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Thus far, we're going to talk about is that in January of seventeen hundred a tsunami struck the coast of Japan, and this is a tsunami really well documented and records that maps and art from the time period and by this point, the p of Japan knew that soon armies could follow earthquakes and especially when it came to domestic soon, armies were both its Unama, an earthquake that caused it happened there in Japan. People had a really clear sense that when an earthquake struck as soon Army could find but sometimes an earthquake sponsors tsunami that makes landfall somewhere really far away and thence. Instantaneous communication Thousands of miles is an incredibly reason invention connecting these and soon armies to the earthquakes that spam them as a really of later scientists after an earthquake in

delay in nineteen. Sixty spawned a tsunami that struck Japan, a worker at a weather station, figured out the tsunami that had struck Japan, Japan in sixteen eighty seven, seventeen thirty in seventeen fifty one had come from Peru and Chile. This seventeen hundred zoonotic continued to be a mystery for another. Thirty plus years, though it became known as orphans, Unama and that's in army the earthquake that caused it and how people finally figured out, which was which are what we are talking about today The first written record of a astronomy in Japan is for the year six. Eighty four an earthquake struck the province of now known as Coachee afterwards quote the province of Towser reported that a great tied rose and caused many of the ships conveying tribute to sink and be lost. The word tsunami wasn't coined until later, though, it combines the character, Sue, which means harbour and now, which means wave

its first use in writing. As from sixteen twelve to describe one that struck on December second of sixteen eleven, roughly four hours after an earthquake off the coast of Japan, this soon army was disastrous, killing thousands. Thousands of people and from there the word to know me made its way into English in the late eighteen hundred's by the nineteen, fifty it had become one of the few japanese loan words in the english language is physics lexicon. There's! No, connection between earthquakes and soon Army was so solid in the eighteenth century in Japan that when the seventeen hundred zoonotic struck most people writing about. It didn't actually call it a tsunami astronomy instead almost the surviving written records, use words like high tide flood water and unusual sees the headman of the village of me, who did

under in his records, whether it was a tsunami which is something that you spelled out finale fanatically eve rather than using the japanese character for some time. He. So it's probably a word that he had heard but didn't know how to write, but he clearly seems puzzle whether this could have been astronomy since there had not been an earthquake beforehand, and we lots of writing from lots of different people about this particular soon. Ami in seventeen hundred Japan was about a hundred years into the took a gala period, also called the echo period, and this was the nearly two hundred and fifty year, Spain. Of relative peace and stability under the rule of the took a Gower shogunate. If you want a bit more detail They took a gala and the culture of the ETA period. There is a lot more about it in our past podcast unhook assai during this period literate

He was pretty widespread among social classes and the culture of governmental bureaucracy meant that there were a lot of records being kept about. Basically everything records of the tsunami, five in the paperwork of bed, damn yo or the feudal lords, as well as the merchants and people of the peasant class. Who were sickly leaders and their individual villages that soon reach pan. On January, twenty seven, seventeen hundred or in the japanese calendar, the eighth day of the twelve month of gin rocard, twelve, the path of the sooner me art from the northeast to South West down to pay coast, striking Kawasaki in the north first on the twenty seventh close to midnight and then moving south until it reached two nobby the following morning. All the surviving written record's come from towns and villages on the island of hunt. You, which is Japan's largest island and was also home to the capital city of ETA, which is today took you

they're, going to walk down the path the tsunami took from north to south and started at least according to the records and the fishing village of Collective Saki, which is on the northwest edge of me, ECHO Bay. The sooner struck in the middle of the night without any warning, and although the people who were living there were able to escape to higher ground and no one was injured. The combination of floodwaters and fires destroyed about ten percent of the towns. Three hundred houses, the water itself, was responsible for the destruction of thirteen comes the record's from quagga. Saki are the only ones to conclusively were used. The word soon army to describe the seventeen hundred flood official in the neighbouring town of Morocco, which was also the administrative seat for Quota Saki and other villages in the area started a relief effort The following days, stipends of rice were distributed. Two hundred and fifty nine people who had been affected by the tsunami and officials and me

