« Stuff You Missed in History Class

Unearthed! in Autumn 2020, Part 1

2020-11-02 | 🔗

It's once again time to take a look at things that have been literally and figuratively unearthed over the last few months. In part one of this Autumn 2020 edition, we'll talk about books and letters, edibles and potables, animals, and some other stuff. 

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This is an unofficial transcript meant for reference. Accuracy is not guaranteed.
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Hey guys it is Bobby bone. I want to tell you about make it up as we go one of the coolest podcast coming out this year, brought to you exclusively by Unilever, nor and Magnum Brands and featuring original music by scarlet, Bur creator, director and executive producer and co creator. Jarret use. This is an incredible inside load to the behind the scenes of national riding rooms and features to per acting by Billy Bob Thorton, myself and Miranda. Lambert, there's a killer soundtrack that you can stream alongside original episode, which drops every week only on the I heart, podcast network and association, with audio up media. Welcome to stuff, you missed in history class, a production of I heart, radio, hello and welcome to the podcast, I'm Tracy V Wilson and I'm Holly fry before we start today's episode election day in the US that's tomorrow. We would just like to encourage folks if you have not voted already, and you are eligible to vote in the US and registered, and all that I know some states
have same day. Registration, which is amazing, hope everybody is out there exercising the right to vote. As of when we were recording this. My back, It has been mailed and accepted. I am waiting on my absentee ballot to come but in the meantime I ve been talking to a lot of people for a whole other podcast about it yeah. So if you need some last minute inspiration, she could check out the while voting pod guest in here. Lots of people. Some of them names you know, are motivated to vote. It's been really fun. Having those conversations I've been envious of some of the sum of the Congress since you ve gotten a half hour that show yes It's been very fascinating, especially since I am in in pandemic times. I record in my closet and many people have seen my shoe. Closet may spread a great so closet,
I love it, but it's a little bit funny every once in a while. Someone will go. Is that a closet? I'm like? Yes, it is yes. So now we've had our are sort of election day, yeah, I know there's a lot going on, but I just want to take a minute for that is now about time. For an item on earth. For two favorite things together autumn here on earth. You're going to say, voting and unheard Well, I mean voting is a whole other separate thing, but sure for any. newcomers to the show. This is when we take a look at things that have been literally and figuratively unearthed over the last few months. The last time we did this, was unearthed in July this year, and that was just one episode and some folks wrote in to express their disappointment that it was just a singleton, so good news for those folks,
this time, which is covering July through September, it's a two parter and I with a little bit weird, but this he's coming out in November and does not include the month of October as we are, recording this right now it is only October twenty That is why so, today, in part, one unearthed and autumn for two Y. Twenty we have the books and letters and the edibles and potable and some animal finds and along with other stuff and the next time some of the other favorites, including the exclamations and the shipwrecks. Interestingly kind of a departure from Greece on earth. We do not have a giant selection of episode updates this time around. So rather than having a whole separate update section. There are things that relate to other episodes, just in other categories that they relate to as Tracy just mentioned, we're starting with books and letters
so major restoration work has been ongoing at Oxford Hull in Norfolk, England, after some dormer windows slid off the roof in twenty team and that event revealed a number of issues with the dormers roofs, roofs, chimneys chimneys that all needed to be addressed and ahead of that repair work. Archaeologists have been searching through the spaces and cavities in the attic and under the roof to make any artifacts that might be stowed there can be retrieved and preserved This started out as a big project with a whole team involved, but because of the Covid nineteen pandemic, many of them followed archaeology, Matthew Champion was asked to continue on by himself so Part of this work was lifting up, floorboards and looking under meet them and, looking in other cavities in the structure to retrieve any artifacts that were in there, I may really work.
Expecting a lot of major fines with this all there. This structure dates all the way back to one thousand four hundred and eighty two most of those says had already been opened up and examined during other work. That happened in more recent years. However, Cambrian found one area where the old floorboards had never been lifted up, and not only that there was a layer of lime plaster under the space and then pulled moisture out of it. So it was in there really pretty dry. So it was an ideal environment for preserving things like documents and textiles. And this area turned out to contain thousands of artifacts many dating back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but some even older and many of them pact, together in two very old rats, nests made of Tudor and Elizabeth and textiles because of that very dry environment, even though rats had literally by using these materials to make their little homes.
