimately traced to chinese laborers. She responded by shutting down the port businessmen completely freaked out, but she stood her ground and when she becomes queen, it's no surprise that she immediately starts looking for a way overturn the unfair bayonet constitution, but there's another really important economic development. That's going on around the same time that seals Hawaii stay in that revocation of the free and favoured entry status for the sugar exports sewing. Eighteen. Ninety, with the passing of the Mckinley Tariff sugar growers, and no longer make these huge profits they ve been used to. They dont have this completely free trade with the? U s anymore, and it causes

recession on the island. Hey then, would it perhaps be easier for them, Sir, if Hawaii were part of the United States yeah, it certainly why'd. You wouldn't have tariffs if you two were part of the United States, so they sugar growers are starting to think. Let's get Hawaii annexed in eighteen. Ninety three, the queen, is ready to introduce a constitution and fearing trouble her advisers have her hold back a few days. That trouble is brewing. The businessmen aren't please that Lily awoke Aloni is unwilling to be cowed and they're, making plans to form the committee on annexation and overthrow her and the perfect opportunity for those comes January. Sixteen and eighteen, ninety three: when for boats of U S

and with guns disembark in Honolulu, that you have all of these troops now who might support this American led uprising. So a hundred and sixty two troops marched through Honolulu Street toward the palace and the queen watches from her back me. The next day she surrenders at gunpoint and seeds, control to the islands, wealthy white sugar We're gonna form this temporary government, so we have a bloodless coup and Sandford dull, ass and dull pineapples, establishes a temporary government and petitions? The? U S to annex Hawaii with the committee on annexation. He claims the government is corrupt, another trying to advance democracy and he's supported by the? U S, minister, to Hawaii John Stevens. Next Stevens recognizes the new government and proclaims Hawaii or U S protectorate. All without the permission of the Euro.

Date, homeland bravely, I still can't get over that part but Benjamin Earth and whose president is game with all this even though it is defying any kind of structure order and he finds the treaty of annexation and send it to the Senate but way, but We have had an election by this point and before the Senate can ratify the treaty, we got a new president, Grover Cleveland, who withdraws the treaty for the purpose of re examination, so Cleveland appoints James Blount to investigate what actually happened and blot finds that Stevens had acted. Really, obviously, and there's no reason that american flag should be flying over hawaiian government buildings and also decides we need to restore the queen. What happened was wrong, so Sandford dull. However, is not owing to let go, and he says no, I'm not gonna give power back to the queen and he argues that.

It has no right to interfere with what's going on in Hawaii, so he's extremely defined the new American Minister under President Cleveland Albert as well as offers the crown back to the queen, on the condition that she pardon those who dethroned her she's now and then changes her mind. But the delay, compromises. Her position and Cleveland releases the entire issue to Congress for debate so annexation s lobby Congress against the restoration of the monarchy. They ultimately vote to censure Stevens for his disobedience, but there still pretty open to the idea that taxation and the United States will move to help the queen and anyway so on July. Fourth, eighteen any for the provisional government proclaimed away as the republic. An Sanford doll, declares himself president without a vote and we got some nerve yet here. Larry, Donovan, Pineapple and the New Republic I is immediately recognized by the U S, so we go from

limbo limber state, where their hoping that they'll become part of the United States to actually being a republic there, their own country, but it's a country ruled by business, then the queen has not lost hope. She still has faith Cleveland will restore her to the throne and she retains for title, but no power. Eventually, her supporters try to rise up for her, but when some are found on the beach with a shipment of guns, her houses searched and more weapons are found in her garden she's held captive in the palace for months and eventually give up her title on January, twenty fourth, eighteen. Ninety five, with the promise that her arrested supporters wouldn't be killed Mostar anyway, and data funds are very, very much against the take over dont think otherwise. I ran into accounts about. Think I learned about this really in U S history, but I ran into some accounts saying that its

Dover often times and that its taught like Hawaiians. Really. Why to become terribly lonely, who I am. There was not the case. So Their staging rallies, informing men's and women's groups against annexation, their princess and the heir to the throne actually goes to New York in DC she's, fresh nine years of boarding school in England, so she's very charming and eloquent, and she wins a lot of hearts and mine. She speaks to. The newspaper man and gives them idea that the Hawaiians nothing like what they ve been led to believe. She even needs with the president, but it's not enough to really make things happen. The republican party platform and the election of eighteen. Ninety sex is very pro. Annexation.

