Let's talk about the big are retirement. You ve got questions, concerns and fears, but you don't have to tackle retirement planning alone tee. I a has one goal, your financial well being let tee. I hope you create a saving strategy in ensures the retirement income you want and need find out if you are on track, learn more t I a dot org teachers. Turns and a new area sosius in new york, new york issues, lifetime anew at ease guarantees are based upon tee. I s claims pain ability from your times. I like about this the daily more than fifty years ago, the united states outlawed psychedelic drugs. Now in a major shift state in cities across the country are moving to legalise them, as a medical treatment to my colleague, Andrew Jacobs. Listen

Change of heart has a lot to do with it. Asking for these drugs. it's Wednesday february. Twenty second, any tell us about this. Woman Juliana mercer end her path to these medical treatments that you have been reporting on. So Juliana is forty amendments diego, but she went to high school in arizona. I was in my senior year of high school. I had a track scholarship and was now go to college. she and her run and did she was letting her local strip mall in arizona and noticed all these military recruiter offices- I was bored and curious and when

and she wandered in and started talking to the various recruiters. the last office in ro was the marine corps office and I knew what the army and the navy in the air force was but didn't know them. core was, and She ended up talking to the marine corps recruiter and everything that he told me about being a marine was something that I wanted to be, and that day I I sign on the dotted line and committed to going to boot camp By the end of that conversation, she has signed up and soon after finishing boo camp. In nine eleven happen, I walked. The towers fall I hadn't even checked into my first unit yet and in two thousand five shoes deployed to Iraq, and she saw a lot of the disturbing and her time their day in and day out, I saw the true cost of our

you're being at war after about six months, to transfer to a military hospital san diego there she worked with soldiers who have been horribly injured in the war. I'm working marines that were mostly very, very young and missing multiple limbs coming back with us injuries, post traumatic stress, working with them to help them reintegrate back into a life post injury. She was doing with these young men and women who were sort of in the palm of her life and we're not only physically sort of named, but also emotionally very scarred and damaged, so we had lot of injuries alot of brain. trees, which were really new to us and a lot of post, traumatic stress which

haven't really dealt with before in mass. So after five years working at that malta, hospitals, india, diego she was sent back to the battlefields, you went to a Then in two thousand and ten I deployed to home and afghanistan, and there was there that she really start to experience some of these evil, half a sort of psychological repercussions of are the previous four years, our work and really shortly I got there started hallucinating, that some of my wounded marines were out there and I would see them walking towards me and she said that she would see soldiers that she thought, or the very many women she'd been working with. The hospital san diego, and I would get really scared and like run towards them and asked them like thinking at that as one of my guys that was you know an amputee here and say why,

you hear, and then I'd get closer and realise that it wasn't them that I was hallucinating, and so I realized really quickly that something was wrong and at the same time she was continuing to experience a lot of horror, soldiers being killed it. We would have these ceremonies where you'd go out to the flight line and pay final respects to coffins that were covered with flags draped over them, and I eventually lost pack of how many coffins that I had saluted and ass. She tells it for she was wrong The following all up. and then she returns the? U s, and can you see it finds herself sort of an mord

around twenty eighteen? Twenty nineteen I've found myself in a place where I didn't have purpose depressed or anxious was just not really able to function in civilian life right, all of which seem like pretty classic signs of ptsd if I started talk therapy and that helped a little. It's not like she ignored these. These problem. She did go to see a therapist. She was being treated for depressed and but didn't, really alleviate the suffering she was experiencing. This wasn't moving the needle farming in helping me to connect with what the actual problem was and that's when she turned to psychedelic acts Also it was a. It was a really high dose of a soul, Simon called a hero's dose, so she took a single dose of souls have been mushrooms, also known as magic mushrooms in her home

either you are, and I am ass. You listen to music, and do you allow it do all a civil servant eyes The way she describes it is it really lifted the veil on her depression and things, I, what I was able to do was to just finally feel Those emotion that had been stuck inside, like it was a luxury. reliving her past trot. It was more like she just had a new perspective, every time unable to cry when we saluted a marine that way going home in a coffin. Every time that I was unable to show that I was upset and having. bessie for my marines that were struggling, you figuring out their prosthetics and