They were overall in extremely good condition. So, although camping and was doing the archaeology work by himself. There were also still builders there on the scene doing their work. Everybody had Ppe, they were all socially distancing and the build got involved with going through all of this, and they made some fines as well My very very favorite of this whole thing and why I put this first because I love it so much. This was quoted from campaigns Twitter feed, he said quote. First was found by Rob Jessup, who literally pulled a page of a fifteenth century manuscript out of the rubble past it to me and quietly asking. Is this anything I love it so much two. Other builders found a nearly intact sixteenth century copy of the king Psalms in its original Tudor cover there.
Only one other known copy of this book in existence and that copy is on the british library. Although some of the material and documents were clearly dragged into the space under the floor by rats. Others were almost certainly concealed there intentionally by humans. The betting fields who lived in the hall were catholic and they use their home to shelter catholic clergy. During the protest, reformation and England Shift Protestantism. This edition of the king Psalms, for example, was written by John Fischer, who was executed after refusing to acknowledge Henry the eighth as head of the urge becoming a catholic martyr, It is possible that some of these books and documents were used in illicit catholic masses and then hidden out of sight under the floor. There also love other fines in this area, including many many sewing pins and documents. It looked like they were cut up for use,
Sewing patterns. If you see photographs of them as like. Yes, that is absolutely a bodice and in another pandemic find doktor. Anna Clayton was using time that opened up because of the pandemic lockdown in Tasmania to go through wailing logbooks from the southern hemisphere she had put previously found school lessons from a little girl, Esther Mary Paul written in the log book of the whaling vessel Nimrod that was announced. Did and she started, trying to figure out the story of how that had come to be so at times that Esther who was actually born six years after the voyage use logs. She was right again. She was. Of of a woman named Charlotte and Charlotte Charlotte Jacobs was married to the captain. Captain Esther mother, her aunt and her grandmother had all been living together in the same house. When Esther started writing in this log book. She was five years at the time and was being taught at home, so seems like either. She kind of commentary
this to write in, or someone gave it to her to write in for her lessons, and some of the writing in his book, seems to be lines that she copied his punishment. There are things like behave at Sunday School and stir shall not go out again to sort of Sweden One of these lines struck. Tracy is a little bit creepy. It was love your grandmother, Esther love your grandmother, Esther love your group. Mother Esther that, when I thought about I was like Tracy. This is the jumping off point for you to write your horror movie. Ok, love your grandmother, Esther! Now I'm grief TAT, not even a Halloween episode during this research. Doktor Clayton take down some more of ester's biography. She grew up married. A chemist, Eighteen, eighty, she was twice when she got married, they went on to have three children and she lived until the age of forty four and she loved her grandmother Tracy
a researcher studying the work of economist, Adam Smith, has unearth a sixteen thirty four edition of Shakespeare's the two noble kinsmen as part of a that includes several English plays Doktor John stone, founded at Royal Scots College in Salamanca. Spain, in the play with written around sixteen thirteen in this copy, maybe the oldest shakespearian work in all of Spain, The book is also still in its original binding doctors, speculated that it made its way to the college as part of a student's personal library. I was kind of curious about there being Royal Scots College in Spain look up college was founded in Madrid in one thousand six hundred and twenty seven, and it's moved a couple of times in the centuries. Since then, Initially, it was a full time seminary, so men from Scotland would travel to the college. They were trained to be priests there. Today,
the college's focus is still on serving the catholic Church in Scotland, but it's also expanded its role into hosting things like retreats and conferences, more than three point, five million pounds worth of rare books were discovered under the floor of a house in Romania. The had been stolen during a heist in twenty seventeen the time the books were being shipped to an auction in LAS Vegas, and they were temporarily in a postal warehouse to thieves. Cut through the roof repelled into the warehouse and removed the books. While on of the shelves. To avoid setting off sensors in the floor, I feel This is the most action movie high sea. We have tried to thought the so a lot of the we have to. About our more like just somebody smashed the door and and got something in escaped the cold,
