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hello, and welcome to the fight against poverty fry and I'm Tracy, Wilson and Tracy. I bet you were taught as a kid in science, that's probably pretty early on! That's all snowflake unique and there are no to exactly the same year. I think it was so early that science was not a separate class. Ray then I am together like a kindergarten, and then we would like followed the paper and so little cut it out and then unfolded, and it would be our own unique snowflake there you go Today, we're gonna talk about the origin of that

by sharing the story of Wilson Bentley, who was a farmer meteorologists who became known to many during his lifetime as the snowflake man. I'm glad you picked this because I found it interesting and very fine and I got to look at pictures of Netflix fell. Bentley was born Wilson, Alwyn Bentley on February nine, the eighteen sixty five in Jericho over mine, a living in the farm house where the Bentleys lived there were Wilson and his brother, Charles their parents, Edward and Fanny Bentley, and their grandparents on Edwin Side, Shelley and Abigail Bentley. Sally Ann Abigail had owned. The property of a may had turned it over to Edwin when he was ready to start a family, I'm a condition that he kept housing and caring for his parents. So I Wilson was still a boy, his gun Parents moved to another house down the road whence you have headwinds. Relatives Mary and Melissa bled moved in.

Well, this brother, Charles married Mary blood, when she was still just a child of twelve herself yeah. We should I would point out that there is. There are question marks about Mary and militia and their relationship to the family, because their often kind of casually referred U S cousins or distant relatives, but it also seems they may have been just kind of like close friends of the family who fallen on hard times, it needed a place to live, and so they came got adopted into the family unofficially and got called cousins, but they were not. They may not have been blood relatives, But the area where the Bentleys lived was on the east side of Jericho. It was close to bolt mountain in it with service to buy a one room schoolhouse, but Wilson Bentley did not go school as a child do in some part, to adjust being difficult to actually get to the school building for a lot of it, I'm during the year because of inclement, whether where they lived, but that does not

He went without an education thanks to his mother, who was an educator according to Bentleys own accounts quote. I never went to school until I was fourteen years old. My mother taught me at home. She had been a sky Teach her before she married my father and see instilled in me her love of knowledge and of the finer things of life she had books, including a set of encyclopedia. I read them all. He also learn to play piano. Clarinet, coronet and violin from his mother may play music is high, wife and really loved it. Bentleys mother is also the person who gave Wilson his first microscope, essentially setting the stage for his life's work. That microscope was old. It was one that had been part of her science lessons when she was still teaching and she, to her son, who was ever more curious about nature and like a lot of kids, you get to play with microscopes ages

and putting everything he could find under its lands from flower pedals to feathers till water. but even at that early age, fifteen by bentleys recollection what he really wanted to look at was snowflakes he would later right quote when other boys of my age were playing with pop guns and sling shots. I was absorbed in studying things under the microscope, drops of water, tiny, fragments of stone. A feather dropped from birds wing, a delicately veins pedal of some flour, but always from the beginning. It was the snowflakes that fascinated me most. The farm folks up in this north country dread the winter, but I was supremely happy from the day of the first snowfall, which usually came in November until the last one, which sometimes came as late as May as a team peace.

Taking the microscope to the outermost room of the family Farm House, which states very cold. So he could look at ice crystals there. So we're gonna do a quick word here on the term snowflake versus snow crystal or ice crystal they all off. get used interchangeably, but the six sided shapes that we I kinda vernacularly call snowflakes are really snow, crystals and men he's. No crystals can make up a snowflake. They clump together as they fall and then sometimes break back apart, but snowflake I am also still be used to describe a single snow or ice Crystal Miss something Bentley came to realize as he studied frozen, precipitation and snow crystals, of course, to be clear, are not

frozen rain, that is sleet. They are no crystals formed when water vapor becomes ice without passing through a liquid water stage. Wilson observed all of this, but he didn't just observe. He took detailed notes and he drew snow crystals. He knew that he was probably getting the details. Raw though, and that frustrated him ice crystals being what they are. They also melted before he could look at them again and revised his sketches to make them more accurate. He would try to hold his breath during his observations and his sketching so that he wouldn't melt the things he was trying to draw. Sometimes, though, he would exhale and have to end that whole study accidently I can imagine one the tenacity that this requires us to the frustration in those moments when you just let your breath go, because

