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Besides the nutrition myths once and for all, with science, listen to fitness, disrupted and apple pie on that, my heart, radio, or wherever Nepal, gas welcome to stuff you missed in history class housetop works, dot com, hello and welcome to the part cast Anthony Lambert and unfair dowdy, and today's subject is pretty serious and it's been in the news a lot lately and to me it's always fascinating when something that happened in the past makes headlines it because of new archaeological insight or medical analysis are just the most thorough. You have buried facts. You could possibly do, and I think it is interesting because gives people the chance to revisit a story that they may only learned about in textbooks are in films. It gives people a chance to revisit history, and let us see

History really is which of course, is something that's subjected, reputation and not ever as final as it may seem to us, and we ve done so many episodes where there are huge blanks and the information that's out there and there definitely harder for us to referred mad trapper of wrought river. Her real of how but there's some of your favorites and a lot of those blank spots are never going to be felt that others can still come to light, and that's it we're talk. About today, you are subject today- would have been a very different kind of episode had we recorded at one week earlier, because it would have been before the release of the saddle report, which is this five thousand page blow by blow account of the events of bloody Sunday, and it's really shine so much light on a very murky period. In history, the BBC says the report's length and depth may have- and I quote, in any other contacts, have rendered a purely academic and historic document, but in the context

Northern Ireland. This report is alive with the lessons of history, but first as always, We better go back a little bit and find out what happened we can really understand this report and its significance, so in nineteen sixty nine and british soldiers had in Northern Ireland to protect Catholics. After all the rising tensions, there were creating a lot of trouble and by nineteen. Seventy two irish nationalist believed that the British were just there is occupying. Says they wanted them out of the country, and it wasn't long before Northern Ireland. Unionist government started to inter suspected paramilitaries with File, something that was making people very apt another civil right that taking away with the to March to protest and people were really tired of this so on January, thirtieth, nineteen, seventy two civil rights Group and Londonderry had decided to stage a peaceful mass demonstration to protest. The ban the march was organised,

by the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association and its Can I really meant for it to be peaceful, although riots at the time were a frequent event, even contacted republican factions and urge them to hold back any violence and allow the demonstration to take place in peace, but, as Chairman intentions were high. We just a few days earlier to Londonderry policemen had been killed, and so many People were really on edge that others and will include a lot of young people in this group to we're just out there. You together and take part in this protest. One injured women later recounted that she had gone to hang out with her friends and to show off her new coat. So dont. Think of this protest as having single person involved at the height of distress and data be violent. It wasn't quite like that and the ten Some people marched toward Guildhall Square, but they found it barricaded because

in anticipation of trouble, be first battalion of the parachute regiment had been sent from Belfast to dairy and the recent report suggested. Then perhaps this was the wrong group to try to maintain the peace with, since they were known for their force. So in the crowd hit, barricade, most turned toward Friedrich Corner others state on course, and when a riot began typical and that the protesters threw stones and the troops fired, rubber bullets and a water cannon, but the had orders to arrest as many people as possible and the violence began to escalate the shots rang out and within half an hour. Thirteen protesters were dead and fourteen injured. One of him later died from his wounds and alone. Dad are really young boys about seventeen years old and the most famous men from the event is one of those young boys seventeen year old, named Jackie Daddy, who was ITALY wounded, and there is a famous picture of him being rushed out,

the crowd with a priest in front of him waving a white handkerchief as a flag and free those thirty minutes of violence. Many questions arose who fired first. The dead men, armed or innocent civilians, and who is responsible, an inquiry was immediately ordered by Prime Minister Edward Heath and was led by the Lord Chief Justice of England, Lord Witchery, and he quickly produced a sixty page report concluding that, while the dead didn't have weapons on them on their dead bodies there have been armed before that or may have fired weapons before, and it also concluded. That the demonstrators have definitely fired the first shots which necessitated the army's response and people are sustainably outraged at this conclusion, the dairy coroners that that the death for on adults murder. So there's no question about what most people involved felt about this incident and so for the next

