At target. Each item you put in your cart brings more good to life like a brand that opens more eyes to black business. Laundry detergent puts a lighter load on the planet. Wheelchair friendly, Halloween costumes that make the lead in motion and makeup It celebrates beauty in every shade peers If you want a gentle, where version you can try their baking soda free, sensitive skin deodorants I am absolutely in love with the rose and black pepper, sent an it certified. Twenty years six superbowl championships, women patron to Tom Brady and bill. Belichick are the greatest, harm to learn more or find it ever retailer near you. This is the secret service had cast. I remember the good old times when I was a college student and then twenty twenty had high, I'm Hannah Ashton and I'm Katy Tracy we're here to fill in everything they missed and our college. Just like you for confronting the unknown, and if we mean honest, we need all the advice he can get listened to the secret service on the heart. Radio. apple pie, cats or wherever you get your pod cas, see after class welcome to stuff, you missed in history class from house of works, dot com,

eleven working to the paragraph, unfair Italian undergoing a Turk already, and we talk about while tee a lot on the israeli one of my favorite subjects to cover and consequently because we talk about it so often from Sub John or as have developed welcome to stuff you missed in history class from Housetop works, dot com Dmitri. Another self proclaimed monarch, flake, Emperor Norton and the king of Beaver Island, James Strang, high or just start royal childhood like Queen Victoria, Queen Elizabeth. There seem to be a lot at all, and I almost every other royalty of thought is a federal childhood, but one of my favorite of these royal sub gene or as though is the puppet ruler. You know somebody who is important or may be really charismatic or just well connected, maybe just well born in kind of weak and easy to control, who is ultimately propped up by

Dmitri, another self proclaimed monarch, flake, Emperor Norton and the king of Beaver Island, James Strang, high or just add royal childhood. Like Queen Victoria, Queen Elizabeth, there seem to be a lot at all, and I almost every other royalty of thought is a federal childhood. But one of my favorite of these royal sub genres, though, is the puppet ruler. You know somebody who is important or may be really charismatic or just well connected, maybe just well born in kind of weak and easy to control, who is ultimately propped up by more powerful outside force, who's. Really really thing and we're going to talk about a famous puppet ruler. Today, Ferdinand Maximilian Archduke of Austria by birth per of Mexico by in and he'll, really surprise. You he's naive elaborately misled in that respect, and will look at that a little bit more later. He takes us operate of Mexico want him, an austrian prince to rule them, though he

deliberately misled in that respect and will look at that. A little bit more later, he takes us operate. the apple of a puppet ruler when it all comes down to it, but were often talk about the antithesis of royalty today, Mexico's NASH yeah. I think he really will surprise you guys, as a the not so good example, of a puppet ruler when it all comes down to it. But we're also going to talk about the antithesis of royalty today. Mexico's national hero Benito Juarez. Who was a self made man who rose to the presidency? his own education and successfully defended his country from an allied european invasion in know pretty serious stuff, but that these when you think about it, but that they had remarkably similar plans for what they wanted to do with Mexico plans for the people of Mexico is just a downright strange, so we're gonna talk about both of them work, together in Mexico, is just pretty bizarre when you think about it, but that they had remarkably similar plans for what they wanted to do with Mexico plans for the people of Mexico is just a downright strange, so we're gonna talk about both of them. Work

talk about many many countries and many rulers in this episode. It really has something for everyone. It does first we're to start out with Maximilian and million Joseph was born in Vienna July Sixth, eighteen thirty two and his full title was Prince Imperial and art Duke of Austria, Prince Royal, grey and Bohemia, that sounds pretty fancy a lot of power, but those were really just his young Son titles MAX Millions brother, you see was the future emperor. Franz Josef Austria, Hungary, so

the younger Maximilian, who was intelligent, needed some sort of occupation in life, and so those were the titles that he got at twenty two. He became rear admiral of the austrian Navy and worked to modernize it and at twenty five he took up the position of governor general of the Lombardo Venetian Kingdom, which was under austrian control at the time and he got married. He married the beautiful and charming seventeen year old, Princess Charlotte of Belgium, who was the daughter of kingly appalled firstly mentioned him in our victorian Albert Absurd he's what kind of Victoria's male mentor, her uncle but maximum might have been really. even on modernization when it came to his job in it His brother considered his policies there just too liberal and ended up moving him from power. So when Mexilane lost the job, he decided to take a little time off, go on a trip and he journey