in this crime had already been caught and convicted, but it took a while to figure out what they had done with the books. They were fine We found in September thanks to a joint effort from law enforcement in the UK, ITALY and Romania. More two hundred books were recovered and they included first edition works by Galileo and Isaac Newton, among others, the process of track These books down also lead to charges being filed against thirteen more people the whole network, twelve of those we'll have already entered guilty. Please and the thirteenth is facing trial in March. Now before we get into some interesting land and water stories to getting a little word from a sponsor
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I know you don't like it when I call myself your whole me, so I have some favours to ask you. If you get rid of a few cheers in the living room, my floorboards are tired and other easy thing will save money if you bundled your home and car insurance with guy girl. One more thing. I know you love lavender, sent a candles, but could we try to haitian vanilla? I think it would fit my five better Gallego, the bundling movies you gotta go back on today. Next up, we section, but I titled land that used to be water and vice versa. It is a couple of fines that connect to changing sea levels. So, first after the last ice age, more than thirty per of Australia's land math went from being above sea level to being underwater, and so that means that there's a huge amount of archaeological information about Australia's aboriginal peoples that
underwater now. So a team of archaeologists from the poor, universities in Australia and the UK in partners. With the mood Aboriginal Corporation has been studying archaeological and geophysical surveys to try to find some of these underwater archaeological sites. In July they announced the discovery of Australia's first underwater aboriginal archaeological sites. Thanks to surveys from the deep history of sea country project. sites are off the coast of Northwest Australia and they are each at least seven thousand years old. The old underwater archaeological sites found in Australia to date. The artifice It's on earth so far include grinding stones and other stone tools. In the words of associate professor Jonathan Benjamin who is the Maritime Archaeology programme coordinator at blunders, universities, college of humanity's arts and Social Sciences quote now. We finally have the proof that at least
of this archaeological evidence survived. The process of sea level rise, the ancient coast, archaeology is not lost for good. We just haven't found it yet. These new discoveries are a first step toward exploring the last real frontier of australian archaeology and this stories, kind of the opposite, so back in the nineteen thirty's, a farmer in southern Norway, decide the drain, a wetland so that he could grow crops there, and while the drainage trenches, he started finding all kinds of tools and bones: the tools were fishhooks in harpoons and the bones seem to belong to see animals like orca and bluefin tuna, so this collection of vines didn't quite makes sense the bones and the number of them How they were arranged by suggestible that the site had previously been underwater. But the number of tools, all
suggested that it had been a settlement and there were some unanswered questions about whether the bones and the tools were all the same age. At that point, really know whether maybe the bones were from an earlier time with a sight had been under water and then maybe the tools were newer or following a shift in the shoreline the tools were sent to the University Museum of Antiquities in Oslo and the bones to the natural history museum. Pierre DE candidates, friend votes, fog, Nielsen started putting the pieces together in twenty seventeen, while doing doktor work, tracking down both the tools and the bones Nielsen dated them, confirming that they were the same age dating back to between thirty seven hundred and twenty five hundred Bc Ii. Further excavations in the former wetland followed with the team, eventually unearthing, additional tools, projectile points and lots Lots of tuna bones at this point. The conclusion is that this area used to be a lagoon, and then,
from nearby settlements on land use this lagoon to hunt fish, maybe even cleaning the fish from their boats. Before going back to shore, fortunately, though, this had been a better environment for preserving artifacts back when it was still a wetlands before it was dreams to make it into cropland. The fight that were unearthed back in the thirties, we're in a lot better condition than the ones that have been found in the last few years. Now we're gonna move on to the topic of animals on pray intervals on previous instalment of unearth. We have talked about research into dog, domestication and the discoveries of canine skeletons that showed evidence that the dog had survived a broken bone, which was possible evidence of it being cared for like a pet ray search, announced in July has come to similar conclusions about a cat, the bones of the cow in question were found at an excavation site on the silk road and southern Kazakhstan, as had been.
