From the New York Times are Michael BAR by this is that it did it in two thousand and one the? U S granted temporary protected stats to the people of El Salvador after a pair of deadly. Ravage. The country, almost twenty years later, that temporary stats seemed payment until the Trumpet administration announced it was it's Tuesday January. In nineteen, eighty Salvador was facing a civil war. Basically, leftist grimacer people was considered left really we are fighting against military control, awesome augment reports on central and

for the times it was really brutal. Civil war were talking. Seventy five thousand people killed over the course of twelve years during it's time the! U S provided a substantial sum: of money to the government's lash military, El Salvador to fight this war at the end of it United Nations did a report on what they found and they found it five percent of killings with the responsibility of the? U S back, government too many! of Central America is just that place way down below Mexico that can possibly constitute a threat to our will be the? U S. Looking at the examples of Nicaragua in Cuba. The salad one government was very skilled at positing, leftists as communists, and so not wanting to see another domino fall, the? U S back, of including Jimmy Carter, democratically, at a time began giving money, of course that when you got ramp up under Reagan, Central America, Bombs do directly affect the security and the being on their own. Deep and Central America is much closer to the United

then many the world trouble spots that concerns so we were restore our own economy. We cannot afford, lose sight of our neighbours to the south. El Salvador is nearer to Texas than Texas is too Massachusetts. Nicaragua, is just as close to Miami San Antonio San, Diego Tucson. As those set the Washington, where we're gathered tonight, So the? U S saw this as a battle in the cold war exam choose the side of the salvadoran government against what it saw as a potential communist enemy, claiming yet another country in Latin America precisely who's. The american taxpayer, five billion dollars money invested to ensure that the salvadoran regime would triumph over the guerrillas. But a new study

The Pentagon says american policy was based on false assumptions and failed. So how did Come to be that so many sir adorns were allowed to come to the United States during this time. So one interesting dynamics that was playing out amid the civil war was the United States past the immigration acted ninety. Ninety, provision of that was teepee asked this temporary protected status and El Salvador was one of the first beneficiaries of that people from ninety nine ultimately to nineteen. Eighty four were able to flee the country in coming under that temporary protected status? Some good job start families prosper, others who are trapped, a sort of a cycle of poverty find themselves. Face to face with other minorities and move trapped on the edges of the american Dream and they found that they had to defend themselves and elsewhere.

Against each other, but in LOS Angeles, they stand side by side on street corners, hoping to find a day's work, veterans of Salvador and military and supporters of leftist rebel seeking to overthrow the government forced together by circumstances all refugees who managed to leave their country. It's nine year old civil war behind you know many. These community settled around allay and at that time was again problem and allay so decided when community youth formed these groups of gangs to defend themselves from other minority groups. I got shot through their said, and he came up to this most of my born in my veins, a cunning and walked the streets not because she gonna walk streets. You gonna carry something with I don't think I'll live to see. Twenty three is the years progress. These groups.

Increasingly violent criminalized and, in fact, Emma's. Thirteen and body ratio job or be eighteen street gang formed in LOS Angeles. You gotta fight, your vartos. Sometimes you gotta kill just to keep up your reputation. You have immigration? Officials to inspect, began, photographed the elaborate tattoos about moral salvage, Roger Gang member he's one of five hundred and eighty two men arrested in recent days. Twenty six, in LOS Angeles alone, it's all part of a continuing crack down by? U S, homeland security forces targeting illegal immigrants from violence, bring game like more assemblage During the nineties is the gangs Los Angeles adorned gains in LOS Angeles issuers, of going into a broader organised criminal enterprises, United State, starts Dignan convicting many these guys in finding out of these guys and even american, and so too big

supporting them. This government video shows some of the arrest he's getting on a plane being deported in this case back to El Salvador and leaving the plane free of handcuffs and like Jane and remember the deporting them to a country that is in an extraordinarily fragile state. Is countries just come The civil war, so No one really has any idea what's in store for them. Suddenly, these guys, who have been organised in the streets of outlay land in a country that barely has a functioning government in sound where they begin to flourish and asked police estimates and sixty thousand gang members operate in the country? They were founded by returning deportees from southern California Salvadorans, who had joint, some of the notorious street gangs of LOS Angeles and whose how their own organisations when they were forced to return to their home country. There are a lot of orphan children whose Parents died during the war who are living with it.