also requested allotments of low grade would so that they can build temporary shelters. The tsunami water Traveled all the way through Morocco, Bay Damage, and destroying structures along the coast and avoid eventually reaching the village of cigar we see, which was a cold our inland and was caused the panic among among the people who were living there because of the shape of the bay. Finally, the water into a relatively narrow space. The crest of the tsunami was probably the highest here about five meters or sixteen feet. The record at cigar, we, she don't mention the word soon army, but they do men the absence of an earthquake and also do too, lyrical here. These records also miss record that

by a full month. Yet, as there was this and one other thing that both relate groups, we just they just noted the wrong the wrong date, their continuing south in the port of Oats Suki, most of the damage was to crops. They were rice, patties and vegetable fields that were planted close to the sea that were destroyed, two houses you, salt kin kilns were damaged as well in knock em and not. Oh hi. Waves prevented a boat carrying four hundred and seventy bales of rice from entering the mouth of the river and continuing inland to its destination of KEDO when it couldn't reach the river. The boat drop anchor and as the seas got rougher jettisoned part of its cargo, but then the seas, ten, you only got worse. The anchor line broke in the boat was driven into the rocks, causing the laws of the rest of its cargo, which was twenty eight metric tons of rice and the deaths of two of its crew. Of all the descriptions of the tsunami that survived

Today this incident of the one that seems to go on for the longest most likely. The boat was really struck twice once by the incoming water, which kept from entering the mouth of the river, and then it was struck a second time by the rebound of that water off of the land and the currents from the mouth of the river, and so that second wave is what drove the boat onto the rocks. The headman in me HO population, three hundred of the same one, who had wondered whether the strange sees worse tsunami evacuated ledges elderly residents and its children to a shrine on high ground. He described the unusual, see as a series of seven unusually large waves, because me her was relatively sheltered: the crest the sooner me there was probably smaller than a Morocco Bay, where the shape of the land funnel the waters, the city of tuna, Bay is on the southern and of the recorded journey of the tsunami. Path to lobby was much larger and had a population of about twenty six,

hundred including the mayor for the whole district. There, the sooner flooded a government storehouse in a castle mood and flooded farmland around the bay this of japanese coastline covers nearly one thousand kilometers. That's about six hundred and two one miles at various points that span. The crest of the tsunami seems to have ranged from two to five meters. Or six and a half to sixteen feet, so it was minutely enough to cause damage and alarm, but it was smaller influx of water than say the fled from a typhoon or a very powerful storm surge. Yet so this was damaging and there was some loss of life. This is one of those things that, by comparison like a really bad storm could have had a similar or, worse effect, on the island. This is also much much smaller than, for example, the tsunami that respond by the March eleven twenty eleven earthquake that reach tightened the forty metres or a hundred and thirty one feet, and that was small,

than the sooner that was by this same earthquake when it struck North America specific Northwest, which is what we are going to talk about. After a brief word from sponsor, starting our own business can be difficult. But developing your online present does not have to be. Google and square space have teamed up to give small business owners what they need to succeed on line accustomed domain, a business, email and the beautiful website. All in one place with Google and square space, you can stand out, look professional and increase your teams.