hold your breath for it, and then you know any time I need a not breathe for some reason. That's what I want to breathe so bad for sure. It becomes like a panic induce her for me Wilson Father was never especially enthused about his son scientific pursuits. He was a farmer. any expected they Wilson would follow. Suit and so, when Wilson learned about the possibility of a camera that might be able to take photographs through a microscope, he and his mother made the case to Edwin Bentley then they needed one and he ultimately acquiesce to that request, and this was to be clear. A big investment occur to Wilson Bentleys later in life. Writing quote when I was seventeen years old. My mother persuaded my father to buy. For me, the camera and microscope which I have developed into the apparatus, I'm still using cost even then one hundred dollars. You can imagine how

my father hated to spend all that money on what seemed to him a boy's ridiculous whim. Something to note here is that, while the elder Bentley, ok the acquisition of this equipped- that will thin, was in no way absolved of any of his duties on the farm. He could pursue his snowflake studies, but he could not shirk any other parts of his work, and this help true for the whole time he was doing this research and doing expire with Photography, but Wilson Mentally was still a teenager. At this point he didn't, ever taken a photograph in his life when he had this new camera and his work. The microscope was largely self directed with some pointers from his mother, If you have ever gotten, really really excited about a new technology or a hobby and bought a bunch of expensive equipment only to realize you have no idea what to do with it. You are where Wilson Bentley was an early eighty navies, I'm just guess I dont

but that's like at all. I was just think about how I have a little point in shoot camera that has all kinds of settings that ice like I thought I was gonna, learn how to use them all and I've learned none of them. I just use the automatic when which, at this point is effectively the same ass. My phone see this made me think of when I got my embroidery machine and then was like. I need a bunch of software. did you custom designs and then I was like ok now, Let us not slow you figure it out, although he may have been a myth,

we overwhelms and probably disheartened by a lot of disappointments early on he kept at it. He worked through trial and error to figure out how the camera worked and how he could actually take photos of microscopic things, because he approached this way, though he started to understand the camera and as microscope and the behaviour of the ice crystals with incredible depth expertise he figured out a way that he could collect the snow crystals on a blackboard outside and then move inside carefully with the ones he had collected, and then he used a chicken feather. something that was very and on the farm to vary.

carefully, move the snow crystal that he wanted to look at onto a plate and under the microscope. One of the problems was simply a matter of size not of the snowflakes but of the camera. The camera that Bentley had purchased was a Bellows camera. That's what are the ones that has like an accordion between when a part in the back part, if you're having trouble visualizing it, he had the position the microscope at one end and then step around to the other side of it to see through the viewfinder. But if he was looking through the camera and needed to focus the microscope, he could not do both of that. At the same time, the length of the bellows was longer than the disk of his arm that he could reach so to solve that problem. Bentley came up with a way to attach the fine focused mechanism of the microscope to a wheel and Polly that he could manipulate from the other end of the camera, while still seeing the image

it's pretty ingenious, his first successful photo Paragraph was made on January, fifteenth, eighteen. Eighty five during a snowstorm Bentley was just shy of his twentieth birthday was elated, and he later road of that moment, quote the day that I developed the first. Negative made by this method and found it good. I felt almost falling on my knees beside that apparatus and worshipping in it was the greatest moment of my life. The first Picture of a snowflake had been made it had taken Bentley for years to figure out exactly how to do it. To most, people would probably want to scream about that kind of achievement from the rooftops, but Bentley was not like most people we'll talk about when he decided to share his photo microgram work after a quick word from a sponsor this episode of stuff, you missed in history classes brought to you by Oxy Clean MAX

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I mentioned before the Break Wilson Bentley had taken the first photograph of a snowflake, but here not immediately share his work. Not even close. It was another thirteen in years before anyone even heard about it, but during those thirteen years. He was incredibly busy. He worked during that time. capture, more images more than four hundred, but he also started composing data record of not just the ice crystals he had observed, but also media? logical data like storm severity and timing, trying to see if there was a pattern that would link the characteristics of the ice crystals. He observed with the nature of this. That had delivered them and he was, we're doing this. It seemed just out of sheer curiosity and enthusiasm for it. He didn't they was doing anything that was especially ground breaking in kind. I presume that anything he found had already been studied by scientists and scholars, and he said

