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Saddam of its day, and it completely sank into the ocean, and rather than compassionate about it. A lot of people simply assumed divine punishment. They deserved what they got here. There is a precedent for this kind of our seeming moral judgment in relation to a natural disaster, but when, tied to Haiti's specifically, it seems to focus on the revolution and that's what we're gonna talk about today right. So, to give you a little, Haiti history, we ve got the island of Hispaniola, which today is divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic, but it was by the Spanish and the French, the spanish first thanks to Christopher Columbus spanish side, was called Santo, Domingo and the french side Santa Mank and send it. I made it so much money for the french money most came from sugar bet, there's also coffee and cocoa in indigo. In the in a recent among equals, a fourth of France's trade overseas

and in the seventeen Ninetys, there were about thirty and white people. Twenty four thousand free people of color who are either black or of mixed race, known as the Jean De Cooler and four hundred and fifty thousand black slaves, so notice, the disparity there in numbers, it's the minority who has the power, but there scared of the majority, which is the slaves and they should be we'll find out shortly yet in this free people of color group gene to color, are are an important aspect of this divide that I'll come events They often own slaves and plantations themselves, but they're, not full citizens, so their considered some in between whites and slaves. As far as their social class gas. Possibly the most important figure in the haitian revelation was a man named Francois Dominique to Sir who was born

in today's society around seventeen. Forty three ass, a slave on the broader plantation and its fairly notable, that he is actually born island he's not Africa. You know he was not born in Africa and in a country where there so many more slave daft birth. That my pretty notable- and he was a privileged slave, as was his father. He had some education. He knew some french and some Latin, which was unusual. And later in life. He was freed, I'm in here a catholic and married with children and as personal attributes go, he was He Terry, in which I thought was a little unusual and he was also very short much like Napoleon Bonaparte. This will come up no but later and we don't know what he looked like, but he's never described as handsome, so we're gonna settle with the french Revolution taking place suddenly we have debated

the and fraternity as of now cry and it is resonating all the way to France Colony right. The low assemblies are now allowed in the colonies like send a and the job, color plan to take advantage of these new rights, they demand the full rights of citizenship. But you know guess how free and the rich white people of sand, a man felt about those. Forgive you hand not great when we have lots of factions going on here too, because we have white through taken the battle cry revolution to heart as well, and their thinking is the perfect time to have their revolution and an independent become independent of France, because, obviously, if France, not in control. Maybe they can more money so its are divided between royalist and Republican. Further. So much going on here and so that brings us.

A rebellion there's a small rebellion in seventeen. Ninety led by the saw OJ whose a free man of color and it stamped out and he's executed. But that is not the end that is just the beginning, especially because around one hundred thousand new slaves arrived and send a mank between seventeen eighty eight and seventeen ninety one, so our numbers are even higher. So this is the slave major entry into into the picture to add that in this area of the world was pretty much the worse place to be a slave treatment here was notoriously cruel and the climate is horrible, the most at the french white people, move tat the island and try to get get back to France as quickly as they can fill, and yellow fever. The climate has not hospitable to new arrivals

so up until this point- has mainly been skirmishes between the free people of color and the White Paper on the island that this is when the slaves get into it and their will blood, as I wrote in my life and also vengeance in August seventeen. Ninety one, under the leadership of a guy named Daddy book men, who was a view, do priest, Slaves rose up and killed thousands and thousands of people and burned the plantations as they land there were mutilations and other atrocity the time this wasn't just about independence. This was about getting back just clover side note here, Why to haitian voodoo? Isn't what you would think of when the widow, it's not a little trinkets. You can buy in New Orleans its a combination of West african and catholic believe. So it's a lot more complex than the little looting. Also, keep that in mind for when you're learning about haitian video, so

The revolution is on at this point and when the revolution breaks out, our guy to side is not involved, he's not killing. Anyone he's not burning anything. He even helps his master escape and he support the royalists until they decide to ask the British to help them and then he's pretty much. Rather than being the good slave. Cod end quote and he joins the fight and surprise surprise. Really good at being a leader and brilliant yeah. You hit the rebel those aren't haven't than the best up to this point. But too far is an amazing amazing leader forces right. It was a very ill organised movement before that, so he organised, as everyone gets his own kind people together and then teaches them all guerrilla warfare, and they know that island better than any one else. So it's gonna be a hard hit for the french