the way to Brazil, which really kicked off a new world, fascination kind of an obsession even with Maximilian, so Of the new world, at the same time, Maximilian was governing and ITALY in travelling to Brazil, Mexico, was in the middle of a civil war Lara Forma, a liberal met with the goal of curbing the power of the aristocracy and the church, the movement. Eventual leader was a man named Benito Horrors, as appetite Indian, who had been born in eighteen, o six, he didn't see like a likely candidate for the eventual president of Mexico. He was orphaned at the age. three, and he didn't even speak Spanish until he left his home town and studied and while Hocker he was smart. Though, and well first, Talents made him a likely candidate for the priesthood. He was soon studying law. His first public office was on the municipal Council and he became a member, The state and national legislatures judge, and eventually governor of Walker, making him a notable public figure and state, but he got into,

by being so notable because when the conservative Party of Mexico returned to power in the elections of eighteen, fifty three eras was exiled in to the United States than he the New Orleans in really almost semi poverty. Athena describe for two years before his party took that control and he was appointed minister. ice and public instruction for the new administration and the new reform government started. make some really really big changes in Mexico, and these changes were, of course, the poor are as a minister and just to give you a sense of what was going on the government abolish the special courts, the clergy in the military it broke up, landed estates in this attempt to sort of create a middle class from scratch in Mexico and it forced the church to sell its property, though don't think of it quite like Henry the eighth style, because they didn't actually start confiscating

property, and then it also increase the educational opportunities available to the poorest, something that, whereas Especial is really interested in and you can understand why, from his background and, most importantly, the government created a new constitution in eighteen, fifty seven. So basically, there are in the process of trade forming Mexico into a modern nation state, but in eighteen fifty eight, the conservatives revolted and whereas was forced to withdraw from Crews, where he created his government, exile in that began a three year long war of the reform, which started before our could finally return to power in eighteen, sixty one where he was voted president he inherits along, Problems, though, after three years of war, Mexico is deep and debt

so on July, seventeenth, eighteen, sixty one president horrors supports a movement passed by the Mexican Congress and Suspense payment of all foreign debts for two years, for this is not okay with the european countries, who are good money from Mexico What are they gonna do about it well, son, can conservatives we're living in exile abroad and one of them Jose man. Well, he Doll Go Ii, as now resolve suggest to Empress Eugenie. The spanish wife of the french Emperor Napoleon the third that perhaps war as could be then from power by a new European backed Monarchy topic, a bold plan. Doesn't it is it's one also that would be a win win from exiting conservatives and France sense for one thing quite would be gone. Also, France would get her money back and both get control of the new monarch, so they both have them

they can get out of it and as a further incentive, though for Napoleon the third installing own roller. His own puppet ruler in Mexico would potentially prevent the country falling under Eu S, control, which is something that France is very uncomfortable with- fell on October, thirty, first, eighteen, sixty one and Britain and Spain, three of the big countries that had money due to them, agreed to stage a joint attack on Mexico to recoup their debts. There's another, I fear, though, that is really more notable for being out of the game than in it, and I just think this is so interesting, but since the eighty, The US had tried to prevent european influence in the Americas with the Monroe doctrine. Just for folks who don't know basically a policy that viewed any european effort, to colonise the Americas, as a sign of aggression to the United States fell.

Emily Napoleon. The third wouldn't have one and to test the Monroe Doctrine and, by extension, test the United States, but since the amiss Can civil war had really just start Napoleon figured correctly. That the U S head bigger problems to deal with a french invasion of Mexico still Poland. The third knew better than to attempt to install someone related to him. Instead, he offers the crown to the available eligible Hapsburg prince Maximilian. So it gives Maximilian something to think about here, something conside Then, on January eighth, eighteen sixty two more than ten thousand allied troops arrive and vera crews. Though the british and spanish, pull out of the scheme. You can imagine that they would be very keen on the idea of a French controlled ruler being installed in Mexico. Whereas isn't happy about it either he makes his opposition to this european scheme quite clear. He declares that any form

who makes an armed invasion without the declaration of war will be put to death. As will end, ex again who assist a foreign invasion. That's an important law or proclamation to remember actually for the absolutely essential in the back here, keep it in mind. There are some really difficult early battles for the French, though, with this invasion on May five th. Eighteen, sixty two, the French are trounced at Puebla, which is the victory still marked. by Think de Mayo. Next time you go out for Cinco Tamira you you can all your that you know it is not mexican independence day. You know the story behind us. We will mean when they're like that's, not what thinking has it down and now abandoned stay now. You know you're drinking Marguerite S for victory at Puebla, so reports of that defeat, they'll get back to Paris and really kick off mass disapproval of Napoleon the third project and mean that they were going to war over these debts and trying to install a king. Another big defeat happens April thirtieth, eighteen, sixty three