To a medieval settlement of the pastoralists Turkic, tribe and the skeleton was relatively speaking, complete. I mean it's that a whole skeleton, but there were multiple parts, Still there and that's pretty unusual at other excavations in this region, it has been way more common to find individual animal bones partial or complete skeletons X, Ray analysis showed evidence of multiple healed, broken bones, suggesting that someone had cared for the cat while it recur from injuries based on isotope analysis it mostly eight fish and dna evidence confirmed that this was a domesticated cat species rather than a wild step. Cat together. All of this evidence suggests that their words, domesticated cats, who were being treated as pets in this area. Going back to at least the eighth century so in of the overall timeline for cat domestication. That is really really recent, but it's not
we reason for this particular area. Many of them People living in this area were nomadic and while cats might stay for a while at an encampment, historically in this area were not known to follow nomadic people's along their travel rates. According Doktor Ashley, her router, who led the team. This particular society only kept animals It's some kind of essential used for their lives and they were pastoralists so most of their lives or about hurting they. Keep large stores of greens that would attract rodents, so they wouldn't have as much use for cats as road and control. This party cat had had also lost most of its teeth by the end of its life, meaning that people would have been feeding it. So this seems to be the earliest domesticated cat to be found in the region, north of Central Asia and EAST of China. Other news, archaeologists and southern Poland have found two small clay: figurines that look like pigs. They were found in a settlement that dates back to about thirty five hundred years
The settlement was surrounded by a stone wall and it's not really clear what the purpose of the little pigs was. These I ve been children's toys. They could have been some kind of ceremonial object, then it's also clear whether they were made by the same person. So they look somewhat similar to each other and they were found in the same dwelling, but they also have some stylistic differences. Total lay person, impression I am not an art historian. I am not an archaeologist, but, like my gut when I looked at it was that looks like a parent child art project, because they do like similar, but one of them seems a bit more polished than the other one here's. What this makes me think of you. I know people that will decorate their entire kitchen in pig theme. Or rooster theme or so part of think this, this
not have any ceremonial use ceremonial use, it may be ancient kitsch. Isis like pigs, I dislike figs, in another depiction of an animal researchers, found a stone box on the bottom of Lake Titicaca, which contained a tiny figure of a lama or alpaca carved from spiny, oyster shell, its twenty millimetres just over an inch long and its soft coral color. Also, ox was rolled up piece of gold, foil, that's about the same length and it's like that is fine, but is of Inca origin, and it was placed in the lake as an offering. I gather it looks so delicate and it's like coral color just makes it look very pretty. To me I like a tiny little curve charge sweet according to research published in July. Foxes have been eating people's discarded food for more than forty thousand years. The authors came to
conclusion by studying carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the remains of several types of mammals and south western Germany, including red and arctic foxes, and for there was a large population of the end or thousand this region, the ice, the tube suggested that the foxes had been eating. The same foods as other much larger carnivores, so basically the foxes would have been things small animals and then also scavenging from those bigger animals cast off scraps, but as a population of Neanderthals established itself. The foxes diets included more and more reindeer something there much too big for the foxes to hunt themselves, but it was part of the neanderthal by it, the author, suggested the diet of foxes, might be a useful indicator to study human behaviour, and now we will take another quick sponsor break before we get into other stuff about food.
