You at Lexus their greatest curiosity. Is you because the most amazing machines are inspired by machines, their inspired by people? That's why Lexus ask different questions, better questions, more human questions, like? Can you see with your here's an answers are is inspiring as you are, which may leave you with one question, what amazing ideas will inspire? You next discover the answers at Lexus dot com. Slash. Curiosity alright everybody. It's chuck here, it's Saturday, and you know what that means. It's time for a stuff. You should know, Select episode curated by me this about igloos, how much fun right four March, twenty nine two thousand eleven and others should be landing here in the winter is well single out bill. Igloo yourself, that's what I say but be safe while you're doing it finance assert our member enjoying this one. Quite quite a lot. So I hope you guys, like it

Welcome to study should know how stuff works doc, welcome to the Pakistan Josh Clark with means always is Charles, the beach bright hello and makes this. Now, I threatened by some in the wrong place under the weather. Still just sick as I was when we recorded fainting goats- guess not ten minutes ago. Yes, so Chuck hasn't been sick all week please be a couple days ago clear if you have a robust immune system for a man of your age, remember when you are actually sick for weeks and weeks. I can hear one year and I think, like eighteen, podcast screwed up, because those just could not better use desert. Those are the unhealthy data. You pleaded much healthier life so much much healthier Hannah. You not wouldn't need to check you into the sanitarium like we had to back in the day. I'm ok

I'm not I've gone over my consumption. Hopefully you will very soon. I had read the all faith that you were so Chuck while we're waiting for you to recuperate. I have I want to talk to you about technology, specifically from the oldest technology known to man. Clothes clothing is technology. So I think so, but it is Chuck, We need more than anything else, the thing that define, and humanity is our desire and our ceaseless striving to become more than more than human to take ourselves out. Of the rat race of evolution. The crap you'd, have genetics yeah into basically take hold of our biological destiny. Right, we sorted did that were clothing, many many many years ago. Yes, so that's that's! What we do we use. Acknowledging to do that and clothing was why the earliest ones, because we are subtropical species humans are yet that's supposed to live and really cold places right, but we

we ve managed to migrate from you know somewhere near the equator. Can run around without close yeah to slash what they call the sexy pockets to some colder climbs thanks to close, along the way we figured out that we could use hammers and you stones for cameras, other tools and we figured out that we could build arson. Shelters, make things warm on the inside right. So eventually, over the years we figure out enclosed heating systems and they now Thanks to all this, we have Swedes right, involve us and Volvo's. Thanks to the Swedes, The technology of all those are a direct result of the technology of clothes and weird way, you're exactly right, but somewhere along the line? There was a branch of that linear development of thought and talent of technology all the way to enclose shelters that how Swedes, where

Somebody figured out that you can make an enclosed shelter out of blocks of hard packs. Now, and we know those today as igloos. Yes, And you know the annual colleague Louis Igloo, Igloos France, with its has requested that a good that's a great. There was a good to know, because the has in your word, for what I believe it means snow house. So the inmates among like the most pragmatic speakers, planet every cut yeah. They call their snow houses igloos right. That just makes our sense when I met the canadian Tundra Josh and they teepees and castles and other things were being built were all well and good. If urine and Europe or a few are in warmer climate would say, like the Florida Panhandle, you don't have a thirty to fifty feet of ice, the cornerstone exactly, but if you're in the canadian tundra, those

really good options so snow hard facts now became the the masonry. If you will for the internet, Let's go and get this eskimo thing yet Eskimo and in you are one and the same. There are two different terms for the same group of people these people who inhabit areas spanning from Siberia to Alaska, Canada, Greenland, a thirty Five hundred mile range right near, which makes them the most widely spread aboriginal group on the planet yet regional for them, you don't know, doesn't just refer to the aborigines Australia has any any any any deleted indigenous the first people in that region. Yes, it would be aboriginal, yes, That was the one idea pushed around by the European average in August and if you want to insult in you. You just go ahead, call them and ask him up

currently supererogatory term, because it was a term that the man gave is another tribe. Was it yeah, but it was. Outside group. I was just figure to heighten Yes, I was another group name them Eskimos, which was thought to mean, eaters of raw meat or Rob Lubbers. What I've heard is when Rob Lover, but then they later thought that ask a moment to nets snowshoes to build shoes and linguists can't prove it, although that's kind of what they think, but in the glory that is language things, king from their original meaning to a popular meaning and its old meaning is meaningless. It's only what people think or you right right, which is how Ella well is a word, the train love. So We're gonna refer them refer to them is anyway, because that's the that's the way to die We do want to alienate anybody know, especially the internet, because they are tough people yeah,

