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You missed in his report, has works, not allow welcomes upon. I am Tracy bewilderment and I'm Holly fry the one hundredth anniversary of Ireland. Nineteen sixteen Easter rising is really just around the corner, so consequently we have been getting periodic request to talk about it, but about the last year today this is concerned. To be one of the most pivotal moments in modern irish history, and it was the precursor to a number of events that have happened since then, both within and outside of Ireland, but at the same time it's that event. That was, and continues to be, really full of

predictions. There were a lot of different organizations that were involved in planning the east arising and carrying it out, and each group had its own perspectives and goals, and the people within each group did too and a lot of times these contradicted each other. Although what happened is prey well established. There are still significant disagreement about what it meant and whether it was justified and depending on who is doing the talking it either a much needed anti colonial revolt that directly led to Ireland's independence or it will and asked for violet overthrow of a democratically elected government. So wildly diverging respective views on what it about, even though it has and a century ago, though, you might think things were more settled about understanding it today,

a lot of papers related to it were only released by Ireland's Bureau of Military history in two thousand and three after the last of the survivors had died. The irish government, actually is I wish the Bureau of Military history and nineteen forty seven to document the perspectives of the people. You had been involved involved in revolutionary activities between nineteen, thirteen and nineteen twenty one. This is the biggest collection of written accounts from the republican point of view that exists, and so basically DEC. Aids passed between when the events happened and when a lot of these documentation or a lot of these individual testimonies down and then once they were released a historians to review, which only happen comparatively recently. Although people use memories are documented, there had passed away.

All this together means that today's by gas cannot possibly touch on every motivation and every interpretation for the Easter, rising or even everything that happened during Easter week. Nineteen. Sixteen that also means that the written history of that used to rising and people's perspectives on its significance and its impact will definitely continue to evolve long after that I'd castors over so today is really an overview of the basics and some other ways that people interpret the east arising today comes Ex between England in Ireland, about how Ireland should be ruled by whom go back for centuries talked about on the show before the Normans invaded what is now England in the battle of Hastings, intend sixty six and then about a hundred years later, Anglo Norman's went on to invade Ireland with Henry the second arriving

here in eleven seventy one in fifteen forty one Henry the ace was declared king of Ireland. The irish parliament was formerly abolished in eighteen, o one when the nation became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland under the ACT of union. At that point, Ireland's Mps and peers became part of the UK parliament, rather than Ireland having a parliament of its own. So throughout all of these centuries a wide range of laws and policies are put into place. The restricted the irish population in various ways, particularly related to religious freedoms most, but not all people in Ireland were and continue to be, Catholic, just as examples in the early seventeenth century, King James, the first sent protestant farmers to Ireland specifically to take over farmland that was owned by Catholics that forbade Catholics from boating, owning land are practising their religion were passed the night in sixteen ninety two when a potato blight.

Rock Ireland in eighteen, forty five, which we ve talked about in a previous to partner on the show. The british government's response was basically to do nothing which led to about a million deaths and a massive wave. Emigration from Ireland to other nations. Leading the United States, so rising. We there has also been resistance to English rule of Ireland during those same centuries through both violent and non violent means that often these complex have had multiple sides, with some of the irish population. Supporting the idea of self governance independence and other supporting the idea of remaining as part of the United Kingdom, and these conflicts have had both political religious routes, which have often been deeply interconnected throughout the history of english present Ireland, more moderate, griefs and political parties of basically tried to work within the system through things like petitions Dennis demonstrations and getting nationalist representatives elected parliament,