Well decades, nationalists and relatives of the victims and just people injured. In seeing justice carried out pushed for a new inquiry and the violence spread to this. The and the bloody Sunday really pushed the state Northern Ireland into catastrophe bloody Sunday best He ended these nonviolent approaches to civil rights. As more people began to support the irae, which advocated force against the UK to get them out of Northern Ireland. We are only a few weeks after the incident Minister had suspended parliament in Belfast and impose direct british, and only six months after the the provisional IRA came out really hard. They detonated twenty bombs ever belt. Killing nine people mutilating a hundred and thirty people, and over the next few decades at least three thousand six people die in these troubled times between the two countries,

this direct role lasted until nineteen. Ninety eight, with the good Friday Peace Pact, which helped de escalate the violence and Mr Tony Blair also marked the peace by commissioning an inquest through the event which sent a trouble spiralling out of control, which is bloody Sunday, so the inquest produced a report. The saddle inquiry, which was led by the Judge Lord Saddle and took twelve years to research it called fourteen hundred witnesses, two hundred and eighty million dollars and I'd like to thank the New York Times for that figure into dollars for me and it One man, Mickey Mckinney, who is the brother of one of the victims, attended ever the day of the hearings, which is unbelievable hearings that go in for twelve years. Just imagine how much that would dominate your life, he even muted to London for a time when they had moved the case there, because they were concerned about the safety of some of the people. Testifying emotion,

query completely. Recreated the events of the thirtieth and, most importantly, answer those lingering questions. It concluded that none of the victims had posed a threat that the first shot came from the british Army and that, while there was some firing from republican paramilitaries mixed in with the crowd, it didn't warrant, shooting unarmed civilians and also- that none of the soldiers had fired in response to people, throwing projectiles something this Lawyers had long claimed and then in this remarkable speech that happen. Just a few days before we're recording, thus the still new Prime Minister, David Cameron, apologize before parliament thing that the bloody Sunday shootings, where quote, unjustified and unjustifiable, and that quote what how should never ever have happened. The families of those who died should, I've had to live with the pain and hurt if that day, in a lifetime of loss, The members of our armed forces acted wrongly the government,

ultimately responsible for the conduct of the armed forces and for that on the of the government. And indeed our country. I am deeply sorry so very powerful words to come from the Prime Minister to parliament and they were view viewed by news people all over the world and most importantly, people in Northern Ireland have met with cheers and Londonderry people were congregated with photos, and a ripping up. The old witchery reported to celebrate what he was saying yeah, and the report really does give us a lot of new insight into what actually happened. Specific details. As I said earlier, it's really a blow I blow thing at the though summary of the report is few pages. That's how long the old reported that gives you a pretty good example of how detailed it is, but one other thing: Get a better sense about is the order that things progressed and that events progressed in

We know that the parachute regiment had had orders to arrest rioters, but the oars some ground commander, Brigadier Pat Mc Clellan, had been to make arrests only when the rioters were separate from the marchers too, to split up these two groups and instead Colonel Derek Wilfred. Suit: arrests in the crowd where there was no way to tell who is here. A writer who was trying to flee the scene. Meanwhile, and anonymous lieutenant and fired shot the head of the crowd, which was a really big mistake because it sent his own fellow soldiers The panic they didn't know where the shots were coming from. Imagine in them a riot, they have the fog guns going off the water says. You can't tell going on and they hear these bullets starting to fire. The report noted

quote, soldiers reacted by losing their self control and firing themselves, forgetting or ignoring their instructions and training and failing to satisfy themselves that they had identified targets posing a threat of causing death or yes injury and they want We believe that they were firing at provisional or official. I re members that in reality only one of those killed GEL Donoghue even a member of the group's youth wing and while he was quote probably during nail bombs. The report still calls his death unjustified and that one victim was shot while crawling away and then another was shot out well already dying. In already several of the soldiers who had not third shots rejected this report's criticism of welfare, saying that some senior bishop had to be blamed, and it happened to be Wilfred, but what's really is