their family life, and all of those things that had been stuck inside of me because I never gave myself the opportunity to actually feel them. I was able to release them through crying for hours and hours, but she describes is really just an enormous look, pent up emotional release that everything that had been bottled up a previous few years. That one session overnight, Twenty years of that collected trot and grief and pains is completely left my body. I woke up and. look in the mirror and didn't recognize who I saw. I was connected to reconnect to my loving, joyful, authentic self, and it was summer

Is that I hadn't seen in a really long time- and I just looked at myself- has like what just happened to me so any help you understand what kind of mechanically was happening to giuliana when she took this single dose of psychedelic mushrooms and why it allowed her to access all this grief. That seemed to have been locked away for so long. But one thing I'll say is that the science on psychedelics is still sort of evolving and there's a lot scientists don't understand about the mechanisms outside of dogs. But the most experts would say that it promotes on what is called neuro plasticity, which is essentially a real wiring of the brain, because what

happens in a lot of mental health conditions, depend anxiety, ptsd ptsd, your thinking gets stuck inside of a loop and most experts would say what psychedelic do. Is they help you should a break zat loop and allow you to see your life. And your experiences and your trauma from an entirely new perspective right. So if a person is stuck on an image or a self doubt that just looping and cycling the idea of alas, sticky here is that suddenly it's giving you the space to step outside of that experience, something different. What type of dogs do as they sort of allow you to stand on the side almost and dispassionately

Look at those experiences, those traumas and allows you to revisit and process and talk about them and think about them in in a way that doesn't cause debilitating pain and anxiety, which is exactly what giuliana said happened to her yeah. That's right for her. It was such a revelatory experience. It was so profound that she decided she was going to spread the gospel as a war and bring these compounds to other people, but there's one pesky problem and that is under a federal law. These drugs are all illegal, the My research I found out that this was not always the case, and, With a time when there was a real, thriving field in psychedelic research. In the u S and the result

were really promising until the federal government shuddered all down order it back. business success. Where's thinking beyond today, that's why eighty pieces data driven insights to design hr solutions to help your business have more success tomorrow, ATP always designing for hr talent, time benefits, payroll and people. I'm governors, errant user newton, we're technology. Reporters,

hosts of hard fork. A new show from the new york times are hard. Work is a programming term for when you're building something big, it's really screwed up, so you take entire thing, break it and start over and that's a little bit what it feels like right now and the tech industry like, these companies that you and I have been writing about for the past decade, there all kind of struggling to stay relevant yeah. I'm a lot of the energy and money in silicon valley, is shifting to totally new ideas, crypto the matter verse ay. I isn't a real turning point and all this is happening so fast. Some of it's so strange. I just feel like I'm texting, you constantly like what is this story? Explain this to me, We're going to talk about these stories, we're gonna bring in other journalists, news makers, whoever else's involved building this future to explain to us what's changing and why it all matters hard fork from the new york times. Listen wherever You got your podcast, so anyhow

understand when and why these kinds of psychedelic treatments become illegal in the united states. I think of helpful. The first look at how these drugs first came to the? U s in the nineteen forty is a swiss chemist was experimenting with another psychedelic compound lsd and ingested it and honored by cried homes or to experience The full effects of compound the weirdest with brass was wonderful by great in history, tat S, it sounds like it, and he was so taken with that experience and the promise that de could have for mental health conditions that he sent it to.