At the same time, more radical groups have when numerous armed uprisings and whether they were violent or nonviolent. All of these moves movements and uprisings rebellions have all their own leaders and their own ideologies and our own tipping point, but a very basic level. All about Ireland, resisting british rule or british laws and practices that irish people found to be unjust or discriminatory in the eighteen seventies Isaac, but establish the home government Association which call for home rule Basically Ireland remaining part of the United Kingdom, while also governing itself through its own parliament, which would convene in Ireland rather than England, drew the late eighteen hundreds and into the early nineteen hundreds, multiple home rule bills were introduced in parliament, but they, definitely failed ban. Finally, after two years of debate, the government of Ireland ACT of nineteen fourteen was given royal assent on September eighteenth of that year. This act was intended to establish

home rule in Ireland, but same day the suspense react of nineteen. Forty was also passed which effectively delayed government of Ireland, that, along with the wealth church, active nineteen fourteen which were not really talking about today from going into effect or a year. This was because of world where one which was going on at the time, this situation made a lot of people with widely diverging ideologies, extremely angry government of Ireland ACT itself infuriated the most radical unionists. That is the people who wanted Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom, because it would allow for a separate parliament for Ireland, many- but not all of these were Protestants living in the northern part of Ireland, it simultaneously infuriated the most radical Republicans. That is the people who wanted Ireland to be completely independent from the United Kingdom, because under the ACT, Ireland would continue to be part of the UK,

with other organisations that had been formed or and against the idea of home rule. While this act was being debated, militias had formed as well. There was the Ulster volunteer, as these are on the unionist side, mostly in the northern part of Ireland, and then there were the irish volunteers on the national aside. They were basically the irish volunteers were formed kind of in response to the existence of the Ulster volunteers there There was the Irish Citizen Army, which was originally form to protect protesters from police during a labour disputes which had evolved into a nationalist organization as well. People whose He needs were more moderate were generally in favour of home rule. It was a sort of compromise between being independent and remaining part of the UK. A lot of them agreed that the middle of a war wasn't the right time to go about separating Ireland's government from the UK. Parliament, but the EU,

delay brought about by the Dispensary ACT did leads of supporters of home rule to fear that by the time that year was up or the war was over something would happen to the real it entirely. I should also point out there are pretty moderate protestant living in them, mostly in the northern part of Ireland. He were if they were homer, because they were afraid that, if homeward and said that their needs would be our way by the majority catholic vote and that that wasn't as much of a threat as with everyone being part of the UK parliament, rather than having a separate parliament for Ireland, the people who planned and executed the east arising where against home rule. They were all Republicans you wanted Ireland to be completely independent from the United Kingdom, will talk about, do they were and what they plan to do. After a brief word, here's the thing

saving money with Geico was almost better than playing pick up basketball, because there's always that guy. Joint your game ever passes the rock he constantly Rex theories and who completely happy when put his hands up and say no foul, no foul with Geico. It's easy to switch save on car insurance no need, make ankle sprain because you're absolutely exhausted. So which in save with Geiger it's almost better than sports, giving back a huge number of people and organisations were involved in the nineteen succeed. Easter, rising the irish volunteers Irish Citizen Army, as mentioned before the break, were both involved, as was the Irish Republican Brotherhood, which went by our bee, who we discussed in our podcast on top of common. The man was a women's militia formed in response to the fact that the irish volunteers were all male. A national

Youth organization called the Erin was involved as well, along with many other smaller organisations in terms of the participants, the largest number of actual people from the irish volunteer as an irish citizen Army, but in terms of leadership, the people who are in the most powerful positions who did the most strategic plan. We're from the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Here also known as the females. This has since then evolved into a slur often used against irish people. A lot of the first pieces of the planning and organization started with irish members from Us Clark and Charlotte your Meda. Essentially with the start of world war, one Thomas Clark and other militant nationalists in the eye or be sought opportunity within just a couple of weeks of and entry into the war on August fifth of nineteen fourteen, the ivy decided to pursue the idea of an open rebellion before the end of the war. The government was

based on the war and not on Ireland Class. That war have led to us is within the irish volunteers, with many of them. Volunteering to fight following the occur encouragement of Irish Revolutionary Party leader John Redman, the ones who were left where private the organizations most radical members who were against both irish involvement in the war and home rule. Consequently, the IRA be was able to play some of its most radical members into leadership roles within the irish volunteers, soon Patrick Pierce, whose name is often angle size to Patrick Joseph Blanket Ayman, can't and Thomas Mcdonough had all placed into positions that were directing the organizations, military training and communications functions while playing the rising. They turn to Germany for support with Roger Casement subject of a previous podcast that previous