Oh, when their candidate Mckinley as an algorithm in March eighteen, ninety southern. It's really no surprise that he restart the process. He and three representatives from the Republic of Hawaii signed a treaty of an accession and submitted the sun, it so the men's and women's groups, and whom I swing into action. They order in Mass petition and between September and October eighteen. Ninety seven collect twenty one thousand two hundred sixty nine signatures and thus of thirty nine thousand native Hawaiians, and they also send for delegates to diesel with a petition and the queen is already there lobbying and preparing a strategy in the jail Asian meets with the chairman of the Senate Committee on foreign relations on December knife and the senator reads the text of the petition to the Senate. Its formally accepted Oh god, you are a clear, regular. Its work really got work here in the next day. The delegates need, with the Secretary of State and formally protest annexation and from there

Go crazy lobbying all sorts of senators trying to oppose this as furiously as they can and by the time they leave unfair you're, a twenty seventh eighteen. Ninety eight, only forty six senators are willing to vote for enacting Hawaii, so they really made a huge difference, because that is not enough for a two thirds majority, so the treaty is defeated, but February fifteenth, eighteen, ninety, eight, the! U S, s main blows up. Any Havana harbour the spanish American WAR start some of which takes place in the Philippines, and now we need amid Pacific Feeling Station and naval base. So pro annexation groups decide to resubmit the proposal playing up the fears of war and the possibility that the Japanese.

We'll. Do it first this time it's a joint resolution which requires a simple majority instead of that two thirds majority and the new ones resolution passes and assign into law by Mckinley in eighteen. Ninety eight Hawaii is now part of the United States and Cleveland Lee later road of this, I am ashamed of the whole affair. So this was not so that everyone in the United States was celebrating and in Hawaii. Obviously, everyone who supported Royal family is indeed morning the queen in her air focus on trying to secure voting rights for the people now that they are part of the United States and the queen also right songs for the rest of her life, something that she did before as well, but she was really good at blending net hawaiian and western styles together in her most famous song, is a low highway and she's also responsible for writing one of Hawaii national anthem.

So the queen lived a long time. We bid goodbye to her November, eleventh nineteen seventeen at the age of seventy nine, but she didn't live long enough to see statehood for Hawaii, which didn't come until nineteen fifty nine and that, of course, gay people living in Hawaii it's as american citizens, and we have one more little note on this in the nineteen. Eighty is a sovereignty. Movement started in Hawaii and some people wanted a restoration of the monarchy. Others wanted some sort of reparation. Some people wanted Hawaii to become its own nation. And others wanted Hawaii to have the native people at least receive the same sort of recognition that native Americans receive Queen Lily. While colonies story. Obviously inspired this movement that it also won our respect and admiration

Another is the story of the last queen of Hawaii, which brings us to our center mail. So our first female from since then- and I left- is the subject of her email, breadfruit yummy. Writing in regard to our at the third on bread, fruit and the mutiny on the bounty, and she wrote to tell us she's originally from America and Breadfruit with something that her mother I'd make all the time, and she gave us a little breadfruit recipe tat. She said her mother would cut off the skin roasted on a grill ever an open flame and rapid and fail to keep the moisture and then the lying day. She would cut it up into wedges lightly salted and then fry it, and she said that was normally served. His breakfast with fish shore,

white Yanza Bananas, Johnny Cake and sometimes a big slice of pair, which is what we call a cottage in Jamaica which, as the thought with great so thanks for sending us your recipes and we have another recipe from lies, who said I'm afraid is away from finishing my peace corps service in Guiana, South America, and we have breadfruit here return. I see them in the market. I smiled myself thinking about all the trouble they caused getting to the Caribbean. You asked for breadfruit recipes and- So when I found in the peace corps Guiana, cookbook it's for bread, fruit, puffs and its one breadfruit, two tablespoonfuls of butter to shallots chopped one egg bread crumbs And oil for frying- and you boil and mash the bread fruit while hot, add butter, shallots and onions mix

the eggs and beat well role the mixture into balls and toss in your bread, crumbs and fry it in hot oil. So if anyone gets this a try, please let us know, and we would like a picture found a recipe are actually a collection of recipes on Smithsonian for all sorts of bread, fruit. They didn't even think to check food network, we may have opposed that went on her. Twitter is something we also had a correction. I think, sir, has got that one. We did I'm not even sure what we said: a regionally were guessing, probably the ski Otis river, something wrong. He has something wrong. We want. We want real, live wrong, then that the correct pronunciation is say Oda or maybe even fail to do so, and that was I to comes a Pat Cox

If you have any correction is to send us or a delicious historical recipe, you aren't you mail is history had cast at Helstone works dot com, you can also followers on twitter interest in history or joint Facebook fan pay introverted, you updated on them, are working on and always, please feel free to check out our homepage at W W W that how stuff works dot com. For more on this and thousands of other topics stuff works, dot com and be sure to check out the step. He missed in history class, blogged, honest approach that count. Available now from my heart, a new series presented by T Mobile for business, the restless ones join me Jonathan Strickland, as I explore the

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Were you listen to broadcasts? We are going to ITALY after the success of last year's trips of Paris, we are planning another similar trip still with defined destinations this time to Rome and Florence, yet we are going to spend a week exploring some amazing things were going to have city tours of both roman Florence. We're gonna, see the Roman Colosseum, the Vatican Museum in the Sistine Chapel, Sate, Peters, Basilica, Vatican City. This is just a tiny fraction of all the stuff we're gonna get to do get its May fourteen to twenty first, twenty twenty and to get more information, go to define, destinations, dot, com and scroll down to the roman foreign strip, with stuffy Missin history class