Ass Name Louvre Chair and he becomes known ass, she sat Louvre Chair for the rest of us means the opening and it still just under two sat under Selina leadership. The slaves gain control of a large part of the island and around seven. She, ninety three to sound, takes on the last name Louvre sure, and he becomes known as to Sally richer for the rest of us. It means the opening still just up the people on the island bursts France at this point France's definitely losing and they give rights to free men of color just because they have to there in this despite, but they also send in their own fighters because they don't want to lose this incredibly wealthy colony that they have, but it gets a little. More complicated because around seventeen ninety three France's at war with both Spain and Great Britain. So Europe involved in this whole matter. Yes, and the first want to regain control of their island, but the book

from the Spanish see an opportunity. This is their chance to take over and get a piece of the pipe. Spain would love to have the rest of the island. Five on the island off the sea and opportunity to align themselves with Great Britain, which support slavery and forced the slave owners are trained to return things to the status quoth the way of life that was in them so much money before so to sign, and the others are fighting with Spain this point, France, is completely outnumbered and in seventeen ninety four they abolish slavery in the colony is so a huge win for two and his group, but something

the pricing happens in seventeen. Ninety four Louvre church join up with his old enemy France, because the national Convention has declared emancipation and the colonies in Great Britain and Spain have not so she thing an ally now in its farmer enemy right, because that is his goal to abolish slavery period. So, if you're going to go along with that, then he's going to go along with you and The sides does not go well for Great Britain and Spain because, of course, he's fought with them. He knows was leading them. He knows what kind of strategies and tactics they'll do, and also he's really good these playing them all off against each other to France, Spain and Great Britain, and it's interesting to think of of all these world powerhouses meeting with the rebellion cleaner, and it's call to too he was ever think around fifty when the revolution started, an all he'd really done his life. Was you really wave- and this is the moment to shine.

But will leave a tourist messing with the great european powers. There also messing with him in France, at some others, lieutenant governor and they're, trying to set up other leaders to rebel against him. So everybody has multiple game going on at once right, but its fires like opinion at the time, goes the people on the island, the sleigh of course I love him, but surprisingly also with the Europeans and the gene to confer on the island like him too, because they like what he's doing for the economy, he's letting the planters come back out of exile, which we reject for the french revolution. That was not something that happened. You you're, a french aristocrat you're living in that you were gone and move at her stay gone when he let them come back and even forced be freed slaves to work the plantations, because he needed that the trade, so he could get money, so he could fight like Terry called this military agriculture when she was talking about

with me earlier hay and not that really helped. It makes sense. Just it's not quite slavery, but you still being forced to work maintaining, and so he made the mark, but he wouldn't let them be whipped. He limited their hours and he, gave them, I believe, a share of the protests as well, but still a clearly. They didn't want to go back to their old lives. He made them. Do it So in the meantime, as far as the battle goes, he still trampling the bread and they start to negotiate with him to secretly they act withdraw in seventeen, ninety eight or seventeen ninety time and part of this secret. Cream is a trade agreement send a man starts up trade again with the great Britain and the United States. They get arms in return for sugar to cite also makes a deal that he won't invade Jamaica or the American South and the Brits say hurry. You know we could make you king of an independent Haiti, but he doesn't

Stan and he's still hates the fact that they have not abolished, every for themselves, so he says now, but he does declare him governor general for a life of sentiment and basically sets up a military dictatorship with the new constitution and some others. I think somewhere in making Smithsonian. That he'd had advice from Alexander Hamilton about doing this very thing which we felt pretty cool side now, but he sets or she tries to set up a tax system and warmth way to hand in part his ideas of equality and tolerance, along with his ideal of hard work, he thought people were basically lazy and then within you hunt to coerce them into working, but he trouble. Administering a government he's a great leader, but he's a war leader and it's a different kind of job and a lot of you have died and the revelation to it's been at war. Europe has always been

plotting against them. So there's a their wounds clearly and they stole racial tension too, because the white people and mixed race people think Some of them are hoping that France will come back in and again bring things back to the old ways and, of course, as we mention the axe, lathes dont want to be working. These temptations of there being forced to work and are some black people on the island who want to get rid of all the planters. Slept the plantations. Among themselves to sense nephew, one of these, and he leads a revolt. That's to San had him executed. We can forget about Other side of the island now assented Domingo. Its The same island, but they have flavour, sites of that's gotta be driving to some kind of crazy having these

right. On the other side, it did in fact, to drive him completely crazy and in eighteen, o one he takes over that side of the island as well, even though one Napoleon Bonaparte tells me specifically not to chair, freeze the slaves and leave a church. Hold Napoleon the Frenchman. He doesn't need to worry, but he's clean going way against Nepal and Camille. Absolutely. He writes to talking about his loyalty and all good he's done for the island. But this power relationship where you know you have Napoleon sensibly in control of sentiment, still part of France is really you. If you have to say going inundating another part of the island completely, and especially you thinking about their motives. It completely with one another Napoleon wants to get this colony, completely back under control and he's a little right he's seriously.