he wasn't making any money at it. He just loved it. This level of devotion to something with no bigger plans for the pursuit may seem odd. It certainly did so people who knew then he was generally considered otter eccentric by pretty much everyone. One story told by a fellow villager, was that as a prank, a bunch of boys switch the wheels on Bentleys buggies of the front wheels were the big ones and the bad ones were small instead of the normal way, which was the other around. Or even more amazed when Belize showed no reaction. To this end, just drove the buggy home and never mentioned. It is not clear whether he didn't notice or just ignored it now to snow illustration of how he was a little bit different, but Oh people found him strange. He was also generally well liked because he was a very kind quiet young man, eater

you going witty and friendly, despite the fact that he was also a bit of an introverted he loved to play piano for the key the community and he played Cornet in a brass band and because Jericho was a very small community. Everyone knew about his fascination with precipitation one thousand nine hundred and ninety eight bentleys collection of snow, Crystal photographs, which totaled more than four hundred, was purchased by the Harvard Mineralogical Museum, and that same year a professor at the University of Vermont named George Perkins, heard about Wilson Bentley and his obsession with ice crystals. He had seen the photographs and was amazed but Bentley had never written about his work. At least never successfully, he had made one attempt, but that had fallen flat to writing skills or just not the best that he never tried again. But George Perkins took Wilson's notes and turn them into a

article that was published in Appletons popular Science monthly and the two men share to byline on it, and that article ends with the paragraph that well, it may have been helped along by Perkins, is very, much in the style of writing that Bentleys later papers would show really for the rest of his life, a very sweet and wonder laden commentary on snow crystals, which reads quote there is no sure road to fairyland than that which leads to the observation of snow forms to such a student, winter storm is no longer a gloomy phenomenon to be dreaded. Even a blizzard becomes a source of keenest enjoyment and satisfaction, as it brings to M from the dark surging ocean of clouds forms that thrill his eager soul with pleasure.

This was the first of many articles papers and books that he went on to write once they realized he could share what he was doing. It was like he couldn't stop and his photographs had been made into an exhibition at Harvard. Suddenly he had the attention of a lot of people. He wrote regularly for that monthly Weather review and other publications always intertwining. His scientific, observations with this poetic style of writing. The first years of the twentieth century were very productive. Fervently in Tina one. He published an article titled twenty year study of snow crystals that established a lot. ideas about snow and ice. There were way ahead of their time. One of the most significant aspects of its contents was better he's observation that in all of the snow crystals he had observed, he had never seen too that were alike. He also

stated that in his observations, the western and north western areas of storms produced the most perfect crystals. He also explained how He had come to the conclusion that conditions aloft were more important and influential to the formation of snow crystals. Then conditions closer to the earth that same year, Bentley had an exhibition of US photographs at the PAN, american exposition and Buffalo New York. Then just A month later, his work was featured in the quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society in England, so may be wondering what does a person this obsessed with whether created ice crystals do when it is too warm for those two form. He studies precipitation its liquid form. It turns out, at least that's a Bentley did just as he had wondered what caused ice crystals to form and snow. He started. Invest

eating how we actually formed in eighteen. Ninety eight, he started by trying to measure raindrops that he did this and are really inventive way. There were already some scientists measuring the splashes that raindrops left when they had a piece of paper or some other surface, but Bentley started using flower. He spread the flower evenly across a tray and then pay that trade through the rain. As a raindrop hit this inch deep flower layer, it would form a tiny ball of simple dough. When those little drops of dough dried, he measured them to figure out the size the raindrop had been. He performed. Control experiments to compare by dropping, measured amounts of water onto the flower himself said that he had an existing data set two years. This is so

ingenious. Let's go, oh, I can create a set and then I'll have that. As my comparative measure, but just seems brilliant me and he measured hundreds of raindrops over the next seven years, culminating in an article in the monthly weather review largest raindrops that he measured were roughly six millimetres is very roughly a quarter and in diameter- and he noted that, just as was the case with snowflakes and snow crystals, different types of storms created different types of rain In particular, he observed that when lightning was overhead, there was a greater frequency of large raindrops. Even though

was doing a lot of really groundbreaking work in terms of the reception from the scientific community. He got a lot of silence and he probably would have liked any kind of feedback, even if it was critical. We don't know for sure why so few scientists, even the acknowledge what he was doing and we will attack before about like the scientific establishment being really reluctance of people they perceived as amateurs. But at this point- three. Most people who I am, Sir people knew what he was doing. It seemed kind of strange that there wasn't a lot of engagement from that quarter. I could have been a matter of his outsider status. Like I just said, nobody knew who this farmer from Burma was or how or why he had started studying meteorology with no formal school