Sir in Dublin. I worked on trying to secure weapons, ammunition officers and an army of volunteers recruited from Irish P, o double use being held in Germany. Neither of these efforts was successful. Few of the period of ease wanted to volunteer and the largest weapon shipment was intercepted on its way to Ireland. Look outside now it's here he's but ultimately realised that the rising was not likely to succeed and he tried to return to Ireland to discourage it, but he arrive too late and he was captured and charged with treason. There's a lot more detail about that in this episode from Archive which will link to and are shown it also Many basically, where about providing weapons to both the irish volunteers and the Ulster volunteers. Basically opposite: sides of the home rule verses, not home, rule disagreement in part because

Germany was really hoping to turn world where one into a two front war, with Britain being distracted by fighting in Ireland and unable to focus on what was happening on the continent by me. In fifteen the ivy had established a military council specifically for planning a rebellion. They conducted their planning in total secrecy. They had to avoid being caught by irish authorities as well as by the more moderate members of all the organisations. They were ultimately involved in the rising, This was difficult, since one of the things they needed to do was to prepare the irish volunteers on the Irish Citizens Army to fight in the rebellion without tipping their hands, that they were planning one event they settled on Easter Sunday, nineteen sixteen and planned a nation wide uprising. The date was too was chosen. Deliberately virus volunteers had conducted some pretty large exercises. Aren't Saint Patrick stay that year as well as

You start the year before, so they were hoping that this precedent would make. It seem like this mobilization was just a recognition of the day and not something more violent. How for about a week before Easter, Bovary Hobson, who was the ire bees, quartermaster General and Owen Macneil Chief of staff of the irish volunteers, heard about the uprising that was being planned and they confronted Patrick Pierce about it, Macneil published in order in the Irish Sunday, independent on Easter Sunday commanding that the rising not go forward. Another hiccup was it. The weapon shipment promised from Germany had not arrived on good Friday. As expected, that was the one that had been the habit

set it on the way. Finally, the decision was made to go ahead with the rising in spite of these obstacles, but it was moved to Easter Monday and the focus was primarily Dublin. There were some other smaller things outside of Dublin, but Dublin became the primary focus on Monday April, twenty fourth members of the irish volunteers, led by Patrick Pierce and Irish Citizen Army, led by James Connally, along with members of of current Oman, met at clearing places at about eleven in the morning just afternoon they took multiple locations around Dublin, including the General Post office. Anne Boleyn smells as well as laying seeds to Dublin Castle. The rebels established a headquarters at the General Post Office and the criminal mind set up a field hospital there as well.

The depot was also the location of the provisional government from the steps of the GPA Pierce read the proclamation of an Irish republic which he had drafted and which was signed by seven men, Ayman Tents, Thomas James Clark, James Connally, Sean Mcdermott, Thomas Mcdonough, Patrick Pierce. Joseph Mary blanket it began, Irishman and irish women. In the name of God, the dead generations from which she receives her old traditions of Nationhood Ireland through us, some answer: children's our flag and strikes for her freedom, it goes on to declare Ireland a sovereign nation and quote guarantees religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens and declares its resolve to pursue the happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts cherishing all of the children of the nation. Equally and oblivious of the differences carefully fostered by an alien government which have divided a minority from the mature.

In the past. It ends by establishing a provisional government and placing the Irish Republic under the protection of the most high God, we're gonna talk about how the rising played out and what happened in its aftermath at first reading, a pause once again for a word from one of our fantastic sponsored from the creator of the control group, a new scripted podcast, the seventh daughter, they say the seventh daughter can. Name's conjure voices from the grave cause, feelings to rise and rolling, then I'll. Do all that. It is the family trade. The seventh daughter, ought in episode available February. Third, is this really something he should be involving pandora? There's something you're not telling me what

there is a man very powerful and doing his name is called the black eyes widened parks, and suddenly you have no right to put her endanger the seventh daughter, listen on the Iheart radio, Apple pie, gas or wherever you get your by gas, there are worse than brutalities in the first few hours of the Easter rising, but the uprising had caught the British, mostly by surprise that however, once Britain actually had time to react to what was going on. Britain declared martial law and because republican forces hadn't been able to take control of the railway stations are the docks british troops were able to make their way to Dublin, really