They have survived for many many many years in a condition. That. Don't seem to be survivable especially way back in the day, but they made it through right and a thriving actually too will get to that in a second yeah. I was surprised to see that by Chuck a couple of other facts about these into it. Which means the people right, so the colors, no houses igloos, they call themselves the people right. It's just that. It's very spare I could have been a good anyone. I think I think so too. Keeping simple fall down, vote, so they don't they. They have never really established a formal system of government The family is generally the the center of the community, yet the class system males the figure had yet no class assumes pretty cool, and basically, if you are a boy, you're Hunter,

If your girl, you marry a hunter and hopefully produce more boy hunters, because the everyone's equally responsible coming up the food- and I imagine every family is is is that's. What's that mean every families equally responsible for contributing to the food in the community area, so the more boy hunters, the better, so fascinating group, yeah. They have never lived. Igloos, permanent shelters, her will you important intervention hunting, because clearly, if you are living on the arctic Tundra, there's one thing you're probably not gonna have, and that is a vegetable garden so there, very coniferous as a people, they'd do a lot of hunting. They. Lot of hunting of seals, yes, which is probably they were called blubbering readers and where there are seals, is going to be a lot of ice sea ice leads to another peculiar trait of the into it

soulier, meaning unique, remember, sitting yes, Kai against member talked about, then the webcast like a long time ago. I remember that in everything was off in the middle of it and like it was Guy Kawasaki Oh yeah, I and I wrote a blog posts- are anything like, as I was saying before us cut off entire gangs. Is this: it is a condition specific. Only too new. It were in males to where you become afraid of going out to hide seals, Kayak, usually following an episode where you ve been up for several days, the sun. Very rarely see said because it summertime right is the only time he winked when you can hunt seal really, ok So you have a lot of sense of time. You're completely without any landmark. A reference points all does horizon and sea ice right, so you thou lebanese and no bearing no sense of time and you

goes off and wake up and you have now, idea how long you been asleep? How far you have drifted. You may be out there drifting for the rest of your life and will you find do. Finally and again, you make your way better community and you become terrified at the thought of getting back in a car again. Try again, to have no specific going to the end. You remember that at all the severe will you shall be. My blog posts are usually an inkling, but that doesn't ring true for me So the issue it did not live in English Josh, as he said. That is not true. People might think that dumb and you at tribes who said it was all over the place, and that was our house. They were really hunting, shelter, yeah. It's like a hunting conflict gum, Robin Williams, fishing, camping, insomnia,. Now. He was certainly also know nutty because of no sleep in to your son. Now, while Patino yeah, that's right now stressed for no one, you know he's just amazing near other Europeans

and problems rent, it was really just tell em page here get her out of moving you're. Ok, it was even heard necessarily other I'm not a big fan of hers. I think she's she's a good actress in anything, but I'll, never forget for Juno, but it was more her character like clear. The character was put in afterward because the producers were like studio. Exactly like way was going on, so they rode in Ellen Pages character, gambling everything everybody at each step so that you can keep up with this really dense movie

Love gimme wound about their own, this important section around what does your first musical memory or the first out or that first contact, my name's quest level

legendary roots coup- and those are some of the things I want to know about, when I am a team supreme- sit down with the gas for new episode of my Party S, question Supreme, we chat with favour creators and thinkers, and we find out what makes them great, not about gotcha journal is running at the mostly story, although they are not those of some spills. Geologists table really about analogy allowances and the hours upon hours of work. That goes on not only when the spotlight, Mr Doorn, but also on my way to what it was in the course of supreme on the iron radio at Apple podcast. Wherever you give your pocket

Where, where we the, then you its day were hunting camps like we said, and there still around today, and they are booming, it not igloos. Actually, there are not quite as common, but that they did a study. You who assist the Human Rights Programme in Canada in Canada. Department of Canadian Heritage said that there could be as many sixty eight thousand DE around today in their booming- it not igloos. Actually there are not quite as common, but that they did so, who is this? The human Rights Programme in Canada in Canada, parliament of canadian heritage, said that there could be as many as sixty eight. Thousand four hundred anyone in Canada by Twin Seventeen and nineteen o six are only forty one thousand and change so on their booming as a people per year, so their thriving

not entirely accurate, that I'm sure, but they did kiss with their noses era yeah, but it was, you would put your know your nostrils to the face, usually around like the cheeks right below them. So you know like rubbing the Tipp, your nose, it keep, it is its not entirely accurate, I m sure, but they did kiss with there. Yeah, but it was you put your know: you're nostrils to the face, usually around like the cheeks right below the eyes on the You would put your nose to love ones, face like that and inhaled deeply, and that was that's the real eskimo kiss or in your case interest. And they had a wrong there. He knew how to write the French They figured out narrowness like oh yeah, this the way to catch forget that no stuff oh, I must talk about igloos for second Nokia through built out of blocks of ice.