biographer Duncan Blanchard theorize, but it could also have been the way that Bentley wrote about his work was not always really scientific and its tone. It really retained the wonder and the delight the Bentley felt for the natural world and that may have led to it not being taken very seriously, but because of that he was we forging ahead and an understanding of the subjects with no collaborators, he was breaking new ground by himself, even though nobody else is really watching and here are a couple more examples to illustrate what we're talking about when we say that Bentley wrote about his work in ways that were decidedly unlike the scientific community, in an article that he wrote for technical world in nineteen ten. It opens with the lines quote. What magic Is there in the rule of six that compels the snowflake to conform so rigidly to its laws here is a gem bestrewn realm of nature, possessing the charm of mystery of the unknown,

sure richly to reward the investigator. It's very sweet, not super scientific sounding Let me ended that same article, which was titled snow beauties by writing, quote indeed, it seems likely that these wonderful bits of pure beauty from the skies will soon come in. Their own and receive the full appreciation and study to which their exquisite, loveliness and great scientific interest and type even a more technical article that Bentley pending one thousand nine hundred and twenty two to explain his photographic process gets a bit flowery quote: every snowflake has an infinite beauty which is enhanced by Nala.

The investigator, will, in all probability, never find another exactly like it. Consequently, photographing these transient forms of nature gives to the worker something of the spirit of a discoverer. Besides, combining her greatest skill and artistry in the production of snowflakes nature, generously fashions the most beautiful specimens on a very thin plane, so they are specially adapted for photo biographical study in just a minute. We are going to delve into something we haven't really touch so much yet, and that is Wilson Bentleys personal life. But first we will pause for a sponsor break. This episode is brought to you by city, millions of vulnerable american struggle to get reliable transportation to their medical appointments. That's why era apply Ba started Med Hall. She helps people in often overlooked populations, get to their appointments and get back to health city launch the

two hundred million dollars city impact fund to investing companies like Med Hall, which are developing solutions to help address some of society's most pressing challenges. The city impact fund is also actively seeking to invest in business. is owned by both women and entrepreneurs of color. By aiming to reduce inequality in access to funding their helping more people realise their visions for the low community for the love of progress, learn more about the city impact fund at city, dot, com, slash impact fund that see eye to eye dot com, slash impact fund, this episode of stuff, you mustn't history, glasses brought you buy, audible, plus all of us comes from audible, dot com and it gives you full access to the entire audible plus catalogue. What is in there, that is thousand

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was doing all of this research. In writing. He was still also working the family farm, his father died in eighteen, eighty seven and at that point his mother was largely immobile and needed a great deal of care and that care just became part of Wilson's responsibilities. He cooked for her and took care of her until her death in ninety no six, his brother, Charles after a brief foray into growing oranges in Florida that ended in disaster with a freeze and also turn to Vermont and helped run the family farm. After that point, and the farm house has basically been split. the two years earlier, when an addition had been made after Charles and Mary got married and after their pay were gone. Wilson lived on one side and his brother, his sister in law and their eight children lived on the other arm, while an entire space to one person seems like it would be the less chaotic houses old Bentley was apparently kind of a mess, so he attended to have piles of stuff

everywhere and while it looked baffling to his family, he generally is said to have known how to find things when he wanted them have matured. Bentley was a little disappointed that the people he lived alongside really never came around to thinking that his work was anything more than a silly fixation. It appears from his right that he had always really hope that the people of Jericho Vermont would see and understand that his efforts had real merit quote years ago thought they might feel different. If they understood what I was doing, I thought they might be glad to understand. So I announced that I would give a talk in the village and show lantern slides of my pictures. They are beautiful. You know marvelously beautiful, on the screen and when the night came for my lecture, just six people were there to hear me. It was free, bind you and it was a fine pleasant evening too, but they weren't interested

Bentley stopped writing for scientific publications in nineteen fifteen. After a very lengthy article, four monthly weather Review had been rejected. He continued to takes no crystal photos, though including photographing. Three hundred thirty eight snow crystals over the course of nineteen snow storms in the year. Nineteen nineteen, but then in the fall of nineteen twenty Bentley had an explosion of press coverage and got the nickname. The snowflake me and this started with an article in the New York Tribune that covered his life long career when examining and documenting snow crystals enough. Right up this one in the Boston Harold followed shortly after that, then, other and Leslie weakly and then one in the Boston Globe. The world seemed to be remember, in that way, after having forgotten him for a few years, and this time he was clearly in the spotlight he's sort of turn into an overnight sensation, but this was all based on work that has been doing for thirty five years. At this point,