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Cascading a region which encompasses what's now northern California. All the way north to Alaska was home to four distinct cultural language groups. The coasts sailors, though, a caution that this should look in and this and thus a hopton he's encompass a dozen distinct languages and many many more distinct tribes and bans, all of them with their own traditions and customs and cultures and stories when the earthquake happened. This of North Amerika had not yet experienced sustained contact with Europeans. It would be another. Seventy plus you, before Bruno has said I would land in what's now Washington, state or Captain James Cook, would explore Vancouver Island european started colonizing. The Pacific northwest century later, and it was another fifty years before european arrival started, writing down that regions, oral traditions, but in that roughly century and a half between first contact and the

effort to document native american and First Nations peoples, oral histories and cascade area as many as ninety five percent of those distinct oral traditions were lost. Warfare european introduce diseases, loss of traditional territory to european colonies,. And cultural assent assimilation all played a role in the loss of a whole lot of care Haiti, is unwritten history. However, it's clean from the symbolism in many of the surviving native stories that the native people of cascading, like the people of Japan, understood the connection between earthquakes and floods. There are lots of references to earthquakes and floods in their oral histories, their folk, lore and stories throughout the EU. In stories about Thunderbird battling with whale our common among many Pacific Northwest People's likely drawn from the region. Seismic activity, and the connection between shaking ground and rushing water. In some of these stories, Thunderbirds thinks his talons into whales back

their fighting and whale drags Thunderbird down to the bottom of the ocean and Others Thunderbird Fly the sky. With whale like holding whale, immense drops whale onto the ocean causing a massive flood. The mythology is a little bit different further to the south, for instance the Yuruk tribe, who normally lived along the southern part of cascade IA and along Klamath River and are a federal. I recognise tribe in California today has a story about thunder and earthquake. Thunder went to earthquake because the people didn't have enough to eat thinking that if the planes became ocean people could they're, so earthquake ran along the land, causing the land to sink and fill with an ocean. Full salmon whales and seals. In addition, The stories like these themes of shaking and flooding in an interplay between the two are also present: an masks, art, dance and Sarah,

ponies among many of cascading native peoples, but apart from the more general tradition of focal folklore, myths and legends which of course, are open to lots of other interpretations as well. There are also specific stories about specific earthquakes answer not me that have passed down through generations, modern researcher, studying the connections between native oral history and the region. Seismic history have traced nine stories told to Europeans, by native peoples between eighteen, sixty and nineteen, sixty four that are detailed enough to determine they probably stem was seventeen hundred earthquake and tsunami, their story, that combine both flooding and shaking and describe family connections or other details that put the story into that right time period. Three of them, are the stories of specific ancestors, grandparents or great grandparents who either

survivor of the seventeen hundred earthquake or survived it themselves, one of the most frequently it was written down in eighteen, sixty four, a man known as Billy Black told James Swine, the story of astronomy, which One recorded in his diary on Tuesday January twelfth of that year Swan wrote that Billy Black told him about water that flowed and then receded and then rose again quote without any swell or waves and submerged the hall of the Cape and in fact the whole country except the mountains. Billy latches story goes on attack about people who did away in their canoes as well as can use that came down in the trees and were destroyed and lives were lost. In nineteen, twenty nine, a woman named Agnes MATS, who is a member of the too low a tribe, also known as the silhouette deny nation, pulled cultural anthropologist, Cora aid. Why a story about a tidal wave in Oregon quote there were no white people on earth when it happened. She said and went on to this.

A story about a grandmother warning her to grandchildren who she had raised to run to the top of the mountain as fast as they could and when they looked back, they saw the water consume everything with so little surviving oral history. We can't reconstruct the point by point recounting of the earthquake and tsunami in cascading at the way we did in Japan, but given how populated the coastal region from British Columbia to Northern California was and how many native peoples extensive use of the rivers and waterways to move and from the coast the only logical king is that it was catastrophic even for those who felt the earthquake survived by moving to higher ground. The tsunami would have destroyed homes, canoes fishing nets, stored, food and We think that was necessary for survival and we're

to talk about how these two events on opposite sides of the Pacific were finally connected, but first for going to pause and have a low sponsoring like so many people in our audience. Learning is something that you, and I can only look forward. Which is why we really really enjoy having subscriptions to the great courses plus there's. Always they knew to learn the great courses plus offers them a nor library of really engaging video lecturers. There are so many topics and they're all presented by award winning professor you can learn more about whatever interests. Do you there's the Vikings there's road were too, there is even a genie g and photography, I have plenty of things cute up to my own learning desires. We recommend watching the black death the world's most devastating plague. It explores the impact that the plague had on fourteenth century Europe and on western