at the battle of Cameroon, where only three of Captain John does youth legionnaires survive and dont use. wooden hand. This is just like a weird kind of freaky side. Note, don't she's own wooden hand is recovered from the scene of the idle and turned into the symbol of the in Legion, because the french soldiers had fought sober even though they were really overwhelmed. It's late Maybe things aren't gonna work out for the French, but by May thirty, first eighteen, sixty three they do you get. There hand and whereas, Army have to flee to the city of San Luis Potosi, which is in the north of Mexico and The glee just continue a series of her treats all the way to a path of dumb nor tat, which is later renamed the few dad, whereas he and his followers cauldron the Balkans or who are eastern, continue to fight, but then back at the cap,

a new conservative government is established and a formal invite goes out to Maximilian. He accepts under two conditions. One is that the French will protect him and the other is that he has the approval of the majority of the mexican people, so poor a million he's misled in both of these respects? Really, only a small percentage of the royalists want, the austrian prince to rule and Poland is already beginning to regret his decision just a few months. After bring the crown, but before Maximilian actually moved Napoleon rights to a friend quote. I realize that have gotten myself into a tight corner, but the affair has to be liquidated, that's concerning for sure, but still Maximilian is really upbeat. his new role he and Charlotte who changes her name too, a lotta, arrive,

go. May twenty seventh eighteen sixty four and he's there fully believing that he does have the support of the mexican people, not just as a group of royalist, but both of them take their new job pretty seriously too to learn. Spanish began, studying mexican history and art and culture and is reported to have developed a pretty deep love and respect for it too, Well, Maximilian surprise, surprise started by upholding most of war as reforms He again doesn't seem like he's acting like a puppet ruler at all. He sees himself as a protector of Mexico's indigenous people and and unfortunately for Maximilian, that line of thinking his real sense of responsibility towards Mexico in his desire to do the right thing for his people, didn't he. Out much at all. He made no friends with his policy here. The can

rates were disappointed that they had basically importer for foreign Juarez and the church was gray, that he refused to restore their lands and instead upheld, whereas as reforms and though, Maximilian policies were markedly similar to those of, whereas the liberals hated him for having toppled their legitimate government plane is just random austrian dude right so to add This MAX Millian basically had to personally finance his own government. France took all customs revenue to pay back that pre war that so everything from Maximilian own inheritance, which really make the theme that France for thinking into this in good faith. Have him I now Napoleon had in applying the third had multiple motives, but if his primary motive, was to get the money back at the expense of the government he had set up. You have to wonder, but his intentions really were and meanwhile it's not like the fightings over either Maximilian has to get further help from his brother in Austria

Father in law in Belgium and the US, even though the civil war is ongoing, is still a factor can didn't openly complain about the violation of the Monroe Doctrine, because there was too much fear on his part of creating an alliance between the French and the Confederates, and meanwhile Maximilian refused the services of confederate troops who moved into Mexico for fear, he'd, anger, get to the point of war. Lincoln support, however, was ready with Juarez the two wrote each other and the? U S, provided him with some assistance, even during the civil war after the any more than fifty thousand. U S. Soldiers approached the border and transferred arms and weapons to the worries does June. Twenty, ninth eighteen sixty five, even the idealistic Maximilian, could see the writing on the wall. He could see what was about to happen here. He wrote quote. It must be said openly that our milk situation is very bad. The american civil

has ended and threat of war with the United States looms so Napoleon the third seize the writing on the wall to thou on January fifteenth, eighteen, sixty six, he informs Maximilian, he's going to withdraw french troops from Mexico He doesn't even wait for a reply before he publicly announces that intention, so and Carlotta figures out. What's going on and realizes that that France is pulling out heads of to Europe to try to rally support around her husband. She begs Napoleon the third Eureka that our she asks Papayas the night to help and when it becomes clear that no one can really do anything for Maximilian. She has a mental breakdown and she suffers from the effects of that for the rest of her life. so Maximilian. Meanwhile, he still believes that he has the support of the Mexicans and he won't abdicate, since he feels he'll be abandoning them if he does so so. His backers make him