easily british troops who are already in Ireland were in Dublin by Monday afternoon, and more troops arrive from England on Tuesday soon about sixteen hundred rebels were facing off against about twenty thousand british soldiers. Street fighting was extensive and the rebel hell locations fall right away, whereabouts, mostly being besieged for the remainder of the weak. Britain had greater numbers and better weapons and didn't really hesitate to use heavy artillery. This lead to extensive damage and the number of fires. On Friday night, a fire forced the rebels who were in the deep, they have to flee Patrick Pierce unconditionally surrendered the next day with the hope of preventing more loss of life with his surrender reading quote in order to prevent further slaughter. The whole population and in the saving the lives of our followers, the members regional government present at headquarters, have decided on an unconditional surrender and come

answer. Officers commanding districts will order. There commands to lay down arms by that point, though, the death, I was already significant. Sixty two rebels died and from the british troops, one hundred and six were killed, and three hundred and thirty four were wounded. Hardest hit were civilians caught in the crossfire, with two hundred and fifty six deaths Thousands of injuries at first in the immediate aftermath of the rising. Both Republicans and unionists were outraged at the risings leaders, not have written a lot of people, like this was a violent uprisings, had attempted to overthrow a democratically elected government and replace it with people who would basically appointed themselves to the job rather than being elected when This parliamentary party, MP, John Dylan, expresses disapproval of the rebels, but then followed it with a statement that they had quote, fought a clean fight and they fought with superb bravery and skill and no act of savagery or act of the usual custom of war. End quote,

the House of Commons people, yelled, shame at him so like, even though he said pretty directly, he disapproved of what they had done, but that they had fought bravely before angry enough about it that they yelled shame at him. On the on the floor of parliament, perception shifted, however, after Britain began court marshalling in executing the leaders of the rising Some, whose roles had really been quite minor and imprisoning more people than had even participated between May third and may twelve. All seven people who had signed the proclamation of the Irish Republic were executed, along with nine others for a total of sixteen, these included Roger Casement and William peers, who is Patrick, piercing younger brother,

all of those executed were buried in a quicklime with no funeral. Only one woman was courtmartialed, although there were many others who were involved in that one woman was Constance Markovic, he was known as the lark and rebel countess and when she surrendered she is reported to have kissed her revolver before handing it over. He was one of the people who had helped found the Phoenix Erin and during the rising she was second in command to Michael Marlon. He was one of the leaders who was executed. She was sentenced to death Well, although it was commuted to life in prison because of her sex- and she was later release underage and a general amnesty from their, she became the first woman elected to the british parliament. Although she and other members of champagne refused to take her see after she had been elected. I realized how awesome she was very late in the process of their the kind of which the whole episode had been about her because his fascinating and maybe we'll do that later

I also, coincidentally, like I e view, the outline for this episode, and then I checked the inbox and we had an email from a listener saying that exact thing you could do something but used arriving. But this is really. The EU should focus. I maybe next year for each risings anniversary. That will not be a hundred executing the rebellions leaders and imprisoning many others have the opposite effect of Britain's intentions. It did not discouraged further rebellion or nationalist sentiment. Instead, this is when republican sentiment, which had existed in Ireland for as long as Britain had been present there to really start to pick up steam. Thanks to the irish secrecy and planning the rising for a time, authorities actually thought it had been the work of conveying, even though this was not correction been benefited enormously from the error it wreck. It reorganized

wake up the rising and became much more powerful, ultimately replacing the more moderate irish Parliamentary Party in parliament in the next general election. This victory ultimate led to the irish war of independence for nineteen nineteen nineteen, twenty one after which the six northeastern counties which did not want to leave the United Kingdom were partitioned into Northern Ireland and the rest of Ireland became the Irish Free State and then the report. To Northern Ireland and the rest of Ireland, became the Irish Free State and then the Republic of Ireland, and this is really why people point to the east arising as being this extremely important formative moment in the history of of the and the history of the Republic of Ireland, like it is quite the same as they the Revolutionary WAR in the Americas. There was a whole other conflict that followed this one, but this was sort of

