Here's the thing: saving money with Geico was almost better than playing pick up basketball because there's always that guy joint, your game, ever passes the rock he constantly rex theories and who completely happy when put his hands up and say no foul, no foul with Geico. It's easy to switch, save on car insurance, no need Fagin Ankle sprain because you're absolutely exhausted, so which in save with Geiger it's almost better than sports, welcome. Stuff, you should know from howstuffworks dot com, welcome to the podcast on Josh Clark, there's Charles to be surprised, Jerry and me Josh Clark, which makes the stuff you should know. Podcast

I thought that I wrote this article and it turns out it did the site you pseudonym Stephanie Watson. Now I found it I didn't something way back in the day on our website about geothermal energy, it might have just been an update that I didn't in the feeling of violence for those pallaby how to survive shipwreck due to deal with their MILAN or to use. We need to do a bunch of like survival ones. Survival gave her while you're wearing that, like Bush hat the Safari hat yeah we're one flat goes up like the jungle guy from Georgia was. His name did much this crazy here tonight.

Crazy. I was too sophisticated shock gets. So do you know the earth is about four point: eight billion years, all its old super old. That's like so old some say it's a lot younger some people do near. Science is pretty much in consensus on the idea that about four point, eight billion youth on for about the first billion of those years. It was in a crazy state here, just Loco, basically so the whole thing supposedly formed as an accretion disk right and the trust real planets. In our solar system

which include earth. Mercury Venus Mars happen to attract the heavier elements. Elemental particles which created a rocky core eventually and then more and more stuff was attracted to this rotating gravity. Pulsing corps in the earth was formed eventually right, yet why is it was formed or forming at some point in another celestial body which just took off afterward slammed in the earth? Are we talked about the moon, Missus Allen and was formed here, just basically spit out a bunch of the earth, and then the moon formed its own little accretion disc, and then there is the moon. But when this body hit the earth they think that it melted the impact melted, the first several thousand kilometers of the earth's surface. Here, the death just melted, it hit

the hard core savory erases. I mention all this for two points: one that heat there was originally part of earth early formation, still there Oh yes, and secondly, the heat from their impact that eventually calved the moon yeah. Still there too, isn't that crazy to think that, after four point, eight billion years, the earth is still cooling down. Yeah, that's pretty remarkable, that's not so those those account for a combined about half of the he found in the earth's court. The other half is mostly from radioactive decay of isotopes in the core from these incredibly high

features and heat, the the particles actually decay and as they decay a particle soft off and when there is an imbalance in the the mass that extra masses released as heat energy source, that half of the heat in the core, but is substantial. It is forty four hundred miles at sixty four hundred clicks down. You can have the temperatures of about seventy six hundred degrees, Fahrenheit, that's the thought! That's the core baby and at that core and wasted safer friends everywhere else on earth. It's about forty two hundred degrees celsius, tripe and at that core. We're talking about rock melting and pictures creating magma, which is that melted rock right together, Magna down there, it's less dense, so it tends to rise, and we talked about

latin the volcano episode. We talked about it. Summoned the geysers episode win the lava flows, that is the magma, but when it just stay down their heads, water underground water, and that escapes sometimes is geysers. Right, sometimes is hot springs even here. Just be like an underground reservoir of really really really hot water. Yet origin stays there and that's what scalded Yo thermal reservoir is when you have, really hot water heater by Magna just hanging out down there, waiting to be used and so fifty kilometers. Now, I'm sorry this in the first ten kilometers below the earth's surface. Right, yes, not that deep. There is an estimated fifty thousand times more energy in the form of heat than there is in all of the oil.