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conclusions about indigenous management of the reefs Bay on their research. These oyster fisheries were in use for more than five thousand years and during time. They were really very stable. This was True, even as the indigenous populations that were harvesting oysters from them grew dramatically and went through multiple shifts and economy and political organization. with a much bigger population in a changing social structure. These reefs stayed very stable, suggesting that the whole time, people were intentionally managing them with a focus on The inability maintaining through all of these other ships engines all when people start harvesting from an oyster bed. It is generally expected that the oysters will get smaller over time due to harvesting pressure. And while there was a trend for slightly smaller oysters during the late archaic period in this study that
shifted in most places during the mississippian period, with the average oyster actually getting bigger over time. Although this may have been related to environmental changes. It might also have been influenced by how people were managing the reefs for the most part, the oyster pie, relations on these reefs also continued to be pretty stable after European started, colonizing North America. What really cause the reefs to collapse was development of industrial harvesting and canning. In the ninth century. We talked about that a bit in our episode a Chesapeake Bay, oyster, worse. Yes, we're getting one of my favorite words and starvation of iron age wooden houses called cranks at Lahti in Scotland, has revealed butter sweetie, Twenty five hundred year old butter and about three quarters of the dish that it was stored in
The dish itself had holes in the bottom and it actually may have been used in making the butter Turning the milk, the cream would be placed in a woven cloth in this dish, so the rest of the liquid could be pressed out through the holes, while training the solids so wooden houses where this was found, those were built out over the lock and they lasted for about twenty years before they would collapse into it, so that that is how these fines got into the lock in the first place. So the utter not a ton of it, but some survive in this environment, thanks to it being very dark and anaerobic down at the bottom of luck. Butter Tony that butter no. The Ark knowledge is that the Australian National University have found the earliest evidence of indigenous communities cultivating bananas in Australia. This is on a tiny island in the Torres Strait, and it dates back more than two one hundred years the team found
dark granules banana plant micro fossils am charcoal in the soil leader, see Robert Robber Williams described this find is helping to dispel the idea that Australia's first peoples didn't practice. Agriculture, saying that the tourist strength has proven We been viewed as kind of a boundary between new guinea where people practised agriculture and Australia where people were believe to live more as hunter gatherers. So this discovery thinking that the islands and the tourist straight were more like a bridge, then a barrier. Williams is a descendant of the Camry Nino all peoples, and he also talked about the team's effort to be mindful of how their work would affect indigenous communities. Saying quote: historically, culture has been appropriated by non indigenous archaeologists and anthropologists. So is really important for me to make a connection with the people in this community and ensure they understood. The research really belongs to them. I hope work is something the community can really be proud about. It demonstrates
through clear evidence that diversity and complexity of early horticulture in the western tourists straight to me, on on multiple previous editions of unearthed. We have talked about discoveries that have come from studying the residues on pottery, which have provided evidence of what people in the past were preparing and eating. I remember talking about these kinds of residues related to everything from oh, it turns out this society. Was making better. Oh it turns out this society was using salmon in a way we didn't expect like there's a lot that comes up a lot, a team of Archeologists has tried to figure out how accurately these residues reflect the use of the pottery over time. They did this and a project. I love so much by cooking, a bunch of ingredients and newly purchased unglazed ceramic pots. These ingredients included wheat, maize and venison.
They do the same ingredients over and over once a week over the course of a year and then for their last batch. They changed up the ingredients that they tested the residues inside the parts to see what stood out the most the agreed if that had been cooked over and over or the ones that have been cooked for the last meal, so kind of unsuppressed lay the burned remains at the bottom of the pots. Looked most like that final set of ingredients and why the thin residue layer on the interior surface of the pot showed some evidence of the earlier ingredients. It also still most closely resembled that final meal lipids that been absorbed into the pottery, on the other hand, mostly showed evidence of those things that had been cooked, o roon over over the course of the year, without nearly much evidence of that last final meal. This
is not to suggest that one set of residues is better than the others, but just they each give a slightly different look at what the pot was used for In the words of the authors quote, we propose, these different residue forms present unique opportunities for archaeologists to study the various resources that may have been used across multiple timescales within a cooking vessels, use history, moving on researchers that your highness Gutenberg University mints have concluded, that the ability to digest lactose, past infancy, spread through the population of central over the course of only a few thousand years, meaning it's a pretty recent adaptation. They came This conclusion, after studying the dna of people who had been killed in battle around twelve hundred BC e in that
study only about one in eight of the people carried a dream that would allow them to break down lactose into adulthood, but today, roughly three thousand years late, Roughly ninety percent of adults from the area can tolerate lectures in the war, to Professor Daniel vague men. We conclude that over the past three thousand years lacked haze, persistent individuals had more children or, alternatively, the children, had better chances of survival than those without this trait in a completely different subject: a Phoenician wine press has been discovered in Lebanon, making it the iron age wine press to be found there. This wine press dates back to the seventh century BC and one of the building materials used to make the press was plaster that had made from lime and ceramic fragments.