cream commander of the Imperial Army and on February fest. Eighteen, sixty seven, he leaves Mexico City for territorial where He met by his general MIRA, Mon and Mahia. They wait as is advancing army their territory. falls, may fifteenth eighteen, sixty, seven and Maximilian is arrested. His living conditions are harsh. There's no caught a narrow. These ironic reading choices, lake, the history of king, Charles, the first of England, I'd have to say it would be depressing to read about a king who had lost his throne and his head, while you were in prison, indeed, and then on June. Thirteenth Maximilian and his generals go to trial where there are charged under the old, whereas degree of eighteen sixty two that one that we mention to you guys earlier and ask you to remember and that's coming into play now, and so there

marshalled and condemned to death and undue nineteenth are executed by firing squad outside of territorial Miriam on and my here are shot in. The back of traders and Maximilian is shot head on Maximilian goes down pretty memorably his suppose they last words are Visa Mexico, a visa Independencia. So what is this decision to. cute. Maximilian is really pretty unpopular abroad. Men, like Victor Hugo and Joseph Garibaldi, who is another former podcast, subject, even petitioned, whereas to spare the Archduke life, but but his whereas wanted to set an example for would be invaders coming into his country and because so many Mexicans had died in the war, whereas decided not to spare Maximilian, obviously, by July, The news of the death had gone back to Paris right

Napoleon. The third was about to open the prize, giving ceremony of the Paris Worlds, fair, a really bad timing for him and, as detailed accounts coming out some people's anger at Napoli third is really Rico you know, why did he get into this in the first place, and especially because Maximilian is a pretty sympathetic figure, one of the people who is disturbed at France's involvement, this whole thing is Edward Mene, who decides to go against his own dislike of painting what he hadn't seen. You know he believes artists should paint from life. He decides to go against that principle and recreate the execution of Maximilian cause. Of course, he had not been there himself, but he don't go about a lake. The heroic historic picture, kind of style he's is really held news reports and they're. All of these

you can look them up actually on Moma's website because they had an exhibit of some of mayonnaise paintings. Of this, you can check out these little cut, as postcards people are really into making of the time taking pictures of just soldiers in this. the wall where Maximilian was executed and then pasting on heads like pacing, on maximum Israel had army he Israel had, and so and I had all of this kind of stuff to look at and he did a series of paintings that, due to their real subject matter: we're never exhibited in Paris during his lifetime, but we want to give you sort of enclosure on our other subjects we've covered in this podcast two especially Juarez, because his later history really surprised me, I knew him as a mexican now hero- and I figured since he was an older man at this time. He problem

He had some sort of a heroic end of life, but even though he was real, active president of Mexico. Political mistakes late in his career made him really extreme and popular at his death. He died in eighteen. Seventy two and didn't become the celebrated Herodias today until the twentieth century, when it became clear that his reforms had helped to modernize the country Carlotta or Charlotte lived until nineteen twenty seven, and she for really recovered from her paranoia and mental illness, she spent the rest of her life and castles in Belgium and ITALY and Maximilian older brother Franz Joseph reigned as emperor until nineteen. Sixteen, so that wraps it up. I thought this was such an interesting subject to learn about, especially considering that it's going on parallel to the American a war in the fact that the U S is at war as such, sure staying on such an important

part of it all kind of whites able to start in the first place, and it is an influence in why finish as its kind an early example of some major global. Politics going going on. It's actually a really complicated story. It is, but it's got these curious, matic figure than above that make it kind of fun to talk about? And consequently because it is a good story? It's been suggested a lot, so we wanted bank listeners, Gabriela and Jan and MIKE and poorly other people who have the justice maximilian or whereas before, and I think that's pretty good subway to some less than their male. We have three gorgeous postcards here from Listener Abbe from Texas, and she recently took a trip to visit her in laws in Moscow, so she sent us a postcard the Kremlin a postcard of the SAR Bow and a postcard of the

DVD convent. I hope I said that correctly about the last one. He said this is the convent where ZAR inconvenient women like mothers, sisters cast off wives. If you pay across under the river into the convent. All your sins are absolved critical yeah, and they really are beautiful. Postcards. Yes, thank you so much for sending those Abby. If any of you would like to send us, maybe not something so physical, but an email suggesting a topic like the one we talked about today or just any old topic. You want to hear about. Please email us at history, podcast at house, ofork com or you can look us up on Facebook book or on Twitter? It must in history, and if you want to learn a little bit more about next traditions or about royalty, we do have articles on both of those on a website. You can search for them on our homepage, W W W dot house upwards dot com. be sure check out our new video podcast stuff from the future joint how

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