A natural gas reserves in the world. Why fifty thousand times more energy right? Crazy because of always heat and everywhere you go on earth. You're going to find in some way shape or form. This heat that in the earth surface beneath the surface, yet So I said this way be used its not waiting to be used because it is being used in the form of geothermal energy, and that is not new. It goes back to the roman times. Ancient Romans used hot springs, the other city of bath in England, the roman town, that's right, else around hot springs right here, North America, ten thousand years ago, American Paleo, indian friends. These hot springs a bathed in them they could Denham gather your them out and, at the same time,. They re like Kramer memory, prepared that radish flower as he bathed yeah nice, but

yeah, but they used a lower sdr into the warm springs. It warm springs. Georgia at right, and the first real geothermal heating system was developed, and Boise, Idaho, here in the United States right, but before that it was developed in ITALY and love. That was actually after it, so the wonted. Always he got the first one was in Peter Lateral and so the first and we'll talk about the distinctions in a minute, but the first of the first plant was in ITALY right, so that was a geothermal energy production plant in Boise, Idaho, they used once called direct geothermal energy, which is basically where you just pipe this really hot water and use it. Green houses in the winter or there's a lot of cities that gets no on the ground that have basically radiant heat sidewalks, whether the heat from the geothermal springs, nearby pump any sidewalks streets to keep the ice from forming yeah climate, false Oregon.

They have such a system because they knew we have a cagey are a near by which is unknown. Geothermal resource area have water from about two hundred to two and twenty degrees to sitting on the ground, and they, like you, said Milburgh sidewalks, another bridges. They melted off faces out their love, anything they can with that Jug Sahara, like I said fifty thousand times the amount of energy, in the form of heat, just waiting to be used in the first ten kilometers below the surface everywhere and earth. Yet that's pretty attractive man for a few reasons, one everybody knows that fossil fuels are dirty their problematic sure they require transportation and if you think, about electrical production and in the

world. The world uses seventeen point, seven million megawatts of electricity or didn't two thousand twelve. Does he kind of electricity is most of it was produced by Gore, gas oil or call the and the whole point of all of those things? Is you burn them and you create cheat? They use that heat to heat up water, the use that water to make steam and use it. Theme to turn the turbine here we talked about this and one of our other ones, how amazing electricity- yes, that is, every everything we ve ever come up with, still comes down to trying to get that steam to turn that turbine. That's exactly right! That's right: that's why we use all these fossil fuels is to heat water, not even just fossil fuels. Nuclear power uses a radio active that we derive about it there yet and they dip in water. It hits the water plants have been vapor, spins turbine. I mean like

with geothermal energy, wanna things that makes it so attractive. As your cutting out a lot of processes. You're, you not only cutting out the need to burn fossil fuels. Your cutting our entire steps, which, over the course of the plants lifetime, can reduce the cost. This geothermal energy production year and it is caught on in a big way. I believe, they're- think twenty countries now that are using gene. Colonel Energy, the United States, is leading the way their yeah surprising. I didn't realize a year, but if you want to really seed and action, good, Iceland, the city of Reykjavik, near where, basically, the entire city is heated with those ah geothermal wells. Yet in the country of Iceland as a whole, a quarter of its energy is produced. You thermally amazing same with El Salvador. You know that I did what I thought you said did not

Gummy there, the thing is, there was worldwide about seven thousand megawatt sincere energy. Producing, don't forget you, seventeen point seven million is still pretty megawatts. It is but we'll talk about the different kinds of geothermal energy. Here's the thing Saving money with Geico was almost better than playing pick up basketball because there's always that guy joint, your game. Ever passes the rock he constantly Rex theories and who completely happy with put his hands up and say no foul, no foul with Geico, it's easy to switch save on car insurance. No need Fagin, ankle sprain, because you're absolutely exhausted. So which, in save with Geiger it's almost better than sports.

All kinds of geothermal energy, I This, as you know, there are signs Josie, Mae Man yet well. Whatever I did for this many years ago are being very turned on by one of those up in writing. I just remember thinking man. This is cool You are a critic of geothermal energy, hold your horses. We understand that these problems, with the words is talking about geothermal energy and its its prose right now, boy people get so upset about alternative fuel sources. I'd never under have gotten that you know as a lot of money at stake lot of GEO political posturing in power. In stuff at stake the world based on fossil fuels, I know, but I don't know it just as it makes sense, it seems