yeah reminds me that big, where, like anybody, A writer will suddenly have ahead, but can be will be like what's it like to be over night sensation of their like. I don't know if it's the same thing, he was to him. It was always just work work work. He also started to become more of a science communicator for the masses. He started. Writing for non scientists and people with curious mines who just wanted to understand. The natural world theme is essentially writing for people just like himself, and his work continue to grow in popularity as a consequence, and soon he had articles in the New York Times, National geographic and popular mechanics. Eventually, this work turned into a lecture tour, while the folks of Jericho, Vermont may not have wanted to see Bentley flags in here and talk about snowflakes and raindrops. It turned out that a lot of other

both dead? He started selling his slides to schools, although he was not doing this for the money by any means. You ve never really made a lot of money out of it, and even though he was not as focused on scientific ratings, any longer belly was still following his curiosity, where it led him in the natural world. continued to track weather patterns, but he also developed a lot of other interests. He started collecting rocks for geological analysis. Am he too photos of other things that were not snow crystals, including people and flora,. and he also started doing something that sounds really odd and in today's world with undoubtedly be branded as creepy, he started catalogue being smiles, particularly girls smiles. So he would talk to girls that he met on the street if he thought they had what he called a quote: charming smile, and he seemed fascinated by the same thing in smiles

Keep was fascinated about snowflakes, no, two are alike, so this is where we get to the squarely part that smile thing of odd, but there were also people who thought his affinity for the company of kids rather than adults, was also odd. We mentioned that he loved to play music for kids, but he also did things like build them. Tree. Forts take them fishing. Sometimes he would take some of them to Burlington to go to the movies, particularly girls. This definitely got some tongues wagging about whether this was appropriate or not. Biographer Duncan see Blanche, interviewed some of the kids many years later as adults, and they defended Bentley as being excited to teach kids and to spend time with them, because they had the same enthusiasm for things like nature and discovery that he did. He had enjoyed them

so the nephew use that lived on his brothers side of a farm house than as they grew up. He seemed to take on a sort of uncle role to other kids in Jericho. Yeah. That's one of those things that comes up and nobody really has any lake. There was gossip and there were people there like no that's baseless, but we really have no idea if there was anything weird The throughout the years he gained more recognition and he was always really ceaselessly generous with anyone who wanted copies of his slides in one. Change in nineteen twenty three, a woman named Charlotte, being sent him three d: in a letter asking for photos, and he says sixty of them, along with a letter back in which he told her quote. It was generous of you to tell me how much you enjoy the snow etc photos for it gives me pleasure to learn so many are enjoying them as the photos and a wider audience and wider recognition for their beauty. He also got to see that they directly inspired other creators

and his own words. He saw them used, quote as models for designs and public schools and in schools of art. They are used for designs for interior decorators, for wallpaper for silk doily China. Any number of things, even though he had not initially been recognised for his work, at least from the science side of things, but This shift. Does he traveled in shared his thoughts on meteorology and gained a greater following then came a not insignificant gesture in recognition of those years of work, and that happened in nineteen twenty four that year, he received a grant from the american meteorological society. The first research grants that organization ever issued in nineteen thirty, an effort began to preserve Bentleys work with snowflakes in a book a physicist named Doktor, William J Humphreys, who worked for the? U S, Weather Bureau initiated the project after having received

requests for such a book over the years from people who had become familiar with the work of the snowflake Man, Humphreys started a fund raising endeavour to get the financial needs for the publication squared away and once the money was secured, which it was pretty quickly. There When donor, who pretty much covered the majority of it, it was then I'm Bentley to actually put the book together and he went through his years of snow and ice Crystal research in all of his many slides of snow crystals do and fraud. And he wrote about the ways he had classified such things and what sorts of weather phenomena can be linked to various kinds. He finish this project in MID, one thousand nine hundred and thirty one in the book titled simply snow crystals was published in November of that year, W Dot J Humphreys the preface after receiving his author, copies Bentley wrote to Humphreys quote, I received three copies of our books: no crystals the day after Thanksgiving and