They are not built out of the kind of snow that you probably have in your front yard, in Ohio in the winter it depends on how well it was, although other added to those it is what it s like: seven feet, Tall LISA Tooth and its it's like really well constructed he's sitting on top of it, and it's not caving in. If I built in ITALY that you know it would last very long pretty cool there he's right. Well, I should pose this. I'm gonna go your matter. That is what is it seven feet tall These are huge and it's it's like really. Why? constructed it he's sitting on top of it and it's not caving in. If I built an English, you know it would last very long. Pretty cool their backyard, no higher to yeah. Gray day. Leafless trees everywhere near in his buddies, clearly had enough Boardman

I'm the bill this latter equal to Alex Shriver near awesome ass. He listened Irena, I hope to hear he listens and I told him I had to do. We have the posts that he's gonna write back into doubt mention the igloo, don't they always her here so Chuck, even though like come see, hunting expedition went out or even a single hunter went out in built in igloo that that it wasn't just the single igloo. Every single time were. Sometimes they live in them for longer periods of time, more people, legend group and they would actually I'm create com out of igloos. By now, melding under gather the reading Walkways Breeze waste Rico, and there are some that basically igloo cities that came about where you that I think they would have a halls for banquets lesson in like balls and stuffily, like in your balls held in

while enabling a big, a large igloo, pretty cold out another said no idea, always picture just that the single and also thought they lived in them. So this was this when I was just going to Toto we should probably also our dislike bussing. Things left and right. Chile will, I have a little penguin from you is secure. Wants to under refresh my memory clearly really they gained on his very cute. He wasn't I I thought he would be mischievous or I remembered and being mischievous like when you were Becker right. Who is a jerk right? No Chile Willie was very helpful. Cute sweet little baby penguin in his life igloo the typical eagerly that you think of it down with like a rounded entryway, pretty much dead on yeah, but it looks like you're, your cousin. They don't come your cousin in law, looks like he, he knows he knows what is certainly a Alex the automatic noise a nephew us are yet

nothing. I didn't ask either so that the other problem is well. Chile will use not accurate, but cute, nonetheless, no but the igloo he built was accurate, that right now in Josh, since we're talking to lose Here's. Here's what a knife person might say why in the world, if you're free cold out in Alaska. Would you build a room out of ice and snow to sit in near how warm could that be? It would take somebody pretty naive, to say something like that, though Hyena, how warm it could be up to forty degrees warmer than it is outside of the ugly buddy? Yes M, why chuck? Where these furnaces coming from well your body for one yet given body, is a pretty good for it. Yeah and when down the Winchell. You gonna take a big bite out of the cold me put, couple of warm innua bodies in their and imagine these are big tough deeds. Anyway, there probably dislike exuding warmth. Little

it'll mean irradiate out in insulate the igloo or insulate that heat in traps, the heat. So I mean if you're talkin, negative forty degrees. That's really cold, but if you could bring that up to zero that still call, but it ain't like negative forty, which is the same in Celsius in Fahrenheit near the point, so the snow is an insulator right, yeah it cuts down on the on the wind The melting of the other thing to yeah win win you, Building a glue in don't worry, we're about to give you step by step. Instructions on how to in England, we should get Alex on the foreign Aerial Ebro at the very least, to give if I am right wing building igloo you these sign when it does come or without about the whole time

Finally, during the day, it'll heat up enough, possibly to melt some rephrase it night, which is what you want melt referees and you you, your body he'd also may melted from the inside out some and then, when you go out to hunt it'll rephrase every time more likely. Only the more likely scenario. So this some thought in freezing and thawing and freezing basically turns the igloo into this really strong and insulated structure and bought a boom. By being you get yourself in insulated, placed a fish Yes, Sir Lyster bogged down when your fishing, yes, don't think America has ever gone back to the way that it was before nine eleven and the anthrax attacks. The fear was really that there would be a second wave of attacks,

and then along comes the DC steeper and all of the countries worst fears are realised. The gunman, mostly Leah. Skilled marksmen fired six times in the course of sixteen hours and then ass. The juicy sniper case unfolded that terror boldly group. She found out this terror court in this message to police, the police say, have never had a crime, quite like this quite a mystery, I do believe he was brainwash the lack of a better terms. It was scary to go to the grocery store, Philip, your car with gas. It was actually brilliant, say, mother. What the house. This was the most intense man Hunt in american law enforcement history. Listen to monster. Deasey sniper on the eye. Hard radio, app Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast.