It would make more sense even for economies delight he lets pursue at all. Well, that's the that's. The young in outside seems to be the problem. The prevalent mindset these day there an energy policy that includes everything although I think a lot of that. Those is this kind of paying lip service to the alternative stuff, and it gives you a blank cheque to pursue fossil fuels more because you seem like you're in and a person. Yes, it's weird at this, and I know you hear something about like solar power and you think I think that need- and I know something about that wriggling thought. Aren't you think. Well, that's neat and post something about it on the location of Facebook, want people to some power such stupid. That's so Tom. Why would anyone do there was up facebook and stuff it's her brings out the worst in people, give a man a mask and he will show your face wise words. Did you make that financing? Anything that is give a man if at all,

We could even available around the block. A few can give a man a fish elite for a day teach a man to fish elite for at least two or three days ass. If the Fisher biting did you make that when I was a kid what's the teacher, I never catch fish, so it should say, teach a man to teach check the fish and he'll starve, because it is a very good at catching. A bite. Nope chatter, he'll go to Arthur teachers instead still around. I think there,

There was one an elevator remember seems like captain these really took over the market. I don't even see launch and silver say more theirs of Ceylon genes, but I mean like it's more captain decent anything. Why is it should be? Oh, are you captain? These are reliant on faint? I grew up on longer servers. They got me with the free pirate, the air. I think I, like the captain these better at its I dislike redfish- is Arthur teachers like and also ran just like those, whereas it like a little things here now. I think it was just it another chain, but heads has seen its better days get in the past. From that mistaken, I might be

Someone tell me about Arthur, treat your yes, you work at Arthur Treacherous, listen, it's alright, direct geothermal energy. That is, that is where you have one of those known geothermal resource areas, not too far. Under the earth's surface, that's like, if you're located near a place, whether these hot bulls, yeah you're, not doing anything. Fancy with that you're, just basically piping- that hot water in to say a house and using it as hot water at the house, which is what that Boise District did back in eighteen. Ninety two: you want something amazing what that geothermal, direct use plant is still heating, four hundred fifty homes and Boise today, nice, and it is not just to give you hot water, economic use, a heat exchangers incorporate into your age vat system and our

then you are using that heated water to eat your home as well and to call your home right. So that's that's a geothermal. He pump. I believe right what to heat and go near. So I think I think those are both delicate geothermal. He pump is ample direct geothermal energy. Direct geothermal energy is not necessarily dislike using hot water to heating call your house. It could also be yet exactly or you can just use the hot water directly like wash your dishes or something like that, but with like when you using a heat exchangers me this actually extremely clever, and it's it's been around for a very long time,

and, as the Green Movement kind of cod on the green movement is all their technology that starting to get re discovered, I guess, but basically visa geothermal he pump. The whole idea is that you bury it in the ground beneath your house, some pipes, a close pipes system yet closed loop and there's like in each vs ie system in your house, that circulates air say something like water antifreeze through these pipes, and it takes the heat from your house and in exchanges that, through this heat exchangers,

in the summer since it through the underground, where its cooler than it is in your house in the summer, so that that water, any freeze or whatever is called, which brings back and includes the air in your age, vs IE system, which then blows out through direct work, yeah just a few feet under your feet, underground. It's fifty to sixty degrees year round, get below the first line, which is usually about ten feet below ground. Yet and yet, if you can a synthesis, steady temperature depending on the season, especially if you have wild seasonal fluctuations work, it's really call them really hot attending on yeah

Then you can really take advantage of this. So the whole idea is, if it say, like fifty degrees in the summer time, when it's ninety degrees, if you're cooling, that liquid that's in turn, cooling, your air yeah, that's easy church but fifty degrees in the winter. That seems in own, not that much warmer, but just a little bit of warmth. That actually say twenty degrees on a particularly call day, get that heats up their air, which means that your age, vs IE system has less, has less energy to expand. The allowing further heating