universities around the world to encourage other researchers to do experiments and This really sets off the goal. an age of psychedelic research and what does that era? Look like area. Part of an interview with a subject just before l b, is to be administered There was just a flourishing of studies and research. Everything, and I can I can I can. I can going on all across the world, but especially in the united states and canada. and researchers were experimenting with patients who had range of mental health conditions from depression too, anxiety to alcoholism. After all, the years of us looking for this secret drug. This was

only thing they began to look for the first time I get might be something like that It seemed these drugs were going to have this proof. Found impact on the field of psychiatry and then the drugs leaped out of the lab at into society. There's been no oh generation and young americans who were the time protesting the vietnam war. Your vision check, worried IRAN really braced these drugs, two men with natural things. I got your shoes get back into We ve got harmony and They became an integral part of the counter of cultural movement and making it can tell us for crazy, and we can say we anything anything

and a real catalyst for deeper I will change america's public enemy number one. In the united states is drug abuse, and that alarmed the powers that be in order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new all out offensive is it really Nixon became so alarmed by the sight of me home, hundreds of thousands of young people protesting the war in vietnam that he became convinced that the These drugs were

The fuel that was propelling this anti war movement. I have asked the congress to provide the legislative authority and the funds to fuel this kind of an offensive, Nixon declares a war on drugs and in nothing. Seventy at his behest congress passes the controlled substances act which effectively ban these compounds by putting them on the list of the most serious it's illegal drugs and while the goal was to criminalize recreational use, it also shut down research. So the government's response to what it saw as really out of control recreation, No use of these drugs is too so thoroughly crackdown on all of its uses that it even shuts down medical treatment using second alex, so the idea of them as a medicine,

that can really help people with mental illness becomes collateral damage yeah and funding dries up universities. So they can do this kind of recent anymore, too risky, and so really ushered in a period. where most of the research ends up happening underground. He and what does that look like, given the risks of using it drug well. It was mostly left to a small band of renegade researchers, basically who continued during this work, who were able to obtain these drugs Elizabeth ii and

They continue doing research because they believed in the promise of second alex and decide. It was too important to just put on ice so that the situation for almost fifty years until two thousand and seven in which is when the food and drug administration grand something called breakthrough therapy status to the compound. Andy I may, which is a better known as ecstasy which quickly allowed the first sort of government sanctioned research trials on a psychedelic drug, free and re, opened the door to widespread medical research on psychedelic compounds for mental health condition, and one of the groups said: there's really benefiting from these. Studies. Are veterans

which makes sense given how widespread phenomenon ptsd is among veteran. So what are some of the results of these studies one recent study with M dna, for example, that a patients ptsd found that, two months after the treatment, two thirds of those patients no longer qualified for a ptsd diagnosis wow. So the patients in those studies are showing results that look kind of lake, a cure. Yes- and he has this research, especially since it has picked up in light of the FDA, is special status for psychedelic has approved used evidence of meaningful risks or drawbacks to psychic alex as a medical treatment. Well, I think

the answers that is too early to really know the full scope of how these compounds are going to affect people, but most researchers will issue of caution, and that is still very early on in this new phase of research. and we don't really know, for example, what the long term impact of these drugs we'll be right and we, I don't know how they'll play out with people who have pre existing psychiatric issues, for example, people who are schizophrenic, rack bipolar, but most the resource so far suggested these drugs are effective and their relatives

and for the veterans who have experience this profound benefit It's become sort of a focus of their efforts to build them to a wider audience to more veterans, so they can also experienced the healing what exactly are veterans seeking, mostly their seeking immunization and they're, seeking more programs that allow veterans to access them more opportunities to have this therapy and not have to wait. You know the two three four years it might take before the f D, a approves of these drugs right and it's hard to get into a clinical trial. So if you want,

to experience the benefit of these drugs. It's difficult unless you're one of the very lucky few who gets chosen to enter one of these research programmes, that's right and the veterans pushing for a wider access have call us into a powerful advocates, a group and that's what really amazon right now he's working as an advocate and she's try to push the veterans administration to more fully embrace. I can log therapies and ensure that veterans get access to these new treatments. I made a decision a couple. Ago that I was going to be really open about my experience. because I understood how valuable the veteran voice was in any. What's from the response to this advocacy from veterans like Juliana? Well, the fox had been markedly positive. You have elected officials from both sides of the isle