Two Josh area. The point where we are talking about a building Lou we can delay it any longer. Oh, we can ok, but humans. Igloo exert kind of out of fashion with the emu at these days, you're not as common by their Becoming increasingly common ETA ski resort, apparently the f, if you're such a ski junkie, and that you want to just basically wake up roll out of bed of putting your squeezing start skiing immediately. They have, lose usually on the slopes You can read igloo villages You can run and igloo overnight or for as long as you say, they're pretty sweet or, if your you know, feelin squirrel, you can build. One yourself today is at a site where it is. If you, if you before, like your cousin in law,

could take us a little was an hour. If you don't know what you're doing it could take six more young. I want to ask Alex actually how long it took, because the first pictures are our night. So clearly, then longer than a few hours. Yes, I get when I that someone could build an hour. I don't know, but I don't believe that I'm pretty if you were raised as an inn, now- and you were- I dont- know in your twenties I'll bet- you could build a and igloo in an hour yeah. Maybe so it looks like Alex in his buddies use data a tub like a shallow plastic tab heck this, no doubt at all that smart inform the blocks yeah, so the way we're gonna teach you how to do. It requires a snow shovel which looks an awful like a dry wall notice, no shovel does requires no show, but it's no saw yes, it lacks an awful lot like a dry Warsaw. Indeed, and sickly, you wanna, go, find some ice. Like you were saying you, normally wouldn't find ice us! No, that's just fallen. It's gonna work for an igloo.

You want to find em whitish hard pact like this more solid, the better yes now and what I want to do with that snow Chuck. While you want to use a little saw, you want to cut large blocks. I guess you can vary this but they recommend in the complete. In his training, either recommend three feet: long fifteen inches high eight inches deep, but when you get your boy, you want to start building. You know, put your foundation in a circle and start building, that foundation working your way up as you go deep, missing in size as you go, and you also have to it at a slant. Obviously, are you just gonna have a ice block tower and not a domed roof correct yeah yeah you um you wanna shape. The slightly user, but you also want to make the blocks decrease in size as you get bigger decrease

yet our and overlap see you did summer some brickwork in it's sort of the same principle there. I never built anything that was tall enough, that I had a really build it back to stagger it, and when I did, it was like the pre made castle rock wall. Yet it's designed it set back part it. It should support itself if you ve done it right, but you can always use sticks on the inside to support it temporarily until you get the dome complete and then it's all pressing against each other and then added finish off of it with the top. Well, you want to take it them exactly very super strong structure, so it s your building, nursing and that you start to make the dome part it. It should support itself if you ve done it right, but you can always use takes on the entire to support it temporarily until you get the dome complete and then it's all pressing against each other and then added finish you of it with the top. Well, you want

you take a chunk of ice you. What you're going to have? Is this a perfect dome with some variation of a perfect down? and there's gonna be a central role in the top right, yeah secular Jimmy. Yes, but you actually want to plug this one. That's right. That's is one chimney. You wanna plot and you take you cut another box, it's gonna be bigger than the hall, and you want to shape it so that it basically fits this. This whole that's left over, which should be something like an octagon, maybe roughly yet the Atlantic and you want to fit fitted in their perfectly. You gonna cut it. It put it in their swords in their perfectly packed in their because This is bigger load bearing keystone. Basically, yes, as long as that things intact, everything else should be fine right, you'll lose that you're. In a large and then, after that you are ready to start insulating. It filling in the cracks want to shovel snow on top of the Rhine.