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P M local time on January, twenty six, seventeen hundred the cascading US zone ruptured along at six hundred and eighty mile or one thousand ninety four kilometer length. This fault system is off the coast of north EM, I am from Northern California today, all the way north into British Columbia. Today people living on the coast, both felt the quake and experience the sooner that followed. It only would have taken about twenty minutes for the water displace toward the north american coast to actually reach it. Researchers estimate that sooner me that struck was up to fifty feet or fifteen metres high, then about ten hours later water displaced in the opposite direction reached and reaching heights of about sixteen feet are five meters. This wave of water travelled from these two southwest down the japanese coast for the next eight to ten hours it

a really long time for anyone to connect these two events together, even after the efforts we talked about at the very beginning of the show, and why Big reason is that for much of the twentieth century, geologists thought the faults in this part of the world work really capable of producing a very powerful earthquake MAX out at around magnitude seven and that would necessarily be powerful enough to spot You know me that ultimately reached Japan. Seven is still pretty big earthquake yeah, but not now size needed to spawn this level of destruction, but throughout the nineteen eighties researchers, basically trying settle disputes about whether cascading was capable of producing great earthquakes. Define more and more evidence that incredibly large earthquakes really had struck the region in the past,

This research studied the lay of the land in the Pacific Northwest and the remains of forests in an earthquake of this size and type Leon can suddenly drop. And when land on the coast or otherwise near water, drops the one. Russia's in to fill that void. So when a coastal forest suddenly drops water. That Russia's in kills the trees and creates a ghost forest as region you're started looking for evidence of whether cascading could spawn great earthquakes, they started finding these sorts of ghost forests. As though these ghosts, forests or a total surprise. Researchers had already found plenty of some words logs and stumps, along with that this and other archeo logical evidence of destroyed homes of native peoples. But for a long time the conventional wisdom was. These trees had been killed through a slow rise in sea levels, not an earthquake in a sudden drop of the land, but other bits of evidence started two point: two,

the earthquake theory. There were layers of silt that could only have come in along a tsunami, an entire marshes were buried, and served under layers of silk and sand that could only have arrived. There suddenly not part of a gradual process and ninety ninety six after more than a decade of piecing together. All this evidence, japanese researchers first connected the tsunami that struck the island of HANS Shoe in seventeen hundred with the earthquake that happen on the same day in the Pacific, northwest By that point, radio, carbon baiting had already pinpointed the date of the creation of these ghost forests and cascade area as some time between sixteen ninety five and seventeen twenty and ninety ninety seven, the date was further refined. The having happened some time between August sixteen, ninety nine and may seventeen hundred so between the end of one growth phase and the beginning of the next four, these trees, what they did was they compared the ghost treves routes

they may excavated for this purpose to the rings of neighbour of neighbouring trees. That had survived since before seventeen hundred, and you read so much about the science behind this earthquake and tsunami in the orphan tsunami of seventeen hundred japanese clues to apparent earthquake in North America, which was prepared by the. U S geological survey in conjunction with the geological survey of Japan, and we will have a link to ban in the shown it dead one of those books you you can buy it and find it in libraries, but it's also a public domain peace because it was created by government. For so that you can read on internet for free. Aside from solving this mystery of what cause that working in army, this research is incredibly important, that actual wife to day in the Pacific Northwest the.