the area to say seventy five degrees. You call it and assist exactly so you're still using like a lot of the same technology like Compressor and all that that you would use which, with the traditional EPA system in your home, but this the these steady temperature of the groundwater is, like you said, assisting that so you're having you using less energy and industrial energy costs are lessons well, plus it reliable. It's not. You know it's gonna be between fifty and sixty degrees all year round, all Europe, the third way that you can use. This is where the power plant like we talked about, and that is they'd like we said they generate pipe it up through the wells and they generate electricity. There are dry steam plants where they, despite directly into the generator empower right. That's I guess the easiest, the most cost efficient, yet

that's just yet. I think the one in ITALY in where Larder Ella. I think larger elevator in nineteen o four, it's still in an online, Their rates like we have the steam right. Images invites just put it turbine on top of it though it cuts out all those middle menaces, you're using the steam, naturally pretty steam underground to spend the turbine to produce. Right and obviously you have to have a great amount of luck. I guess to be located near such a place right and that's so that's considered a dry steam, Yes, then, you have the flash theme in that water between three hundred and seven hundred degrees, Fahrenheit, which is super hot. Did they draw up through a well and then use that seemed to spend the turbine a try and then there's binary cycle plant so with

you're not located over a super hot reservoir here, but you still have pretty hot water, something that will be considered like a hot springs. Typically, this is between a hundred and fifty in three hundred degree water, which is as low as are as high as a hundred and forty eight degrees celsius. Rancor. What you do is you take this and you use it to heat another liquid? That has a lower boiling point. Yeah pretty clever, then, when that liquid, with the lower boiling point, begins to boil it creates this theme that powers the turbine so again that second first would say, probably, lastly, there another one that newer, that's called, enhance, geothermal energy and basically eases fraction techniques to create a geothermal. Spot so they go in and they dig wells. They they go deposit well

They dig another well an exit, well, yeah, right and then in between those two they go in and just break up a bunch of Israel. Hot rock, where there's no water necessarily but its super hard right. Yes, and then the pump water into this hot rock. Let it heat up and then they let the hot water come back up the other, well yeah, and then they use that to create usually like a binary cycle plant and again that since the turbine, yet all about spending that turbine all about spinning turbine let's take a break here, and we will finish up with. The low down on how compared to other forms of energy out there, do you love astrophysics and

enjoy. Writing screenplays and co dream of applying your failure to agree to attack world from Iheart radio. The limit does not exist is here to help you turn your diverse interests into a custom built career, its unique and dynamic. As you are, I'm Christina One and I'm capes got Campbell. We believe when it comes to pursuing our passions you shouldn't have to do. We want to help you your curiosity celebrate your individuality and embraced, and nazi or tune in for concrete through real talk and conversations with inspiring gases were drafted, their own interdisciplinary for you. If you feel that path, may not be your only tat and you rather build your own human. Then diagram. This show is for you listen to the limit does not exist. Zadig this Iheart radio, up apple podcast or ever you get. Your favorite shows.

All right. So barrier is a good. Is it bad? Well, like everything is both land on the good side. Do things for ethics is typically good thing is the bad stuff is so rarely mentioned, You know everybody thinks, like geothermal as greens, it gets and there are like a really there's a lot of about geothermal energy, there's very green. For the most part, it emits very, very little carbon dioxide compared to fossil fuel power plant. Yes, I have some numbers on that. In fact, by the way, if you ve ever driven by geothermal plant, you see the smoke coming out. That's not smoke

water vapor. We don't get all upon your hackles. What a vapor just water vapor, which I made like this up, I couldn't find anything. What have they pose? A greenhouse gas as well, a pretty bad one, but I didn't see anything where that that was like a problem with geothermal energy all right. So here's a numbers, they did a case study of a call plant. They meaning the scientists, they decide to do or may or may not have been funded by a friend group They said they say the whole plant with scrubbers with good scrubbers, an emissions control technology, so basically a newer coal plants, and they said it admitted twenty four. I'm more co2 and almost eleven thousand times more sulphur dioxide, and about thirty, eight hundred times more nitrous oxide per megawatt, our than a geothermal steam plant and well pretty it,