thing about. The report is an acknowledgement of the shootings future impacting on the relations between England and Northern Ireland. It it Goethe, pretty in depth with that and when clothes is what happened. The Sunday strengthen the provisional IRA increased national measures men and hostility towards the army and exacerbated the violent conflict of the years that followed through its really Allah, urging all that from this single. Thirty minute incident service The report helps settle some long held questions about who is responsible and it also gave family members the chance to you. Many are getting up in front of crowds and saying the name of their I've the victim and then being able to say innocent after it, because they knew that they were innocent. But now you ve got that that official word that, yes, they didn't anything wrong, but there is one big question laughed witches: should the soldiers and their commander face criminal prosecution

decision rests with Northern Ireland's public prosecution service. Something Cameron alluded to in his speech, and it's like, that new information will come out on this. By the time we publish this episode and in fact the story was updating. As Sarah was researching yeah. It's us. Interesting to note that this report has been ready for a short time. At least part of the former Prime Minister Brown actually cut back the results until the country may. Elections were over cause. He was afraid that what results. Whatever they may be, weighed caused some sort of trouble and and also alluded to over all history of Britain and Ireland during this time period trying to point that a thousand soldiers and police had been killed during the conflict and that this was a terrible anomaly. Out of out of the regular service that was going on, but he also said that you did not do

The british army, by defending the indefensible. We do. Honour all those who have served with distinction in keeping the peace and upholding the rule of law in Northern Ireland by hiding from the truth. So it's interesting to see such a candid document, come out and have a prime minister talk about it in such a ceiling on aid, and I guess we can only hope that it works to promote future peace and not do anything to hinder it. Are all like by says: the Youtube Tongue bloody Sunday is not a rebel song and that what we know today about bloody Sunday, although of course change- and that brings us listener. Male one lesson listener road about a podcast waited a while back home, Saint Patrick, stay Brian Boru and he said, it's a while, since you did your podcast about Brian Borrell, but there's one important aspect of his success that you missed and that slavery in

Ireland at the time those defeated in battle would surrender except the overlord ship, a victor and go home to lick their wounds and give military support to their new overlord until the next time they not strong enough to impose him and then break dull cosh captured limit from the vikings they had a more lucrative option available to them. They sold their vanquished opponents into slavery and whatever the flag of the Vikings of Limerick. He was happy to use them to destroy his enemies to be defeated in battle by Brian Boru, but he's only being marched to Limerick and change, bloated on board a Viking ship and finding yourself the property of a spanish or north african. More for Brian, I meant to defeated enemy need not be of any future concerned. His war chest would be filled with foreign gold and potential enemies that have to think very carefully about opposing him.

I could remember my sources, but unfortunately I can only pass it on as top of the head information which may interest you can be used, but we are using it in listener rail. So, if you'd like to eat mail, I swear it. History podcast at Helstone Work Stock, but that's not the only way to get in touch, but also on twitter at missed in history, and we have a Facebook Pham page or will keep you updated on what we're doing and what were researching and as always feel free to visit our homepage, W W w dot how stuff works dot com

furthermore, on this and thousands of other topics visit has to work Sakharov and be sure to check out the stuff he missed in history, ass blood on the house to approach that can how low bunnies this is Ard. Marine. You may know me from Chelsea lately or as Regina Sinclair on insatiable. I want to tell you, but my comedy pod cast: will you accept this rose, which is new to the eye heart radio podcast network? We re cap every season at the bachelor franchise, including the bachelor, the bachelor at an bachelor in Paradise. We bring in bachelor super fans, including last bass, Nicky Glaser, Debbie, Ryan and more catch. Our first episode on January eighth and listen to will you accept this rose on the irish radio, app apple pie CAS or wherever you get, your part casts. We are going to ITALY after the success of last year's troops or Paris. We are planning another similar trip still with defined destinations. This time to Rome and Florence Year we are going to spend a week exploring some amazing things were going to have city tours of both roman Florence. We're gonna, see the Roman Colosseum, the Vatican Museum in the Sistine Chapel, see Peters Basilica, Vatican City. This is just a tiny fraction of all the stuff we're gonna get to do get its May fourteen to twenty first twenty twenty and to get more information, go to define, destinations, dot, com and scroll down to the roman foreign strip with stuffy, Mr Mr Glass,