Making our really durable plaster was pretty tricky at the time and crushing up ceramic fragments helps to make the plaster stronger longer lasting and water resistant would be pretty important and a wine press road, men's actually later refine this same technique for use in their buildings. And for our last edible and potable, find in September members of a japanese research expedition found a cache of emergency food that had been left behind by a previous Japanese expedition that took place in nineteen sixty five. It contained and goods and chewing gum. The chilly is cool meant from Lahti. Co, which had been developed specifically for japanese expedition teams to include vitamins and minerals formulation that was meant to withstand five months of extreme temperatures. This cash all contained a can of the First Coca COLA that was available for purchase in Japan. This style of coke can did not,
pull topper and opener, you had to make a hole in it, with a can opener to be able to drink it in the world. Of an unnamed Coca COLA, Japan official who was quoted in the association burn quote, greatly encouraging to imagine that expedition members had Coca COLA in the hall environment, I was thinking that maybe it was just because of the times that we are living in, but when I first read that quote, it was the funniest thing I had ever heard my wife and I laughed about it for a solid, been it. I think that's valid. It's very funny, I'm so pleased our product was part of their packaging suits. Adorable And then we have kind of a little strange anomaly in our wrap up. So we don't have any US updates this time around. I just had a chill
her. Yet I don't I was like did. Was there may be a pause and research into at sea because the pandemic? I don't- I don't know the answer we just there, because I don't know you think for us in this area, so that we know what we ve at sea are completely so were doing something at sea adjacent for the last unearthing. In this one, a Hundred year old chamois discovered in South Tyrol, ITALY is becoming something of a model to help guide research into frozen mummies like at sea, the chamois, that's a small goat antelope was found by a hiker who alerted authorities so utterly and other frozen mommy's can be really incredibly challenging to study, because You think that researchers might physically due to the tissue family. They have to walk this really fine line between preserving the mummy and conducting the research when it comes to trying to do things like tat, Dna samples- the dna has often degraded over time, so there is very little of it present in the specimen. Basically,
there is no room for any kind of trial and error or do over. The recent are hoping to use this shama, basically as a model to work out. A set of proceed that can be used on human remains to do things like retrieve dna and do other research work, so they can get it right. The first time and preserve those remains as much as possible. I love it. It's a very smart approach to be like we do have this. That is, less likely to yield us renewed device mental insights about humanity, it's like their little test project is perfect, let's make a process based on what we learn right here. So smart fell back part. One of our unearthed, for this fall have more stuff in part. Two and a half some listener mail to take us out. Emily and Emily wrote new
Mexico history was the subject line dear Holly and Tracy. Thank you. So much for taking the time to address the New Mexico history, both of your recent episodes. Mean oh Tara, worn and the demon core repressive, Syria that I didn't know very much about, but they connect to me on a personal level. It was really interesting to see insight into how New Mexico's educational policy was shaped and, of course, revisit the complicated both Anglo in spanish colonialism in northern New Mexico. However, I aspire really loved your demon core episode. I grew up in LOS Alamos New Mexico surrounded by the history of the Manhattan project. We regularly the museum and historical parts of LOS Alamos when I was a kid to see the science behind the atomic bombs, but I had ever heard of a demon core before thanks. So much for tv you something new about my hometown and state, I love your podcast. So much keep up the good work Emily. Thank you so much for this email Emily. I wanted to read it not just because it's nice to read nice emails, but all
because there is actually a connection between those two things that did not come up on the episode, which is that in Vienna, Altera Warren could see the man Hatton project site from their homestead That was like a little The tale that came up in the recent that I just did not have a great place to reference specifically in the episode, but that was sort of one of them. Things of of during World war, two is the Manhattan project was going on. They sort of they could see in the distance. This facility didn't have the the sense of what of was going on there. So thank you again Emily for that note. Now, if you would like to write to us about this other podcasts, we're at history, podcast that I heart radio com and we are all over social media at MIT on history. That's where you'll find our Facebook and pinterest and Twitter and Instagram, and you can see
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Transcript generated on 2020-11-22.