That's not bad at all. However, one of the one of the concerns with geothermal is it does emit sulphur dioxide, which gives it a horrible edgy smell yes and contributed said rain, but also to emissions from geothermal pants for about thirty times lower for megawatt our than coal plants, which are the largest ass, though to source right. So that is one of them, the bad emissions other than that not a whole lot of really harmful emissions know most of the problems that come from geothermal energy production come from the fact that when you are harvesting hot water from these geothermal sources,

before they usages pumping up yells and open loop system, and they figure down much anymore right. They figured out that this is a huge waste of a resource right yeah, so they they started. Making closed loop systems where the water will be pump out, it would be used to say here mother fluid with the lower boiling point or, however, you used it to to make that vine spent? Yes, and then the water be captured and then sent back down into the were to be re, heated and used again. Super smart is very smarten in there cases, even fewer emissions in with her open loop system. The problem is, is it also leads to introduction of things like salts

arsenic, other heavy metals yeah into the groundwater supply once it comes through and makes a cycle so there's a there's. A threat to groundwater contamination using geothermal energy production is one problem with that. Another one is those hotbeds that are used, the basically use tracking techniques year, just like with tracking they can cause things like earthquakes, like massive earth sinking, there is currently a geothermal plant in Australia where the areas sunk about five feet ever since its venom production, while because you're going in your second out all the water you're breaking up a bunch of rocks that form bedrock. You know so where's our messing with that stuff. It can have seismic repercussions and I think that the noise pollution is on the plus side because they say it typically produces less noise than the equivalent of leaves rustling

from breeze that has not been a plus the the typical geothermal power plant takes about a lot less real estate. Yeah, you can do a vertical system if it suits them, area in that really doesn't use up much as far as like spreading out. What's got surface area right. This is gone straight up and down. It's a lot: less water, geothermal places, five gallons of freshwater for megawatt our compared to three, Sixty one gallons by natural gas facility is not, I run. It uses less water, even though waters the basis of the whole thing, and apparently binary air coal plants use. Zero freshwater thought that thought this down from the air from the earth yes and for the land use. I did have one more step there, A thirty year span, which is the time here they usually used to consider like the big impact of the life cycle of a system right,

They said a geothermal facilities, four hundred forts, where meters of land per gigawatt, our while coal use three thousand six hundred and thirty two square meters per gigawatt, our while the big death. You also said that they had like a net energy ratio of like for a further year, like wine input of energy. You get five in now, it is really great. The thing is the front costs are very expensive, yellow and a lot of places where it would be advantageous to start a geothermal energy production plant. They they don't have the money to set up that kind of infrastructure.

Anywhere from my one million to four million dollars for a well to be drilled, yeah in with say, like a hot rock binary system, you need to wells at least that's just for you. No one area yeah, so the upfront costs can be prohibitive and same thing goes very few. Setting up like a geothermal, he pump in your home to ya. Think it's pretty reasonable, well with government subsidies at super reasonable, now with the energy savings, they typically estimate thing pays for itself with like five years here. They are for the two thousand nine economic Stimulus recovery act. They remove the cap on heat pumps, system rebates. So now you can get thirty percent toward a qualified, geothermal heat pumps system. So even the ritual This can make out so, if you're looking at an average typical home of twenty five hundred square feet or that's a typical home geez,

the heating load of sixty thousand b to use and a growing world, sixty thousand b to use its gonna cost about twenty to twenty five grand to install yet thirty percent back and that's about double the cost of conventional heating. Cooling h back, but they reduces your bill by forty to sixty percent and it last eighteen to twenty three years, which is easily double what your standard h back will cost. You see you definite getting to make here. We back if you want to invest in some like this, it's also better than wind and solar in many ways, because you don't have to rely on the sunshine or the wind blew right. It's twenty four, seven, three, sixty five! That's the thing is dependable It's also typically consider renewable. Although they figured out that you have to take measures to sustain a production plant you can't just pump all the water out. You have to make a closed system here, but even if you do use closer,

the the the area can cool off for well for a time like the one in ITALY has seen a twenty five percent reduction in steam power over since the nineteen fifties, because the the geothermal reservoir beneath a has been cooling, see basically after like take it easy on it. You headed like little gently in yet. Apparently, you can use if you're putting in a system not just for your home but like a plant in other things, can we go on there? It can be a golf course. It can be. A horse trading facility It can be what else's lands where a cemetery well, maybe not a secondary, because it people and get very below the frost. Finally, isn't it varied succeeding, but my family, her third addressing