Grandparents, kids, who have no other source of support and the gangs provide that for them, so they begin to slowly organise and in El Salvador. There's a crisis such as the fascinating. These members who have become gang members in the United States. As a result, of receiving this protected status from the United States because of a civil war. They return to El Salvador and sort of fill a void of institutions and governments left by the civil war in its debts. Totally writing, basically, that problem caught created in the United States in an export it backed El Salvador. So you ve spent a lot of time reporting in El Salvador. Can you describe for us what life has become like there as a result of these gangs

being formed their? What sort of hold do these gangs have on the country? Largely it is an economic chokehold, the gang survive on extortion, what drug trade they do? It's it's small Six doin? What? What do you mean? So I mean Gang members will tell bus drivers. If you want to drive through our territory and draw people off, you have to pay five dollars a day to day whatever the extortion is, but a small they'll tell store owners. If you want to operate in our neighborhoods, you have to pay us five dollars a day. They'll. Tell delivery truck drivers. Are you gonna, sell coke in our neighbourhood, Coca COLA, you're going to have to pay a fee so at first it's it's just like a bunch of kids hanging out and then suddenly to get more aroused and suddenly they start extorting populations, and so the government begins what they call the molucca model, which means hand. Buddha means the strong hand but loosely resource

translated as the iron fist, which is scorched earth policy. They begin rounding up these guys and mass hyper violent tact is to try and clear the streets and that crack down actually forces the gangs to become more disciplined, better organised then so into the two thousand. The government kind of continues with the same approach and it did nothing but sort of fortify the gangs in their presence these marginal neighborhoods inside of our sovereign or so in many areas of El Salvador. It are the gangs, it sounds like kind of the de facto government, the absolutely arts. It's it's interesting in the parallels too Surgeon see if you go into an area controlled by inserting she often fine the population, if not totally supportive of the insurgency, then at least a mindset that it's the government that the enemy the government the comes in and fire shots to govern the comes in and arrest peoples. The government. That's why

lays down the law, and I found the same thing and I'll sound. Do I go into these neighborhoods and nobody loved the gang's people tolerated the games. They offered some semblance of order and, if you didn't involve yourself with them, largely in some neighborhoods at least you were okay. Instead, what they viewed, especially during these various sort of iron fist moments, government, is exercised over the last fifteen years, they feel like the police, the enemy he seems. El Salvador is headed to become the country of grapes. According to police statistics, in the month of January and February, one person has died of violent crime almost every hour. One explains the fact: that El Salvador now has this awful distinction of being the country with the highest homicide rate in the world? Is it violence is a government violence or is it some combination of the two increase it's a combination of the two which is seen as the police have been given

a free hand to attack and kill gang members. I mean the Minister of Interior has said on the record, like no police officer will be held to account for firing his weapons it's open season on gang members, it's the police, killing gang members, the gang members killing police. It's absolutely game! Members find gang members, for territory, for what little money these guys can pull together. It's a multi front where their fighting each other. The vine- please please defining all of them which ultimately create these kinds of staggering statistics. We are also talking about small country returning to countries food over six million people who talk about tens of thousands of members and many more tens of thousands of people who rely on the economics of that particular enterprise brings. What does it actually look like in a country with the highest homicide raid in the world? What is that violence like their day to day

The violence is sort of sudden and brought them in their parts of solid work. Where life goes on, his normal people still go to work. It married have kids debate on the weekends and yet in certain pockets of it almost every day, someone's being killed. Either it again shooting in a market because of under didn't pay extortion, payment or it is a shoot out between rivals for territory or it's a targeted assassination of a gang later. These things are still diffuse, certain neighborhoods heat up and there's a lot of violence at once, but I mean you can go to the El Salvador for weaken witness nothing but there's a sense of menace and a lot of these communities has a sense of Pervasive fear. So one night, I'm in our neighbourhood and we hear gunshots and suddenly six kids run by carrying weapons. The next day we find out there was a shoot out just one block over, because rival gangs had come over three weeks later, one of the kids. We were talking to a shot dead by the police in the same place. It's a stir

drumbeat violence, but quite know it's precious, an outsider wearing He's going to run out be right back. Support for the daily comes from tee in tee presenting the alien is angel of darkness, the on season of the acclaimed Emmy Award winning television series at the turn of the twentieth century uncover a dark Sinister trail of death and deceit as an intrepid team of crime, solvers reunite to hunt and elusive killer Daniel, brutal Luke Evans and Dakota Fanning STAR in the aliens angel of darkness, the honesty premier Sunday July. Nineteen that nine eight central anti anti go to the aliens dot com for more so returning to this temporary protected status that arguably help cause this current violent state in El Salvador. What has happened with their programmes?