And the loose snow. That is what you want now you want to work with it yet and you're going to you, some insulated gloves on your hands or us you're, going to lose your hands to gangrene in a few days, frostbite sure and you fill in the cracks with the snowy just kind of move it over with your hands near so that the snow packs into the cracks and all of a sudden, the sum separate block pattern is lost and you have a basically a smooth dome. Yes, is what you're going for? You at the end. It's it's a lot harder to try and build a door into your thing. It's easier just to build the dominant cut your door out. Guess after it's finished as a good point, and a lot of people a true efficient, the igloo would build. What else shaped entryway tunnel yet has allocated, on the wind coming and even more jack is the wind has to turn a corner. That's right! So you cut that whole

and whatever shape you want, whether a key shape or a lot of people use like a tent shape in a frame yeah and you, then you cover with blocks you make leg in entryway, shelter. Basically, and then, like you said you, you might wanna put it as an l, and then you dig a hole in the snow so that you can get into it, but basically your kind of crawling into the entryway it looked like right and then after that, you get inside and there's a very vital step that you might not think of yes, and that is drilling air holes. Yes, because once you ve packed it full of loose snow and it some it's basically more. Third and you that's the thing melts in thousand freezes and thousand phrases and becomes even there's always structure. If you dont have Airhole you'll suffocate and die. Yes, Usually, if you do something like bring a camp stove or a common lantern, or that kind of thing you in there,

We don't want to see that happen. No and I dont even know that we should recommend bringing stove at all yeah, which this article says you can As you have enough air holes for ventilation, disabled it for fun and keep the noxious view. Out of it, yet how together yeah, I should say that this article also specifically says that it is in no way shape or form. I meant to be a comprehensive guide to building in a glue. It's the basic, where there are some good how to further. So, if you want to check it out for some really good illustrations as how stuff works is lousy with right, so That's a pretty glues. They are everything we thought they were and more yeah. You know a lot of times. You think oh I'll, betcha, that it's just aren't rotation that you see in the movies. I all these things, but they really do look just like that in their built. Just like that, and not a lot of surprises here, which kind of reassuring in a lot of innocent makes me feel good.

So I guess, if you want to catch up on your chile, Willie, we don't blame me. I found plenty on Youtube: he's adorable, more better, more butter, Morcerf, Mercer, murmur Thou in Scotland. I know it's a parquet commercial now be sure of that well check out the chilly Willie and be sure to go onto, has to work that common typing igloo. I e g o o o and is going to bring up, cool step by step, illustrated I'd to. Building your own igloo sons, camp stove with Airhole did I say, handy search bar just it ok wilderness after listener mail here, this is so much a male with some. I want to mention a long time ago, and can I forgot remember the last straw part gas? Yes, do a quick recap: the vote. A lifestyle is yes, the last straw a portable device for purifying water and its cheap.

Easy to hang on to at last for a two year and if you're in a place, it's infested with guinea worm you still a drink but you don't want any worm. Lifestyle helps and I think the wrote Europeans are big into I'm getting them all over the world. They are and so is Stephen Niemann. Stephen rode on our Facebook law after the last straw? I guess that pre blown away by this thing he thought sprinkle invention and it here, He and his company are the result of this progress. There. He is going to donate a minimum of Six thousand lifestyles this year, twenty eleven nice six thousand, and asked us reminded us mentioning this. He said not at all, company, is eleventh hour, search in Ex Andrea Virginia to very small staffing firm, so silent, like even some huge company. That's doing this and I said his wife works in Haiti for the: U S and

he is right now and if he still is in a while ago, and they like the podcast on haitian voodoo and so good on your brother donating six thousand. Eurostat is awesome, yes to this the road is more than awesome. I mean that's what you're the teacher I would say so You get the matter now. I've seen they'll but feels right near right and send us here. You mail, Stephen, a new teacher, its. I started six along the edge of this at last Michel Rocard going chuck If you are saving the world, we want to know how, because we want to send your teacher if you saving the world in a verifiable, an inspirational manner in it. Panic, fashioned yeah. You can go under Facebook, page Facebook, that consular stuffy should know you can tweak to us as why escape podcast. You can send an email, stuff podcast how stuff works.

Com for more on this and thousands of other topics. How stuff works that com? What moorhouse of words check out our blogs on the house of works? Not come homepage when billionaire James Morelli invited his family to a desert retreat. He planned on pick the successor to his fortune, but the restored weekend goes awry when James is found dead following a meditative sound bath, can you solve which one of his family members wanted a seat at the table so badly. They kill fired by true crimes solve as the world's first interactive murder mystery podcast. That pits- you was the lead detective to begin your investigation had on over to the Iheart Radioactive Apple, pod, gas or wherever you get your podcast one crime for suspects, can you solve it.