Racist and to certain knows this, and he knows Napoleon would just bring slavery back if he only had, just in in she now to get a foot in the door that it's going to happen to sound either hand wants to go to Africa and free all the slaves of the world. So we're talking about to people who have pretty much nothing in common work zone the incense General Victor Leclerc, to the island. Along with several thousand soldiers, we ve seen numbers about twenty thousand forty thousand, so a bit of a discrepancy there it's a way more than to size expecting and the people of the island and the free people of color side with Leclerc, whereas the blacks of the island fight again ten, but eventually many and up on Leclerc side, because Much of a choice. After a while they ve been fighting and too finally surrendered on the condition that Leclerc not bring slavery back to the eye.

And so to sign retired to his own plantation. But the french think that he's problem still scheming, to take control, which you know like they were to be fair. He made of then, and they trick him and to coming to a meeting where they arrest him and send him to France and he's taken to you in the mountains and kept in a cold damp castle and the French are basically just waiting for him to die in this castle and he does on April eleventh eighteen in three and we don't know what happened to his family, whether they, it on I or interfere summit have some of them going on the boat with him and then there's no record of them after they got to France, I'm assuming their fate couldn't happen. Wonderful But after he dies the fighting and send a went, went on and on January, first eighteen o four sentimental became the independent nation of Haiti

like to read a little bit more about the revolution and we ve talked about in this pine cast a blog on it not too long ago, as we mentioned so go to blogs, that house networks, dot com and look for stuffy must in history it generated last discussion. It is controversial discussion and we're going to end and a little bit of a lighter note and go to listener. May all today's emails are both about air podcast on Saint Paul Cathedral during the blades, and our first line is from Katy who recently moved to New York City, and she thanked us for helping her past a task in English, which made me really happy it's my favourite subject. They read the short story. The destructor is by Graham Green and she ended up being able to talk about symbolism and Saint Paul, and I say so Katy and admirable. We also got another. You know some modest love in Ontario and when we talked about Saint Paul, we mentioned how a few of the biggest bombs that struck nearby breathing struck. The cathedral didn't explode and how lucky that lies for not only think power from the Saint Paul Watch, but the whole neighborhood and lot of five pointed out that those

failing to detonate was not an accident. Female labourers who are forced to work and arms factories by the occupying Nazi would somehow sabotaged the bombs by leaving out the crucial metal way that could help upon explode on the ground and a third of a sad story that, because the Nazis were so careful to check for any of these drinks being snack out in pockets in April, the labors with often have to injustice, which would tear up their intact and when they were being passed through, but still when a courageous other side of this boy and a really cool fact. Thanks to us for that one, and if you'd like to email, ass, its history pine cast and how stuff works, dot com and we also started a twitter. If we would like to follow up, the name is missed in history, the combined and you

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No, I'm really excited that the creator of river they'll has a sparkling adventure in the big apple coming out, full of fashion drama in dreams colliding with real life, Thursday February Sixth, at eight seven central, it's the new Sea, W Series, Katy keen the big apple, better watch out, no matter who or what gets in the way. The four friends we were part of the show are about to take a big old bite they take on the runway, the recording studio, Broadway and the social seem there's so much high style has a new name, Katy keen the fashionable

you serious premiers February, six on the seat of EU or streams free the next day. Only to see that you up, we are going to ITALY after the success of last year's trips of Paris. We are planning another similar trip still with defined destinations this time to Rome and Florence. Yet we are going to spend a week exploring some amazing things were going to have city tourism, both Roman Florence, we're gonna, see the Roman Colosseum, the Vatican Museum in the Sistine Chapel Saint Petersburg, silica Vatican City. This is just a tiny fraction of all the stuff we're gonna get to do, get its May fourteen to twenty first, twenty twenty and to get more information, go to define, destinations, dot, com and scroll down to the roman Florence trip with stuff. You missed in history glass