the ninety nine days when I first started that initial one was shut down, they started, I believe, and ninety nine for and so roughly, he's level from the work no longer apply for temporary protected status in the United States, but as life evolved in El Salvador and more people were deported from the. U S and the gangs gain more power and into the two thousands. It remained a very dangerous place and then into thousand and one to earthquake struck you anything I didn't call the El Salvador earthquakes the worst disasters in the region in over fifty years, cost mass devastation through the country,

on seven hundred deaths? And then U S granted another round of temporary protection matters, and those are the people were talking about now over the years they have committed to two hundred thousand people and it continued to be extended, and the argument, at least for the Obama administration was well listen. We ve got a country that is being torn apart by violence that has an economy that is suffering so will extend it. They sort of expanded the umbrella of what was permitted to keep these guys. The country, because the earthquake ceased cease to be a factor was no longer the people couldn't return home because their homes were destroyed because the country was no longer functioning after the earthquakes, but rather at a different menace, swerve inhibited them from going home, and that was the violence that we're talking about today,

so the Obama administration was extending the temporary protected status because of the violence there, which was, of course, not the original reason why that status was granted or why people were fleeing precisely. It was so severe at that point and especially in the later Is it got so bad that thousands of unaccompanied children are risking their lives to enter the Eu S illegally? No children were showing up the the southern border with the United States, whose families were shown up. The southern border trying to escape from the gang violence, a stream of people seems endless some of the youngest border, process come with their families, others by themselves. So? These people who arrive in the United States after the earthquake in two thousand and one because the? U S government, has continued

to extend their protected status in part because of the violence. Most of them have never left United States right now. They ve built lives. They built lives bill. Businesses raised families had children who are american citizens, they sort of woven themselves into the fabric of the United States in two thousand, and one were now in twenty eighteen were looking at seventeen eighteen years of living in one place and during that time Lifetimes lived. How do you then take eighteen years in one place and go back to a country that especially now humane and even recognize right, but it's important to know that it's always been the case that this was a temporary status temporary, but renewed over and over again, like an unusual situation where, even though this now

was temporary. It started to feel permanent yeah yeah. I think I think people feel somewhat cruel to have extended it for so long and then suddenly stopped it. Where's before, for instance, when they began and ninety ninety with Salvadorans things, civil war, it ended four years later so was in fact temporary where's. In this case, the years have been allowed to collapse. And so you know they ve never been given that it might not heard so much to have it taken away, but now that they have been given out to take it away is, I think, devastating, for a lot of people. This is such a complicated situation, because it seems to me that by definition, temporary protected status is designed to protect people during temporary.

Areas of crises, and so arguably, even though the situation in El Salvador has perhaps never been worse, and it feels like an unbelievable situation in which to send people back, it's not temporary, really and therefore not the responsibility of the United States and this programme attributes. It's not the responsibility of this particular programme. A wooden the United States off the hook so easily. I think the Eu S has a lot to answer for in El Salvador and in the state that its in today in the sort of funding of the civil war in the deportation of the peace who who became gang members in the United States. So while, while temporary protected status, one could very easily and legitimately argue that no longer applies because the damage from the earthquake no longer applies.

It doesn't mean that the Eu S doesn't have a responsibility to addressing these issues. There is a non temporary nature. This you're not going to poor people out for three years. You can create a new tv s to help the flood of refugees dealing with violence on the ground because most accounts, the violence, is going to stop and I are for years and so there's nothing temporary about it. The oil driving is Cava full circle here that the? U S back civil war, arguably created this problem in El Salvador, then, once fleeing salvadorans reach, nine states, the? U S nurtured gang. And then send them back to El Salvador, and now we are sending people back to the worst realisation of that thing. We help start back in the ninety nine years, The tragedies in El Salvador today is both an echo in a product of its past. I wouldn't say the: U S faster gangs, but the bottom line is that

eggs, were there in these kids felt that the only option they had was the form those games, and then those kids went back to a country that could barely deal with problems. They were already facing and yeah now you ve got to introduce and more people who had fled ourselves, we're going back into the same kind of dire conditions at the behest of an american government. Thank you, as they should have a me. The temporary protected status programme provides lawful status and authorization to work to people from countries affected by armed conflict, natural disaster or other crises, whether they entered the United States legally or not by ending the programme her salvadorans. On Monday, the trumpet minister

and will no longer protect members of the group from deportation. As of September, two thousand nineteen here's. What else. You need to know today. The times is reporting that special council Rama mother has torn white house lawyers, he will likely seek to interview the president, though no formal request has been made and no date has been set. White

official see the request as a sign that the investigation maybe nearing an end and are expected to set ground rules for the interview or provide answers to written questions. If the president refuses to cooperate, mother could respond with a grand jury subpoena and on Tuesday night North Korea agreed to send athletes to the winter Olympics in South Korea. Symbolic breakthrough after months of escalating tension over the north, rapidly advancing nuclear and missile in talks held in a border that North Korea is reported to have quickly accepted. The south request. They send a large delegation to the gate, marking the first time in eight years that North Korea will have. Dissipated in the winter Olympics

That's it I'm like a seat. Hi, I'm Kristen minds are, and I'm the co host of innovation uncovered a new podcast the world changing in real time, often in ways we don't notice an can't protect innovation and covered, explores the breakthroughs that our driving our culture now from how we play we consume to how we can act more more what the ideas that are reshaping our reality in extraordinary way as enemies uncovered is upon cast from invest, go cute. You too, and t brand at the New York Times listened today in basque or distributors. Ink.