Dear that a magnitude, nine earthquake is possible or maybe even inevitable, have a huge impact into the conversation around how resilient buildings and bridges and other structures need to be to withstand the level of seismic activity. That's possible in the region not be alarming that that, at the fact that a lot of things built there were built before anyone figured this out, that is for sure, My two of my siblings live in the Pacific Northwest. I lived there when I was a kid, and I know that they have. I dont know if they realise its related to this specific geological survey. And research that was done, but they have become so aware of like oh, we ve got some notices about maybe looking at fortifications of our homes, yeah. That was at the care if it was last year or the year before it was within the last couple of years of there was a whole wave of articles about this whole thing and I'm not sure exactly what

bond. Those articles, because at that point I mean this this. This book about the seventeen hundred earthquake and Tsunami had been out for a while, and it was one of the things that I read and I thought about my brother and sister in law. Who is not a point I mean they live? They live in in Seattle and at that point. They were living in a condo that was sort of under a highway bridge yeah. My sister in law had said to me when I came to visit them. She was like when the big one happens. That's going to follow us and though I remember reading those articles and being like you guys, got to go now either so yeah, that's it now, building standards are taking into account the idea that yes, there magnitude seven is not the upper limit here. Magnitude nine plus is

Do you also have a little bit a listener, real, whether it be about building fortification or not, but I am, and I have a clarification and the correction, the color. The clarifications stems from an email. We got from listener, albert and I'm not going to read, it discovers- gives various details in there, but rather is has been a therapist for many years and wrote a book.

Our episode on job rounds rate on Harper S Ferry and how we described his methodically planning as being evidence that he was not mentally ill and that did not come off the way that I intended to an episode. I was definitely not trying to say that people who have mental illnesses are able to learn or plan things cause that's faults, and I also wasn't trying to say that the fact that he was planning meant that he was not mentally ill. What I was attempting to get out was that there is this perception and a lot of history books, especially odor history books, that John Brown was quote a crazy person who had this wild idea that he took off on suddenly, which is not accurate, like he definitely put a lot of planning

and research into guerrilla warfare and things like that. An EU implemented that into this whole plan. So my apologies for not articulating that very well and that episode Correction that I have comes from Elizabeth and Elizabeth says, dear Tracy and Holly and you're nineteen September, twenty seen episode about Mary Alice, Nelson, a Molly spot it out. You discuss some of the challenges she had in getting only to the United States at the beginning of world war. Two, you noted that Johnny was a socialist which you are good cause problems because of quote France, a Socialist Party which Johnny was a part of had at one point considered uniting with Germany's Socialist Party, which became the Nazi party. This is untrue. Germany, Socialist the Social Democratic Party, a Party of Germany S, beauty, was wholly unconnected to the Nazi Party added back said in stark opposition to it. The Nazi party, full name national, socialist german workers party in us dig.

P evolved out of the german Workers Party, the API, a party at the opposite end of the political spectrum from s the knots. We're a far right party. You other speedy, but was a party on the left, if not as far left of the Communist Party of Germany copy. The sort of basic error is not just unacceptable, but also dangerous, as the report supports far too widespread conflation between nazi fascism and socialism best Elizabeth. So, thank you, Elizabeth for that correction the my big source of research, for this was a book that has gone back to the library. So I cannot go back through it to confirm exactly what are you there miss red or garbled when I wrote down minutes. It was definitely brought up as an issue that his involvement with the Socialist Party in France and that parties connection to Germany was a problem forgetting his visa. So at some point between that knowledge and what we set an episode, I went astray

and I apologise for that too- that's correction corner who pays listener? Mail? If you like to write to us about booth or any other podcast, where history podcast, that house networks, dot com or also on Facebook. At Facebook, back com, Slash missed in history and on Twitter. It missed in history are tumblr is missed in history, that tumblr dot com, or also on Pinterest painters, dot, com, Slash missed in history. You come to our parent companies website, which is how stuff works that calm and learn about all kinds of stuff, including earthquakes them soon army. We have article on how both of those things work. You can also come to our website, which has missed in history tat com for showed, for we will link to that paper about this anomaly that we talked about. Today. We have an archive of every episode we ve ever done. Some frequently asked questions

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