The turning point of a lot of republican sentiment like a lot of people who had been a lot more moderate and said. Well, it will be fine. If we just have home rule, we can rule ourselves but be part of the UK still like bout. It was really the that turned a lot of that opinion to be no, we need to be completely independent from the UK that was as galvanizing moment in in terms of republic, sentiment in Ireland. I let, in the years that have passed since then, but used arising has been cited as the inspiring then for other a lot of other events, including the russian Revolution. I've been there, in Northern Ireland, which for folks, you dont personally, remember it, which I think a lot of us do. A lot of us we're alive at that either through all of it or at the end of the troubles for decades long conflict between Northern Ireland, unionist Protestants and Republican Catholics at an extremely basic level law enforcement

Northern Ireland have actually expressed some concerns that this internal of the eastern rise it of the east arising may leads a violent protests in Northern Ireland from the folks who would have preferred to have become independent with the remainder of Ireland as well and as the scheme, That is the basics of the east arising I'm not kidding. There is so much more that we could talk about like there that one of the books that that I got for this is one of the ones there. There are several books have come out after that release of documents that we talked about at the beginning. That generally have a. They have made a lot of use of those particular documents, and one of them is quite long. We will, they will all be in the sure notes if you are interested in learning more. There is all kinds that much more stuff actually that we could actually get into that.

Thirty minute podcast who we do not do you also have a bit of listener mail for us. I do it's her Abigail he writes to us about the last. We got several extremely touching emails. So far about the last, we have had lots of people who wrote net and talked about their grandmothers having served with a wasp, and we talk had other people talk about their mothers are grandmothers serving. And the military and from other capacity, and this one from Abigail was particularly moving so sure So what about of a figuring out what her role would be when she was a basic training and he says the civilian women who is assisting me with my ass Bab scores and told me that my scores were very similar to hers, but during her time in the air force, many jobs like job working on jets, we're not opens a women. She asked I would be willing to take that career path for her for of the women who could not serve in that role. In that single moment, I felt the

way of all the women who had served before me and the full weight of the women who would serve after me, and I said yes and I took on that job every day, After that, I was conscious of the history of women in the service and how eyes and how I serve what impact the women who would serve after me. Working on the flight line was a constant balancing act of proving my words to be there. Demanding, demanding to be respected as an airline and working as hard as male counterparts, often having to work harder to prove the same worth At one point, I served under a temporary supervisor during desert shield. He told me to my face that he didn't think that women belong on the flight line, but I was there we're going to have to do the best with that. We had this former farm boy with arms larger than my head was by far my favorite sergeant during my entire career, because in the end he treated me as an airline and didn't tricked me better or worse, based on gender, highlighting the history of women, pilots and, by extension, women into service in your pocket, is deeply moving to me to hear about their stories and their experiences.

I also thank you for sharing this story and helping me understand better my place in history, as I marched with, all the women who have syrup are serving and will serve in the future. Thank you from a loyal fan. Abigail. Thank you! So much Abigail we will. We have cut out the part where I had to start over, because I was I was tearing up. Thank you so much for this gracious ungenerous letter. Thank you for everybody who has written to share stories of your your brothers in your grandmother's in your Anson and other family, as you yourself, with a wasp or are served elsewhere and armed forces have been really really touching and generous to read. If you would like to write to us where history pike Ass, it has to work that calm morose on Facebook and faith, but that calm flashpoints than history and on twitter witnessed in history. Tumblr is misunderstood. Automata com or elsewhere, interested countries, dot flash Missis Reed. Our instagram is also missing. History

like to learn more about the air or Ireland or anything else. You can come to our parent companies website, which is how stuff works dot com. You can also come to our website miss than history dot com which, as we noted and our shoulders, I will list the books that were very useful in researching this episode, as well as the other sources that I consulted when working on it have an archive of every episode with ever got in some other goals stops. It can do all that and a whole lot more at how this works, that town or miss than history.

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