with the embracing the message and this issue at hard here and that's: what's been the most surprising about this movement elected officials that I talk to. I know that, because I am a veteran myself that they hear me and that my my voice carries weight when it comes to talking about veteran issues and it's really tied to who the messengers here I can speculate that their decisions are part of it isn't that we ended up in iraq and afghanistan was I I. I think that, because of that sacrifice, people feel an obligation to help find a way for us to heal. let's face it. We are a very patriotic had a country that right shrews looks up to our

terry veterans and cancers, cherishes them and, having veterans as the face of this movement to decriminalize psychedelic acts has really been very successful. You ve have conservator republicans like rick. The former republican governor of texas and others who have taken up this cause in a very vocal and visible way? And this has led to a wave of legislative accomplishment, see from washing in dc to seattle, washington opened salaries, California, over the past three or four years cities across the country have two, for example, for mushrooms, which is the drug that Juliana took rape and more recently,

or again, an colorado have decriminalizing second alex and, in the case of organ, has already set up a system for therapeutic use of suicide and mushrooms key and state legislatures across the country are now considering similar measures that would decriminalize psychedelic, sir, and also other bills, that direct state funding to research. On these, pounds. So it's really a sea change in the way this country sees these drugs right and I'm curious. What really makes of the pace of this, change that she's been bush, for I am I home

feeling incredible, credible, she's dumbfounded, a pinch myself happy today, because it doesn't, it doesn't seem real. So I'm I'm stoked so warm most people involved in this movement. I think there's this sense of disbelief that the nation to turn so quickly in terms of its attitudes regarding second alex the excitement of having these solutions. one thing, but the idea that were going to be able to in a couple of years treat veterans for post traumatic stress in the visa system is. Not anything that I ever had dreamed my wildest dreams hmm

so in your mind, any what is the future of these psychedelic drugs now given the trajectory, but they very much seem to be on. The I think it's its undeniable. There is really incredible momentum and promise here, but veteran researchers I spoke to are also nervous because Is they ve seen this before and they worry there could be a repeat of the killing of shut down of the field. That happened in the seventies. That said this time. There are things that are different. There is a much more bedrock systemic support for these compounds. having veterans promote them, is really huge. So I think

there's a sense: does this time can be different and that these drugs really could revolutionise mental health treatment in the years to come? the wendy. Thank you very much. I travelled Audrey The hmm. Well, you look to a dark

if at the entrance you feel choose sensation. The first one is fear for what you could find inside, but the second easel saw reality, because that would be something interesting, a wharf to see there sometime living curiosity overcome the furies slowly, the way to go ahead. That was right, Yes, go sorrow, a rolex awards, laureate speedily allegest and scientists, who explores the world's deepest caves to understand the world below better, to discover other inspiring leaders visit and why times, dot, com, slash, modern dash leaders, What else you need to know today for their share we know that our support for grain robot waiver data will not be divided and we will not tire in appointed back and forth on tuesday. President finally travelled to pull it a member of nato

deliver his strongest rebuke yet to russian president vladimir putin over his brutal invasion of ukraine. One year ago this week gradually improve craig lost land power of bail and their greatest people, love for their country will prevail. while putin speaking in moscow, blamed the united states and ukraine for the wars. High death toll and inner rebuke of his own to bide suspended russia's participation in a major nuclear arms control, treating where does vizier, who knows very few or no doubt, but I but he has done that. So you just have to just give the go ahead for strategic reasons to putting the parisian treaty have the number of nuclear weapons that both russia and the united states can possess. As a result, prudence disease.

Could eventually allow russia to create as many nuclear weapons as it wants and potentially trigger a new nuclear arms race, tidies episode was produced by nina feldman and Erik cupcake, with help from Michael Simon Johnson. It was edited by patricia willingly with help from mj Davis fact checked by soothingly- contains regional music by Diana Wallis. Only should we took the mayor it was also an dan pill And- engineered by dan power, our theme music, is buying Jim blundered and their means of wonder. That's for today, I'm I barnier, see tomorrow. Cinema

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