A lot of people say boy just takes up too much land. What, if you don't have a lot of land? You cannot actually build a vertical system where the pipes is go straight down rather than flat beneath your house, and you will have it. In effect, it right the lesson. I have yours The world's largest facility called the geysers consensus, go right, yeah seventy miles north of San Francisco and may a chemist mountains Comic Alpine, It is forty square miles long and it powers fourteen plants and then the things been around for a while. Seven hundred twenty five megawatts of electricity it creates and if the power seven hundred and twenty five thousand homes or a city like San Francisco though it meets the power needs of Sonoma waken me sooner counties and oceans of marine and never unsatisfied almost sixty percent of the average electricity

man in the North coast region, there is a golden Great Bridge golden Gate, bridge the Oregon, yes neck, raising the so perfect pretences met there all over this stuff. That's great. They got nothin alpha. No man. May my dear Rosa each vs, IE engineer. He be pretty proud of this. One yeah you pointed out, will probably who parliament listened, but still he D. What's it show you do again? If you want to know more about geothermal energy, can take those words in the search bar has therefore come and, I said first somewhere in their needs. Go organ donation follow up experts, as he says, hey guys, I'm a donation specialist at an opium, an organ procurement organization in the northeast no one for about eight years and the biggest concern I haven't you show was.

Donation was incorrectly grouped together with whole body donation. There definitely not the same thing donation for science. Research is completely different them tissue donation for transplant. It's. U donation should be and is grouped together with organ donation, phone skin, heart valve and vascular tissue are both lifesaving enhancing gifts meant for recipients. In fact, many register to be a donor the envy or an online database you read string is an organ and Gunnar, not a whole body donor. Secondly, there ITALY is better oversight, regulation and protocol four tissue FDA, a Tv American Association of tissue banks, but that's a fine now yeah, the EPA, the eye banks, association, members, some of those governing bodies, albinos in tissue banks or have a strict standards, including site visits and annual audits.

Lastly, I encourage you both to do some further research into tissue donation be careful, much perpetuate interesting, misconceptions, sky, Those in this is from Josh Brennan, the guy wrote in and was I I see, were Josh's going, but he's got a backwards. He said too much regulation on the organ side, seven thousand, Will your die because of the over regulation? Many indeed make it all for money, and he wasn't. He was like source, the bunch of academic The medical and academic communities are the ones making the coverlet there's like it's not like a bunch of free market Zella. Trumps not come for now. He is like doctors and scientists are saying this out. I guess that's the reason I saw fit.

Want those things in the earth, because I saw that one of the outcome from whole body donation could be the harvesting of your parts for sale and well that funds for transactions, legal or illegal or grey market? The that's! What the guy! The first I said is the grey market is there. It's so heavily regulated. People are dying because they can't get the stuff so their willing to go pay. He said, if you take out need, if you give the demand that illegal supply will have to be there, I mean- maybe maybe that's the case as well, but I don't know, I think I think they're giving greater put him aside from the seven thousand. People die every year waiting Thank you very much for writing in Josh job.

And the Duma, the other deepening. Now the nautilus masked author attracted thanks for letting us know video it. You want again said to this. You can t tell us it s my escape. I can't join us on Facebook that complex studies. Now you didn't say Can you mail to stop? I guess that has the horse I come from is always to answer their home on the web. Stuff is no doc

for more or less and thousands of other topics as it has suffered. Stockholm was your first musical memory for some of the first constantly ever tended premiums, quest lovers, legendary, its crew and those of the kind of questions I want to get. The answers to questions of supreme of Supreme is my weekly past parameters Supreme, sit down, no it out with her favor creators and thinkers and find out what makes them green and you'll learn something. That's a really good. Listen closely Supreme Review at Apple pie, death wherever you get your blog