I am delighted with it. The text seems to be perfect and the half tones are superb. Second December one thousand nine hundred and thirty one just a couple of weeks after holding his book in his hand. For the first time Wilson Bentley was too sick to get out of bed. He waved off the concerns of his family, saying that he would be fine, but his condition quickly got worse. Another week passed, but then Bentley's nephew call the doctor at that point it was too late. He had Pneumonia Wilson Bentley died two days before Christmas, one thousand nine hundred and thirty one at the age of sixty six. According to coverage of his funeral in the Saint Albans Vermont Daily MESSENGER Quote: Mount Mansfield foothills. Her mister Bentley had taken literally thousands of photographs. Snowflakes were blanketed in snow. The sun shone brightly from a perfectly clear sky. It was estimated that seventy five people attended bellies. Funeral service

One right up in the local press. Red quote Wilson Bentley was a greater man than many a millionaire who lives in luxury of which the snowflake man never dreamed. Bentley took more than five thousand snowflake photos in his life and their beautiful. He used the same bell. Camera from eight team abies right up until the end of his life, five hundred of those photos or in the Smithsonian collection Bentley donated them to ensure their safety. Most of his sides are cared for by the Jericho historical society. There are a few sets litter and other museum collections as well, and in twenty ten twenty six of Bentleys images went up for sale at the American Antique Shoe

Ten of them were snowflake photographs. Remember he didn't only take voters snowflakes and those snowflake photos were priced at nearly five thousand dollars each. This would have undoubtedly been quite a surprise. The Bentley who once noted in his life that he had made about four thousand dollars in total for all of his snowflake work and that he had spent about fifteen thousand doing it. You can also still by Bentleys book snow crystals. You can, in its beautiful, tell them listener mail to take us out. I do this is from our listener, Margaret the right I Holly and Tracy. I just finished your Saturday classic about Walter Potter and I love the field museum. Shout out. I live in the suburbs of Chicago and it's one of my favorite places to visit. I have always thought the placement of the Tsavo Lions was interesting there, basically under their case fully visible, but sorted out of the way like even the other exhibits are afraid of them. I went to college

town in one of the extra credit assignments. I got in an anthropology class involved going to the field and taking pictures with a bunch of specific artifacts. However, the tea who selected the art Facts was going off an old visitor something because, despite the multitude of animals, he picked a bird that was nowhere to be found. One of the art of facts we did find is the bust of an egyptian queen, who looks exactly like Michael Jackson and Margaret attests to fix your. So we could see that that europe- I haven't been there since the pandemic. She writes, but I'm eager to go back to see the space they ve made. Versu famous, for being the most complete t rex skeleton ever found she grace the main hall for years, but was recently replaced by replica of a much larger dinosaur. Sue, moved up stairs near the other dinosaurs, but was still given her own special area. I hope you have a nice holiday season. Thank you for help

Keep me saying I work retail bit in a mostly office capacity, so I turn on podcast when I'm going to be any or awhile, and yours is the first when I check for new episodes Margaret. Thank you so much for this. I always love hearing about people's love for the field, because it's one of my favorite museums. I was a little bummed. I went to Chicago in that magical sorted I feel like a. There was a part of the calendar in parentheses, where it seemed like things were getting much better for a minute, and I went there to see my best friend and we did not make it to the field that trip- and I was like. Oh, I ll come back in a couple months and I come up back so, but I cannot wait to go back because I desperately lebanese him. If he would like to write to us, you can do so at history. Pie cast an eye hurry, NEO, dark com,

You can also find us on social media as missed in history, and if he would like to subscribe, you can do that. On. I heard radio app or wherever you listen to your favorite podcast stuff. You must, in history class the production of Iheart radio for more black cats, I heard radio visit by her radio app added my cans or wherever you listen to your favorite chose to be the best version of yourself. You should build pitiful in your own skin urban high duration offers naturally inspired skin hair body and hair products that achieve beautiful results and are gentle enough for the entire family. Their products are loaded with clean ingredients that make your beauty routine, more natural, more fun, healthier and more affordable urban high duration dot com. with every purchase. One gallon of water is donated to a community in need through a partnership with water. Is life knocking

getting high school is more of a social thing, but it wasn't academic. Even all these years have passed. I still had that longing to have my department at eight thirty Caruso finished her high school, deplore If you're, even considering getting your nice, but oh you can do it, no one gets a diploma alone. If you are thinking, finishing your high school diploma. You have held by free adult education classes near you finish, your diploma dot. Org, that's finish. Your diploma dot org brought by the our General Literacy Foundation and the council outer space a vast, unknown front cheer. We don't yet know the dangers that look beyond the stars. unfortunately, for Captain Sidney, Owens engender Prescott thereabout to find out. For me December thirteen from I hope, radio and ban for productions listened to

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